SUB Hamburg

A/579648

Political Conflict in Western Europe HANSPETER KRIESI, EDGAR GRANDE, MARTIN DOLEZAL, MARC HELBLING, DOMINIC HOGLINGER, SWEN HUTTER, BRUNO WUEST

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

Contents

List of figures List of tables Preface and acknowledgments

page x xii xv

Part I Theory and methods 1 The transformative power of globalization and the structure of political conflict in Western Europe Edgar Grande and Hanspeter Kriesi Introduction The theoretical framework: an extended and dynamic concept of cleavage formation The structural potential of the new political conflicts The political articulation of the new structural conflicts Two logics of globalization conflicts Four cleavage coalitions Contexts for articulating new political conflicts The national context The interplay of national and European contexts Linking the different arenas: party politics, protest politics, and public debates Plan of the book 2 Exploring the new cleavage across arenas and public debates: design and methods Martin Dolezal, Swen Hutter, and Bruno Wiiest Introduction Selection of countries and time periods Data collection: sampling and coding newspaper articles Selection of newspapers The core-sentence approach Coding protest politics

3 3 8 12 16 16 20 23 23 25 27 31 36 36 37 39 40 41 45

vi

Contents Data analysis strategies 49 Categorizing actors and issues 50 Measures: position, salience, and conflict intensity 55 Multidimensional scaling: an empirical response to our critics 58 Summary 60 Appendix 2A An empirical response to our critics 61 Part II The development of the 'integration-demarcation' cleavage

3

Participation and party choice: comparing the demand side of the new cleavage across arenas Martin Dolezal and Swen Hutter Introduction The structure of the demand space in the 2000s Political participation: explaining turnout and protest participation The impact of socio-structural characteristics on participation The impact of issue positions on participation Party choice in national and European elections Conclusion

4 Restructuring the national political space: the supply side of national electoral politics

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67 67 69 73 77 79 86 93

96

Hanspeter Kriesi Introduction The overall structure of the national political space in Western Europe The structure of the national political space in the six countries Positions, salience, and polarization at the system level Positions Salience Polarization Salience and position at the party level Conclusion Appendix 4A Dimensionality of the political space

97 103 108 108 109 113 120 123 125

Restructuring the European political space: the supply side of European electoral politics

127

96

Martin Dolezal Introduction

127

Contents European elections: from 'second-order' to a battleground of the new cleavage? European election campaigns: definition and relative importance European elections: issue salience, conflict intensity, and the positions of parties Conclusion 6

Restructuring protest politics: the terrain of cultural winners

vii

129 132 134 149 151

Swen Hutter Introduction General and country-specific expectations Conflict intensity in the arena of protest politics Issues of protest politics The return of economics in the realm of cultural issues The terrain of cultural winners' positions New cultural and economic issues? The specific issues, seen comparatively The impact of (new) issues on transnationalization and action repertoires Conclusion Appendix 6A Classification of protest issues Appendix 6B Salience of all issues by decade and country in the protest arena

7 Congruence, counterweight, or different logics? Comparing electoral and protest politics Swen Hutter Introduction Patterns of change: new cultural issues across arenas Three theses on the relationship between electoral and protest politics Different logics at work? Tracing the salience of issue positions across arenas Different logics at work? Political parties in electoral and protest politics The populist radical right as the driving force of change Conclusion

151 152 155 158 160 163 165 171 173 177 179 180

182 182 183 189 192 194 198 202

viii

Contents Part III Public debates: the articulation of the new cleavage in detail

8

9

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The impact of arenas in public debates over globalization Marc Helbling, Dominic Hoglinger, and Bruno Wuest Introduction The importance of political arenas The standing of political actors across arenas The articulation of the new cleavage in different arenas and debates Conclusion Appendix 8A Opposing, ambivalent, and supporting actors in comparison Culture versus economy: the framing of public debates over issues related to globalization Dominic Hoglinger, Bruno Wuest, and Marc Helbling Introduction Opening the 'black boxes' - the multi-faceted structure of the globalization debates Immigration sub-issues Economic liberalization sub-issues European integration sub-issues Framing the globalization cleavage The impact of the cultural and the economic logic The frames preferred by different types of actors Framing opposition and support of denationalization Conclusion Actor configurations in the public debates on globalization Bruno Wuest, Marc Helbling, and Dominic Hoglinger Introduction Positions taken by the actors in the debates Cleavage coalitions and the dimensionality of globalization debates The coalitions' core beliefs Conclusion Part IV

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207 207 211 216 220 225 228 229 229 231 233 234 235 237 239 243 249 251 254 254 254 261 268 271

Conclusion

Conclusion: how much change can we observe and what does it mean? Edgar Grande

277

Contents The main argument: restructuring political conflict Is there a new cleavage and how stable is it? How relevant are political parties and the electoral arena to organizing the new cleavage? How national is the new cleavage? Political dynamics, competing frames, conflicting cleavage coalitions How does the new cleavage affect the intensity of political conflict? The paradox of globalization conflicts: transformative change and structural stability

ix 277 279 284 287 292 297 299

References

302

Index

343