Point Pleasant Shale:

5th Annual Conference The American Institute of Professional Geologists Presents Marcellus, Utica, and Point Pleasant Shale: Energy Development and ...
4 downloads 3 Views 2MB Size
5th Annual Conference

The American Institute of Professional Geologists Presents

Marcellus, Utica, and Point Pleasant Shale: Energy Development and Enhancement by Hydraulic Fracturing

Columbus, OH

April 16-17, 2014

Sponsors

Exhibitors

AIPG Ohio Section

Why Terracon? Saving our clients time and money through tailored services that meet their objectives: It’s a belief we’ve put into practice since our inception 45 years ago. Today, Terracon has grown to become the national leader in consulting engineering, with more than 3,000 employees and more than 140 offices in 40 states. Our clients rely on our expertise to meet objectives through the following key principles:

Responsiveness. Acting quickly to meet your deadlines, our employee owners are always available to you. With convenient locations across the country, we’re able to continually support and adapt to our clients’ fluctuating needs.

Resourcefulness. Applying new processes, methodologies, and techniques allows us to take a proactive approach to solving project challenges and deliver your projects better and faster. With our nationwide network of offices, we can initiate services easily on one or multiple projects simultaneously.

Reliability. With vast experience working in local conditions, Terracon is a dependable partner throughout the life of your project. We deliver practical solutions, while avoiding delays, surprises, and costly mistakes down the road.

OIL & GAS SERVICES

NPDES Permitting

Assessment and Permitting

Risk Management Plans

Phase I and II Site Assessments Soil, Surface Water, Groundwater, and Air Sampling Groundwater Assessment and Remediation Impacted Soil Removal/Disposal and On-site Treatment

Geotechnical/Geological Trenchless Technology Evaluation River Morphology and Crossing Design Hydraulics and Hydrology

Pit Closures/Remediation

Erosion Control and Slope Stabilization

Sensitive Area Determinations

Blasting Management

PCB Assessment and Remediation

Materials Testing

Metal Assessments

Thrust Block Evaluation

NORM Surveys

Geotechnical/Geologic Hazard Studies

Storage Tank Management Asbestos Surveys and Abatement Management

Pipeline Routing Evaluations Foundation Evaluation, Recommendations, and Design

Tank Cleaning Regional Hydrocarbon/Produced Water Spill Response Remedial System Construction and O&M Ground Penetrating Radar/Geophysical Surveys

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Environmental Health and Safety Auditing Services Energy Audits and Efficiency Studies

Litigation Support

Regulatory Compliance Consulting and Permitting

Site Assessments and Investigations

Environmental Management Plans

Industrial Hygiene, Health and Safety Plans

Risk Assessment and Transport Modeling

Asbestos/Lead/Mold

PCB Mega Rule Compliance

OSHA Compliance

Procedural Manuals and Training

Air Permitting

Air Emission Permitting, Evaluations, and Inventories

Environmental Management Systems

Pit Permitting

Solid Waste Planning and Design

SPCC Plan Preparation and Certification

Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures

SARA Title III Compliance

Stormwater/Wastewater

Stormwater Management and Permitting

Hazardous Waste

Ohio Cincinnati: (513) 321 5816 Cleveland: (216) 459 8378 Columbus: (614) 863 3113

West Virginia Charleston: (304) 344 0821

Kentucky Lexington: (859) 303 9000 Louisville: (502) 456 1256

Terracon.com

Environmental

Facilities

Geotechnical

Materials

Exploring New Energy Opportunities in Ohio

Together we are building for

Tomorrow’s Energy Future /OOGA.org

@ooga_hq

/ohio-oil-&-gas-association

Visit us online at www.ooga.org

The Ohio Oil and Gas Association is a statewide trade association that represents over 3,300 independent crude oil and natural gas producers, along with related allied industries. For over 67 years we have represented our membership before the Ohio General Assembly, state agencies and the general public. Please contact us on any associated energy, regulatory, natural resource or environmental matter. Phone: 614.824.3901

|

Fax: 614.824.4329

|

Web: www.ooga.org

88 E. Broad Street, Suite 1400 · Columbus, OH 43215

            ' ()*+  ,   

  

%  & 

   &  

  

         !" #$

Foundation for Success Professional Services: • Geotechnical Engineering • Environmental Services • Construction Materials Engineering and Testing (CoMET) • Laboratory Testing • Drilling Services • Mine subsidence risk assessment • Slope stability monitoring and assessment )LUP4XDOLÀFDWLRQV (Professional licenses, FHUWLÀFDWLRQVDQGFRPSDQ\ programs include): • Registered professional engineers licensed in 12 states • LEED Accredited Professionals • &HUWLÀHGÀHOGDQG laboratory technicians • $05/$$6+72FHUWLÀHG materials testing laboratory • 9$3FHUWLÀHG professionals • &HUWLÀHGDVEHVWRV inspectors • Wetlands specialists • Geologists • 2'27SUHTXDOLÀHGIRU geotechnical services and laboratory soils testing • Ohio BWC Drug-Free Workplace participant • Nuclear Materials Safety Program

The foundation of Geotechnical Consultants, Inc. (GCI) was laid in 1979 on the principles of quality work, honest fees, exceptional service and providing clients with solid value for their money. Since then, GCI has grown from a traditional soils and foundation engineering company WRDGLYHUVL¿HGIXOOVHUYLFHJHRWHFKQLFDOHQJLQHHULQJHQYLURQPHQWDOFRQVXOWLQJDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQ PDWHULDOVHQJLQHHULQJDQGWHVWLQJVHUYLFHV¿UPVHUYLQJFOLHQWVWKURXJKRXWWKH0LGZHVWDQG0LG Atlantic regions.

Outstanding Professional Talent GCI’s leaders are widely recognized for their extensive experience, specialized knowledge and LQQRYDWLRQ&OLHQWVYDOXHWKHGHHSO\LQJUDLQHGKDQGVRQSUREOHPVROYLQJFXOWXUHWKDWUHVXOWVLQ creative yet practical solutions delivered promptly.

Experience to Build On The average experience of GCI’s professional staff is over 20 years. This extraordinary longevity JLYHV*&,DGHHSOHYHORIH[SHUWLVHZLWKKLJKO\HI¿FLHQWWHDPVWKDWDUHVNLOOHGDWGHYHORSLQJFRVW effective solutions to meet clients’ challenges. With more than 18,000 completed projects and a SURSULHWDU\VHDUFKDEOHGDWDEDVHWKDWFDWDORJVPRUHWKDQ\HDUVRIVLWHLQYHVWLJDWLRQV*&,KDV H[WHQVLYHNQRZOHGJHRIVLWHFRQGLWLRQVWKDWFDQSURYLGHYDOXDEOHLQVLJKWWRRZQHUVDQGLQYHVWRUV

Energy Sector Expertise GCI’s project experience encompasses energy facilities and support structures including truck ORDGLQJWHUPLQDOVDGPLQLVWUDWLYHEXLOGLQJVHOHFWULFDOVXEVWDWLRQVZDUHKRXVHVDQGSULYDWHVHFRWU hotel, commercial, retail and medical developments. GCI provides the following services in the 8WLFDDQG0DUFHOOXV6KDOHUHJLRQV • • • • • •

Geotechnical studies for drill pads, compressor pads, processing plants, railroad sidings, rail IDFLOLWLHVDQGSRLQWWRSRLQWSLSHOLQHV 6RLOVWDELOL]DWLRQRIVWULSPLQLQJVSRLOVDQGFRPSUHVVLEOHVRLOV Design of roadway improvements for local and county roads Foundation recommendations for oil and gas processing equipment, compressor pads, drill SDGVSLSHUDFNVQDWXUDOJDVWDQNVDQGSURSDQHEXWDQHDQGLVREXWDQHVWRUDJHVSKHUHV 5DLOVXEJUDGHGHVLJQDQGUDLOEULGJHIRXQGDWLRQGHVLJQ 'HVLJQRIURFNVORSHVDQGHPEDQNPHQW¿OOV

:LWKPRUHWKDQRIWKH¿UP¶VEXVLQHVVIURPH[LVWLQJFOLHQWVRUFOLHQWUHIHUUDOV*&,¶V dedication to exceeding client expectations has resulted in consistent growth and expansion services. Call GCI today at 614.895.1400 to discuss the geotechnical engineering, environmental consulting, and construction testing needs for your next project. www.gci2000.com MAIN OFFICE YOUNGSTOWN

614.895.1400 330.965.1400

614.895.1171 fax 330.965.1410 fax

720 Greencrest Drive, Westerville, OH 43081 8433 South Ave – Bldg 1, Suite 1, Boardman, OH 44514

www.cumminsenvirotech.com CUMMINS ENVIROTECH INC.

Oil and Gas Services EXPERIENCE FOR ALL YOUR ENVIRONMENTAL NEEDS

CUMMINS ENVIROTECH, INC. HAS OVER 27 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE providing a wide spectrum of environmental services throughout North America. Our professional staff of Licensed Environmental Professionals, Geologists, Environmental Engineers and Technicians are ready manage all of your environmental needs. CEI serves a broad array of markets and provides comprehensive technical exper se. Our Clients include oil and gas companies, u li es, railroads, US Military, insurance providers, along with local, state, and federal government. Our qualifica ons are instrumental in successfully achieving our clients goals. We are dedicated to providing excellence in service, professionalism, and smart solu ons necessary for each unique project.

Oil and Gas Services x Erosion and Sediment Control Permi ng (ESCGP-2) x Water Obstruc on & Encroachment Permi ng x Stray Gas Studies x Environmental Emergency Response Plans x Environmental Compliance Monitoring Guidance x Release Assessment/Remedia on x Frac Water Sampling/Analysis/Treatment/Disposal x Waste Management/Minimiza on Plans x Water Management Plans x Oil and Gas Compliance Reports x Site Decommissioning/Restora on

OFFICES - Old Lyme, ConnecƟcut: TEL 860 388 6377 FAX 860 434 0358 Williamsport, Pennsylvania: TEL 570 995 1268

Reliable Resources... SM

from exploration to market

CEC is a reliable resource in the expanding energy industry, delivering integrated engineering, ecological ĂŶĚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐƚŽƚŚĞ Upstream and Midstream markets.

Experience ӑ Well sites and impoundments, dams CEC was named 2013 Engineering Company of the Year by the Northeast Oil & Gas Awards

ӑ Gathering and transmission pipeline projects ӑ Compression, fractionation and other infrastructure facilities

Services ӑ Surveying

ӑ Water management planning

ӑ GIS and data management ӑ Well site layout, grading and earthwork

ӑ Hydrogeology, groundwater monitoring and reporting

ӑ Pits, impoundments and dam permitting

ӑ Environmental assessments

ӑ Erosion and Sedimentation Control (E&S) design and permitting

ӑ Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) plans

ӑ Post-Construction Stormwater Management (PCSM) design and permitting

ӑ Air permitting

ӑ Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) environmental reporting and certification assistance ӑ Wetland and stream delineation and encroachments permitting ӑ Threatened and endangered species surveys

ӑ Geotechnical engineering and subsurface investigations ӑ Construction quality assurance monitoring ӑ Stray gas migration assessments ӑ Pipeline integrity project management ӑ Cultural resources management

Civil & Environmental Consultants, Inc. w w w. c e c i n c . c o m | 8 0 0 . 3 6 5 . 2 3 2 4

Celebrating 25 Years

A u st i n | B o sto n | B r i d ge p o r t | C h a r l o tte | C h i ca go | C i n c i n n at i | C l eve l a n d | C o l u m b u s | D et ro i t | E x p o r t I n d i a n a p o l i s | Kn oxv i l l e | N a s hv i l l e | N o r t h C e nt ra l PA | P h i l a d e l p h i a | P h o e n i x | P i tt s b u rg h | S t . L o u i s | To l e d o

GeoStabilization International Phone: 855.579.0536 Fax: 970.245.773 www.GeoStabilization.com

CALL US FIRST GSI solves problems. From initial site visit, to design, to site construction using our purpose-built equipment and strategic material stockpiles, nobody can respond faster or more efficiently than GSI. Our services include: • No-cost, no-obligation telephone consultations & site visits • Geotechnical Engineers on staff • 24-hour emergency response capability • Continent-wide fleet of equipment and material stockpiles

Notes ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

Program - Wednesday, April 16, 2014 7:30 am-8:30 am 8:30 am-8:40 am

Registration and Continental Breakfast Welcome and Opening Remarks

8:40 am-9:10 am

ASTM Standards: Hydraulic Fracturing of Subsurface Formations Planning a Framework and Attaining Balance Caryl Alfaro, CPG - Earth Resource Systems, LLC, Milton, GA

9:10 am-9:40 am

Communication of Methane Analysis Results and Mitigation Information to Private Well Owners in Ohio Rebecca J. Fugitt - Bureau of Environmental Health, Ohio Department of Health, Columbus, OH

9:40 am-10:10 am

Reverse Engineering Gas Migration Conditions: A Residential Well Case Study Jesse Drummond, MEM - EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc., Hunt Valley, MD

10:10 am - 10:40 am

Break and Visit Exhibits

10:40 am-11:10 am

A Geochemical Context for Stray Gas Investigations in the N. Appalachian Basin: Implications of Analyses of Natural Gases from Neogene-through-Devonian-Age Strata Fred Baldassare - ECHELON Applied Geochemistry Consulting, Murrysville, PA

11:10 am-11:40 am

More Reliable and Less Expensive Casing Seals in Karst Formations Carl Keller - Flexible Liner Underground Tech. (FLUTe), Alcalde, NM

11:40 am-12:10 pm

Geotechnical Guidelines and Strategies for Mitigating Environmental Impacts of Oil & Gas Well Pads, Access Roads and Pipelines Bob Barrett - GeoStabilization International, Grand Junction, CO

12:10 pm - 1:30 pm

Lunch with Keynote Speaker Peter MacKenzie, CPG - Ohio’s Energy Renaissance Ohio Oil & Gas Association, Columbus, OH

1:30 pm-2:00 pm

Water Resources for Shale Oil & Gas Operations in Ohio Brent Winslow - CONSOL Energy/CNX Water Assets, LLC, Canonsburg, PA

2:00 pm-2:30 pm

Current Approaches with Recycle Treatment and Disposal of Flowback and Produced Water Mark Gannon, PE - AMEC Environment & Infrastructure, Pittsburgh, PA

2:30 pm-3:00 pm

Advanced Treatment of Flowback Water Using Magnetic Ballast Clarification and Vortex Generating Membrane Systems for Discharge Behrang Pakzadeh, PhD, PE - Southern Research Institute, Cartersville, GA 3:00 pm - 3:30 pm Break and Visit Exhibits

3:30 pm-4:00 pm

4:00 pm-4:30 pm

Water Withdrawals in Ohio: By the Numbers Mitch Valerio - Ohio Department of Natural Resources, DSWR-Water Inventory and Planning Program, Columbus, OH

Deep-Well Drilling in Ohio Searches for Saline Reservoirs Mark T. Baranoski - Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey, Columbus, OH 5:00 pm - 6:30 pm Reception with Cash Bar

Program - Thursday, April 17, 2014 7:00 am-8:00 am

Registration and Continental Breakfast

8:00 am-8:30 am

Christopher Guith - Institute for 21st Century Energy, U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Washington, DC

8:30 am-9:00 am

What’s Shaking in Ohio? Using Waveform Similarity to Investigate Whether Earthquakes Are Caused by Deep Wastewater Injection Wells Mike Brudzinski - Miami University, Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Oxford, OH

9:00 am-9:30 am

Ohio’s New Class II Regulations: A Case Study of the R E Disposal #1 Well Jeffrey C. Dick, PhD, MEM - Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, OH

9:30 am-10:00 am

An Analysis of Induced Seismic Activity: Geologic and Engineering Factors in Oil and Gas Development and Brine Disposal Richard L. Boone, CPG - O’Brien & Gere, Cincinnati, OH

10:00 am-10:30 am

Break and Visit Exhibits

10:30 am-11:00 am

Geochemical Tracers for Constraining the Hydrogeochemistry of Natural Gas in Shallow Aquifers Dr. Tom Darrah - School of Earth Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH

11:00 am-11:30 am

Geologic Parameters to Better Understand Mudrock (Shale) Reservoirs Timothy R. Carr, PhD - Department of Geology and Geography, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV

11:30 am-12:00 pm

Energizing America: Facts for Addressing Energy Policy Rayola Dougher - American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC

Sponsors and Exhibitors

Abstracts ASTM STANDARDS: HYDRAULIC FRACTURING OF SUBSURFACE FORMATIONS PLANNING A FRAMEWORK AND ATTAINING BALANCE Caryl Alfaro, President, Earth Resource Systems, LLC, 16285 Laconia Lane, Milton, GA 30004 [email protected] What balance can be reached allowing for the economic viability for shale oil and gas operations that include hydraulic fracturing while ensuring environmentally safe operations? What constitutes a standard? Who is ASTM? How will standards that are not counterproductive to the cost efficiency of these manufacturing operations be completed? How will we address public environmental concerns in these standards that may lead to important practices within the industry without unnecessary regulations? How will we plan for the potential environmental risks and hazards from these operations when accidents do happen? What have we learned from these operations in the United States that could be standardized to prevent or minimize potential environmental issues in other parts of the world? High level view of ASTM and their organization regarding hydraulic fracturing. The current ASTM work items under the Hydraulic Fracturing subcommittee will be discussed. The flow of an ASTM work item to a published standard will be explained. The changes and challenges that have transpired over the last year with other organizations and stakeholders will be reviewed. The need for hydrocarbon recovery is paramount. Domestically, unconventional shale oil and gas plays are now focused on manufacturing and production as the major exploration phase has been mostly completed. Internationally, shale oil and gas operators and service providers are cashing in on knowledge transfer as the exploration phase starts in some countries. Many of these operators and service providers use sophisticated tools and computer systems during the hydraulic fracturing process and throughout the life cycle. The export of certain records and fields (especially environmental data elements) for standardized reporting during these operations may help streamline government processing and oversight. If planned properly and automated, the right types of data gathered, reported and archived would be helpful for spatial, environmental and engineering analysis and knowledge. As unconventional production surges and increases the United States energy independence, public discussions and protests still persist. Recent landmark decisions in Pennsylvania and Colorado on community rights versus state control in regards to allowing hydraulic fracturing operations reopens the conversation on how to achieve a balance between the operators, regulators and public at large. An important turning point is here now—consensus standards may help lead the way to achieve a balance amongst the various stakeholders.

A GEOCHEMICAL CONTEXT FOR STRAY GAS INVESTIGATIONS IN THE N. APPALACHIAN BASIN: IMPLICATIONS OF ANALYSES OF NATURAL GASES FROM NEOGENE-THROUGH-DEVONIAN-AGE STRATA Fred Baldassare1, Mark McCaffrey, PhD2, John A. Harper, PhD3 1 ECHELON Applied Geochemistry Consulting, 1229 Twelve Oaks Ct., Murrysville, PA 15668 2 Weatherford Laboratories, 3500 Oak Lawn Ave., Suite 205, Dallas, TX 75215 3 Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 400 Waterfront Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15222 As the pace of drilling activity to the Marcellus Formation in the northern Appalachian Basin has increased, so has the number of alleged incidents of stray natural gas migration to shallow aquifer systems. Prior to the present study, the occurrence and origin of natural gas in the strata above the Marcellus Formation in the Northern Appalachian basin has not been well defined. More than 2,300 gas and water samples were analyzed in the present study for (1) molecular composition, (2) stable carbon and hydrogen isotope compositions of methane and (3) stable carbon isotope composition of ethane. The samples are from Neogene to Middle Devonian-age strata in a five-county study area in northeastern Pennsylvania. Gas and water samples were collected from (1) 234 gas wells during Mudgas Logging (MGL) programs for wells being drilled to the Marcellus Shale Formation, and (2) 67 private water supply wells during baseline groundwater water-quality testing programs. Regional and local geologic conditions were evaluated from core analyses and published studies. Evaluation of this geochemical database reveals that microbial, mixed microbial/thermogenic, and thermogenic gases occur in some shallow aquifer systems, and that the gas occurrences pre-date Marcellus Formation drilling activity. The isotope data reveal that thermogenic gases in the Neogene and Upper Devonian strata are typically distinct from gases from deeper Middle Devonian strata (including the Marcellus Fm.).

Abstracts Significantly, however, a more detailed review of the geochemistry at the site-specific level also reveals a complex thermal and migration history with gas mixtures indicated by partial isotope reversals (δ13C1>δ13C2) in some areas throughout the stratigraphic section above the Marcellus Formation. Defining a specific source for stray natural gas requires the investigation and synthesis of several data types at the sitespecific level. Molecular and isotope geochemistry provide evidence of gas origin and evidence of secondary processes that may have affected the gases. Such data provide focus for investigations where the potential sources for stray gas include multiple naturally occurring and anthropogenic gases. Additional investigation to delineate migration pathways and the mechanism of migration are necessary to further constrain and identify specific stray gas source(s).

DEEP-WELL DRILLING IN OHIO SEARCHES FOR SALINE RESERVOIRS Mark T. Baranoski, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey 2045 Morse Rd., Bldg. C-2, Columbus, OH 43229-6693, [email protected] Since 1902, more than 500 wells have been drilled below the Cambrian Knox Dolomite in Ohio and 250 of these wells have penetrated the Precambrian basement. The primary objective for drilling deep wells has been: wildcats, stratigraphic tests, Class 1 industrial-waste disposal, oil-field brine disposal, and research for CO2 sequestration targets. Cambrian-age rocks cannot be properly evaluated for use as disposal zones and sequestration targets or for hydrocarbon potential unless a well is drilled with sufficient depth into the Precambrian complex, typically 100 feet. At this depth, open-hole geophysical logging instruments can collect data along the uppermost Precambrian rocks and the entire Cambrian interval for proper evaluation. Recent subsurface studies, using wireline and core data from deep oil-and-gas wells, have redefined Cambrian sub-Knox intervals in the Ohio region. Stratigraphic nomenclature and boundaries also have been refined and updated. A revised stratigraphic framework provides new information pertaining to saline reservoir studies for industrial-waste and brine disposal, gas storage, CO2 sequestration, and hydrocarbon exploration. GEOTECHNICAL GUIDELINES AND STRATEGIES FOR MITIGATING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF OIL & GAS WELL PADS, ACCESS ROADS AND PIPELINES Bob Barrett, GeoStabilization International, Grand Junction, CO Landslides, rockfall, scour, sinkholes, avalanches, erosion and kindred problems seem to be increasing. Add in all the construction and maintenance on pipelines and transmission lines, railroads, and highways related to our new quest for energy independence, and add in the needs and growth in our mining industries, the negative impacts of geohazards that inhibit orderly and scheduled commuting and commerce are enormous. This presentation provides an overview of some of the latest tools and technologies that can be incorporated in finding ways to more effectively, efficiently, and economically deal with this wide range of geohazards. The presentation also includes an overview of the design methodology and published reference materials associated with each of the new technologies.

AN ANALYSIS OF INDUCED SEISMIC ACTIVITY: GEOLOGIC AND ENGINEERING FACTORS IN OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENT AND BRINE DISPOSAL Richard L. Boone, CPG, O’Brien & Gere, 8805 Governor’s Hill Drive, Suite 164, Cincinnati, OH 45249 Increased reporting of seismic activity in various oil and gas producing regions in the U.S. has heightened visibility on unconventional oil and gas production and methods. Questions regarding the source of seismic events caused by human activities (induced seismicity) has been raised increasingly over the last several years by industry, academic researchers, regulatory personnel, and the media. Since 2008, increased seismic activity has been reported in Oklahoma, Ohio, Texas, and West Virginia, with the induced seismicity possibly related to brine disposal via underground injection wells. In 2011, seismic events associated with injection well activity resulted in the Ohio Department of Natural Resources (Ohio DNR) being authorized to require additional testing or evaluations of proposed Class IID (brine disposal) injection wells including geological investigations and seismic surveys. An estimated 30,000 injection wells are used for wastewater disposal in the U.S. and nearly all operate without creating felt seismic events. A small percentage appears to have resulted in clusters of seismic activity, typically small to moderate in strength, with only 9 felt seismic events (M3 to M5) reported. Due to the expansion of unconventional oil and gas development, and the need for brine disposal options such as injection wells, a study was conducted to summarize the current scientific understanding and data gaps regarding induced seismic activity surrounding energy production technologies. The study focused on energy production technologies associated with hydrau-

Abstracts lic fracturing, enhanced oil recovery, and brine disposal. A review of case studies and specific findings are summarized, including the highlights of the 2012 National Academy of Sciences report on induced seismicity. Geologic and engineering factors that can influence induced seismic activity include (1) increased pore pressure, (2) changing in-situ stresses, and (3) the presence of faults. Some of the key factors that affect the potential for induced seismicity center on injection rates and duration, pore pressure, permeability, and fault properties and location. Details of these and other factors are highlighted in the study. The presentation concludes with approaches to assess and manage risk, steps toward the development of best practices such as Ohio DNR’s seismic monitoring strategy, and areas for further research.

WHAT’S SHAKING IN OHIO? USING WAVEFORM SIMILARITY TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER EARTHQUAKES ARE CAUSED BY DEEP WASTEWATER INJECTION WELLS Mike Brudzinski, [email protected]; Brian Currie, [email protected]; Robert Skoumal, skoumarj@ MiamiOH.edu; Stephen Holtkamp, [email protected]; and Chris Grope, [email protected] Miami University, Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Oxford, OH 45056 From March to December 2011, the Ohio Seismic Network (OSN) recorded 11 earthquakes in Youngstown, leading to speculation that the earthquakes were caused by wastewater injection. We developed a multiple station template matching (waveform cross correlation) algorithm, which can detect events ~10x smaller than traditional techniques. Utilizing only existing regional broadband seismometers 50-250 km from the earthquake source, we have detected >400 similar earthquakes in the Youngstown location, including 45 before the first event detected by OSN. Nearly all earthquakes occur during the commercial injection, and the cumulative number of earthquakes is proportional to the cumulative injection volume. Our hypocenters show the first events occurring close to the injection well and propagating WSW (consistent with the magnitude 4 event focal mechanism) at a rate of 1-2 km/y. Individual families of events show delay times of 1-6 days between injection volume fluctuations and seismicity rate variations, proportional to distance from the well, which we interpret to represent diffusivity in the now saturated fault zone. We envision that injection-related pore-fluid pressure increased in discontinuous permeable zones of an ancient basement fault system, reduced effective normal stress and permitted fault slip to occur. The Youngstown injection well was drilled ~200 feet into the Proterozoic crystalline basement and was completed “open hole,” potentially providing a pathway for injection fluids into the basement fault zone. While state records indicate there are currently over 210 wastewater injection wells in Ohio, only 34 have been drilled into Precambrian igneous/metamorphic rocks (23 completed “open hole”). We compared deep well locations with that of recent seismic events catalogued by OSN. Other than the Youngstown sequence, we have identified only a handful of earthquakes located within 10 km of a currently permitted deep injection well. Using our waveform matching algorithm, we can confirm that these are isolated earthquakes that do not form a sequence similar to Youngstown. However, a potential earthquake sequence of interest is a series of 6 earthquakes near Marietta detected by OSN between 2010 and 2012. While there is no well injecting into the basement in this region, there are several nearby injection wells including that among the largest volumes in the state. Preliminary investigation with our waveform matching algorithm reveals >100 earthquakes in this sequence, suggesting another potential relationship between seismicity and wastewater injection.

GEOLOGIC PARAMETERS TO BETTER UNDERSTAND MUDROCK (SHALE) RESERVOIRS Timothy R. Carr, Department of Geology and Geography, West Virginia University Morgantown, WV 26506, [email protected] Co-Authors: Taylor McClain, Liaosha Song, and Guochang Wang In the last ten years, tremendous progress has been made in the exploration and development of unconventional gas worldwide, especially in North America. The application of horizontal drilling and hydrological fracture stimulation technologies provide economic gas flow in extremely low porosity and permeability reservoirs. Numerous oil and gas plays in organic-rich mudrock (“shale”) are actively being developed across North America. In the United States shale gas production has risen from negligible quantities in 2000 to 7.5 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) in 2011 accounting for more than 30% of production, and is predicted to rise to 50% by 2040. In the northern Appalachia basin in the eastern United States of America, the organic-rich shale units the Ordovician Point Pleasant-Utica and Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale of the northern Appalachian basin are some of the most active shale gas/oil plays in the world. To date, successful mudrock plays have been primarily a function of drilling intensity and cost reductions and application of new technology (e.g., steerable rotary bits). Understanding of key reservoir engineering and geoscience parameters have lagged and represent important areas that can contribute to improved well architecture and optimal lateral placement. Subtle changes in mudrock reservoir properties include; the distribution of organic content, the “fracability” of the unit (min-

Abstracts eralogy and containment), structural discontinuities (faults), the present and past stress regimes, and the thermal maturity. In addition to dictating type of hydrocarbon fluid or gas present, thermal maturity has a critical influence on the development of the reservoir porosity and permeability system. Recently, established classification systems of pore structures for the Point Pleasant-Utica and Marcellus are compared considering types of fluid flow, development of pores, and production of reservoirs. The goal is to understand pore structure in mudrock reservoirs in order to evaluate the reservoir and predict the storage capacity and productivity. Migration of hydrocarbons from the matrix to the well bore is investigated from a geologic perspective.

GEOCHEMICAL TRACERS FOR CONSTRAINING THE HYDROGEOCHEMISTRY OF NATURAL GAS IN SHALLOW AQUIFERS Dr. Thomas Darrah, School of Earth Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH Horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing have enhanced energy production but raised concerns over drinking-water contamination and other potential health risks. Specifically, the presence and environmental implications of elevated methane and aliphatic hydrocarbons (ethane, propane, etc.) in drinking-water remain highly controversial and require a distinction between naturally occurring and anthropogenic sources. Previous efforts to resolve these questions have generally focused on identification of the genetic fingerprint of natural gas using the molecular (e.g., C2H6/CH4) and stable isotopic (e.g., δ13CCH4, δ2H-CH4, or Δ13C=(δ13C-CH4 - δ13C-C2H6)) compositions of hydrocarbon gases. In many cases, these techniques can resolve thermogenic and biogenic contributions of natural gas and further differentiate between multiple thermogenic sources (e.g., Marcellus production gases vs. intermediate Upper Devonian gas pockets). However, these parameters are subject to alteration by microbial activity and oxidation and may not always uniquely identify the source or mechanism of fluid migration. Moreover, they do not necessarily identify the transport mechanisms by which material would migrate into shallow aquifers. In contrast to hydrocarbon gases, noble gases provide a suite of elemental and isotopic tracers that are unaffected by chemical reactions or microbial activity. Here we develop an integrated noble gas and hydrocarbon isotope analysis to evaluate the geochemical signature of elevated levels of natural gas in drinking-water aquifers; this work will help us to develop a framework to determine the mechanism by which stray gas contamination occurs.

OHIO’S NEW CLASS II REGULATIONS: A CASE STUDY OF THE R E DISPOSAL #1 WELL Jeffrey C. Dick, PhD, Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences Youngstown State University, Youngstown, OH 44555, [email protected] The December 31, 2011 magnitude 4.0 seismic event in the vicinity of the Northstar #1 Class II injection well in Youngstown, Ohio caused the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Oil and Gas Resources Management (DOGRM) to shutdown Class II wells within a seven mile radius of the Northstar #1 well and place a hold on the issuance of new injection permits while evaluating existing underground injection control (UIC) Class II regulations. The evaluation resulted in new UIC Class II regulations that went into effect on October 1, 2012. DOGRM resumed issuing Class II permits based on the new regulations in November, 2012. The Northstar #1 Class II injection well is one of eight high-volume open hole completion type wells with exposure to Precambrian basement rock permitted and completed prior to implementation of the new regulations. Precambrian basement rock completions may be considered risky due to the potential for basement rock faulting that can be difficult to identify prior to well construction. Based in part on the geologic and seismologic evaluations of the Northstar #1 well, which identified a previously unknown basement rock strike-slip fault, the new regulations prohibit Precambrian basement rock completions. Depending on proposed injection well location and design, the new regulations may also require pre-injection and active injection seismic monitoring as well as other tests and evaluations. R E Gas Development, LLC acquired the Northstar Khalil #3 Class II injection well in 2012 and subsequently renamed the well as the R E Disposal #1. This well had a design similar to the Northstar #1 well including an open-hole completion into the Precambrian basement rock. The well is located approximately four and one half miles from the Northstar #1 and within the established seven mile radius no injection zone. In accordance with the new regulations, the Precambrian portion of the well was plugged back, a tracer survey was completed and a pre-injection seismic monitoring program was established. The seismic monitoring program identified two events (Mw 1.3 on July 5, 2013 and Mw 2.1 on November 12, 2013) in the vicinity of the Northstar #1 well. The seismic monitoring program will continue during active injection which is expected to commence in March 2014.

Abstracts ENERGIZING AMERICA: FACTS FOR ADDRESSING ENERGY POLICY Rayola Dougher, American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC The United States is at an historic turning point for the country and its energy policies. Technological innovations are changing the vision of our energy future resulting in new opportunities to put more people to work, boost domestic production, grow government revenue, and save many billions annually in imported energy costs. Many Americans lack a full understanding of the link between economic growth and the energy policy options we face in terms of fueling our future. Rayola Dougher, senior economic advisor for the American Petroleum Institute, will address the AIPG 5th Annual Symposium about how we can turn present-day energy and economic challenges into future opportunities that will make our country stronger for generations to come.

REVERSE ENGINEERING GAS MIGRATION CONDITIONS: A RESIDENTIAL WELL CASE STUDY Jesse Drummond, EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc. 225 Schilling Circle, Suite 400, Hunt Valley, MD 21031, [email protected] This presentation shares instructive results from aquifer test exercises performed in the course of a methane gas migration case assessment. While a primary goal of stray gas investigations is to determine the source of migrating gas, investigating parties should undertake a comprehensive characterization of the subject site, whenever possible. Analytical methods such as isotopic analysis may help to determine the source of the gas, however the migration pathways and the extent of impact can be more difficult and perhaps more important to identify. Any examination of impact to a potable well will be constrained by a combination of transitory conditions including the weather, well construction and productivity, and the frequency and intensity of well water usage. This presentation explains how investigatory methodologies such as manipulating the pressure conditions in a well have been used to recreate problematic conditions in a potable well and identify the migration pathway. Case Synopsis: A northern Pennsylvania property owner placed an inquiry concerning spurting in the water spigots during use. Interviews indicated that the potable well had been stressed (high-volume water usage) prior to the observed spurting phenomena. Initial response water sampling and air monitoring activities indicated stray gas migration was likely occurring, however the source of the methane and the extent of the impacts were undetermined. A sequence of pumping exercises were conducted while conditions in the well were monitored using a down-well camera, water level indicator, and combustible gas indicator. The well pumping and monitoring exercises used in this case enabled characterization of the precise conditions under which the gas influx was occurring. The down-well video camera visually confirmed that methane air bubbles were being released from one specific fracture; however, the degassing only occurred when the water level (head pressure) was reduced to a certain critical point. The information gathered from this assessment in conjunction with geophysical borehole data provided invaluable information for successful mitigation of the hazard.

COMMUNICATION OF METHANE ANALYSIS RESULTS AND MITIGATION INFORMATION TO PRIVATE WELL OWNERS IN OHIO Rebecca J. Fugitt, Bureau of Environmental Health, Ohio Department of Health 246 N. High St., Columbus, OH 43215, [email protected] Shallow natural gas commonly in the form of methane is present in geologic formations in Ohio that are commonly used as aquifers for drinking water supply in suburban and rural areas. Water wells drilled into geologic formations that also produce natural gas provide a migration pathway to enter homes causing conditions that range from a nuisance to a public health hazard. The presence of methane has impacted well owners by causing fizzing or bubbling water from the faucet, pump locking and water hammer, or explosive levels of gas accumulating in basements or other living areas. Until recently, there were no state standards or guidance for natural methane mitigation for water well owners. Water sampling prior to shale gas drilling has increased public awareness about methane in water wells and aquifers in Ohio. In 2011, the Ohio Department of Health (ODH) established a dissolved methane standard of 10 mg/l and approved methods of methane mitigation for private water systems. ODH has worked with industry and local health districts to develop methane mitigation guidance to provide information for contractors and local health districts on methane occurrence, the types of detectors used, sampling methods for air and water, reporting levels for results, who can sample and investigate the presence of natural gases, required action levels and methods for venting and/or reducing methane levels entering the home. ODH is working with the Ohio Water Well Association to schedule water well contractor training in 2014 on approved methods, materials and equipment for re-

Abstracts moval or reduction of methane levels for water wells. Information for well owners and the public will be distributed through fact sheets and disseminated through local health districts, county extension office, websites and social media. ODH has also partnered with OSU Extension and the Ohio EPA to develop a web-based water well interpretation tool for well owners based on their lab results from sampling their well. The tool, which is hosted on the OSU Watershed Network, provides information on water quality standards, natural background levels of constituents in ground water, treatment recommendations, and health effects.

CURRENT APPROACHES WITH RECYCLE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF FLOWBACK AND PRODUCED WATER Mark Gannon, PE, AMEC Environment & Infrastructure, 800 North Bell Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15106 Water is the most critical resource for developing unconventional gas wells. Unconventional shale gas well development generally requires the use of considerable quantities of water, particularly for hydraulic fracturing. Treatment of flowback and produced water presents many challenges to Operators with respect to environmental impacts, regulatory requirements, operational logistics, associated risks, cost and waste disposal. Operators are currently recycling almost all of the flowback and produced water (90% to 95%) generated during well completion operations by blending it with fresh water and reusing the combined water as hydraulic fracture water in another well. Operators are generally taking the following approach when recycling and disposing of flowback and produced water: • • • • •

Blend flowback and produced water with fresh water to reduce chemical contaminate levels. Add friction reducers, anti scalants and biocides for hydraulic fracture water makeup. Utilizing mobile water treatment technologies to remove or reduce certain constituents that cause scaling and fouling with well completions. Transport flowback water to permitted central treatment facilities for recycle or treatment prior to effluent discharge to permitted surface water sources. Transport flow back and produce water for permitted brine well disposal.

The costs and logistics of managing both fresh and flowback and produced water in shale gas plays are problematic. Treating flowback and produced water for re-use as frac fluid reduces the impact of key issues associated with shale gas water management including cost, truck traffic, water availability, and disposal availability. Effective treatment management of shale gas flowback and produced water requires some level of knowledge of the chemical composition of the water. Flowback and produced water contain salts, metals and organic compounds from the formation and the compounds that are introduced as additives to the influent hydraulic fracture (frac) stream. There is no equipment supplier that has the complete treatment solution yet, but many are developing treatment systems that provide Operators different methods for removal of constituents they require.

MORE RELIABLE AND LESS EXPENSIVE CASING SEALS IN KARST FORMATIONS Carl Keller, Flexible Liner Underground Tech. (FLUTe), Alcalde, NM, [email protected] Karst formations are a particular problem in drilling operations whether it is lost returns during the drilling or the grouting of the casing. The solution channels in karst steal the grout injected to seal the casing and can lead to very expensive grout volumes and an incomplete seal of the annulus between the formation and the casing. FLUTe has been using flexible borehole liners to seal boreholes against cross connection in contaminated ground water site investigations for over 15 years. These flexible liner can be used during the casing installation process for oil and gas wells to quickly seal the borehole wall prior to grouting. With the borehole lined with a strong impermeable flexible liner, there is no grout loss to the formation during the grouting of the casing annulus. Furthermore, there is no mixing of mud or formation fluids with the grout to compromise a high quality seal. The net result is a seal of the casing which is less expensive, and the seal quality is far better than without a pre-lined borehole. This improved seal prevents the access boring for oil or gas recovery from being a leak path to contaminate the potable aquifers above the production zone. A side benefit of the everting borehole liner is that it prevents the rise of explosive gases in the borehole during the grouting operation. Recent developments in the strength of these liners and improve-

Abstracts ments in installation procedures makes this a timely solution to an old problem. This presentation describes the process of installation of a flexible liner and how that method could be integrated with the normal grouting process. The industry is invited to consider this process as a major improvement in the reliability of the seal of boreholes against leakage of brines, gas or oil into overlying aquifers and a cost reduction in the grout required for that more reliable seal.

ADVANCED TREATMENT OF FLOWBACK WATER USING MAGNETIC BALLAST CLARIFICATION AND VORTEX GENERATING MEMBRANE SYSTEMS FOR DISCHARGE Behrang Pakzadeh1, Ph.D., P.E., Brian Mastin2, Ph.D., Bill Chatterton3, Austin Vaillancourt4, Jay Renew5, P.E., Jay Wos6, Dave Philbrook7, P.E., Joon Min8, Ph.D., and Charles Wardle9 1 Senior Civil and Environmental Engineer, Southern Research Institute, 317 Covered Bridge Road, Cartersville, GA 30120, [email protected]; 2Program Manager, Engineered Environmental Solutions, Southern Research Institute, 2000 Ninth Ave. South, Birmingham, AL 35205, [email protected]; 3 Program Manager-Technology Demonstration, Southern Research Institute, 5201 International Drive, Durham, NC 27712, [email protected]; 4Chemical Engineer, Southern Research Institute, 5201 International Drive, Durham, NC 27712, [email protected]; 5Senior Environmental Engineer, Southern Research Institute, 317 Covered Bridge Road, Cartersville, GA 30120, [email protected]; 6Water Research Manager, Southern Research Institute, 2000 Ninth Ave. South, Birmingham, AL 35205, [email protected]; 7M2 Water Treatment Inc., 3412 Yelverton Circle, Raleigh, NC 27612, [email protected]; 8President, BKT United, 1225 N. Patt St., Anaheim, CA 92801, [email protected]; 9 Project Manager, BKT United, 1225 N. Patt St., Anaheim, CA 92801, [email protected] Southern Research Institute, with project partners M2 Water Treatment, Inc. (Raleigh, NC) and BKT United (Anaheim, CA) received an award from RPSEA (Research Partnership to Secure Energy for America) to develop an innovative, costeffective, and robust approach for treatment of shale fracturing water that produces National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) quality water for discharge and/or reuse. This approach combines and optimizes four technologies, two for treating fracturing water and two for treatment and disposal of residues (i.e., high solid slurry and membrane concentrate) from these water treatment processes. Magnetic ballast clarification (MBC), vortex-generating nano-filtration (NF) membrane, and conventional reverse osmosis (RO) will be used to remove total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS), e.g., metals and naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMS) from flowback and produced waters. Residues containing metals, NORMs, and/or trace elements will be managed with hydrogel adsorbent. In parallel, precipitation will be used for NORMs removal from membrane concentrates followed by solidification/stabilization for landfill disposal. The proposed technologies are very efficient in managing low-salinity flowback waters. All wastewaters produced by drilling and hydraulic fracturing are regulated by the Clean Water Act (CWA). On a case-by-case basis, the Ohio EPA will examine the treatment of flowback waters with low TDS levels at public wastewater treatment plants as long as: (1) the flowback water contains 50,000 mg/L or less of total dissolved solids; (2) the wastewater treatment facility would modify its NPDES permit; and (3) in some cases, meets other requirements. The discharge from the treatment integrations will satisfy the EPA limits for discharge. This project began in May of 2013 and is anticipated to continue through May of 2015. Project tasks include bench-scale simulation, onsite field research/testing, and a feasibility analysis. Through development of a less expensive approach to frac water treatment, economic viability of producers, and environmental stewardship of fracking operations are more likely to be achieved and negative environmental impacts are likely to be reduced at local levels. This paper present the background and theory of the treatment processes used and provides an update on the latest developments of this project.

WATER WITHDRAWALS IN OHIO: BY THE NUMBERS Mitch Valerio, Mike Hallfrisch, P.E. - ODNR-DSWR-Water Inventory and Planning Program, Columbus, OH The Ohio Revised Code (Section 1521.16) requires the owner of a facility with the capacity to withdraw water at a quantity greater than 100,000 gallons per day to register that facility with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Soil and Water Resources (DSWR). Registrants are also required to report how much water was withdrawn at their facilities annually. Registered facilities are grouped by DSWR into various categories based on dominant water use type (e.g. hydraulic fracturing, power production, etc.). The number of new registrations submitted each year has increased dramatically from 2012 through the first quarter of 2014, primarily due to increasing hydraulic fracturing activity within the state. Prior to 2012, the number of new registrations accepted each year averaged approximately 29. In 2013, the number increased to 226. The

Abstracts total number of registered facilities that were oil or gas related increased from 0 in January 2010 to 59 in July 2012, to 289 in February 2014. As expected, the amount of water withdrawn by facilities associated with hydraulic fracturing has increased steadily in proportion to the number of registered facilities. However, hydraulic fracturing, when compared to the other water use categories, accounted for only 0.02% of total statewide withdrawal amounts in 2012, and is expected to remain low in 2013 after all of that year’s data are collected and analyzed. Geographically, newly-registered facilities since 2010 have tended to cluster around hydraulic fracturing activity in eastern Ohio, as well as the Ohio River. In the future, the number of new facility applicants is expected to remain high due to continued oil and gas activity in eastern Ohio.

WATER RESOURCES FOR SHALE OIL & GAS OPERATIONS IN OHIO Brent Winslow - CONSOL Energy/CNX Water Assets, LLC, Canonsburg, PA 1. Water Sources for Hydraulic Fracturing Operations A. Volumes 1) General amounts of freshwater required 2) General amounts of flow-back expected B. Sources 1) Local ponds 2) Local streams 3) Rivers 4) Lakes 5) Municipal water systems 6) Flow-back reuse 7) Groundwater wells 8) Wastewater effluent _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________

Presenter Biographies Caryl Alfaro, CPG - Earth Resource Systems, LLC, Milton, GA Email: [email protected] Caryl Alfaro is the President of Earth Resources Systems LLC. She holds a PG license in Georgia and is a CPG and PMP. She has a B.S. in Geology and MPPM, Master’s in Public and Private Management. She spent her early years in oil and gas exploration for a geophysical company based in Houston Texas. With the oil bust in the 80s, she went into environmental and worked for various engineering consulting firms: PELA, Ogden, URS, and Shaw. She has diverse field experience with drilling crews and sampling programs under NAVY CLEAN, RCRA and UST Programs. In all, she has spent around 15 years engaged in environmental site assessments, remediation, compliance, and environmental litigation support. She currently work full-time as a Program Manager in Healthcare IT while volunteering for ASTM as a section chair for the Reporting Section of the Hydraulic Fracturing Subcommittee. Fred Baldassare - ECHELON Applied Geochemistry Consulting, Murrysville, PA Email: [email protected] Mr. Fred Baldassare is a Senior Geoscientist and the owner of ECHELON Applied Geochemistry Consulting. Fred has more than 25 years of experience, and 20 years of experience investigating more than 200 incidents of stray gas migration. Fred previously worked for the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection as a geologist where he served as the statewide expert on isotope geochemistry, stray gas characterization and mitigation. Fred has developed a comprehensive and efficient methodology for evaluating geochemical and other investigative data. His process has proven consistently successful to interpret high value data and define complex geochemical interactions to quickly focus the investigation to identify gas origin and potential gas sources. Gas and groundwater geochemistry are synthesized and interpreted to determine gas origin, thermal maturity, mixing, and secondary processes including mixing, oxidation and diffusion. His methodology has been widely adopted by environmental consulting firms & regulatory agencies. Fred is an experienced researcher who has helped pioneer the application and advancement of isotope geochemistry to identify and distinguish the origin of different microbial and thermogenic gases in the Appalachian Basin. He was the lead author for the Marcellus Shale Coalition’s technical guidance manual for stray gas investigations, and Pennsylvania’s Oil & Gas regulations (25 PA. CODE CH. 78, §78,89) for stray gas incident response. Fred co-authored the first federal guidance manual on stray gas incident response: Department of Interior’s Technical Measures For The Investigation And Mitigation Of Fugitive Methane Hazards In Areas of Coal Mining. Fred has taught and lectured nationally on the application of isotope geochemistry and stray gas incident response, and at his alma maters, Penn State University and the University of Pittsburgh. Mark T. Baranoski - Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey, Columbus, OH Email: [email protected] Energy Resources Group, Ohio Division of Geological Survey, Ohio Department of Natural Resources since 1985. Working on Ohio Environmental Protection Agency Class 1 industrial waste injection permit reviews; and other studies related to Devonian, Silurian, Ordovician, and Cambrian stratigraphy and Precambrian structure. Research interests include basin analyses and regional tectonics using geophysical well logs, core, synthetic seismograms, and seismic reflection. Mark earned his B.S. and M.S. in geology at the University of Toledo. Bob Barrett - GeoStabilization International, Grand Junction, CO Email: [email protected] Bob Barrett, Founder, GeoStabilization International Bob Barrett is a Marshall University graduate and worked for over 30 years as a landslide specialist and as the chief geotech for design and construction of Interstate 70 across the Colorado Rockies. Bob was Manager of Geotechnical Research for the Colorado DOT and for the Colorado Transportation Institute, was a co-inventor of the Colorado Rockfall Simulation Program (CRSP), and received the 1991 Colorado Governor’s award for creativity and innovation in government service. He chaired the TRB Committee on Geosynthetics for 7 years, the NCHRP Panel on Sealing Geotechnical Boreholes, and NCHRP Panel 12-59, dealing with design of GRS bridge abutments. Bob was a member of the NCHRP Project Panel to develop seismic guidelines for GRS bridge abutments. He is a leading researcher in the Geotechnical area and holds patents for rockfall mitigation devices and Geosynthetically Confined Soil (GCS®) retaining wall innovations. He and his partner, Al Ruckman, have patents on Earthquake Wings for bridges and Scour Micropiles for Open Bottom Boxes and other applications. Bob and Colby Barrett hold other related patents in soil improvement. He was the former Manager of Bridge Design and Construction for Yenter Companies and now advises the Board of Directors of GSI. Bob and Al Ruckman were the recipients of the 1998 IFAI international design award for the design and construction of a 55-ft high GCS® retaining wall in Grand County, Colorado, and continue to enjoy solving difficult problems. Together, they have presented technology transfer programs on five continents on the subjects of GCS®, landslide mitigation, and rockfall control. They have constructed GCS® walls and abutments across the globe. Bob lives in Florida, Colorado and British Columbia with his wife, Linda.

Presenter Biographies Richard L. Boone, CPG - O’Brien & Gere, Cincinnati, OH Email: [email protected] Richard L. Boone, Technical Associate, O’Brien & Gere Mr. Boone is a Technical Associate with O’Brien & Gere in Cincinnati, Ohio. He is an experienced Project Manager and Hydrogeologist with more than 27 years of diversified consulting, regulatory, and research experience involving industrial/hazardous waste management, environmental due diligence, and groundwater resource investigations. As a former Senior Staff Hydrologist with the U.S. EPA, he conducted hydrogeologic technical review for a variety of classes of injection wells including brine injection wells in the Appalachian Basin and the oil & gas fields of central Mississippi. Mr. Boone is an active member of the Marcellus Shale Coalition as well as the Ohio Oil & Gas Association, and served as an expert on U.S. EPA’s Hydraulic Fracturing Technical Workshop on Well Construction/Operation and Subsurface Modeling. He is a Professional Geologist and has a BA in Geology from Miami University and a MS in Hydrology/Hydrogeology from the Mackay School of Mines, University of Nevada-Reno. Mike Brudzinski - Miami University, Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Oxford, OH Email: [email protected] Prof. Brudzinski earned a Ph.D. in Geophysics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and completed an endowed postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Wisconsin-Madison before joining Miami University in 2004. His scientific research is focused on the origins of hazardous earthquakes. He has maintained nearly a decade-long field experiment in southern Mexico to investigate how tectonic plates collide. He is also helping to uncover relationships between enhanced oil and gas recovery and earthquakes in the central and eastern US, focusing on recent seismicity in Ohio. Brudzinski’s educational focus is on developing active, engaging, e-learning courses, through assessment of inquiry-based learning, student engagement, and authentic scientific experiences in virtual classrooms. He has generated over $1.3 million in external funding at Miami to support the integration of research and teaching efforts, including a National Science Foundation Early CAREER Award. He has mentored over 20 students and postdocs resulting in national presentations, publications, and over $400K of student/ postdoc led funding and awards. Timothy R. Carr, PhD - Department of Geology and Geography, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV Email: [email protected] Timothy R. Carr is the first Marshal Miller Energy Professor at the West Virginia University. Current research projects are in the areas of unconventional resources, subsurface petroleum geology and geophysics, energy systems, carbon capture and storage, and developing online information systems to improve public access to petroleum information and technology. Prior to coming to West Virginia, Carr worked for the Kansas Geological Survey as chief of the Energy Research Section and as senior scientist for the Kansas Geological Survey at the University of Kansas. He was also co-director of the Energy Research Center and courtesy professor in the University of Kansas, Department of Geology. His experience also includes 13 years with Atlantic Richfield (ARCO), where he worked in a number of research, operations and management positions. At ARCO, Carr was involved in both exploration and development projects in locations including Alaska, the North Sea, East Greenland, California and Kansas. Carr has a bachelor’s degree in economics from the University of Wisconsin, a master’s in geology from Texas Tech University and a doctorate in geology from the University of Wisconsin. Tom Darrah, PhD - School of Earth Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH Email: [email protected] Tom Darrah, Ph.D., completed his B.S. in Geological Sciences from the University of Rochester in 2004 and his Ph.D. in Geochemistry from the University of Rochester, in 2009. He is currently an Assistant Professor in the School of Earth Sciences at The Ohio State University. Prior to joining the faculty at OSU, Dr. Darrah co-founded Smart Gas Sciences, LLC, which provided noble gas and general gas geochemistry analysis to the public and private sectors. Today, Smart Gas Sciences remains the only commercial vendor of noble gas analysis globally. Dr. Darrah has more than five years of industry and academic consulting experience with the oil and gas industry with a focus on geochemical methods in exploration, production, and environmental monitoring. Jeffrey C. Dick, PhD, MEM - Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, OH Email: [email protected] Dr. Jeffrey C. Dick is a Professor of Geology and Chair of the Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences at Youngstown State University. He also directs the College of STEM Natural Gas and Water Resources Institute. He received his Ph.D. degree in Applied Geology from Kent State University in 1992. Dr. Dick is an expert on eastern Ohio hydrogeology and Appalachian Region oil and gas exploration and production. His knowledge and understanding of water supply and contamination issues is based on more than 20 years of research and investigations. Recent funded research projects include: pre-Utica Shale drilling ground water quality baseline investigation for the Village of Gar-

Presenter Biographies rettsville, Ohio; removal of excess nutrients from surface water in agricultural areas using constructed wetland technology; and the performance evaluation of storm water quality treatment products. Dr. Dick’s oil and gas industry experience includes five years as a Gulf of Mexico petroleum geologist with Chevron USA and ten years as Director of Locust Energy Inc., an Ohio-based oil and gas investment company. In addition to these activities, he manages the seismic monitoring station at YSU which includes Ohio Seismic Network and U.S. Geological Survey seismographs. Rayola Dougher - American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC Email: [email protected] Rayola Dougher is a senior economic advisor at the American Petroleum Institute and is a member of API’s Media Relations Department. She is one of API’s principal spokespersons and covers a wide range of issues affecting the oil and natural gas industry, including crude oil and gasoline prices, industry taxes and earnings, exploration and production, hydraulic fracturing, and refining and marketing topics. Ms. Dougher has been interviewed on all the national network TV shows, as well as on numerous radio news shows, extensively quoted in newspapers and has testified before federal and state legislators. Prior to joining API, Ms. Dougher was at the Institute for Energy Analysis where her research focused on carbon dioxide related issues and international energy demand and supply forecasts. She holds a Masters degree in Economic Development and East Asian studies from the American University and a Bachelors degree in History and Political Science from the State University of New York at Brockport. Jesse Drummond, MEM - EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc., Hunt Valley, MD Email: [email protected] Mr. Drummond is a research scientist and a consulting geologist with EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc., as a member of their Site Characterization and Remediation group. He received a Bachelor’s of Science degree from James Madison University, double-majoring in Geology and Anthropology. His environmental assessment experience includes hydrogeological and geophysical investigations for commercial and industrial clients as well as for federal, state, and local government projects. In 2010, under USGS and Virginia DMME research grants, Jesse developed and executed a bedrock mapping project reinterpreting the structural geology and stratigraphy of the Luray, VA 7.5 Minute Quadrangle. In 2011 and 2012 he worked with a team of environmental professionals to evaluate and monitor water-quality conditions at over 100 residential locations in Pennsylvania, New York, and Ohio. Projects included residential well sampling, stray-gas investigations, remedial action implementation, and permitting/ regulatory compliance support. Rebecca J. Fugitt - Bureau of Environmental Health, Ohio Department of Health, Columbus, OH Email: [email protected] Rebecca Fugitt has B.S. and M.S. degrees in Geological Sciences from Ohio University with specialization in hydrogeology, and is a Registered Sanitarian in the state of Ohio. Rebecca is currently Program Manager of the Residential Water and Sewage Program at the Ohio Department of Health which regulates private water systems and sewage treatment systems. For the last 15 years, Rebecca has been working at ODH on program improvements and implementation including legislation and rule revisions, enforcement and training. Mark Gannon, PE - AMEC Environment & Infrastructure, Pittsburgh, PA Email: [email protected] Mr. Gannon works for AMEC (environmental and engineering consulting company) as a Principal Engineer – Water Resources, in their Carnegie, PA office location. Mr. Gannon, a professional mechanical engineer by background, has over 25 years of experience engineering and project managing industrial and municipal water/wastewater treatment system and equipment projects. For the past 5 years, he has served the oil & gas industry in the Marcellus and Utica Shale plays. Mr. Gannon graduated from the University of Pittsburgh. Christopher Guith - Institute for 21st Century Energy, U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Washington, DC Email: [email protected] Christopher Guith is vice president for policy at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce’s Institute for 21st Century Energy. He is responsible for developing the Institute’s policies and initiatives as they apply to the legislative, executive, and regulatory branches of the federal and state governments. In particular, Guith leads the development of the Institute’s policies and messaging relating to oil and natural gas and nuclear energy. Notably, he led the Chamber’s Shale Works for US campaign, which analyzed and promoted the widespread benefits of shale energy development in America. Guith offers expertise on an array of energy and environmental issues. He educates policymakers, businesses, energy stakeholders,

Presenter Biographies coalitions, and the public about the importance of a diversified energy portfolio and how it can ensure an efficient, reliable, prosperous, and secure energy future. He also leverages his broad energy expertise as a spokesperson with local, state, and national media. Guith travels frequently to speak to small and large stakeholder groups, raising awareness of the impact of policy decisions on America’s energy future and encouraging groups to share their perspectives with policymakers. In addition, he consults with state and local chambers of commerce and business groups, advising them on how to quantify the importance of safe, reliable, American energy to their businesses, and how to amplify that message when communicating with energy decision-makers. Prior to joining the Chamber in 2008, Guith served as the deputy assistant secretary for nuclear energy at the U.S. Department of Energy, where he developed the administration’s nuclear energy policies and coordinated the Department’s interactions with Congress, stakeholders, and the media. He was also the deputy assistant secretary for congressional affairs at DOE. While there, Guith was a chief representative of the administration during the drafting and debate of the Energy Policy Act of 2005. Earlier in his career, Guith served as Congressman Bob Barr’s legislative director and Congressman Tim Murphy’s counsel and policy advisor. He was also the legislative counsel for the Environment, Technology & Regulatory Affairs at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. Guith is a graduate of Syracuse University-College of Law and the University of California-Santa Barbara. Carl Keller - Flexible Liner Underground Tech. (FLUTe), Alcalde, NM Email: [email protected] Carl Keller received his Bachelors and Masters degrees in physics, math, and engineering science from Valparaiso University and the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. He designed underground nuclear test systems from 1966 -1996. He holds 19 patents concerning vadose zone and groundwater monitoring and other flexible liner methods. He established Flexible Liner Underground Technologies (FLUTe®) in 1996. Peter MacKenzie, CPG - Ohio Oil & Gas Association Email: [email protected] Peter MacKenzie serves as the Vice President of Operations for the Ohio Oil & Gas Association. Pete is responsible for managing all day-to-day internal operations regarding the Association. Pete is a US Army and National Guard Veteran, earned his Geological Sciences B.S. degree from the Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio. A voracious appetite for field geology has taken him through most of the fifty states, into Canada, culminating with work on Permian and Triassic clastic rocks of the Geologists Range in the Trans-Antarctic Mountains in Antarctica. Pete has been successfully directing exploration activities in the Appalachian Basin for oil and natural gas resources for nearly 20 years. He is a pioneering advocate for the use of 3d seismic and advanced technologies in the Appalachian Basin for the exploitation of exploration-class oil and gas reserves. He is a member of several Professional Societies, SIPES, AAPG, and AIPG, member of the Independent Producers Association of America (IPAA). He is a past President of the Eastern Section of the AAPG, is currently Chair of the Board of Governors for the AAPG GeoDC Washington DC Office and AAPG Advisory Council representative for the Eastern Section, and a Trustee of the Ohio Academy of Science. Behrang Pakzadeh, PhD, PE - Southern Research Institute, Cartersville, GA Email: [email protected] Dr. Ben Pakzadeh is a Senior Civil and Environmental Engineer with Southern Research Institute. Ben is a registered professional civil engineer (PE) and has over six years of experience in the power, upstream oil & gas, and municipal water & wastewater industries. Currently, he evaluates technologies for flowback and produced water treatment to produce NPDES quality water. In addition, he examines various technologies for FGD wastewater treatment to address the proposed effluent guidelines for the steam electric power generating category. Ben received his PhD in Civil and Environmental Engineering from the University of Nevada (UNLV). He has a Master’s degree in Environmental Engineering from Technical University of Denmark and a Bachelor’s in Civil Engineering from SUT in Iran. Mitch Valerio - Ohio Department of Natural Resources, DSWR-Water Inventory and Planning Program, Columbus, OH Email: [email protected] Mitch is an environmental scientist in the Water Inventory and Planning Program at the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Soil and Water Resources. He manages the water withdrawal registration database and tracks statewide water usage. Mitch has a bachelor’s degree in environmental science from Ohio State and a master’s degree in environmental science from the University of Idaho.

Presenter Biographies Brent Winslow - CONSOL Energy/CNX Water Assets, LLC, Canonsburg, PA Email: [email protected] Brent has over thirty years of civil engineering related experience serving in both the public and private sectors. He has been involved with the upstream and midstream oil & gas projects in the Marcellus play since early 2009 and the Utica shale since 2011. Utilizing Brent’s prior public sector experience and knowledge of local government operations, his current focus as the Utica Area Water Manager for CONSOL Energy is on developing large scale water resource infrastructure projects in the eastern Ohio region with an emphasis on coordinating public/private partnerships in order to provide beneficial opportunities for economic development. Brent is a Registered Professional Surveyor in Ohio and holds a degree from the University of Akron. He has experience with various types of engineering projects relating to the design of water lines, roads, natural gas pipelines and wells, bridges, storm sewers, sanitary sewers, buildings, and treatment plants throughout Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. Through his dedicated involvement with the Ohio Oil & Gas Association, Brent has attained the Chairmanship of the Water Resources Workgroup, along with membership on the Environmental Committee. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

Notes ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

The American Institute of Professional Geologists (AIPG) was founded in 1963 to certify the credentials of practicing geologists and to advocate on behalf of the profession. AIPG represents the professional interests of all practicing geoscientists in every discipline. Its advocacy efforts are focused on the promotion of the role of geology and geologists in society. AIPG presently has more than 5,500 members in the U.S. and abroad, organized into 36 regional Sections. The Institute adheres to the principles of professional responsibility and public service. AIPG emphasizes competence, integrity and ethics. AIPG, 12000 Washington St., Suite 285, Thornton, CO 80241. (303) 412-6205 - [email protected] - www.aipg.org