Social Studies 11

Government Unit Test Review (B)

Please define each of the following terms. You may use either your Counterpoints textbook or the Student Workbook. PLEASE NOTE THAT YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR KNOWING THE INFORMATION BETWEEN THE BLANKS AS WELL! Key Vocabulary: Chapter 9: Government Structure pp.218-247 Totalitarianism: • A regime in which the state regulates _______________________________________________ Totalitarian regimes mobilize entire populations in support of the state and a political ideology, and do not tolerate _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ • totalitarian regimes maintain their monopoly of power through o _______________________________________________ o _______________________________________________ of the mass media o centralized state planning and _________________________________________ o pervasive _____________________________to spread ____________________ __________________________________________________________________ Explain how a totalitarian regime can be located at either end of the political spectrum. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Fascism: • the term fascism has come to mean any system of government that in various combinations: o exalts the nation and party ___________________________________________ o stresses loyalty to _________________________________________and submission to ______________________________________________________ o engages in economic totalitarianism through the creation __________________ _________________________________________________________________ • characterized by o ___________________________________ o secret police o demonstrations of ____________________ •

e.g. Hitler’s Germany, Mussolini’s Italy

Communism: • a theoretical system of social organization and a political movement based on ___________ ___________________________________________________________________________ This includes factories, machines, tools and materials, and infrastructure. Social Studies 11

Government Unit Test Review (B)

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Liberalism: • an ideology, philosophical view, and political tradition which holds that __________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ • emphasizes __________________________________________________________________ • seeks a society characterized by o freedom of ___________________ for ___________________________ o limitations on ______________________ (especially of government and religion) o the rule _________________________________________ o the free exchange of _______________________________ o a market economy that supports ______________________________________ o a transparent system of ________________________in which the rights ______ _________________________________________________________________ • modern liberals favour a liberal democracy with open and fair elections, where all citizens have equal rights by law and an equal opportunity to succeed • at the ________________________________ of the political spectrum • supports change when most people want it • government should try to improve the lives of citizens Which federal Canadian political party falls into this category? _________________________________ Conservatism: • a _____________________________ wing ideology that believes government should play a ___________________________________in the lives of people. • ______________________________ is important and _____________ should only be accepted cautiously Which federal Canadian political party falls into this category? _________________________________ Socialism: • a political and economic system in which the means of production and distribution in a country are ______________________________________ for the ___________________________of all members of society • a ______________________wing political ideology that believes that government should play a ____________________________________________________________________________ • it would _____________________________ change in order to improve the lives of citizens Which federal Canadian political party falls into this category? _________________________________ Democracy: • A government where political power is fully ______________________________________ Direct Democracy: • every _______________________________ participates by _________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

Social Studies 11

Government Unit Test Review (B)

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Representative Democracy:  A governmental system in which the citizens exercise their power through ____________ __________________________________________________________________________ Constitution: • a legal document that outlines __________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ • it is the supreme _____________________________________________________________ • outlines the structure of our government and defines and ____________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Constitutional Monarchy: • a government in which the monarch has __________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ List all of the four definitions above that apply to Canada: __________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Parliamentary Democracy: • a democracy in which the legislative powers (the ability to make and change laws) lies ______ ____________________________________________________________________________ • in Canada, this is the ________________________________________ and the ____________ • in Canada, Parliament must meet at least __________________________________________ Executive Branch: • the branch of the government that has the power to _____________________________ and ________________________________________ them (be in charge of them) • for example, at the provincial level, deciding how many exams a student must write in order to graduate Legislative Branch: • the branch of the government that has the power to ____________________________ and ____________________________ them Judicial Branch: • the branch of government that has the power to _____________________________ (make sense of …) and ______________________________________(be in charge of …) the laws • it is separate from the other two to ensure _______________________________________ House of Commons: • in Canada, one of the _______________________ of Parliament; the _____________________ • its members are ____________________________________ Riding/Constituency: • an ________________________________; federally they consist of approx. _______________ citizens Social Studies 11

Government Unit Test Review (B)

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•

when the eligible voters in a riding elect a ______________________, that person takes his/her ________________________________ in the House of Commons/Parliament

Senate: • part of the legislative branch, but separate from _______________________________ • the _______________________/chamber • members (Senators) are ______________________________ • its main role is to provide a ___________________________________ (sober second thought) on the laws passed in the House of Commons • the Senate also has the right to ________________________________bills, debate them and pass them, but this is rare • the Senate is also a place of __________________________________ representation Prime Minister/Premier: • the Head of ________________________________________ • the leader of the political party with the most _________________________ or elected _______________________ in the ___________________________ becomes the Prime Minister Speaker of the House: • debates in the House of Commons are _____________________________by the Speaker, who is also an ______________________________ member of parliament • s/he oversees the ____________________ and ______________________operation of parliament by ______________________________________ to everyone fairly Leader of the Official Opposition: • the leader of the political party with ____________________________ of members or elected/seats Official Opposition: • the Opposition consists of ____________________________________________________ • the job of the opposition _____________________________________________________ • it helps to ensure ____________________________________________________________ Party Whip: • the person in each party responsible for ensuring _________________________________ ___________________________________________________and that each person _____ __________________________________________________________________________ Caucus: • a private meeting of _____________________________________of a __________________ • members can discuss _______________________________________, since outsiders are not permitted in caucus meetings • however, in public, members are required to _______________________________________

Social Studies 11

Government Unit Test Review (B)

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Cabinet: • part of the _______________________________ branch • usually made up of _______________________________________, chosen by the __________________________ to be in charge of a particular _________________ _________________________________such as Finance, Defence, Health, etc.  the PM can also choose a ________________________________ to be a Cabinet Minister, but this is rare • the choices are based on _________________________________________, as well as the __________________________________, _______________________ (i.e. French/English) and ________________________________________ diversity of the nation • Cabinet Ministers are often responsible for _____________________________ to Parliament (a part of their legislative duties) Cabinet Solidarity: • Cabinet Ministers must display ____________________________________and the _____________________ the government in public, demonstrating that the government is __________________________________________________________________________ Shadow Cabinet Critic: • the Leader of the Official Opposition chooses elected members to be responsible for certain departments as well • this Shadow Cabinet ___________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Free Vote: • on rare occasions, the House of Commons may be open to a free vote, in which case ______ ___________________________________________________________________________, instead of according to party policy Budget Debate: • one of the most important bills put forward by the government (party in power) is the budget • if the budget is not passed by parliament, the governing party is considered to have lost ____ _______________________________________________________and by extension the people of the country and ______________________________________________________ • this is also called a Vote of ______________________________________________________ Patronage: • a form of _________________________ for _______________________________________ • Senate appointments are often considered a form of patronage, which creates doubt ___________________________________________________________________________ Senate Reform/Triple E Senate: • because the Senate is _____________________, not ______________________, many people feel that there should be a change to the way the Senate operates • they argue that the Senate should be made ___________________, _____________________, and _____________________________ Social Studies 11

Government Unit Test Review (B)

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Governor General/Lieutenant Governor: • the Head of _________________________________ in our government; a member of the _________________________________________ Branch • the representative of the Monarch, appointed by the _________________________ on the recommendation of the ______________________________________ • the position is largely _____________________________, but the Governor General must give ______________________________________________ to each bill before it becomes a law Speech from the Throne: • this speech is written by the ___________________________________ but delivered by the ___________________________________________________________________________ • it lays out the plans the governing party has for the _________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Backbencher/Member of Parliament/Member of the Legislative Assembly: • those elected to the federal House of Commons or the provincial Legislative Assembly • a backbencher is a member who is not a _____________________________________ Steps in Passing a Bill: • after being drafted (written) usually by a ________________________________ but sometimes by a backbencher or __________________________, a bill (pending law) is given First Reading • once the parties have been given the opportunity to ___________________________, it is given Second Reading, at which time _____________________________________takes place • the bill is then sent to the _________________________________________, at which it is more _________________________________ and refined; the committees consist of _______ _____________________________________________________________________________ • the bill is then presented for Third Reading, after which a _____________________ takes place • if the bill is passed, it goes to the ________________________ for the ____________________ • if it is passed in the Senate, it is given to the Governor General for________________________ __________________________ • it is very rare for the Senate not to pass a bill, but if this does occur, it is usually _____________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Vote of Non-Confidence: • in matters considered of great importance, such as budgets, if the governing party is defeated i.e. the law is not passed, it is considered a vote of non-confidence in the government, and the Prime Minister must ____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

Social Studies 11

Government Unit Test Review (B)

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Key Vocabulary: Chapter 10: Citizen and Government pp.248-269 Political Party: • a group of people who share a ___________________________________________ (ideology) • parties act as a way of __________________________________________________________ • parties are generally thought of being left, centre or right on the political spectrum Party Platform: • the _____________________ and ________________________ of a particular political party Electoral Process:  In Canada, elections must be held ______________________________________________  However, a Prime Minister can ________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ Voter Apathy:  Voter apathy is defined as ____________________________________________________  It is reflected in the low percentage of voters who participate in elections. The voter turnout ranges from ________________ to ______________ percent. Explain how someone who doesn’t vote can make the votes of other people more influential. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ First Past the Post System: • the electoral system in place in Canada (federally, provincially and municipally) • the winner must win _____________________________________________, not necessarily the _______________________________________________________ of the votes cast Proportional Representation: • an electoral system in which the number of seats a party wins is _______________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Majority Government: • is formed when the governing party has ___________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ • it is ____________________________ to pass laws, since even if _______________________ ___________________________________________________________, it can still be passed Minority Government: • is formed when the governing party has more seats _____________________________, but fewer than _________________________ of the seats in Parliament or the Legislature • it is more difficult to pass laws, since ______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Social Studies 11

Government Unit Test Review (B)

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Explain how it is possible for a government to have a majority of the seats with only a minority of the votes. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Pressure Groups/Lobbyists: • groups who wish to ___________________________________________________________ o institutionalized: those who are well established and have formal organizations i.e. Greenpeace, Sierra Club, Amnesty International o issue-oriented: those formed to accomplish certain aims, then disband after they have accomplished them • •

some lobbyists are paid _________________________________________________ in order to represent their views they are often professionals with a great deal of knowledge on the particular subject

Explain how lobbyists and pressure groups can negatively affect democracy. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Mass Media: • The mass media include ________________________________________________________ • They are the chief methods of ___________________________________________________ • They are able to influence government policies by ___________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Media Concentration: • Media concentration means that ________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ • It can be dangerous to democracy because ________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Civil Disobedience: • the act of ____________________________________________________ one considers unjust • it must _________________________________________________________________ • it should be directed ______________________________________________________ • it must include a _________________________________________________________ Social Studies 11

Government Unit Test Review (B)

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