Platinum Group Minerals Sampling and Analytical Methods and Tables Addendum to Smith, R. C., II, and Barnes, J. H., 2012, Geochemistry and mineralogy of platinum group elements in some chromite occurrences in the State Line District, Chester and Lancaster Counties, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 41, no. 3/4, p. 3–13.

This section and the tables below (Tables 1 through 4) supplement the article “Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Platinum Group Elements in Some Chromite Occurrences in the State Line District, Chester and Lancaster Counties, Pennsylvania” (Smith and Barnes, 2012, Pennsylvania Geology, v. 41, no. 3/4, p. 3–13). Using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectrometry analysis (SEM/EDS), we have analyzed approximately 36 polished sections of chromite which yielded platinum group minerals (PGM). These sections were made from approximately 24 chromite ore samples from the Pennsylvania portion of the State Line District, Lancaster and Chester Counties, Pa. Table 2 of Smith and Barnes (2008) provides standardless SEM/EDS analyses for different chromite samples from many of these same deposits. Figure 2 of that article provides Cr/(Cr+Al) versus Mg/(Mg+Fe2+) for classification of those chromites using the method of Stowe (1994). Polished sections were made inhouse using low-technology methods and were not all perfectly polished. On a few polished sections, grains to be analyzed had to be carefully selected. Despite our efforts, occasional grains yielded high spectral backgrounds or low count rates, possibly resulting from poor grain geometry, and were rejected. Sperrylite and sperrylite-like minerals in particular seemed to be brittle. Platinum arsenide and RuOs-Ir sulfide grains were very common in many samples and the smaller grains of them were not fully analyzed. Most of the PGM-bearing chromite samples were collected from mine dumps and therefore can presently be classified only as massive chromite. The remainder were collected from outcrops and appear to be banded. Massive chromite samples from many deposits and the few, richly disseminated chromite samples studied were found to be barren with respect to PGM using our methods. The analyses reported in the present article were done on a Hitachi S-2600N variable pressure scanning electron microscope equipped with a Quartz XOne EDS system. Scanning for high atomic number grains was done at 80X magnification with subdued lighting. Using a backscatter detector, which shows the brightness of objects as a function of atomic number (Z), bright grains, relative to chromite, tended to be sulfides, brighter grains were arsenides, and the brightest were platinum-groupelement- (PGE-) bearing minerals. Analyses were mostly conducted at either 400X or 1000X after focusing at twice the respective magnification. The electron beam accelerating voltage was standardized at 20,000 volts. To eliminate the need for sample coating that would interfere with the analytical results, all samples were analyzed uncoated with the instrument operating in variable-pressure mode, using a pressure of 10 pascals. Massive chromites required moderate additional grounding using electrically conductive copper tape to prevent minor electrical charge buildup. Samples containing isolated chromite grains required copper tape around the entire perimeter to avoid beam drift. For grains estimated to have a net atomic number higher than that of pyrite, software calculations were done using a ZAF technique. For lower Z grains, such as chromite, software calculations were run using a ␸(␳z) technique. Precision appeared to be as good as the 2 sigma counting errors estimated by the software. Also, grains of the more common compounds tended to yield subscripts similar to two or more significant figures even if obtained from different samples run during different analytical sessions. Accuracy can best be judged from the analyses reported in Table 4, which includes our analyses of a range of similar minerals from better known deposits. Perhaps the stoichiometry we report therein will also assist in evaluation of accuracy. Most grains yielded small-integer whole-number subscripts.

Initial peak elemental identification provided by the software was only fair to good. In many cases, identification was overridden by intuition developed while analyzing PGE-bearing samples from better known deposits, recognizing other peaks from the same element, or geochemical intuition as to which elements are likely to be found together. Also, prior to the present study, many PGE-bearing samples were run to hone our skills. Few sum peaks were recognized during the present study, but we cannot rule out that we have missed some. For many samples, Cr and Fe peaks believed to be skirt effects and/or polishing smear from the host chromite were ignored. For grains likely to actually contain minor to major Fe, the adjacent chromite was analyzed for Fe/Cr ratio and the Fe content of the grain being analyzed was accordingly reduced mathematically. A surprisingly large number of known PGM were identified from the district. In addition, a still larger number of believable PGE compounds having reasonable and typically precise stoichiometry were observed. Many had already been reportedly synthesized in the laboratory during research on catalysts and other topics. It is not our intent to propose these PGE compounds as new species, but only to spur on other researchers who may have already observed them. We have attempted herein to present the apparent formulas enclosed in quotation marks to further distinguish them from recognized mineral species. References Smith, R. C., II, and Barnes, J. H., 2008, Geology of the Goat Hill serpentine barrens, Baltimore Mafic Complex, Pennsylvania: Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science, v. 82, no. 1, p. 19–30. Stowe, C. W., 1994, Compositions and tectonic settings of chromite deposits through time: Economic Geology, v. 89, p. 528–546.

Table 1. Mineral Species and Compounds Identified From the State Line District, Chester and Lancaster Counties, Pennsylvania1 Mineral species and compounds (Au,Cu).45(Pd,Sb).55 (Au,Cu)4(Pd,Sb)5? (Au,Pd).66(Cu,Ni).34 Arsenopalladinite Pd8(As,Sb)3 Baddeleyite (Zr,Hf)O2 Bornite Cu5FeS4 Braggite (Pt,Pd,Cu,Ni,Ir)S

(Cu,Pt,Ir,Rh,Pd,Ni,Os)2S3 Digenite Cu9S5 Erlichmanite (Os,Ru,Ir)S2 Ferronickelplatinum (Pt,Ir,Pd).53Ni.24Fe.23 Galena PbS Godlevskite (Ni,Fe)9S8 “Godlevskite, iridian”? Heazlewoodite Ni3S2

Heazlewoodite, palladian Hollingworthite (Rh,Pt,Ir)AsS Irarsite (Ir,Rh,Pt)AsS, but variable platinum group elements after Ir

SEM number Comments S11-002-052 An intermetallic compound previously known from synthetic catalyst studies S11-069-050 S11-043-008 New mineral for Pennsylvania Analyses in Smith and Barnes (2008),2 article on the geology of Goat Hill S11-002-022 S11-065-022 S11-013-001 S11-057-013 S11-065-020

New mineral for Pennsylvania. Cannot entirely rule out cooperite, but high substitution by Pd (Pt:Pd mol::0.63:0.37) supports braggite.

S11-033-003 S11-073-008 S10-065-049 S11-008-001 S10-064-007 S11-017-031

New mineral for Pennsylvania New mineral for Pennsylvania

S11-007-001 S10-041-001 S11-030-022 S11-068-019 S11-073-026 S10-053-007 S10-065-007 S10-065-015 S10-065-033 S10-065-042 S11-013-003 S10-064-024 S11-023-007 S11-057-003 S10-064-010 S11-035-007 S11-015-030 S11-023-001

New mineral for Pennsylvania

Previously reported by Smith and Speer (1980a)3 for other localities

New mineral for Pennsylvania

New mineral for Pennsylvania

Mineral species and compounds (Ir,Cu,Rh,Pt,Ni,Co)S2 IrOsRu “Iridisite” (Ir,Os,Ni)S2 (Ir,Pt,Rh,Ni)3(As,S)5 (Ir,Rh)3(S,As)7 (Ir,Rh,Pt)4(As,S)3 (Ir,Rh,Pt)4(As,S,Sb)7 Ir(S,As)3 Ir(S,As)4 Iron (Fe,Co,Ni,Ir,Pt) Kotulskite (Pd,Ni,Cu,Co,Pt)3(Te,As,S,Bi) Laurite (Ru,Os,Ir)S2 Majakite PdNiAs Malanite Cu(Pt,Ir,Rh,NiCu)2S4 Maucherite Ni11(As,S,Sb)8 Melonite (Ni,Pd)Te2 Menshikovite Pd3Ni2As3 Mertieite-II? Pd8(Sb,As)2 Millerite NiS

Monazite Naldrettite (Pd,Ni)2Sb

SEM number Comments S10-050-032 S10-050-030 New mineral for Pennsylvania S11-008-011 Previously reported from China but rejected by International Mineralogical Association (IMA) S11-022-001 S11-018-008 S11-023-027 S11-018-006 S11-002-034 S11-030-010 S11-027-034 S11-040-033 New mineral for Pennsylvania S11-040-035 S11-013-061 New mineral for Pennsylvania S10-053-033 S11-019-005 S11-045-005 S11-069-047 S11-069-056 S11-047-032

New mineral for Pennsylvania

S10-050-013 S11-011-085 S11-068-029 S11-009-034

Reported by Smith and Speer (1980b)4 for Wood Mine and other localities New mineral for Pennsylvania. 2.5% Pd and 0.7% Pt. New mineral for Pennsylvania

S11-043-006 S11-024-012

New mineral for Pennsylvania

New mineral for Pennsylvania

An extremely messy “group” of minerals

S10-065-036 S11-029-031 S11-002-028 S11-068-001 S11-003-001 S11-011-017 S11-011-036 S11-072-016

New mineral for Pennsylvania

Mineral species and compounds Ni3As2

Ni2S (Ni,Cu,Fe,Ir,Pt,Pd)2S3 Nickeline (Ni,Co)(As,Sb)

(Ni,Fe,Rh,Co)5S4 Ni7(Pb,Ni)4S5 (Ni,Pt,Pd)3S4 (Ni,Ru,Ir,Pt,Os)(S,As)2 Omeiite (Os,Ru,Ir)(As,S)2 Orcelite Ni5-xAs2 where x=0.23 Osarsite? Os,Ru)AsS Osmium (Os,Ir) (Os,Ru,Cu,Ir)2S3 Palladium? (Pd,Cu,Ni).91(As,Te,Sn).09 (Pd,Au)9(Ni,Cu,Zn)8 (Pd,Ni)3As(Te,Bi) Pd3As3 =PdAs (Pd,Ni)4As Palladoarsenide Pd2(As,Sb) (Pd,Rh,Ir)(S,As)2 Pd2S PdS2 Pd3Sb Stibiopalladinite (Pd,Cu,Ni)5Sb2

SEM number Comments S10-065-038 S10-052-019 S10-052-029 S10-054-017 S11-005-012 S10-050-001 S11-033-005 S11-011-049 New mineral for Pennsylvania S11-013-051 S11-069-004 S11-068-012 S10-049-023 S10-053-018 1:1 shandite and millerite? S11-049-017 S11-049-019 S11-027-036 New mineral for Pennsylvania S07-054-021

S11-027-029

New mineral for Pennsylvania. Associated with polydymite and millerite. Omeiite? Previously reported by Smith and Barnes (2008)2

S11-069-001 S11-025-012 S11-072-001 S11-072-003 S11-024-003 S10-054-039 S11-031-022 S11-069-028 S11-025-016 S11-045-003 S10-053-035 S11-073-012 S11-013-020 S10-054-013 S10-052-016 S11-002-054 S11-030-036 S11-013-038 S11-013-048

Native palladium alloy?

UM 2007-04-As:Pd5 New mineral for Pennsylvania

New mineral for Pennsylvania

Mineral species and compounds Pd3STe Pd6(S,Te)5 (Pd,Cu,Ni)7(Sb,As)4 Pd6Sn Pd2(Te,Bi)3 (Pd,Ir,Pt,Ni)3(S,Bi)4 Platinum (Pt,Ir) (Pt,Ir).68(Fe,Ni,Co).32 Polydymite Ni2+Ni3+S4

(Pt,Pd,Ir)3(Fe,Cu,Ni,Co)2 Pt3S2

Pt3S5 Pt2As3 Pt3As5 Pt3As7

(Pt,Pd,Cu,Rh)2(As,S)5 (Pt,Pd)2(Fe,Cu) (Pt,Rh,Cu,Ir)3S2 “Rhodarsite”??? (Rh,Ir)3(As,S)7? (Rh,Cu,Ru,Pt,Ir,Ni)(S,As)2 Rh(As,S)2

SEM number Comments S11-073-014 S11-073-033 S11-073-010 S11-069-052 S10-054-045 S11-013-061 S11-008-013 S11-020-015 New mineral for Pennsylvania. Formula listed may not be meaningful. S11-022-016 Unnamed mineral known from Ethiopia; Oman; and Noril’sk, Russia S11-015-006 New mineral for Pennsylvania S11-045-030 S11-002-013 S07-054-009 S11-066-020 S11-066-018 Known from Nizhny Tagil, Russia S10-053-037 Previously reported from Russia, but not approved by International Mineralogical Association (IMA) S10-054-002 S11-002-018 S11-020-001 S10-054-030 S10-054-034 S11-002-030 S10-056-026 S11-020-002 S11-020-006 S11-024-028 S11-022-024 S11-069-013 S11-072-014 S11-023-031 S11-022-024 S11-023-029 S11-031-033 S10-053-037 S11-002-045 S11-057-003 S11-025-010

Mineral species and compounds Rh(As,S)3

Rh(As,S)4 ~Rh3As4S4 (Rh,Ir)3(As,S)7 Rh4As5? (Rh,Ir)3S4As7 Rh4S4As4 Rh4As5S5 (Rh,Ir,Pd)S2 (Rh,Cu)7(Sb,Sn)3 Rh7Sb3 (Rh,Cu,Pt,Ir)3(As,S)7 ~(Rh,Ir,Pt,Os,Cu)(S,As)2 Ruarsite (Ru,Ir,Os,Ni)AsS ~(Ru,Cu,Ni,Os,Ir)5S6As6 (Ru,Os,Cu,Os,Ir)2S3 (Ru,Os,Ir)2S5

(Ru,Os,Ir)3S5? (Ru,Os,Ir)3S7 (Ru,Os,Ir)S3

(Ru,Os,Ir)4S7 Shandite Pb2(Ni,Cu)3(S,As)2 Sobolevskite (Pd,Pt)(Bi,Te,As,Sb)

SEM number Comments S11-028-022 S11-014-003 S11-014-005 S11-015-012 S11-014-024 S11-017-022 S11-019-007 S11-011-038 S11-057-009 S11-002-050 S11-072-022 S11-067-001 S11-024-022 S11-057-009 S10-053-031 S10-065-040 S10-065-040 S11-023-021 S11-008-023 S10-052-033 New mineral for Pennsylvania S11-065-018 S11-036-001 S11-023-011 S11-033-009 S11-023-015 S11-033-019 S11-007-012 S10-050-027 S10-065-051 S11-049-033 S11-008-003 S11-030-026 S11-033-015 S10-054-015 S10-054-023 S10-054-028 S11-017-010 S11-029-027 S11-069-019 S10-041-003 S10-065-001 S10-054-050

New mineral for Pennsylvania New mineral for Pennsylvania

Mineral species and compounds Sperrylite (Pt,Ir)As2

Stibiopalladinite (Pd,Cu,Ni)5Sb2 and/or (Pd,Cu,Ni)7Sb3? Sudburyite (Pd,Ni,Cu).49Sb.51 Pd.49(Sb,As).51 Tellurobismuthite Bi2(Te,As)3 Telluropalladinite Pd9Te4 Tetraferroplatinum (Pt,Ir).49(Fe,Ni,Cu,Co).51 Tulameenite (Pt2Cu,Ni)Fe Ungavaite (Pd,Cu,Pt)4(Sb,As,S)3 Pd4(Sb,As)3 Vavrinite? Ni2SbTe2 Vincentite (Pd,Ni)3As Vysotskite (Pd,Pt,Ni,Cu).45S.55 Wüstite FeO Unknown (Ti,Zr,Ta,Nb,Al).13 (REE,Mg,Ca,P,U,Th).13O.73? or (Ti,REE,Zr,...)2O5? 1

SEM number Comments S10-054-020 New mineral for Pennsylvania S11-019-001 S11-023-021 S11-029-001 S11-049-031 S11-066-015 S10-054-001 New mineral for Pennsylvania

S10-065-022 S11-069-007 S10-054-026 S11-040-074 S11-014-019 S11-014-021 S11-022-018 S11-038-009 S11-023-034 S11-023-036 S11-069-010

Previously reported by Smith and Barnes (2009)6 for Reesers Summit New mineral for Pennsylvania New mineral for Pennsylvania. Part of very complex aggregate. New mineral for Pennsylvania

New mineral for Pennsylvania New mineral for Pennsylvania. Smith and Barnes (2009)6 listed this for Reesers Summit but failed to recognize it as a new mineral.

S11-015-016 S11-014-007 S11-014-009 S11-057-015

New mineral for Pennsylvania

S11-018-012

New mineral for Pennsylvania

S11-029-012 S10-057-026

Somewhat zirkelite-like

New mineral for Pennsylvania

Entries followed by “?” require further interpretation or the finding and analyses of more and larger grains. Only 36 entries are considered to represent properly verified, recognized minerals that are new to Pennsylvania. 2 Smith, R. C., II, and Barnes, J. H., 2008, Geology of the Goat Hill serpentine barrens, Baltimore Mafic Complex, Pennsylvania: Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science, v. 82, no. 1, p. 19–30.

3

Smith, R. C., II, and Speer, J. A., 1980a, Heazlewoodite, Ni3S2, verified from Lancaster County— Pennsylvania Minerals V: Keystone Newsletter, January 1980, v. 29, no. 1, p. 5–8. 4 Smith, R. C., II, and Speer, J. A., 1980b, Maucherite, Ni11As8, from the State Line District, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania: Friends of Mineralogy, Pennsylvania chapter, Newsletter, v. 8, no. 3, p. 7–11. 5 UM 2007-04-As:Pd is an unidentified mineral as listed in Smith, D. G. W., and Nickel, E. H. 2007, A system of codification for unnamed minerals—Report of the subcommittee for unnamed minerals of the IMA commission on new minerals, nomenclature and classification: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 45, p. 983–1055 [http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/codification.pdf]. 6 Smith, R. C., II, and Barnes, J. H., 2009, Sudburyite, safflorite, and other microminerals in the platinumgroup element enriched ferrogabbro, York Haven Diabase, Reesers Summit, York County, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 39, no. 1, p. 6–15.

Table 2. Platinum Group Element (PGE) Minerals from the State Line District, Chester and Lancaster Counties, Pennsylvania1 Analysis S10-064-003 S10-064-005 S10-064-007 S10-064-010 S10-064-014 S10-064-024 S11-008-003 S11-008-005 S11-008-007 S11-008-011 S11-008-013 S11-008-016 S11-008-021 S11-008-023 S11-018-006 S11-018-008 S11-023-001 S11-023-007 S11-023-009 S11-023-011 S11-023-015 S11-023-021 S11-023-025 S11-023-027 S11-023-029 S11-023-031 S11-023-034 S11-023-036 S11-023-039 S11-033-003 S11-033-005 S11-033-009 S11-033-015 S11-033-019 S11-067-001 S11-073-008 S11-073-010 S11-073-012 S11-073-014 S11-073-026 S11-073-033 S11-029-001 S11-029-016 S11-029-014 S11-029-022 S11-029-024 S11-029-027 S11-007-012 S11-007-016 S11-065-007 S11-065-009 S11-065-018 S11-065-020 S11-066-015 S11-066-018

Ru 28.45 29.88 15.69 0.34 28.99

Rh

Pd

5.81

Os 24.83 23.65 39.95 0.47 24.58

20.38 38.26

21.75

27.49

21.94 3.62 18.00

28.98

5.51

25.30 0.17 0.22

2.75 32.37 2.25 5.59 3.87 16.81 2.64

9.69

30.02 20.04

7.54

21.47 31.10 1.34 3.97 9.94 36.87

4.15 8.02 10.09 28.11 27.50 33.40

2.92 43.23 46.13 9.11 0.50 0.58 21.39 23.91

17.41 28.06 7.90 46.67 68.33 57.06 7.29 55.13

29.29 28.48 35.01 29.12 30.99 30.10 31.04 40.08 38.58 25.43

22.31 23.84 18.80 18.98 18.12 24.75 20.97 0.82 0.34 22.82

Ir 5.49 5.57 9.48 54.06 7.18 35.32 7.25 24.23 11.29 48.43 30.67 6.84 58.60 16.84 60.57 53.33 55.58 3.17 62.06 8.72 13.09 1.41 1.63 56.78 5.60 2.67

22.63 23.80 10.75 8.15 7.07 18.68 18.85 6.35 2.79 28.57 5.72 1.57 8.81 8.86 6.83 8.12 9.85 6.29 9.31 0.81 0.32 2.86

22.56 5.24

0.82 3.26

Pt

Fe

Ni

Cu 3.80 2.02 3.56 1.31

1.66 31.07

1.02 15.37 27.72

19.90 1.42 2.63 0.78

3.38

0.69 18.06 3.15

53.49 48.45 0.69 25.24 5.22 3.86 2.85 25.70 29.19 8.10 0.77

38.88 10.70 17.13 6.88 12.93 10.50 15.86 9.20 39.80 35.77

1.60

0.14 7.31 11.68 0.36 0.28 0.59

4.23 34.69 11.19

0.57 0.20 23.27

4.62 9.27 4.27 51.63

41.48 52.41 74.39

S 37.43 38.88 31.32 11.33 38.87 14.54 32.76 6.89 39.28 32.58

10.81

1.91 1.71 9.39 9.12 4.12 12.00 8.73 2.39 0.33 12.31 5.14 16.28 3.63 8.61 3.22 2.27

0.58 0.33 0.30

5.84

0.48 0.25

3.40 3.14

8.61

5.46 1.52 3.83

2.30

10.30 12.87 15.66 1.85 2.10 13.49 26.33 29.70 38.99 37.69 40.94 16.27 26.25 11.11 13.75 6.40 22.99 6.87

As

Sb

Te

27.99 28.10 36.24

26.37 27.43 26.56 28.15 29.36 30.90 22.94

0.55

2.97

45.10 43.55 28.25 33.96 37.86 14.30 10.77 34.64

27.36 29.04 8.80

0.90 30.81

1.03 19.54

1.07 25.29 24.79 43.81

39.59 38.81 38.77 37.61 40.74 38.86 38.68 17.35 17.90 15.14 21.89

Sn

37.06 39.48 33.75 45.25

0.72

Bi

Formula (mol percent) (Ru,Os,Ir).30S.70 (Ru,Os,Ir).28S.72 (Os,Ru,Ir).33S.67 (Ir,Rh,Ru,Os).34As.37S.35 (Ru,Os,Ir).28S.72 (Rh,Ir).39As.38 S.45 (Ru,Os,Ir).36S.64 (Pt,Ir,Cu).30(As,S,Sb).70 (Ru,Os,Ir).27S.73 (Ir,Os).17Ni.17S.66 3.71 (Pd,Ir,Pt,Ni).43(S,Bi).57 (Ru,Os,Ir).27S.73 (Ir,Rh,Pt,Os,Cu).34As.35S.33 (Rh,Ir,Pt,Os,Cu).35(S,As).65 (Ir,Rh,Pt).36(As,S,Sb).64 (Ir,Rh).30(S,As).70 (Ir,Rh,Pt).31As.37S.31 (Rh,Pt,Ru,Os,Ir).29(S,As).71 (Ir,Rh,Pt).38As.32S.36 (Ru,Os,Ir).27S.73 (Ru,Os,Ir).28S.72 (Pt,Ir).32As.68 (Pt,Cu,Rh,Ir).32(As,Se).68 (Ir,Rh,Pt).57(As,S).43 (Pt,Rh,Ru,Cu,Ir,Os).30(As,S).70 (Rh,Cu,Pt,Ir).30(As,S).70 (Pd,Cu,Pt).5766(Sb,As,S).4234 (Pd,Cu,Pt).57(Sb,As,S).43 (Pt,Pd,Cu,Rh) .27(As,S).73 1.20 (Cu,Pt,Ir,Rh,Pd,Ni,Os).40S.60 (Ni,Cu,Fe,Ir,Pt,Pd).41S.59 (Ru,Os,Ir,Pt).27S.73 (Ru,Os,Ir,Cu,Ni).29S.71 (Ru,Os,Ir,Cu,Ni).27S.73 (Rh,Ir,Pt,Ni,Cu).4068S.5074(As,Sb).4197 (Cu,Pt,Ir,Rh).5464S.8187 (Pd,Cu,Pt,Ir).55(S,Te).45 (Pd,Cu,Ni).67(S,As).33 (Pd,Cu,Pt,Ir,Ni).61S.19Te.19 (Ni,Ir,Cu,Rh,Pt).5270S.4730 (Pd,Cu,Ir,Pt).60S.21Te.19 (Pt,Cu,Ir).34(As,Sb).66 (Ru,Os,Ir).27S.73 (Ru,Os,Ir).27S.73 (Ru,Os,Ir,Ni).29S.71 (Ru,Os,Cu,Ir,Ni).31S.69 (Ru,Os,Ir).26S.74 (Ru,Os,Ir).28S.72 (Ru,Os,Ir).28S.72 (Ru,Cu,Ni,Os,Ir).3107S.3601As.3292 (Ru,Cu,Ni,Os,Ir).2880S.3663As.3457 (Ru,Os,Ir).4014S.4722As.4505 (Pt.2126Pd.2120Ni.1466Cu.0859)S.6827 (Pt,Cu,Ir).33As.67 (Pt,Pd,Ir).4475(Fe,Cu,Ni,Co).2957

Mineral Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir)3S7 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir)2S5 Erlichmanite OsS2 Irarsite (Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir)2S5 Hollingworthite (Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir)3S5? Unnamed Pt3(As,S)7 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir)2S5 "Iridisite" (Ir,Os,Ni)S2 Unnamed (Pd,Ir,Pt,Ni)3(S,Bi)4 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir)2S5 Irarsite (Ir,Rh,Pt,Os,Cu)AsS Unnamed ~(Rh,Ir,Pt,Os,Cu)(S,As)2 Ir4(As,S,Sb)7 Unnamed Ir3(S,As)7 Irarsite ~(Ir,Rh,Pt)AsS ~Hollingworthite ~RhSAs ~Irarsite Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir,Pt)2S5 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir)2S5 Sperrylite? Sperrylite? Unnamed (Ir,Rh,Pt)4(As,S)3 Unnamed Pt3(As,S)7 Unnamed Rh3(As,S)7 Ungavaite (Pd,Cu,Pt)4(Sb,As,S)3 Ungavaite (Pd,Cu,Pt)4(Sb,As,S)3 Unnamed (Pt,Pd,Cu,Rh) 2(As,S)5 Unnamed (Cu,Pt,Ir,Rh,Pd,Ni,Os)2S3 Unnamed (Ni,Cu,Fe,Ir,Pt,Pd)2S3 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir,Pt)2S5 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir)3S7 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir,Cu,Ni)2S5 Hollingworthite? (Rh,Ir,Pt,Ni,Cu)4S5(As,Sb)4 Unnamed (Cu,Pt,Ir,Rh)2S3 Unnamed (Pd,Cu,Pt,Ir)6(S,Te)5 Unnamed (Pd,Cu,Ni)2S Unnamed (Pd,Cu,Pt,Ir,Ni)3STe Iridian godlevskite? (Ni,Ir,Cu,Rh,Pt)9S8 Unnamed (Pd,Cu,Ir,Pt)3STe Sperrylite (Pt,Cu,Ir)(As,Sb)2 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir)2S5 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir)2S5 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir)3S7 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Cu,Ir,Ni)3S7 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir)S3 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir)2S5 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir)2S5 Ruarsite? ~(Ru,Cu,Ni,Os,Ir)5S6As6 Ruarsite? ~(Ru,Cu,Ni,Os,Ir)5S6As6 Ruarsite? ~(Ru,Os,Ir)6S6As6 Braggite (Pt,Pd,Ni,Cu).49S.51 Sperrylite (Pt,Cu,Ir)As2 Unnamed (Pt,Pd,Ir)3(Fe,Cu,Ni,Co)2

Comments ~5x6 μm Higher Z area of same ~5x6 μm grain as -007 Lower Z area of same grain as -005 5x6 μm ~8x9 μm ~22x14 μm Composite grain with -001 ~2x2 μm 9x9 μm aesthetic grain Major part of 12x14 μm euhedral composite grain Minor part of euhedral composite grain -007 0.5x2 μm inclusion in euhedral composite grain 10x11 μm euhedral ~4x13 μm host to lamina -023 Lamina on side irarsite -021 ~4x7 μm, slightly ratty ~5x8 μm ~4x8 μm higher Z end of grain ~3x9 μm lower Z end of grain ~1 μm ~9x11 μm (Ru,Os,Ir)2S5? ~8x9 cube ~5x7 μm 3.42% Se. 2x6 μm. ~4x7 μm ~2x3 μm ~4x6 μm ~2x3 μm in probable hollingworthite ~2x3 μm different spot ~2x3 μm ~5x10 μm part of composite grain ~3x7 μm part of composite grain ~7x9 μm ~6x7 μm ~6x13 μm ~8x12 μm ~3x7 μm part of complex grain ~1x3 μm part of complex grain ~3x8 μm part of complex grain ~1x3 μm part of complex grain ~3x6 μm part of complex grain ~1x3 μm part of complex grain. Same grain as -010 and -014. ~5x5 μm higher Z core ~6x8 μm bulk core, clean Thin, slightly higher Z rim on ~6x8 μm ~2x6 μm euhedral ~3x4 μm ~4x4 μm ~3x5 μm euhedral ~2x4 μm euhedral ~11x19 μm ~11x19 μm. Same grain as -007. ~4x8 μm ~30x40 μm in bornite ~15x20 μm 0.16% Co. ~6x9 μm. Known from Nizhny Tagil, Russia.

Analysis S10-050-025 S10-050-027 S10-050-030 S10-050-032 S10-053-031 S10-053-033 S10-053-035 S10-053-037 S10-065-022 S10-065-040 S10-065-051 S10-052-016 S10-052-033 S10-052-037 S10-052-039 S11-003-004 S11-003-006 S11-003-009 S11-003-012 S10-054-011 S10-054-013 S10-054-015 S10-054-020 S10-054-022 S10-054-030 S10-054-034 S10-054-036 S10-054-039 S10-054-041 S10-054-045 S10-054-050 S11-002-018 S11-002-020 S11-002-024 S11-002-030 S11-002-032 S11-002-034 S11-002-038 S11-002-041 S11-002-043 S11-002-045 S11-002-048 S11-002-050 S11-002-052 S11-002-054 S10-056-003 S10-056-007 S10-056-013 S10-056-016 S10-056-026 S11-020-001 S11-020-002 S11-020-004 S11-020-006 S11-020-008 S11-020-013 S11-020-015 S11-024-001

Ru 31.22 30.68

34.50 8.50

Rh

0.92 2.03 41.07 7.55 10.24 10.12

Pd

Os 16.55 16.40 6.84 0.00

1.52 18.77

11.94 2.89

Ir 13.19 13.40 92.24 57.71 24.41 5.20 17.94 8.08

Pt

Fe

1.29

Ni

Cu

S 39.03 39.52

0.11

8.83

29.67 33.00 37.87 20.06 11.56

2.94 66.56

33.46

4.30

46.64 28.76

16.09

16.02

63.46 17.99

11.75 1.24

18.50 1.10

18.86

4.09

21.00 64.77 2.37

34.16

4.42

16.82

12.31

1.98 16.04 1.22 41.45 28.09

2.20 1.47 1.15 0.20

18.54 27.61

19.07

10.59

0.86

18.84

33.89

29.74 29.62

2.80 23.45 1.17 2.52 3.61 24.83 3.37 2.02 16.82 3.38 23.54

23.07

15.99

5.23 3.25 2.20 2.56 1.69 5.41 0.51 20.59

4.58 67.85 0.92 18.01

25.69 25.35

35.19 3.27 7.11 1.43 2.54 1.50 1.58 5.41 1.93 5.43 2.43 7.78 0.94

Sb

18.10

10.80

3.31 1.90

58.17 25.22 32.98

15.51

34.35

97.66 84.26 60.60

70.62 72.06

Sn

39.13 0.25

15.74 41.43

3.69 3.55 17.34

As

2.77 0.23

4.21

41.43 11.43 34.99

53.15 0.09

44.47 29.29 27.94 43.79

54.30 59.56 49.61 49.46 91.14 19.27 14.13 45.90 10.36 60.98

0.54 3.08

48.41 30.76

7.50 0.76 12.57

0.56 1.53

49.77 87.92 12.87 51.28 2.03 48.74 6.81 49.36 14.61

42.44 38.25 47.30 45.26

3.45

18.32 15.14

7.71 35.74 38.17 37.01 44.42

11.08 0.49

33.36 41.92 45.89

2.15

3.29

0.33 15.33

50.90 3.02 3.47 2.17 3.04 1.36

12.69

37.01 44.40 39.85

2.17 1.21

1.18 1.05 0.13 0.69

30.93

2.01 51.61

45.12 40.99

54.03 50.89 50.36 52.10

4.75

44.54 43.56 43.38 45.83

2.92 0.00 0.49

47.78

0.08

46.52

0.00

44.30

0.23

39.16 50.21 39.60 51.05 92.22 51.09

3.43

Te

Bi

Formula (mol percent) (Ru,Os,Ir).28S.72 (Ru,Os,Ir).27S.73 Ir.922Os.068Ru.009 (Ir,Cu,Rh,Pt,Ni,Co).34S.66 (Rh,Ir,Pd).34S.66 (Ru,Os,Ir).33S.67 3.49 (Pd,Rh,Ir).34(S,As).66 (Pt,Rh,Cu,Ir).60S.40 (Pd,Ni,Cu).49Sb.51 (Rh,Cu).70(Sb,Sn).30 (Ru,Os,Ir).27S.73 (Pd,Cu).71Sb.29 (Ru,Ir).37As.35S.37 Pt (Pt,Pd) (Ru,Os,Ir).27S.73 (Pt,Pd,Ni,Cu).64S.36 (Pd,Ni).68Sb.32 (Pt,Ir).32As.68 Pd.73Sb.27 Pd.75Sb.25 (Ru,Os,Ir).25S.75 (Pt,Ir).34As.66 (Pt,Ir).38S.62 (Pt,Ir).30(As,Sb).70 (Pt,Ir).30(As,Sb).70 PtIrPdOs 7.10 (Pd,Pt).25(As,Sb,Te).75 (Rh,Ir,Pt,Ru,Ni).37(As,Sb).41S.48 (Pd,Pt).86Sn.14 7.35 34.83 (Pd,Pt,Bi,Ni).50(Bi,Te,As,Sb).50 (Pt,Ir).40(As,Sb).60 (Rh,Ir,Ni).23As.36S.41 (Ru,Os,Ir).29As.37S.35 (Pt,Ir).30(As,Sb).70 (Pt,Ir,Fe,Ni).88Se.12 (Ir,Rh,Pt,Os).24(S,As,Sb).76 (Pt,Ir).32(As,Se).68 (Pt,Ir).30(AsSb).70 (Pt,Cu,Ir).33(As,Sb).67 (Rh,Ir,Cu,Ir).31(As,S,Sn).69 (Pt,Ir,Ni).34(As,Sb).66 (Rh,Ir,Pt,Ni,Co).45As.55 91.6% Au, 4.6% Pd, 2.2% Cu, 1.4% Ni (Pd,Cu).72Sb.28 (Ir,Rh,Pt,Pd).31(As,S).69 (Pt,Ir).32As.68 (Ru,Os,Ir).27S.73 (Pt,Ir).32As.68 (Pt,Ir).31As.69 (Pt,Cu,Ir).37As.63 (Pt,Ir).31(As,Sb).69 (Ru,Os,Ir).27S.73 (Pt,Ir).30(As,Sb).70 (Ru,Ir,Os).27S.73 (Pt,Ir).31As.69 Pt.922Ir.078 (Pt,Cu,Ir).35(As,Sb).65

Mineral Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir)2S5 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir)2S5 Native IrOsRu Unnamed (Ir,Cu,Rh,Pt,Ni,Co)S2 Unnamed (Rh,Ir)S2 Laurite RuS2 Unnamed Pd(S,As)2 Unnamed, but reported Pt3S2 Sudburyite PdSb Unnamed Rh7Sb3 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir)2S5 Stibiopalladinite Pd 5Sb2 Ruarsite RuAsS Native platinum Native platinum Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir)2S5 Unnamed ~(Pt,Pd)5S3? Naldrettite Pd2Sb Sperrylite? Stibiopalladinite Pd 5S2? Unnamed Pd3Sb Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir)S3 Sperrylite PtAs2 Unnamed Pt3S5 Unnamed Pt3As7 Unnamed Pt3As7 Native platinum Unnamed PdAs3? Hollingworthite (Rh,Ir)(S,As)? Unnamed Pd6Sn or alloy? Sobolevskite Unnamed Pt2As3 (Rh,Ir,Ni)2(As,S)7 Ruarsite RuAsS? Unnamed Pt3As7 Unnamed Pt8Se? Unnamed (Ir,Rh…)(S,As)3 Sperrylite, selenian Unnamed Pt3As7 Sperrylite PtAs2 Hollingworthite? (Rh,Ir)3(As,S)7? Sperrylite Unnamed Rh4As5? Gold, palladian Stibiopalladinite Pd 5Sb2 Ir3As7 irarsite-hollingworthite? Sperrylite PtAs2 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir)2S5 Sperrylite PtAs2? Unnamed Pt3As7? (Pt,Cu,Ir)3As5 Unnamed (Pt,Ir)3(As,Sb)7 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir)2S5 Unnamed (Pt,Ir)3(As,Sb)7 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir)2S5 Unnamed (Pt,Ir)3As7 Native platinum Sperrylite PtAs2?

Comments Clean 12x18 μm subhedral New spot, same ~12x18 μm grain and 300-second count Very high Z on edge of -027 Small grain on edge of -027 ~4x4 μm. Same grain as -029. Same grain as -029 Same grain as -029 Same grain as -029 ~4x5 μm clean grain. Backside of slab. Ratty grain. Excludes Ni and S. Clean 5x5 μm euhedral grain

Same grain as -014 3x3 μm attached to -004 7 μm grain. Named after Anthony J. Naldrett. Same grain as Pd3Sb, below, but different spot 3x7 μm. Same grain as -011. ~5x5 μm grain ~3x8 μm

4x5 μm, "moth-eaten." Image educational. 1 μm stoichiometric near PtIrPdOs

3x8 μm ~4x9 μm 4x5 μm ~5x12 μm 5.39% Se ~2x6 μm 3.44% Se 4x10 μm 6x6 μm Euhedral thick rim on -050 0.12% Co. Rounded core to -048. ~1x2 μm inclusion in stibiopalladinite after skirt correction 5x7 μm 4x5 μm 5x5 μm circular ~6x8 μm 20x20 μm ~12x13 μm ~6x9 μm ~3x7 μm ~25x16 μm ~6x7 μm ~4x8 μm plus separated rim ~15 μm across, but only 1 μm thick separated rim of above ~5x6 μm photogenic cube

Analysis S11-024-003 S11-024-008 S11-024-010 S11-024-012 S11-024-015 S11-024-018 S11-024-028 S11-040-001 S11-040-016 S11-040-018 S11-040-020 S11-040-022 S11-040-024 S11-040-026 S11-040-028 S11-040-031 S11-040-033 S11-040-035 S11-040-037 S11-040-042 S11-040-046 S11-040-049 S11-040-051 S11-040-053 S11-040-055 S11-040-063 S11-040-065 S11-040-067 S11-040-069 S11-040-071 S11-040-074 S11-040-076 S11-040-078 S11-040-081 S11-045-001 S11-045-003 S11-045-005 S11-045-007 S11-045-012 S11-045-014 S11-045-019 S11-045-021 S11-045-031 S11-049-017 S11-049-019 S11-049-021 S11-049-031 S11-049-033 S11-028-001 S11-028-003 S11-028-006 S11-028-017 S11-028-020 S11-028-022 S11-028-024 S11-028-029 S11-046-001

Ru

Rh

Pd 47.95

Os

Ir

Pt

1.10

52.98

32.01 62.72 1.33

62.41 59.94 60.09 59.43 64.73

1.03 0.71 0.26 0.20 0.78

2.51 1.97 2.04 0.45 0.00 0.43 0.44 1.75 3.37 1.67

19.62 0.41 22.81 64.12 65.32 27.54

0.31 2.95

26.49 58.52 33.61 54.71 52.40 1.10

10.50 2.42 4.92 60.56 62.26

66.00 80.42 70.23 41.27 14.87

0.00

5.94

0.25 0.62 4.34 0.02 2.91 0.12 19.06 1.60 13.28 0.80 1.75 2.91 2.39 2.39 0.55 0.40 3.36 0.21

8.25 0.68 0.95 1.19 0.35 10.55

8.28

3.68 13.71

35.85

1.40

19.00

2.02 30.67

26.25

30.58 0.75

Ni 8.97

0.87

0.44

32.61

Fe

13.34 18.22 4.31 6.15 1.45 2.88 1.46 2.76 57.81 3.09 5.42 0.37 1.92

93.51 52.10 52.02 51.69 0.09 0.34 0.23 0.77 0.10 53.69 52.54 0.18 0.33 0.31

0.34 0.12 0.74 0.45 0.11

Cu

S

1.52 0.80

As 15.49 45.83 9.50 5.16 45.33 45.85 46.09

1.86 3.21 3.28 2.56

Sn

Sb

Te 20.81

Bi

0.09 9.56 26.13 0.06 0.16 0.18 33.82 35.68 34.98 36.15 32.54

42.50 45.79 78.63 96.70 97.00

0.36 0.44 0.41 40.24

0.55 50.63 0.23

0.26

0.65 46.36

0.18 1.31

53.21 6.51 2.03

0.24 29.14 14.48

0.07 0.26 2.51

0.21

1.64 1.12

16.10

12.87 45.19 39.24 2.03 36.65 5.46

30.40 0.10 33.62 0.00 2.21 17.53 15.19 2.86 28.91

40.28 50.61 0.27 0.16

0.27 0.29 0.17

1.02 1.85 1.44

0.10 0.32 0.51 25.92 6.35 1.72

0.08 2.61

0.04 14.78 21.73 21.40

4.78

0.17

51.77

44.44 1.62

44.86

37.95 63.97 52.24 52.93 52.04 49.56 47.79 8.21

0.06

1.81 0.35 6.00 1.58 0.49

0.00

26.05 33.69 28.60

51.66

2.91 18.17 31.01 38.44 10.28 45.50 46.12 46.28 45.17 11.07 18.08 43.96

0.17 2.68 19.78 12.22 2.80 20.46 12.30 0.00 33.61 13.68 11.08 1.68

0.09

0.06

38.99 49.77 54.29 49.91 48.25

20.13

8.76 82.09 52.15

7.74

5.77 0.47 0.25 0.36 0.56 0.33 1.05 0.25

3.25 5.24

11.76 16.59 37.41 2.33 0.31

41.49 11.69 44.40 43.07 26.20 39.99

0.34

1.57 0.42 0.33

44.68

0.68

0.37

Formula (mol percent) (Pd,Ni).60(AsTe,Bi).40 (Pt,Ir).31(As,Sb).69 PdAuSbCu alloy? (Pd,Ni,Cu).64(Sb,As).36 (Pt,Pd).88As.12 (Pt,Ir).32(As,Sb).68 (Pt,Ir).31(As,Sb).69 (Pt,Ir).31(As,Sb).69 (Pd,Cu,Ni,Os,Ir,Pt).694Sb.306 (Pd,Cu,Os,Ni,Pt).68Sb.32 (Pd,Cu,Ni,Ir,Os,Pt).69Sb.31 (Pd,Cu,Ni,Pt,Ir,Os).67Sb.33 (Pd,Ir,Os,Ni,Pt).70Sb.30 (Pt,Ir,Rh).34As.66 (Pt,Ir).31As.69 (Fe,Co).88(Pd,Ni,Pt).12? (Fe,Co,Ni,Os,Pt,Ir) (Fe,Co,Ir,Ni,Pt) (Ru,Os,Ir).27S.73 (Pd,Cu,Ni,Pt,Ir).69Sb.31 (Pt,Ir).31(As,Sb).69 (Pd,Cu,Ni,Os,Pt,Ir).69Sb.31 (Ru,Os,Ir,Ni,Co).277(S,As).722 (Pt,Ir).32As.68 (Rh,Ir,Pt).28As.39S.33 (Pd,Cu,Pt,Ir,Ni).70(Te,Bi,As,Sb).30 (Ru,Os,Cu,Ir,Ni).297S.356As.347 (Ru,Ni,Ir,Os,Pt).72(Bi,As,Te).28 (Ru,Os,Ir).31S.69 (Pt,Cu,Ir,Ru,Ni).34(As,Sb).66 (Pd,Cu,Ni,Ir,Pt).70(Te,Bi,Sb,As,S).30 (Pd,Cu,Ni,Ir,Pt).72Te.18(Bi,Sb).09

(Pt,Ir).32As.68 (Pd,Ni,Cu,Ir).82Sb.18 (Pd,Cu,Ni).91(Sb,As,S).09 (Pd,Ni).6688(As,Sb).3335 (Pd,Cu).33Ni.35As.32 (Pt,Pd,Ni,Cu).46(As,Sb,Te).54 (Pt,Rh,Ir,Ni).55S.22(As,Se).22 (Pt,Ir).29(As,S).71 (Pt,Ir).31As.69 (Pt,Ir).30(As,S).70 (Pt,Cu,Ir,Ni).35(As,Sb).65 (Ni.2517Pt.2450Pd.0991Au.0042)S.8124 (Ni,Ru,Ir,Pt,Os).33(S,As).67 (Ni,Rh,Ir).34(S,As).66 (Pt,Ir).33(As,Sb).67 (Ru,Os,Ir).2859S.7142 (Pt,Cu,Ir).34(As,Se,Sb).66 (Pt,Ni,Cu,Ir).75As.25 (Pt,Ni,Ir).30(As,Se).70 (Pt,Ir,Ni).39(As,Se,Sb).61 (Ir,Rh,Ru,Ni).34(As,Sb).35S.37 (Rh,Pt,Ir,Ni).26As.38S.36 (Ru,Os,Ir,Ni).28S.72 5.66 (Pt,Ir,Pd).66(Fe,Cu,Bi,Ni).34 (Pt,Ir,Cu,Ni).32(As,Sb).68

Mineral Unnamed (Pd,Ni)3As(Te,Bi) Unnamed (Pt,Ir)3(As,Sb)7 Native palladium? Mertieite-II? (Pd,NiCu)7(Sb,As)4? (Pt,Pd)7As? (Pt,Ir)(As,Sb)2 Unnamed (Pt,Ir)3(As,Sb)7 Unnamed (Pt,Ir)3(As,Sb)7 Unnamed Pd7Sb3 or Pd9Sb4? Naldrettite? Unnamed Pd7Sb3 or Pd9Sb4? Naldrettite Unnamed (Pd,Ir,Os,Ni,Pt)7Sb3? Sperrylite (Pt,Ir,Rh)As2 Unknown (Pt,Ir)3As7 Palladian iron Native iron Native iron Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir)2S5 Unnamed Pd9Sb4 or Pd7Sb3? Unnamed (Pt,Ir)4(As,Sb)9 or Pt3As7? Unnamed Pd9Sb4 or Pd3Sb7? Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir,Ni,Co)2(S,As)5? Sperrylite PtAs2 Unnamed (Rh,Ir,Pt)2(As,S)5 Telluropalladinite (Pd,Cu,Pt,Ir,Ni)9(Te,Bi,As,Sb)4 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Cu,Ir,Ni)4S5As5 "RuBi" (Ru,Ni,Ir,Os,Pt)5(Bi,As,Te)2 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir)3S7 Sperrylite (Pt,Cu,Ir,Ru,Ni)(As,Sb)2 Telluropalladinite Pd9Te4 Unnamed (Pd,Cu,Ni,Ir,Pt)8Te2(Bi,Sb) Sperrylite (Pt,Ir)As2 Unnamed Pd9Sb2 Unnamed ~(Pd,Cu,Ni)9(Sb,As,As)? Palladoarsenide (Pd,Ni)2(As,Sb) Majakite (Pd,Cu)NiAs Unnamed (Pt,Pd,Ni,Cu) 4(As,Sb,Te)5 Unnamed (Pt,Rh,Ir,Ni)5S2(As,Se)2 Unnamed (Pt,Ir)3(As,S)7 Unnamed (Pt,Ir)3As7 Unnamed (Pt,Ir)(As,S)7 Sperrylite? ~(Pt,Cu,Ir,Ni)(As,Sb)2 Unnamed (Ni,Pt,Pd,Au)3S4 Vaesite? (Ni,Ru,Ir,Pt,Os)(S,As)2 Vaesite? (Ni,Rh,Ir)(S,As)2 Sperrylite (Pt,Ir)(As,Sb)2 Unknown (Ru,Os,Ir)2S5 Sperrylite Unnamed (Pt,Ni,Cu,Ir)3As Unnamed (Pt,Ni,Ir)3(As,Se)7 Unnamed (Pt,Ir,Ni)2(As,Se,Sb)3 Irarsite (Ir,Rh,Ru,Ni)(As,Sb)S Unnamed (Rh,Pt,Ir,Ni)(As,S)3 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir,Ni)2S5 Platinum (Pt,Ir,Pd)2(Fe,Cu,Bi,Ni)? Sperrylite? (Pt,Ir,Cu,Ni)(As,Sb)2?

Comments 6.78% Bi. ~7x12 μm. ~7x7 μm 56.90% Au. Only ~2x3 μm so not reliable. ~3x3 μm ~10x13 μm etched shell Fractured ~6x8 μm clean grain ~4x9 μm Core ~3x11 μm ~3x4 μm. Slightly lower Z core to Pd9Sb4 -020. Slightly higher Z rim to naldrettite -018 ~1μm inclusion in 3x11μm Pd .69Sb.31 -016. Too small to be reliable. ~1x3 μm ~8x8 μm. Possible cuboctahedron? ~2x3 μm slightly higher Z rim 1.21% Co. ~12x18 μm. 1.87% Co. ~12x18 μm. 1.65% Co. ~12x18 μm. ~3x5 μm ~5x22 μm ~2x4 μm (Pt,Ir)3(As,Sb)7? ~4x7 μm 0.29% Co ~15x38 μm host to Rh 2(As,S)5 -055 ~8x14 μm inclusion in sperrylite -053 ~2x2 μm part of complex composite grain ~2x5 μm part of complex composite grain ~1x2 μm part of complex composite grain ~3x3 μm lower Z part of complex composite grain ~2x3 μm part of complex composite grain ~2x2 μm part of complex composite grain ~1x3 μm part of complex composite grain ~2x3 μm part of complex composite grain. High quality image available. ~9x14 μm. Rather clean chemically. ~5x10 μm teardrop shape ~1x5 μm near -001 ~5x6 μm ~2x5 μm part of composite grain 3.83% Se. ~5x6 μm close cluster of 1-2 μm grains. ~7x9 μm ~16x20 μm ~16x20 μm. Rerun of -019. ~14x24 μm. Brittle based on fractures. 0.83% Au. ~2x4 μm. ~1x1 μm. Cannot rule out seeing 2 minerals. ~1x1 µm. Cannot rule out seeing 2 minerals. ~10x12 μm ~3x4 μm 3.68% Se. ~5x8 μm etched core to -003 shell. ~0.5 μm thick shell around etched sperrylite 3.76% Se. ~5x6 μm, higher Z portion of composite grain. 4.11% Se. ~4x14 μm portion of composite grain. ~7x7 μm high Z core of composite grain ~16x20 μm low Z rim surrounding -020 irarsite grain ~5x7 μm clean grain ~2x2 μm. Analog to tulameenite? ~5x6 μm

Analysis S11-046-009 S11-046-011 S11-046-015 S11-046-017 S11-046-019 S11-046-021 S11-027-001 S11-027-003 S11-027-005 S11-027-007 S11-027-009 S11-027-011 S11-027-013 S11-027-015 S11-027-023 S11-027-029 S11-027-031 S11-027-034 S11-027-036 S11-043-006 S11-043-008 S11-043-010 S11-043-012 S11-043-014 S11-043-016 S11-043-019 S11-057-003 S11-057-009 S11-057-013 S11-057-015 S11-030-001 S11-030-003 S11-030-010 S11-030-013 S11-030-016 S11-030-018 S11-030-026 S11-030-028 S11-030-036 S11-030-038 S11-047-001 S11-047-010 S11-047-013 S11-047-017 S11-047-028 S11-047-032 S11-031-001 S11-031-003 S11-031-005 S11-031-014 S11-031-017 S11-031-022 S11-031-024 S11-025-001 S11-025-003 S11-025-008 S11-019-001

Ru 30.03 7.10

Rh

Pd

0.45

Os 21.14 6.56 0.59

18.08 19.51 22.81 53.45 51.79 1.61

Ir 8.67 2.54 1.59 17.13 8.25 3.69 4.44 6.80 7.20 7.63 5.74 15.74

19.25 27.38 39.41 15.71 4.92 53.20

9.21 3.50 12.48 1.74 45.93 1.90

28.43 32.52 19.11 32.66 30.56 8.76 2.42

1.49

1.19 1.95 31.56 30.43 6.59 29.30 2.79 4.97

2.31

Pt 0.51

Fe

51.45 5.06 50.04

7.21 5.81

18.49 4.74 16.22 21.55 18.26 16.39

1.00

4.45 23.24 3.77 4.89 2.86 10.31 17.93

21.94 27.28 28.63 32.91

28.88 19.24 0.60 22.52 25.35 22.52 28.22 0.91

13.61 30.71 26.67 29.64 26.53 0.38 5.47

0.45 0.19 17.09 0.54 24.63 0.74 0.71 50.49 13.04 8.73 44.09 38.10

1.30

25.15

35.12 26.07

8.01

3.04 3.45 0.68

51.87 70.96

4.32 5.47 0.52

22.26 19.79 0.83 3.99

29.80

17.30 27.72 44.28

22.95 27.44

30.11 24.23 16.34

85.16 4.01

0.90 7.44 1.23 31.06 1.01 6.25 9.99

4.14

37.02 33.38 48.47 92.61 50.92

1.20 4.25 5.74 2.35

0.47 0.80 10.35 9.37 0.11 0.25 0.52

4.95 4.55 1.05 1.00

0.49 0.90 0.24 61.09 0.11 2.93

4.84 3.68

0.37 0.58 2.16 2.85 2.66 0.43

11.36 0.29

S 39.37 36.97 14.54 16.89

0.23

65.98 87.60

30.67

26.72

4.17 7.06 36.49 7.24 5.48 5.20 7.10 1.04

Cu

0.33 13.64 39.07 15.08 44.89

44.25 68.53 25.74 4.38 30.71 22.27

Ni 0.28 46.36 0.20 0.30 0.29 0.35 14.19

3.18 3.48 5.27 3.10

38.54 39.20 39.43 28.92 10.59 28.06 30.12 39.98 38.47 11.61 15.66 13.49 9.14

14.96 13.80 15.78 14.17 16.73 16.35 22.57 24.25 38.13 40.53 18.71 39.53 37.17 38.06 37.91 33.39

12.16 12.42 2.39 2.23

21.39 26.17

6.13

38.40

2.54 15.49

Sb

7.57 19.89 37.73 38.42 1.93 35.51

Te

1.78 1.46 2.30 3.77

28.69

29.92 37.58 28.90 30.60 34.41 11.71 34.01 29.21 32.78 36.42 46.16 27.68 29.42

13.49

0.49

25.17

3.59

5.24 3.19

25.19 1.00

44.31 39.64

43.62

50.96

1.06 1.93

44.39 38.13 34.69 42.15

Sn

38.04 15.97

2.96

As

44.55 0.63 43.39 20.47 34.82

9.31

3.62 0.51 12.53

Bi

Formula (mol percent) (Ru,Os,Ir,Ni,Pt).27S.73 (Ni,Ru,Os,Ir,Rh).44S.56 (Pt,Ir,Ni,Os).31(As,Sb).69 (Rh,Ir,Ni).27As.38(S,Sb).35 (Rh,Ir,Pt,Ni).28(As,Sb).34S.38 (Pt,Ir,Ni).32(As,Sb).68 (Ni,Cu).17(Ru,Rh,Os,Ir).18S.66 (Ru,Os,Ir).29S.71 (Ru,Os,Ir).27S.73 1.25 (Os,Ir,Ru).31(S,Bi).69 0.43 (Os,Ir,Ru,Ni).45(As,S,Bi).55 (Ni,Fe,Co).48(Ir,Os,Rh).05S.46 (Ni,Fe,Co,Rh).56S.44 (Ru,Os,Ir).27S.73 (Ru,Os,Ir,Ni).28S.72 (Os,Ru,Ir).31As.36S.33 (Ru,Os,Ir).33As.34S.33 (Ir,Ru,Os,Rh,Cu,Ni).30(As,S).70 (Os,Ru,Ir,Ni).33(As,S).67 (Pd,Cu).37(Ni,Cu).26As.37 (Pd,Cu,Ni).74(As,Sb).26 (Ru,Os,Cu,Ir).31As.34S.35 (Pt,Ir,Ru,Os).28(S,As).72 (Ru,Os,Ir,Pt).31As.33S.37 (Ru,Os,Ir,Pt).28As.38S.34 (Pt,Ir).31(As,Sb).69 (Rh,Cu,Ru,Pt,Ir,Ni,Os).4638(S,As).8913 (Rh,Ir,Cu,Pt,Ni,Ru).39S.51As.39 (Pt,Pd,Ni,Cu).4703S.5296 (Pd,Pt,Ni,Cu).45S.55 (Ru,Os,Ir,Ni,Co).28S.72 (Ru,Os,Ir,Ni).27S.73 (Ir,Rh,Ni,Pt,Os).26(S,As,Sb).74 (Ru,Os,Ir).27S.73 (Ru,Os,Cu,Ir,Ni).31S.69 (Ru,Os,Cu,Ir,Ni).30S.70 (Ru,Os,Ir,Cu).28S.72 (Ni,Cu,Ir,Os,Ru).51S.49 (Pd,Cu,Ni).71(Sb,As).29 (Pd,Cu,Ni).95(As,Te).05 (Ru,Os,Cu,Ir).30S.70 (Pt,Ir,Ni).33As.67 (Ru,Os,Ni,Ir).28As.37S.35 (Fe,Ni,Co).84Ru.16 Cu.15(Pt,Ir,Ni,Rh).31S.53 Cu.14(Pt,Ir,Rh,Ni,Co).27S.59 (Pt,Cu,Pd,Ni,Rh) .33(As,Se).67 (Pt,Pd).68(Fe,Cu).32 (Pt,Ir).16(As,Sb).84 (Ru,Cu,Os,Ir,Ni).30(S,As).70 (Pt,Ir).30(As,Se,Sb).70 (Pd,Ir).41(As,S,Sb,Sn).59 (Rh,Ir).29(S,As).71 (Ru,Os,Cu,Ir).28S.72 (Ru,Os,Ir).27S.73 (Pd,Cu,Ni).88As.12 (Ru,Cu,Os,Ni,Ir).37S.63

Mineral Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir,Ni,Pt)2S5 Unnamed (Ni,Ru,Os,Ir,Rh)4S5 Unnamed (Pt,Ir,Ni,Os)3(As,Sb)7 Unnamed (Rh,Ir,Ni)2(As,S,Sb)5? Unnamed (Rh,Ir,Pt,Ni)2(As,Sb,S)5 Unnamed (Pt,Ir,Ni)(As,Sb)2 Unnamed ~(Ni,Cu,Ru,Rh,Os,Ir)S2 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir)3S7 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir)2S5 Unnamed (Os,Ir,Ru)3S7 Unnamed ~(Os,Ir,Ru,Ni)4(As,S,Bi)5 Millerite? Unnamed (Ni,Fe,Co,Rh)5S4 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir)2S5 Laurite? (Ru,Os,Ir,Ni)2S5? Osarsite (Os,Ru,Ir)AsS or omeiite? Ruarsite (Ru,Os,Ir)AsS Unnamed (Ir,Ru,Os,Rh,Cu,Ni)3(S,As)7? Omeiite (Os,Ru,Ir)(As,S)2 Menshikovite (Pd,Cu)3(Ni,Cu)2As3 Arsenopalladinite (Pd,Cu,Ni)3(As,Sb) Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir,Pt)2S5 Platarsite or unnamed (Pt,Ir,Ru,Os)2(S,As)5 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir,Pt)3(S,As)7 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir,Pt)2S5 Unnamed (Pt,Ir)3(As,Sb)7 Hollingworthite (Rh,Cu,Ru,Pt,Ir,Ni,Os)(S,As)2 Hollingworthite? (Rh,Ir,Cu,Pt,Ni,Ru)4S5As4 Braggite? (Pt,Pd,Ni,Cu)5S6? Vysotskite? (Pd,Pt,Ni,Cu)5S6 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir,Ni,Co)2S5 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir,Ni)2S5 Unnamed (Ir,Rh,Ni,Pt,Os)(S,As,Sb)3 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir)2S5 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Cu,Ir,Ni)3S7 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Cu,Ir,Ni)3S7 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ir,Cu)2S5 Millerite? Stibiopalladinite (Pd,Cu,Ni) 5(Sb,As)2 Native palladium Unnamed (Ru,Os,Cu,Ir)3S7 Sperrylite (Pt,Ir,Ni)As2 Unnamed (Ru,Os,Ni,Ir)4As5S5 Hexaferrum? ~(Fe,Ni,Co)6Ru? Unnamed Cu2(Pt,Ir,Ni,Rh)4S7 Malanite Cu(Pt,Ir,Rh,Ni,Cu)2S4 Sperrylite Pt(As,Se)2 Unnamed, known from Talnakh and Ethiopia Unnamed (Pt,Ir)(As,Sb)6? alloy (Ru,Cu,Os,Ir,Ni)3(S,As)7 (Pt,Ir)3(As,Se,Sb)7? Unnamed (Pd,Ir)2(As,S,Sb,Sn)3 Unnamed (Rh,Ir)2(S,As)5 (Ru,Os,Cu,Ir)2S5 (Ru,Os,Ir)2S5 Unnamed ~(Pd,Cu,Ni)9As? Unnamed (Ru,Cu)3S5

Comments ~5x6 μm part of composite grain ~2x4 μm part of composite grain with -009 ~5x6 μm part of composite grain with -017 ~2x2 μm part of composite grain with -015 and -019 ~3x3 μm part of composite grain with -015 and -017 ~3x7 μm Rim on ~3x3 μm Core to ~3x3 μm ~3x4 μm subhedral ~4x12 μm plus -009 end ~3x4 μm on end 4x12 μm 0.73% Co. ~0.5x2 μm. PGE might be skirt. 7.96% Co. Part of composite grain. ~4x6 μm main part of composite grain ~4x4 μm