PLANTS GROW With LED LIGHTING Next generation illumination For competitiveness of friendly environment agriculture

PARUS www.parus.co.kr

PARUS 1. Outline of LED lighting for growing plants. 2. Necessity of LED lighting for growing plants. 3. How do plants grow with LED lighting? 4. Characteristic of PARUS LED lighting for growing plants. Field Applications. 5. Product introduction.

1. Outline of LED lighting for growing plants.

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Grow plants by artificial lighting -The age of Edison-

Human beings have constantly continued the expansion of space and tim e development with the invention of artificial lighting. Human productivi ty has increased by various application of artificial lighting since the time of Edison especially in the fields of agriculture, livestock and fishing indus tries.

The light revolution has begun The age of LED

At present, agricultural industries are facing a turning point with the adve nt of semiconductor LED. Existing lighting has a wide wave range designe d for human sight. On the other hand, LED lighting has a capability of gro wing plants with computer accuracy emitting short wavelength that effec ts plants and insects. During the 1960s, LED was first used to grow plants in outer space by NAS A. Today, it is has many practical uses in various fields due to low-cost ma ss production. In the 1980s, Japan started applying LED to grow high-qua lity vegetables and flowers. Because of this, a steady supply of high-quali ty seedlings has been made possible to suppliers all-year round, as well as medicinal and industrial plants. LED lighting is not just a general trend but becoming an essential tool for survival in today’s competitive market as its application becomes more di verse. PARUS is the strong partner for raising your competitiveness in business e nvironment, more so in these times of crisis.

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2. Necessity of LED lighting for growing lighting.

Change of climate and environment

The demands of the times - Energy Saving Environmentally friendly agriculture

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At present, the world is facing food crisis caused by climate change and in dustrialization resulting in the decrease of crop harvests. This crisis is fore seen to get worse over time. Energy reduction is a worldwide trend that also includes the participation from the agricultural industry. Objective: 2013, all light bulbs disappear. Using over-dosed chemical fertilizer or pesticide for plants cultivation is an outdated technique, demands for growth also mean being harmless t o humans and considering environmental problems.

PARUS LED lighting process technology - Regardless of climate change, all-year-round production is possible. - Over 80% more of energy saving than with light bulb. - Environmentally friendly technology, using no mercury or heavy metal. - No use of chemical fertilizer to effectively grow plants. -LED lighting technology can dramatically reduce the use of pesticide and insect control.

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3. How do plants grow with LED lighting?

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Solar radiation range.

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100

50

0 200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Wavelength(nm) Ultraviolet

Light that plants need

Visible rays

Infrared rays

Solar radiation has various diffusions and absorption is only possible with wavelen gths from 300nm to 3.000nm. Human eyes perceive 380-780nm wavelengths, and distinguish between light and color. The light of the green color (555nm) is detected more sensibly than the othe r colors.

Spectrum of plants absorption

Radiation effects to plants is physically effect radiation (300-800nm)and photosynthesis effect radiation(PAR : 400~700nm). Those radiation absorb mid-blue colors and red colors, reflect green colors (so plants reflect green color seen green)

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3. How do plant grow with LED lighting?

Range of effects a wavelength has on a plant

Wavelength absorption of plant : chlorophyll operation(440nm, 655nm), photosynthesis operation(430nm, 670nm) Detection wavelength of insects : 280nm ~ 580nm Detection wavelength of fish : 480nm ~ 510nm

An operation effect a wavelength having on to a plant wavelength (nm) Infrared rays

1400~1000

Redyellow green yellow

.

780

Stimulate the growth of the plant.

700

Blocks germination (730nm). Photosynthesis operation at 670nm maximum.

660

Chlorophyll operation at 655nm maximum. Germination operation and flower bud formation and leaf distribution (660nm).

610

No benefit on photosynthesis but prevention of harmful insects (580-650nm).

510

Little absorption by yellow pigments (485nm).

430~440

Photosynthesis operation at 430nm maximum. Chlorophyll operation at 440nm maximum. Prevention of harmful insects.

UV-A

400 ~ 315

Leaves of plants can be thickened. Ager promotion operation of pigment. Prevention of harmful insects.

UV-B

280

Operation highly affecting plants processes, like the immunity formation, etc. May be harmful on plants if this wavelength is too intense.

UV-C

100

Operation rapidly drying plants.

blue

Ultraviol et rays

No activity detected on plants at this wavelength. Only heat effect

IR-A

red

Visible rays

Activity effect

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3. How do plants grow with LED lighting?

Brightness of suitable Lighting for plants

The unit commonly used is based on human visual senses since most of the lights have been deve loped for people. However, photosynthesis is not perceptible for the human sight. For example, the reception of the blue wavelength (450nm) is 3,8%. If the green wavelength has t he same energy as the blue wavelength, the human sight perceives a wavelength of about 4%. In order to create efficient light intensity in growing plants, we must agree on a unit based on the ph otosynthesis characteristics. PPFD (Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density)

Light saturation point and light compensation point of all kinds of plants – A Fluorescent lamp basis growing plants

light saturation point lx (PPFD)

light compensation point lx (PPFD)

tomato, watermelon

70,000 lx (847)

3,000 lx (36)

cucumber

55,000 lx (665)

2,000 lx (24)

pea

40,000 lx (484)

2,000 lx (24)

lettuce, pepper

25,000 lx (302)

1,500 lx (18)

grape

40,000 lx (484)

400 lx (5)

orange

40,000 lx (484)

200 lx (2.5)

pear

40,000 lx (484)

300 lx (3.6)

peach

40,000 lx (484)

400 lx (5)

fig

40,000 lx (484)

1,000 lx (12)

saintpaulia

5,000 lx (60)

500 lx (6)

orchid

10,000 lx (121)

300 lx (3.6)

cyclamen

15,000 lx (181)

300 lx (3.6)

ginseng

12,000 lx (145)

500 lx (6)

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3. How do plants grow with LED lighting?

Differences between classic light ing and LED lighting to influence plants activities and processes

Even if the artificial lighting is as bright as for the human perception (real life simulation), th ere is a significant difference observed for plants depending on the lights used. As bright as 10.000 lx and in the same conditions, the extent of what plants perceive of LED lighting for growing is several times more effective than with a simple light bulb or a fluorescent lamp. Concerning photosynthesis application, LED lighting makes it possible to achieve maximum efficiency by just using a narrow wavelength. LED lighting on plants is therefore a successful and valuable necessity.

Lighted 10000 LX on same condition

Grow Lighting PPFD, PRFD 100

等しい条件で 1万 Lx の調査

1000

Fluorescent wavelength

900 50

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PARUS LED Glow Light Wavelength

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700 600 500 400 300 200 100

50

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0 PRFD(W m-2)

LED

光合成放射線密度

0 250

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PPFD(µmol m-2 s-1) 光合成光量子束密度

太陽 SUN

Incandesce 白熱灯 nt

蛍光灯 Fluorescent

メタル灯 HPS

LED-RB

LED-R

LED-b

LED-G

LED-Y

42

45

31

36

210

195

228

26

26

168

200

121

155

930

870

760

99

110

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3. How do plants grow with LED lighting?

PPFD / Watt

LED Single Wavelength

LED Ratio R:B

Full Spectrum

LED Single Wavelength Fluorescent 18W HID(HPS) 45W White LED 12000K White LED 6500K White LED 3000K LED RBC (UV IR) LED RBC (IR) LED RBC (blue) LED RBC (std) RFB 1:2:7 RFB 7:2:1 RB 8(660):2 RB 8(630):2 RB 1:9 RB 2:8 RB 3:7 RB 4:6 RB 5:5 RB 6:4 RB 7:3 RB 8:2 RB 9:1 660nm 630nm 600nm 590nm 525nm 475nm 455nm 450nm 400nm

2.56 2.51 16.76 16.81 15.45 16.40 20.20 20.30 19.50

LED Ratio Red : Blue

15.60 17.21 19.36 20.43 20.64 20.34 20.86 21.24 22.38 21.96 21.74 21.32

Full Spectrum

23.37 19.58 24.73 7.52 5.05 10.42 17.97 23.58 21.31 2.45

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

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3. How do plants grow with LED lighting? PPFD/Watt vs. Grow 30.00

Crops : Dill

25.00 20.00 15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 RB RB RFB 400nm 450nm 455nm 475nm 525nm 590nm 600nm 630nm 660nm RB 9:1 RB 8:2 RB 7:3 RB 6:4 RB 5:5 RB 4:6 RB 3:7 RB 2:8 RB 1:9 8(630) 8(660) 7:2:1 :2 :2

RFB 1:2:7

LED LED RBC RBC (std) (blue)

White Fluores LED White White LED LED HID(HP cent LED RBC RBC LED 12000 S) 45W 18W (IR) (UV IR) 3000K 6500K K

PPFD/W 2.45 21.31 23.58 17.97 10.42

5.05

7.52

24.73 19.58 23.37 21.32 21.74 21.96 22.38 21.24 20.86 20.34 20.64 20.43 19.36 17.21 15.60 19.50 20.30 20.20 16.40 15.45 16.81 16.76

2.51

2.56

Grow

0.04

0.45

7.75 14.34 22.06 22.66 19.42 17.56 12.01 15.10 9.13

8.08

0.49

0.22

6.00

9.44

3.60

0.36

9.20

8.11

12.20 13.78 14.50

8.88

13.68 18.70 11.60 14.58

5.10

4.43

3.76

35 30

Crops : Dill

25 20 15 10 5 0

RB RB RFB 400nm 450nm 455nm 475nm 525nm 590nm 600nm 630nm 660nm RB 9:1 RB 8:2 RB 7:3 RB 6:4 RB 5:5 RB 4:6 RB 3:7 RB 2:8 RB 1:9 8(630): 8(660): 7:2:1 2 2

RFB 1:2:7

RBC (std)

RBC (blue)

RBC RBC W3000 W6500 W1200 HID FL 18W (IR) (UV IR) K K 0K 45W

Taste

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Color

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Height

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Weight

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Size

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3. How do plant grow with LED lighting? Categories of growing plants and their application form

PARUS Plants factory seeding factory

section

object

Kind of plants

PPFD (μmol m-2s-1 )

Perfect closed form

Stability product

lettuce, ginseng etc.

310

Light of the sun + artificial illumination

Stability product

lettuce, industrial crop etc.

145

perfect closed form (shelf method)

Mass stability product

Tomato etc.

150

chrysanthemum

0.5~1

strawberries

0.2~0.8

carnation

0.5

greens

70

Pansy nursery plant

20

Floricultural crop

12

pea

150

cherry, peach, grape

30~250

grape

2

rose

5

prevention

Cucumber nursery plant

25

into ingredient control

spinach

200

Disease prevention

Strawberries etc.

150

Closed environment

Ornamental foliage plant

7~15

Solar + artificial lightening

Floricultural crop etc.

70

Solar +artificial lightening

spinach , Floricultural crop Etc.

70

lighting growing

Blooming control

Stability product

Flower abscission control

Facilities Horticulture Supplemental lighting growing

coloring recuperation

inside ornamental plant

Supplemental lighting growing

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PARUS lighting features for growing plants - Optimal wavelength condition offer to cultivate a plant by using PARUS patent technique. - Trouble-free utilization (no device needed), runs like a common light. - No risk: waterproof, damp proof and anti-damage system. - It is possible to create diverse structural installations from 15,30,60,90 to 180° research methods. - Long-lasting product life expectancy / low power use / PPFD 300μmol m-2s-1 (10W ~ 60W)

Patented Technology

植物成長に適合した多様な波長の具現 365nm ~ 850nm, 植物成長, 病害虫防除

形態別,種類別,照明開発及び生産 小型照明から特殊型,大型照明 MR16, E26,27, G13, Linear, Panel, Light Box

Hi-Power型 LED照明

300Watt以上の植物栽培LED照明 PPFD 2,500 µmol m-2s-1（光源100mm）

植物工場用LED照明 無線制御システム,防熱管理システム,養液,環境 管理システム,波長及び光度,パルス自動制御

PARUS LED Grow Light - Technology Patented Technology

PARUS technology -Accumulated know-how through long-term of R&D -Holding patent source invention of grow plants using LED light system -Holding technology of product variety wavelength LED and lighting fixtures -Holding patent technology of heating process

PARUS Verification -PARUS institute conducts its own test of growth -Using supplied products at Japan, Europe, U.S.A. etc.

Deduct best LED short- length for plant growth course Realization LED light through discover best spectrum for making chlorophyll and photosynthesis. ⅰ)Photosynthesis : The greatest is 670nm of red light, secondarily greatest is 430nm of blue light ⅱ)Composition chlorophyll : The biggest is 655nm of red light, secondarily biggest is 440 of blue light

PFL 600

-Flowering plants : chrysanthemum, rose, carnation, gypsophila, gerbera, lily, orchid, etc. -vegetables : tomato, paprika, red pepper, cucumber, spinach, lettuce, leaf of green, paprika, eggplant green pepper etc -Fruit vegetable : strawberry, watermelon, melon, pumpkin, fig etc. - Fruit : grape, tangerine etc -Special crops : mushroom, ginseng, moss, codonopsis lancelate etc.

PARUS LED Grow Light - Solutions Patented Technology

Application test for each plant

Application to a plant factory

The data is calculated with application of data in the wavelength analysis system in order to identify optimum growth wavelengths, lighting intensities, pulses, and duty rates, etc.

Based on the obtained data, the culture test is conducted in order to configure other data related with culture.

Automatic culture is performed by the control system when the configuration data is formatted and inputted in the control computer.

20~30 days are taken.

20~40 days are taken.

Configuration of the optimum LED wavelength for each plant

Solution by LED Grow light

Problems of current agriculture 1. Environmental problems and shortage of food by global warming? 2. High energy expense? Energy reduction? 3. Productivity rise and differentiation? Efficiency maximization? 4. Product and income decrease annually by climatic change? 5. Severe competition by FTA globalization

Solution

1. Available product by 247 and unrelated with climatic change 2. High efficiency low expense (decrease 70% expense, increase 20% income) 3. Increase agricultural compatibility 4. LED light system is future agriculture development field for counter plan of climatic change 5. Agrichemical-free : ability of composing blue ocean by green-marketing

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4. FIELD APPLICATION

Environmental cleansing and no power system Disease and pest injury control Environmental cleansing by light alluring, eradiation propagation delay control Disease prevention and therapy

Plants grow blooming, budding, cut flower, embryophore, immunity, Flower bud formation etc.

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catalyst (abstraction, disinfection, water quality, gas cleansing) By using solar system no power automanagement

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PARUS Factory : S-Korea, Shanghai China, Research Agent [email protected]