Physics 1304-001

Homework 4

Fall 2015

1) Which of the following played the most important role in the ring's formation? 1) _______ A) tidal resonance with Titan B) Saturn's Roche limit C) Saturn's distance from the Sun D) debris from volcanoes on Mimas E) Saturn's differential rotation 2) Which of these spacecraft did not go to Jupiter? 2) _______ A) Galileo B) Voyager 2 C) Mariner 9 D) Cassini E) Voyager I 3) The wind speeds found in the bands and zones of Saturn, compared to those on Jupiter, are about _______ A) 2 times faster. B) the same. C) 2 times slower. D) 3 times slower. E) 3 times faster. 4) How were the rings of Uranus discovered? 4) _______ A) by Voyager 2 when it passed by Uranus in 1986 B) by Percival Lowell, who observed two "bumps" on either side of Uranus C) by William Herschel, while he also found the two largest moons D) by the Hubble Space Telescope in the infrared E) photometric observations of the occultation of a star made from Earth 5) Which three played a role in the finding of Neptune? 5) _______ A) Herschel, Hubble, and Einstein B) Adams, Leverrier, and Galle C) Newton, Einstein, and Tombaugh D) Shapley, Hubble, and Whipple E) Bode, Herschel, and Fraunhofer 6) Which of the following discoveries was NOT made by Voyager 1 or 2? 6) _______ A) Jupiter's magnetosphere extends beyond the orbit of Saturn. B) Jupiter's moons are as varied as the surfaces of the terrestrial planets. C) Jupiter has an encircling ring. D) Jupiter's Great Red Spot is characterized by swirling patterns much like a hurricane. E) Jupiter has cloud bands in its upper atmosphere. 7) Saturn is noticeably oblate because 7) _______ A) it is a fluid body that is spinning rapidly. B) its powerful gravity acts stronger on the closer poles than the distant equator. C) it is tidally distorted by the pulls for its satellite system. D) it has strong magnetic fields that deform its shape. E) All of the above are correct. 8) How large is Jupiter's magnetosphere? A) It extends inward to the orbit of Mars.

8) _______

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3)

Physics 1304-001

Homework 4

Fall 2015

B) It is about as large as the Earth's. C) It is so large it extends out to the orbit of Io. D) It envelopes even the Sun and rest of the solar system. E) It is a million times the volume of the Earth's, extending beyond the orbit of Saturn. 9) Hubble Space Telescope photos have shown us: 9) _______ A) the Great Dark Spot of Neptune vanished in 1995. B) Uranus weather has produced more prominent patterns as equinox approaches. C) the rings of Uranus show up better in infrared than in visible light. D) Neptune still has more activity than Uranus, despite its distance from the Sun. E) All of the above are correct. 10) What is thought to lie at the center of Jupiter? 10) ______ A) a hot sea of liquid metallic hydrogen B) a fusion core like the Sun's, with hydrogen being turned into helium C) a massive core of rocky materials with some iron mixed in D) a solid core of crystalline helium E) gaseous hydrogen and helium, for Jupiter is not differentiated like Earth 11) Uranus was discovered 11) ______ A) by Galileo. B) after examining perturbations in Neptune's orbit. C) with a radio telescope. D) thousands of years ago. E) less than 250 years ago. 12) Essentially, the Great Red Spot is 12) ______ A) always located within 10 degrees of Jupiter's north pole. B) Neptune's largest atmospheric feature. C) composed primarily of iron oxide. D) traveling north and south across Jupiter's face. E) a large cyclonic storm (hurricane). 13) How does the mass of Jupiter compare with that of the other planets? 13) ______ A) It is slightly larger and more massive than Saturn. B) It is twice as massive as all other planets combined. C) It is about a tenth the mass of the Sun. D) It is similar to that of the Earth and Venus. E) It is almost as massive as Saturn. 14) Which of the following is true about the seasons on Uranus? 14) ______ A) Like Jupiter, Uranus has little tilt, with its equator always facing the Sun. B) From the uranian equator, the Sun would remain stationary all the time. C) The Uranian rotation axis produces some extreme seasonal effects. D) Uranus' weather will become less turbulent as equinox approaches in 2010. E) The seasons on Uranus are not unlike those on Earth or Mars. 15) Which statements about the magnetic fields of Uranus and Neptune is FALSE? A) Both pass directly through the cores of their planets, like all other fields.

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15) ______

Physics 1304-001

Homework 4

B) Uranus' field is tilted 60 degrees off its already tilted rotational axis. C) Neptune's field is tilted 47 degrees to its more conventional rotational axis. D) Both may have ammonia water replacing the liquid metallic hydrogen. E) Neither fits the Dynamo model very well. 16) What is interesting about Jupiter's rotation period? A) It is the slowest in the solar system. B) It is the fastest in the solar system. C) It is the same as its orbital period. D) It is the same as Earth's. E) It is the same as the Sun's.

16) ______

17) In 1846, Johann Galle found Neptune 17) ______ A) after many years of searching for it. B) exactly where he predicted it would be. C) using just a pair of binoculars. D) a few degrees from where it was predicted to be. E) using grossly inaccurate star charts. 18) Shepherd satellites are defined as: 18) ______ A) moons that orbit inside the system of rings. B) moons that confine a narrow ring. C) a type of moon that orbits another moon. D) satellites in the coma of a comet. E) moons that follow the exact orbit of another, larger, moon. 19) On Bode's advice, Herschel named his newly discovered planet after 19) ______ A) the king of England. B) his benefactor. C) the Greek god of the sea. D) the father of Saturn. E) the Roman god of the underworld. 20) The shepherd moons keep the ring particles in their rings by 20) ______ A) attracting the ring particles, causing them to speed up or slow down. B) both attracting and repelling the ring particles, causing them to speed up or slow down. C) attracting the ring particles, cauing them speed up. D) repelling the ring particles, causing them to speed up or slow down. E) repelling the ring particles, causing them to slow down. 21) In addition to Saturn's Titan, which other moon has a nitrogen atmosphere? 21) ______ A) Jupiter's Europa B) Neptune's Triton C) Pluto's Charon D) Jupiter's Ganymede E) Uranus' Titania 22) How many large moons does Saturn have? A) 2

22) ______

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Fall 2015

Physics 1304-001

Homework 4

Fall 2015

B) 3 C) 1 D) 0 E) 4 23) The atmosphere of Titan is composed mostly of: A) nitrogen. B) oxygen. C) hydrogen. D) methane. E) carbon dioxide.

23) ______

24) The only spacecraft to have visited Uranus and Neptune was:24) ______ A) Pioneer 11. B) Voyager 2. C) Pioneer 10. D) Cassini. E) Voyager 1. 25) What is erupting out of the geysers on Triton? A) liquid water with basalt B) liquid methane with a dark hydrocarbon slush C) liquid carbon dioxide with graphite D) liquid hydrogen with dark helium ash E) liquid nitrogen with carbon grit

25) ______

26) What is the name used to describe the dark bands encircling Jupiter? 26) ______ A) zonal flows B) convection cells C) brown stripes D) belts E) zones 27) Together which two gases make up 99% of Jupiter's atmosphere? A) Ammonia and Methane B) Hydrogen and Ammonia C) Water Vapor and Methane D) Hydrogen and Helium E) Helium and Ammonia 28) What is the source of Jupiter's nonthermal radio radiation? A) the Great Red Spot B) charged particles moving in a magnetic field C) the gravitational attraction of Jupiter's moons D) metallic hydrogen swirling in the planet's interior E) thermonuclear fusion in Jupiter's core

27) ______

28) ______

29) The masses of Neptune and Uranus were first determined by 29) ______ A) their compositions.

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Physics 1304-001

Homework 4

Fall 2015

B) observations of the motions of their satellites. C) their densities divided by their volumes. D) observations of their magnetic fields. E) observations of their motions around the Sun. 30) Which of the Galilean moons is the densest and most geologically active? A) Titan B) Io C) Callisto D) Europa E) Ganymede

30) ______

31) Titan is an interesting moon because: 31) ______ A) it is known to have ice volcanism on its surface. B) it has a rich atmosphere that may resemble that of the early Earth. C) beneath its clouds, Titan may be Earth-like, with liquid water. D) the Huygens rover has sent back images of sedimentary rocks there. E) all of the above 32) What did the Voyager mission discover about Cassini's Division? A) It is completely filled with a ring of very dark material. B) The spokes originate from it. C) It actually contains one or more moons. D) It is actually completely empty of all ring material. E) It contains several ringlets.

32) ______

33) Small deviations in a planet's orbital motion 33) ______ A) show we don't fully understand gravitational forces yet. B) imply the nearby presence of a massive body. C) indicate the presence of an extensive atmosphere. D) indicate the presence of a powerful magnetic field. E) show the planet's orbit isn't stable. 34) Shepherd moons were discovered because scientists hypothesized their existence after observing ______ A) the backlit E Ring. B) the narrow F Ring. C) the Cassini Gap. D) that the gaps are not empty space, but low density regions of material. E) the spiral density waves in the ring system.

34)

35) What is the space probe that is currently oribing Saturn and is responisble for numerous discoveries of storms and weather patterns in Saturn's atmosphere called? 35) ______ A) New Horizons. B) Messenger. C) Galileo. D) Cassini. E) Encke.

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Physics 1304-001

Homework 4

Fall 2015

36) Why does Saturn radiate even more excess energy than Jupiter? 36) ______ A) Saturn is still radiating heat left over from its formation. B) Saturn can fuse hydrogen into helium in its core, like the Sun. C) Saturn's thick cloud layer contributes to a larger greenhouse effect. D) Saturn's atmosphere contains much methane, creating a large Greenhouse effect. E) Helium rain gives off heat as it differentiates toward Saturn's center. 37) What would Jupiter have needed to have become a star? A) more moons B) a higher density C) more mass D) a slower rotation, like the Sun E) a different chemical composition

37) ______

38) Which of the Uranian moons displays the widest range of surface terrains, suggesting some catastrophic disruption? 38) ______ A) Puck B) Oberon

C) Umbriel

D) Miranda

E) Ariel

39) If you could find a bathtub big enough for Saturn, the planet would: 39) ______ A) catch fire, as liquid sodium reacts with water. B) float. C) sink due to its metallic interior. D) precipitate more helium. E) explode due to its liquid metallic hydrogen. 40) What makes Mimas a distinct moon? 40) ______ A) It has a rich atmosphere that may resemble that of the early Earth. B) It suffered a huge meteorite impact that must have nearly shattered it. C) It helps maintain a wide apparent gap in Saturn's rings, known as Encke's Division. D) The leading hemisphere is very dark, while the back side is bright ice. E) It is the largest of Saturn's moons. 41) How does the heat Jupiter radiates compare to the energy it receives from the Sun? A) They are equal, as you would expect for a highly reflective planet. B) Jupiter radiates back into space about twice the energy it gets from the Sun. C) Jupiter is a red dwarf, about a tenth the Sun's luminosity. D) Jupiter's dark belts absorb most of the solar radiation, so it is cooler in the infrared. E) Jupiter is a brown dwarf, about a hundred times less luminous than the Sun. 42) The only spacecraft to go into orbit around Jupiter was: A) Galileo. B) Pioneer 10. C) Viking I. D) Cassini. E) Voyager 2.

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42) ______

41) ______