undergraduate brochure 2011

engineering and physical sciences

www.manchester.ac.uk/physics

physics and astronomy

the facts

• One of the largest and most respected schools of Physics and Astronomy in Britain with top ratings for both teaching and research • Guaranteed accommodation for all first-years • Recent £60 million extension and refurbishment of the Physics buildings creating state-of-the-art facilities • 4 million books in one of the UK’s best university libraries • 99% student satisfaction – the best rating for any English Physics department • Best careers service in the UK • Jodrell Bank Observatory, renowned centre for radio astronomy, is part of our School • The UK’s largest students’ union • Well-equipped laboratories, including rooftop optical and radio telescopes • The most popular university – with more undergraduate applications than any other British university

www.manchester.ac.uk/physics

contents

‘Manchester is a place for individuals, brilliant kids who like to do their own thing… and if you are ready it will release you to do the same...’ The Virgin Guide to British Universities

The University

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Physics and Astronomy at Manchester

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Course details

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Find out more

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Contact details

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Campus map

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City map

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With a distinguished history of academic achievement and an ambitious agenda for the future, The University of Manchester offers you a learning experience rooted in a rich educational heritage and boosted by cutting-edge research and innovation – all at the heart of one of the world’s most vibrant cities.

the university Innovative

Internationally renowned

Our tradition of success in learning and research stretches back over 180 years. The birth of the modern computer, the splitting of the atom, the founding principles of present-day economics – all these and many more world-changing innovations have their roots here, at The University of Manchester.

Since 2005, the University has risen 12 places in the influential Academic Ranking of World Universities Survey conducted by Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, from 53rd to 41st in the world, and seventh in Europe – confirming us as a progressive and world-class teaching and research institution.

Distinguished

Ambitious

Rated third in the UK in terms of ‘research power’ in the last Research Assessment Exercise, we enjoy a global reputation for our pioneering research, which informs our problem-based approach to undergraduate learning. More than 5,800 academic and research staff – many leaders in their fields, with international reputations – provide stimulating learning environments and excellent standards of teaching.

Our mission is to become one of the world’s top 25 universities by 2015 and the preferred destination for the best teachers, researchers and students. It’s a goal that we’re well on the way to achieving, backed by a major investment programme in facilities, staff and buildings.

Cosmopolitan Our campus is home to more than 37,000 students from around 150 countries, and based within a city with a long tradition of welcoming and celebrating diversity.

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www.manchester.ac.uk/physics

Successful

Full of opportunity

As a Manchester graduate, you will join a prestigious hall of fame, including 23 Nobel Prize winners among our current and former staff and students. Our worldwide community of 230,000 graduates can be found in top positions in every imaginable field, including Sir Terry Leahy, chief executive of Tesco; HE George Maxwell Richards, President of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago; writer/performer Meera Syal and musicians The Chemical Brothers.

Employers actively target University of Manchester graduates, giving you excellent job prospects. You can take advantage of countless exciting personal development opportunities and professional careers advice from a university careers service that has consistently been voted the best in the UK by graduate recruiters.

Responsible

Choose The University of Manchester and you will join one of Britain’s most forward-thinking universities, which builds on its success year on year – and invites you to do the same.

Award-winning environmental practices include comprehensive, cross-campus recycling facilities and the monitoring of energy usage, while campus shops and catering outlets demonstrate our commitment to Fairtrade products.

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physics and astronomy at manchester The University of Manchester is home to one of the largest and most active schools of Physics and Astronomy in Britain. Our tradition has been established by many eminent teachers and research workers, including ten Nobel Prize winners, such as Rutherford, Bohr, Bragg and Blackett. We are the only UK Physics department to be both in the top five for the volume of world-leading and internationally excellent research, and to have the maximum rating for teaching and student support.

A reputation for success Manchester has an outstanding historical record of achievements in science and engineering. First among these is probably the discovery of the atomic nucleus, which occurred during Ernest Rutherford’s period as Professor of Physics at Manchester. In that time, Rutherford also showed that nuclei were not immutable, but could be “split”. His first observation of a nuclear disintegration marked the beginning of nuclear physics. Today, Manchester maintains its position as a leading centre for research in nuclear and elementary particle physics, with Manchester physicists helping to run two experiments at the LHC at CERN that aim to discover the Higgs particle, thought to be responsible for the origin of mass. Astronomy also has an illustrious past and vibrant current research programme. The world-famous Jodrell Bank telescope is part of the School and researchers using it discovered the first gravitational lens, the first celestial maser and more pulsars than any other telescope. Our condensed matter physicists are leading the world in preparing and studying the properties of graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms. The School also has strong research programmes in many other areas, including photon physics, low temperature physics, biological physics, nanophysics and all aspects of theoretical physics.

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www.manchester.ac.uk/physics

Excellence in teaching and learning The international reputation of the School rests equally on its teaching and its research, with the diversity and excellence of our research reflected in the quality of the teaching and the range of topics available to undergraduates. We have a steady influx of new research physicists and teachers, and continually revise our teaching and research activities. Staff from the School have written The Manchester Physics Series, a set of 14 undergraduate textbooks published by Wiley, which have sold over a quarter of a million copies worldwide. Brian Cox, the presenter of many Horizon and other scientific TV programmes, was originally an undergraduate on our course, and is now a professor in our School.

tutorials. Tutorials are one of the reasons why staffstudent relations in the School are lively and informal. In the latest National Student Survey, our students returned a score of 99% for overall satisfaction – the highest for any Physics department in the country. Students are represented on the committees that supervise the teaching activities of the School. We also encourage new undergraduates to participate in the social, sporting, musical and other events that are organised by student societies within the School. Such events provide an excellent opportunity for informal staff-student contact.

Manchester has the only Physics department in the UK to be both in the top five for the volume of worldleading and internationally excellent research, and to have the maximum rating for teaching and student support, as reported by the RAE and QAA Government assessment panels respectively. Each year, we take in about 250 new undergraduate and 70 new postgraduate students. There are more than 80 members of the academic staff and more than 100 research fellows and associates. Our good staff-student ratio enables us to provide an unusually wide range of lecture course units and allows teaching in small group 5

Contact with industry is important for a physics school. Our research activities have continually attracted industrial support. A number of sponsorships and summer job placements are normally available with companies that collaborate with our research teams.

Visiting days Where practical, promising applicants will be invited to attend one of our visiting days, which are held regularly between October and March. These start with registration and a buffet lunch, and give you the opportunity to see the School at first hand, to ask questions and to meet members of staff and current students. You will also have an informal 30-minute interview with a member of staff. This will help us determine the most appropriate offer. Your parents can also attend the visiting day and we arrange a separate programme for them.

Scholarships and bursaries Students in the School of Physics and Astronomy are eligible for scholarships that can be awarded in addition to those offered by the University (see page 31). These scholarships currently offer up to £2,000 to all new students (including those from overseas) who achieve three A grades at A-level (excluding General Studies), or the equivalent in other national or international qualifications.

Teaching, learning and assessment Physics is a living subject with all the excitement of new discoveries and new ideas. There is the intellectual satisfaction of understanding the difficult concepts of quantum theory and relativity, the challenge of understanding everyday physical phenomena and the satisfaction of building and using scientific apparatus. Our courses provide a secure foundation in the basic principles of classical and quantum physics from both a theoretical and an experimental viewpoint. And, because of the diversity of interests of a large School, we are able to make available a wide range of options, from computing to theoretical physics. An undergraduate physics degree at Manchester therefore embraces a broad range of topics that are both practically useful and intellectually stimulating. All aspects of our teaching programme are monitored by student questionnaires, which provide valuable feedback to the individual teacher and to the School as a whole. As a large School, we can deploy our teaching resources in many ways and, whenever possible, we use this flexibility to enhance and improve the courses. The academic year at Manchester starts in late September and is divided into two semesters, each with 12 weeks of teaching, plus several more for study and examinations. Most lecture course units comprise 24 lectures over a single semester. Examinations normally take place in late January and in May/June.

www.manchester.ac.uk/eps/intschol

A typical teaching week in the first year consists of 12 lectures, a physics tutorial, a mathematics tutorial, a physics and mathematics workshop and one day in the laboratory. A well-organised routine of private study is essential for a deep understanding of the new ideas that emerge as the course develops. To encourage this, example sheets are issued at regular intervals, and these often form the basis for discussions in the tutorials.

The majority of our students receive some financial award, with the average amount being around £2,200.

Assessment in the first two years is mainly by written examinations, with about 25% of the total marks from

The Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences is offering scholarships of £2,000 per year for the most highly qualified international undergraduate students. All international students who are holding an offer of a place within the Faculty will be automatically considered for a scholarship. For details of eligibility, see:

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www.manchester.ac.uk/physics

continuous assessment. The fraction of continually assessed work rises in the third and fourth years.

Lectures The lecturer describes – often with the aid of demonstrations – the basic principles of the subject and provides the information essential for its proper understanding. Of course, lecturing styles differ widely and are often influenced by the size of the class. A core lecture to more than 200 students may well be more formal than a lecture on an option course unit to 20 students, but nevertheless healthy discussion often develops, particularly at the end of the lecture. Most students find that the lectures are indispensable to acquiring a good understanding of the subject. At Manchester, we have a policy that members of staff lecture a particular subject for at most six years, so each subject gets a regular spring clean.

Tutorials A tutorial is a weekly meeting between small group of students and a member of the academic staff, or a research scientist. It provides an informal setting for an exchange of views, problems, opinions and information; an occasion when you can discuss physics problems with your tutor and with fellow students. In particular, tutorials deal with the examples sheets on the lecture course units. The tutorial is not only an important part of the education process, but also one of the avenues for establishing student-staff relationships. In the first year, you have tutorials in both physics and mathematics. In addition to tutorials, there are weekly workshops where you will work in groups with the support of a member of staff and two assistants. The tutorial system is augmented by our Teaching Help Service, which also allows you to come and have one-on-one tuition with a member of staff as and when themed arises.

Laboratory work Students work in pairs in the teaching laboratory and may select from a wide range of experiments. Some develop practical skills and experimental techniques, while others demonstrate the existence of physical phenomena. You have the opportunity to gain experience with modern equipment such as lasers, computers and low-temperature cryostats. Demonstrators provide guidance and encouragement to explore the various facets of the experiment. The ability to communicate clearly and persuasively is also important and, to encourage this, the results of each experiment are discussed with a member of staff, and several of the experiments are presented as written reports. In your first year, the experiments generally last two or three working days. By the third and fourth years, they become more extensive and sophisticated projects, which typically take around 20 days. Some of the fourth-year projects involve working with the School’s research groups. These projects can extend to 40 days and can, on occasion, lead to the publication of a research paper. Thus, there is ample opportunity for you to develop the skills of a good experimental physicist. Above all, you are encouraged to think for yourself.

Computing As part of the laboratory work, we teach you how to use computers to help analyse data and write essays and reports. There is also a second-year core course unit on computing, and further option course units are available for those who want to gain additional expertise. The School has more than 200 computers for student use. All students are given a computer account, allowing you to use the School’s and the University’s facilities for email, text preparation and library searches. There is full access to the internet.

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course details Entry requirements Our entrance requirements and the offer we make to you are designed to ensure that you have the necessary background knowledge, together with the ability and commitment to do well on the course. Applications for all our first degree courses should be made through the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS). In most cases, a conditional offer is made on the basis of the information supplied in the UCAS application, together with the result of an interview. The most common route into our degree courses is through A-levels, but we welcome students holding any equivalent qualifications. We emphasise that each application is considered separately on its own merits and each offer is individual. For full entry requirements, see: www.manchester.ac.uk/ugcourses

Physics BSc 3yrs UCAS Code F300 Physics MPhys 4yrs UCAS Code F305 Physics with Astrophysics BSc 3yrs UCAS Code F3F5 Physics with Astrophysics MPhys 4yrs UCAS Code F3FA Physics with Philosophy BSc 3yrs UCAS Code F3V5 Physics with Philosophy MPhys 4yrs UCAS Code F3VM Physics with Study in Europe MPhys 4yrs UCAS Code F301 Physics with Theoretical Physics BSc 3yrs UCAS Code F345 Physics with Theoretical Physics MPhys 4yrs UCAS Code F346 Mathematics and Physics BSc 3yrs UCAS Code FG31 Mathematics and Physics MMath&Phys 4yrs UCAS Code FG3C

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Typical offer A-level: A*AA-AAA IB: 38-36 For full details of our entry requirements visit www.manchester.ac.uk/ugcourses

Mature students We welcome applications from mature students; we would look for evidence that you would be able to achieve success on a demanding, full-time course. You may find it helpful to contact our admissions tutor for advice before submitting an application through UCAS.

Deferred entry Some students benefit from a year away from academic work between school and university. Accordingly, we welcome applications from prospective students who wish to defer entry to the University for one academic year.

Professional Accreditation – Institute of Physics Our courses are all accredited by the Institute of Physics, the professional body for physicists in the UK, and all undergraduates are offered free membership of the Institute.

Which course? At Manchester, we offer a wide variety of degree courses, allowing you to choose between a degree with Honours in Physics and a combination of Physics with some other specialisation. However, even in our straight Physics degree course, there is considerable flexibility and a large range of option course units. There are four-year courses leading to the degree of MPhys with Honours (Master of Physics), which run alongside our three-year Schooners courses. The MPhys and BSc courses have identical structures in years one and two. The UCAS codes for our courses are shown in the list opposite. You need not apply for more than one degree course, since it is possible to transfer

www.manchester.ac.uk/physics

applications between them at any time up to the start of the course. On entry, students normally register for the four-year course, but keep the option of graduating after three years with a BSc degree. This decision is normally taken at the beginning of the third year, with progression to MPhys dependent on good performance in examinations. The Physics course and all ‘Physics with’ courses are based on a core of course units, with the different courses distinguished by the units that supplement the core. Because the core is common, students on both ‘Physics with’ courses and the Mathematics and Physics course have the option of transferring to Honours Physics at any time up to the start of their final year. Transfer from our Mathematics and Physics degree course into straight Honours Mathematics is possible at the end of the first year, provided that a sufficient standard has been achieved in that subject. The ‘Physics with’ courses comprise approximately two-thirds core physics, with the remainder of the material being in the appropriate specialisation. Mathematics and Physics is a Joint Honours course, split approximately 50:50 between the two subjects. Our degree courses prepare you for employment as scientifically aware graduates in research, industry, commerce and education. You will develop the ability to communicate clearly and confidently, to analyse complex problems, to describe events using precise terms, to use modern technology with confidence and to have an understanding of the principles underlying technology.

The MPhys degree In relation to the BSc, the MPhys is an enhanced course designed to produce graduates who are more self-reliant, more experienced and more scientifically aware. The fourth year provides more opportunities for you to show initiative, to learn independently, to do research and to gather information.

In addition, you have the opportunity to join the University’s ‘Enterprise Programme’, in which you can test and develop your entrepreneurial skills by working on a technology-transfer project. The qualification for continuation on the four-year course is a mark above 55% (60% for Physics with Study in Europe) in second-year examinations and a mark above 50% in third-year examinations. The high academic standards at Manchester enable our BSc and MPhys graduates to compete effectively for postgraduate studentships.

Study in North America and Australia Students in the Honours Schools of Physics, Physics with Astrophysics and Physics with Theoretical Physics may have the opportunity of studying for part of their course at one of several universities abroad. The University of Manchester has a number of exchange partners across the world and it encourages students to spend time at these universities, where their course allows it. Physics has arrangements whereby students can spend the second semester of the second year at the University of Sydney, or the third year of the MPhys at the University of California. Physics students have also studied at the Australian National University, the universities of Toronto and Illinois, and the National University of Singapore. Decisions are normally made in the academic year before the proposed period of study abroad. There is no need to specify this option on your UCAS application form.

It also allows you to undertake projects, which provide insight into the nature of research in experimental or theoretical physics, and to study topics in advanced physics in depth.

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student profiles RIEUL GENDRON The University of Manchester was my first choice because I knew it is at the forefront of astronomy research, and that’s something I've been interested in my whole life. Also, the undergraduate prospectus gave me an excellent idea about the Physics course and the large variety of options I could choose from, as well as what student life is like in Manchester and where I could go for help. I'm at the end of my first year now. Coming from the Seychelles, life is very different here. The University has excellent facilities to help international students settle in. The School of Physics and Astronomy provided me with a mentor as well, which made it even easier. The lecturers always make time for my questions and there are tutorials and workshops to guide us outside of lectures, so I feel like I've had guidance and support from the very beginning. I was surprised when I won one of the Faculty’s International Excellence Undergraduate Scholarships this year! There is so much to do in Manchester. It's a city for everyone. You can find many types of restaurants, science museums, sports facilities, clubs, societies, etc. My life has definitely become a lot richer and fuller since I've come to study here.

CLAIRE BURKE I love being a student at The University of Manchester and chose to come here first because of the exemplary Physics BSc degree course, which covers all the topics that interest me, including modern physics, such as relativity and quantum mechanics. The University facilities are excellent and the School of Physics and Astronomy has links with other major research centres, such as Jodrell Bank and CERN, so the teaching is always up-to-date. As a prospective student, I found the friendly academic staff very helpful and informative and I still find that the students are well looked after by tutors and mentors. Apart from the academic side, Manchester is a great city with the largest student population in the country, meaning that student deals are everywhere. Manchester is a great place for a cheap night out, and the Students’ Union caters to just about any other activity that you may want to do with your spare time. Since Manchester is a city university, the halls of residence are only a short distance from the University and the centre of town, so it is very easy to get around. When I finish my degree, I plan to stay and do further study, and hopefully do research in astrophysics.

PHIL BULL Choosing to study physics at Manchester was one of the best decisions I ever made. Physics is as rewarding as it is challenging, and I honestly think that there's no better place to study it than here. The School of Physics certainly lives up to its reputation. Many of the lecturers here are involved in front-line research and they're more than happy to share the details of their work with you. I've found that their lectures, combined with weekly workshops

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and lab sessions, have delivered a wide range of interesting and fundamental physics knowledge. The University offers a wide range of scholarships and bursaries too, and I was lucky enough to receive the President's Award, worth £10,000 a year! Since coming to Manchester, I've made lots of great friends, been to plenty of gigs, sampled my fair share of pubs, bars and restaurants, and I still feel that I've only seen a fraction of what this city has to offer. Even four years here won't be enough!

www.manchester.ac.uk/physics

LORA IOANNOU Everyone says that the best years of your life are those that you spend studying at university. Finishing the third year of my undergraduate degree at The University of Manchester, I can assure you that this is not a lie. Manchester provides everything one could ask for – a strong and recognisable degree and a once-in-a lifetime student life experience. When choosing The University of Manchester, I mainly had in mind the excellent educational standards and the opportunity to achieve a degree with a high reputation throughout the world. Studying for a physics degree here is definitely an advantage due to the excellent academics and, of course, the facilities of the School. Living here, you have the opportunity to experience both the vibrant Manchester city, as well as the charms of a university campus. It would be unjust not to mention the variety of clubs, bars, pubs and restaurants that can be found here, ready to satisfy every taste, from a quiet meal to a big night out. What I personally appreciate most in Manchester is the multicultural nature of the city, which is ideal to help an international student such as myself feel at home.

PETER MILLINGTON Since arriving in Manchester to study physics, I haven't looked back. The University and, in particular, the School of Physics and Astronomy have fantastic reputations for both teaching and research. The course was an even mixture of theory and practical work and, with resources such as the Jodrell Bank Observatory in Cheshire, it had to be top on my list. Most importantly, however, it was obvious that the staff in the School cared a great deal about their students – a first impression that couldn't have been more right. Manchester had everything I could ask for: the city is big, but it doesn't feel impersonal; there's music everywhere; and if you think you've done, seen and eaten everything, then you haven't looked hard enough. Manchester and this University have so much on offer; I am busy every second, doing loads of different things from playing with liquid helium, to directing a gospel choir… and I wouldn’t have it any other way.

SOPHIE MORTON I chose to come to Manchester as I wanted to have the opportunity to study abroad, and the Physics with Study in Europe course has given me the chance to do that. My physics teacher at school had recommended it as one of the best universities for physics, and I had the choice of several continental universities at which to study in my third year. I also wanted to go to university in a big city with a good nightlife and lots of things to do outside of academic work, and from previous visits to Manchester I decided it was a great place to be a student.

I love the social aspect of Manchester; with the numerous societies, there is one to suit everybody. The nightlife is great and there are lots of good places to eat out, especially the Curry Mile and Chinatown. Since university, I have been offered a graduate position with Airbus Industries in Bristol in Structures Engineering.

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course details Career opportunities

Graduate destinations

In designing our degree courses, we strike a balance between training for industry and research, and a general education in the most fundamental of the sciences. We aim to provide an intellectually demanding course, which is sufficiently flexible to meet the needs of a wide range of future careers. We work closely with the University’s Careers Service in helping undergraduates explore the job market.

Scientific, Technical and Computing

More employers visit the Manchester campus than any other university; indeed the recent Signposts to Employability Report identifies graduates from The University of Manchester as the most sought-after in the country.

Finance and Management

Most of our graduates make direct use of their knowledge of physics in their future employment, but many go into computing, management, accountancy and marketing, where the analytical and technical skills developed in the course are highly valued. The table on the right gives the most recent statistics for destinations of our graduates, at six months after graduation. As the table shows, usually about 20% of our graduates go directly to scientific technical and computing posts, 30% to finance and management, 40% to postgraduate training and research, and about five percent go overseas. Usually more than 95% of our graduates find permanent employment soon after graduation.

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For example: BAe Systems, British Gas, British Telecom, Cisco Systems, ESSO, GEC Marconi Avionics, IBM, ICI, Meteorological Office, NNC, QinetiQ, RAF, Sharp Electronics, TDK, UKAE, Vodafone BSc 15%

MPhys 25%

For example: Accenture, British Airways, Deutsche Bank, J P Morgan, KPMG, Merrill Lynch, PricewaterhouseCoopers, The Co-operative Bank, Barclays Bank, HSBC BSc 41%

MPhys 23%

Postgraduate training and research PhD MSc Other diplomas, etc Other

BSc 35% BSc (3%) BSc (21%) BSc (11%) BSc 9%

MPhys 42% MPhys (31%) MPhys (6%) MPhys (5%) MPhys 10%

www.manchester.ac.uk/physics

Physics The study of Physics is an attempt to understand everything that we can observe and measure in the universe, from the infinitesimally small, to the infinitely large; from the beginning of the universe in the Big Bang, to its ultimate fate. What you study The Honours School of Physics has a ‘core plus option’ structure, which allows you to devote about 20% of your time in the first three years to topics chosen from a wide range of options made available by the School of Physics and Astronomy and other schools of the University. In your first and second years, the physics core provides a foundation in classical physics through course units in dynamics, waves, electromagnetism and thermodynamics. At the same time, you are introduced to concepts such as the unification of space and time, the meaning of wave-particle duality and the relation between entropy and disorder. This introduction is taught through course units in special relativity, quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics. These concepts and the techniques of classical physics are essential for the understanding of molecules, atoms, nuclei, quarks and leptons, condensed matter, solid state electronic devices, electromagnetic radiation, lasers, stars and cosmology, all of which can be studied in detail in your third and fourth years.

Honours Physics students typically choose a variety of subjects from different streams to suit their interests. Generally speaking, any suitable course unit from any school of the University may be taken as an option, provided that the timetable allows it. Your personal tutor helps you to select options, and guidance is also available from the results of student questionnaires on the course units. You are usually free to change any option course unit choice within the first two teaching weeks of the course. In the fourth year of the MPhys course, you tackle two projects, one in each of semesters seven and eight. There is usually a choice of more than 50 fourth-year projects, and in previous years they have included topics such as ‘Measurements of Radon from Air Samples in Derbyshire Caves’, ‘Cosmic ray extensive air showers’, ‘Quantum Chaology’ and ‘Calibration of the b-jet energy scale using FP420 detectors at the LHC’. The detailed structure of the third and fourth years for an MPhys student is individually tailored in discussion with your personal tutor, who is a member of staff dedicated to advising and supporting you through the course of your degree.

The course units are grouped together into various ‘streams’, to allow you to choose either a coordinated set of courses on a particular theme, or to mix and match to sample a wider range of topics. The table on pages 14 and 15 shows how the core and option course units fit into the streams.

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Key Core course units Option course units

The following table shows the course units that are available in each semester.

Stream

S1

S2

Classical and Quantum Mechanics

Dynamics, Quantum Physics and Relativity

Vibrations and Waves

Introduction Vector Spaces Applications to for Quantum of Quantum Quantum Mechanics Mechanics Mechanics Advanced Advanced Quantum Quantum Mechanics Mechanics 1 (M) 1

S3

S4

S5

Electricity and Magnetism

Light and Optics

Electricity and Magnetism

Electromagnetism

Theoretical Physics

Random Processes in Physics

Advanced Dynamics

Lagrangian Dynamics

S6

S7

S8

Advanced Quantum Mechanics 2

Quantum Field Theory

Physics of Fluids, Gauge Theories

Electromagnetic Radiation, Electrodynamics Complex Introduction Variables and to Nonlinear Integral Physics Transforms

Advanced Statistical Physics, Symmetries in Physics

Condensed Matter Physics

Properties of Matter

Thermal and Thermal Solid State Soft Matter Solid State Statistical Physics of Physics, Physics, Physics Physics, Bose and Semiconductor SuperFundamentals Fermi Gases Quantum conductors Semiconductor of Solid State Structures and Quantum Physics Superfluids Structures

Nuclear Physics

Physics of Energy Sources

Introduction Nuclear Advances in Nuclear to Nuclear Physics, Nuclear Physics and Particle Applied Physics Introduction Physics Nuclear Physics Applied to Nuclear Nuclear Physics and Particle Physics Particle Physics Frontiers of Particle Physics 1

Particle Physics

Astrophysics Introduction to Astrophysics and Cosmology

Physics of the Solar System

Technological Digital Digital Physics and Electronics, Electronics Photonics

Circuits

Physics in Everyday Life

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Galaxies

High Energy Astrophysics

Amplifiers Wave Optics, and Feedback Introduction Wave Optics to Photonics

Introduction to Photonics

Interstellar Medium, Nuclear Fusion and Astrophysical Plasmas

Cosmology, Radio Cosmology Stars and Astronomy, Stellar Gravitation Evolution, Molecular Stars and Clouds and Star Stellar Formation Evolution

Lasers and Instrumentation Laser PhotoPhotonics in medicine, Optoelectronic Laser Systems Technology

Frontiers of Solid State Physics

Frontiers of Particle Physics 2 Early Universe, Galaxy Formation

Holography and Imaging

www.manchester.ac.uk/physics

Key Core course units Option course units

Stream

S1

S2

S3

S4

S5

Mathematics Mathematics Mathematics Mathematics Introduction Viscous Fluid 1 2 of Waves and to Geometry, Flow, Fields Propositional Elasticity Logic, Fluid Mechanics Computing

Computing and Data Analysis

Introduction Computer to Techniques in Programming Physics, in C Theory Computing Project

Laboratory

First Year Laboratory

First Year Second Year Second Second Year Year Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory, Laboratory Additional Additional Laboratory Laboratory Project Project

Other Physics

Special Topics in Physics

Real-World Problem Solving

S6

S7

S8

Project

Project

Mathematical Methods for Physics, Number Theory: The Riemann Zeta Function, Waves Programming in C++, Quantum Computing

Third Year Laboratory

Third Year Laboratory

Research Masterclass Dissertation

Physics and Reality

Earth and Planet Earth Earth Global Geophysical Meteorology Comparative Atmospheric Resources, Techtonics, Techniques and Planetology, Science Introduction Physics of the Atmospheric Climate and to Planetary Atmosphere Physics Energy Science Biological Introduction Physics of Evolutionary Physics of Science to Biological Living and Population Medical Imaging, Physics Processes Genetics, Genetic Introduction to Engineering Current Topics in Biology History of Science

Economics

Science and Technologies the Modern of Everyday World Life

Microeconomic Principles, UK Economy: Microeconomics

Clouds, Aerosols and Atmospheric Processes Biomaterials Physics

Frankenstein The Nuclear to the Matrix: Age: From Hiroshima to Science Nuclear Fiction and Terrorism Film

Macro- Economics for Introduction Operational Business economic Environmental to Financial Research, Economics 1B, Principles,UK Management Mathematics Business Mathematical Modeling of Economy: Economics Finance Macro1A economics

Enterprise

Entrepreneurial Entrepreneurial Tools and Skills A Skills B Techniques for Enterprise

Advanced Technology Enterprise

Wider curriculum

Career Manchester Interdisciplinary Manchester Management Leadership Sustainable Leadership Skills Programme Development Programme, Group Project Work

Enterprise Strategy and Marketing

Enterprise Feasibility

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course details Physics with Astrophysics Physics with Astrophysics is designed for you if you want to obtain a solid grounding in physics, but you are also fascinated by astronomy and want to pursue this interest at university level. Astrophysics involves the application of the laws of physics to distant regions, which cannot directly be accessed by man-made apparatus, and in which the physical conditions can only be inferred from the electromagnetic radiation that is emitted.

What you study During the course, you learn about the sun and the solar system, the stars and the galaxy, distant galaxies and quasars and the beginning of the universe in the Big Bang. You learn how to apply basic physics in situations that are often extreme compared with those available on Earth. The astrophysics course therefore aims to provide a broad knowledge of many parts of physics. Each year, about 40 students enter our Physics with Astrophysics course. Many of the staff members teaching the course are associated with Jodrell Bank, the University’s major international centre for astrophysics, which is part of the School of Physics and Astronomy. The close link with Jodrell Bank has led to a series of radio astronomical experiments, which are particularly well suited for student work. Physics with Astrophysics students usually perform at least two sets of observations at Jodrell Bank itself. A dedicated undergraduate radio observatory based on a seven-metre telescope enables you to make your own observations. As well as using the radio telescope at Jodrell Bank, Manchester astronomers observe in all parts of the spectrum using telescopes around the world and in space. A dedicated student optical observatory at the School of Physics and Astronomy, fitted with a lightsensitive charge-coupled device, provides a wide range of opportunities for you to make observations.

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Course structure As a Physics with Astrophysics student, you take the same core physics course units as Honours Physics students and follow the Astrophysics option stream. It is therefore easy to transfer to Honours Physics at any stage during the first three years of the course. The astrophysics content (including laboratory work) in the first year is 15 to 20% and this increases in the second year. In the third and fourth years, you begin to specialise and significantly more of the course is directly related to astrophysics. There is flexibility in the later years and you may choose to pursue those aspects that interest you most. In total, about 30% of the course is astrophysics-related. In addition to the laboratory experiments that are available to all physics students, there are dedicated astrophysics experiments, and there is a series of astronomy experiments based at Jodrell Bank. You analyse data taken with the 76-metre Lovell telescope, personally use a 13-metre radio telescope to take measurements on pulsars and you run a number of experiments on the seven-metre telescope of the dedicated undergraduate radio observatory

Astrophysics lecture courses • Introduction to Astrophysics and Cosmology: A concise introduction to the universe, starting with the solar system and ending with cosmology. • Physics of the Solar System: The physics of energy generation in the sun; the orbits of planets and artificial satellites; planetary atmospheres and the greenhouse effect; the origin of the solar system. • Galaxies: The properties of galaxies and their evolution; clusters of galaxies; theories of galaxy formation. • High Energy Astrophysics: The physics of active galactic nuclei and quasars; pulsars; x-ray binary systems; cosmic rays and their origin. • Gravitation: An introduction to Einstein’s theory of gravity and the geometry of the universe. • Stars and Stellar Evolution: The physics of nuclear reactions; energy transport in stars; stellar types and stellar evolution; end products such as supernovae and neutron stars.

www.manchester.ac.uk/physics

• The Interstellar Medium: An introduction to the physics and chemistry of the interstellar medium and the life cycle of matter. • Radio Astronomy: The radio universe; radio telescopes; mechanisms of radio emission. • Cosmology: The Big Bang model; dynamics of the universe; measuring the universe; cosmic microwave background. • Galaxy Formation: Growth of large-scale structure; important physical processes in galaxy formation; galaxy dynamics; the intergalactic medium. • The Early Universe: The standard model of cosmology including inflation, cosmic strings, structure formation, the cosmic microwave background, and dark energy.

Astrophysics projects In the fourth MPhys year, the course involves two projects, each running for a full semester. Projects currently available include: • A study of supernova remnants in Messier 82 • Neutral hydrogen study in the spiral galaxy NGC5033 • Computer simulations in astronomy • Observing with the undergraduate optical telescope • Cosmic ray extensive air showers

• Nuclear Fusion and Astrophysical Plasmas: Magnetohydrodynamics; fusion plasmas; space and astrophysical plasmas.

Astrophysics experiments First year • Orbits, Stars and Asteroids • Quasars

• Experiments with a microwave radiometer • Separating the cosmic microwave background from our galaxy • Shepherd moons • Finding new clusters of young stars • Circumstellar nebula of nova GK Persei • Lunar occultation of the Crab Nebula and Pulsar.

• Globular Star Clusters • Solar Flares and Sunspots Second year • Hydrogen Gas in the Galaxy • Solar Radio Interferometer • The Distance to the Hyades Cluster • The Orbit of the Moon Third year • Weighing a Galaxy • The Hydrogen Content and the Mass of M33 • An Introduction to Radio Telescopes and Pulsar Astronomy • Numerical Simulation of Galactic Collapse • Observations with an Optical Telescope and CCD

Career opportunities There is no danger of employers finding a Physics with Astrophysics degree too esoteric. Since the course covers the core of basic physics, Manchester Physics with Astrophysics students pursue a wide range of careers after taking their degrees – see also page 12. Some go on to do research in astrophysics, or other branches of physics; others go into teaching, or into science-related careers in industry, or the civil service. Some use the analytical and numerical skills they have acquired in areas such as accounting and other financial services. Career options therefore remain wide open to Physics with Astrophysics graduates. Even for those students who do not subsequently pursue astrophysics-related careers, there remains the great pleasure of having pursued a fascinating subject and of having approached the frontiers of knowledge about the universe. 17

course details Physics with Study in Europe The degree of MPhys with Honours in Physics with Study in Europe is based on the core of the Honours Physics course, but includes a year studying at a university on the Continent. The course aims to combine a comprehensive study of physics with an opportunity to study physics abroad for one year and thus obtain a working knowledge of a European language and experience of a different culture. Bilateral exchange arrangements are in place with universities in France, Germany, Spain and Italy. These are supported by the European Union’s ERASMUS programme, which aims to foster educational and cultural exchanges among the countries of Europe. The School has well established links with the universities involved in the Physics with Study in Europe exchange programme. The Manchester ERASMUS tutor is in close touch with the tutors at the host universities, to ensure wellintegrated course structures. Since the student exchange scheme is largely reciprocal, many students from overseas study at Manchester for periods of one year or more. Each year there are normally ten to 15 exchange students in the School of Physics and Astronomy. Their presence enriches the culture of the School and allows British students to learn more about their prospective host universities. General admissions criteria for all of our courses are given on page 8. For Physics with Study in Europe, a formal qualification such as a GCSE in a suitable language is desirable, and an AS- or A-level would be a distinct advantage. Language tuition is available at Manchester and normally forms part of the degree course. Because of the general challenges of living and studying in a foreign country, you are required to show good language skills by the end of the first year, and to obtain a good pass in the second-year examinations. If you fail to meet these criteria, you may transfer into the Honours School of Physics. Indeed, transfer to the Honours School of Physics is possible for any student who wishes to do so, at any time up to the end of the second year.

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Currently, students normally pay no university fees during their year abroad. Also, payments from European Union funds for the ERASMUS programme are usually available to assist you during the period spent overseas. Accommodation for the year abroad is normally arranged from Manchester with the help of the course tutor and their counterpart in the prospective university.

Course structure In your first year, you mainly follow the core physics course units. In addition, a language unit is normally taken at a level appropriate to your initial competence in your chosen language. This runs at a rate of two lectures per week throughout the teaching year and is supplemented with language laboratories and tutorials as needed. Those students who have already reached the appropriate level may omit some of the language course and replace it with additional option course units in physics or another subject. In the second year at Manchester, you again follow the core course units of the Honours School of Physics. In addition, you replace two option units with a language package designed to continue your general language development and to introduce the more specialised vocabulary of physics. These aims are met in part, where possible, by conducting physics tutorials and other activities in the appropriate language. The total workload in the language package is equivalent to two lectures per week throughout the year. In the third year, you study physics, rather than ‘cultural’ matters, in another language – although in most universities some language study is required. The courses taken vary strongly from student to student and from university to university, and it is not possible to go into detail here. You consult with the ERASMUS tutor in Manchester who, with an eye to your particular strengths and weaknesses, selects courses normally available at the particular European institute. The courses selected are normally at the same level as third-year course units at Manchester. As at Manchester, laboratory work is usually a significant component of the third year.

www.manchester.ac.uk/physics

In the fourth year, you return to Manchester to complete your MPhys degree. You study a range of course units from the large list of options, including a number from other Schools, available to physics students in the fourth year. Normally the practical work involves a semester of laboratory classes, followed by an extended project in the final semester. Again, the ERASMUS tutor plays an important role in ensuring continuity in your studies. In years one, two and four, the assessment follows the same pattern as for other students in Physics and Joint Honours courses. Examinations are taken for all of the lecture course units, while laboratory work is subject to continual assessment. Assessment for the third year follows the normal practice at the institute visited. The final degree classification takes account of fourth-year examination and laboratory performance, as well as contributions from the earlier years.

Where you study The School of Physics and Astronomy at Manchester has agreed undergraduate exchange programmes with the following European institutes: • Germany: Freie Universität, Berlin; Ruprecht-Karls Universität, Heidelberg; Technische Universität Munchen, Munich • France: Université Pierre et MarieCurie, Paris; Université de Paris-Sud, Paris; Université Claude Bernard, Lyon; Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble • Italy: Universitá Degli Studi, Trieste • Spain: Universidad de Cantabria,Santander; Universidad Autónoma deMadrid, Madrid

Career opportunities Choose to pursue Physics with Study in Europe and you will place yourself at a great advantage when you are considering your career opportunities – see page 12. The combination of the numerical and analytical skills of the physicist, together with the language skills and cultural experience gained from a year studying abroad, provide very good prospects in a market that is becoming increasingly dominated by the European perspective. There is a shortage of British scientists able to work effectively in a European context, because of a lack of competence in any language other than English. In contrast, many European degree courses embody a requirement of a foreign language. Physics with Study in Europe will equip you with strong communication skills in both English and a second European language, so that you will be able to work effectively as scientists in Europe, in multinational companies, and in companies with European connections. Graduates with good Honours MPhys degrees in Physics courses are eligible to proceed to a PhD degree involving further study and research in a specialised branch of modern physics. Students with the experience and language skills obtained in Physics with Study in Europe are in a good position to seek a research position at an overseas university.

It is also possible to arrange a limited number of exchanges via the European Mobility Scheme for Physics Students (EMSPS), which enables students to study at a wider range of institutions throughout Europe.

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course details Physics with Philosophy Like the Honours School of Physics, this BSc or MPhys course provides a solid grounding in all aspects of physics, both theoretical and experimental. However, a substantial amount of laboratory work is replaced by lecture courses and project work in philosophy. This degree is based on the core of the Honours School of Physics with the philosophy option stream.

The course also promotes areas of physics that complement the option stream in philosophy. We have recently introduced a course unit into the physics course (Physics and Reality) that discusses issues such as the nature of space and time and the implications of quantum mechanics for determinism and the nature of cause and effect. This is a core course unit for Physics with Philosophy students.

Course structure

The course is offered in conjunction with the University's Centre for Philosophy, which was established in 1998 (although philosophy at Manchester goes back a lot further than that). The Centre is committed to ongoing research and teaching in the tradition of analytic philosophy and, like the School of Physics and Astronomy, was awarded the top grade (24/24) for teaching in the last QAA review.

During the first three years of the course, you take the same core physics course units as Honours Physics, but only half the amount of experimental work in the laboratory. The course includes course units from the Philosophy stream that make up approximately 30% of the total study time.

What you study

• Moral Philosophy

Throughout the course, the areas of philosophy you will explore in most detail are those relevant to the overlap with the subject of physics; namely, the nature of scientific knowledge and the status of science as a means of achieving understanding. This ‘analytic core’ of philosophy is an area in which many members of the Centre for Philosophy have their major research interest. In particular, a course unit in Philosophy of Science is currently part of the core syllabus.

• Theory of Knowledge

Physics with Philosophy students also take the same core physics course units as the Honours Physics students and they follow the philosophy option stream. It is therefore easy to transfer to Honours Physics at any stage up to the start of the final year of the course. Physics with Philosophy students have the same level of tutorial support in Physics and Mathematics as Honours Physics students and, in addition, participate in seminar groups together with a staff member of the Centre for Philosophy for each philosophy course.

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Typical course units forming the Philosophy option stream include:

• Philosophy of Science • Locke, Berkeley and Hume • Philosophical Values • Science and the Modern World • Metaphysics • Philosophy of Mathematics • Issues in Epistemology • Kant • Wittgenstein • Russell • Philosophy of Language

www.manchester.ac.uk/physics

You can also choose a set of course units on mathematical logic, including nonstandard logics, set and model theory. For those who wish to take this degree to masters level, there is a substantial amount of project work in both subjects. In one semester, a 24-day MPhys project in an area of physics is carried out, and in the other, an extended essay in philosophy is undertaken in collaboration with a supervisor from the Centre for Philosophy. This project will typically involve the study of some area of analytic philosophy, or one that overlaps with issues relevant to physics. The fourth year also includes specialist course units, such as the philosophy of emotions and intentionality, units on logical properties and consciousness, as well as more advanced course units in physics.

Career opportunities BSc or MPhys Physics with Philosophy graduates have a diverse range of desirable skills and are very well placed to take up employment in many areas, from academic research to work in industry. Employers very often want people who are adaptable, rather than those who are already trained along very specific lines. Physics with Philosophy graduates learn to identify, analyse and solve problems, and to present their solution in clear, precise and concise arguments. These are valuable skills in the workplace and provide a good intellectual basis for vocational training.

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course details Physics with Theoretical Physics The Honours degree of Physics with Theoretical Physics is for you if you have a particular interest in the more mathematical and theoretical aspects of physics. Like the Honours Physics course, this course provides a solid grounding in all aspects of physics, both theoretical and experimental, although a significant amount of practical work is replaced by lecture courses and project work in theoretical physics. As a student of Physics with Theoretical Physics, you concentrate on the option stream of theoretical physics and mathematics, though there are also opportunities to choose some of the wide range of options open to students on the Physics course. Since the core physics lecture course units are taken, it is easy to transfer to Honours Physics at any stage during the first three years of your course. The School has a lively Theoretical Physics group pursuing research in many areas. In addition, there are theorists in several other, predominantly experimental, groups. Theoretical studies are currently underway in: astronomy and cosmology (the modelling of intergalactic collisions, the early universe, the cosmic microwave background and gravitational lensing); biological physics (biophysically detailed, mathematical models of the heart); high energy particle physics (quantumchromodynamics, supersymmetry and Higgs physics); condensed matter (high temperature superconductors, phase transitions, disordered systems, fractals and chaos, quantum many-body systems); complex systems (from the stock market to the evolution of languages); and nuclear physics (from the structure of light and medium sized nuclei through to quark-gluon plasmas).

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Course structure The course is based on the core of the Honours School of Physics, together with the Theoretical Physics option stream. Half of the laboratory work of the core is replaced by lecture course units and project work on theoretical physics and mathematics. In the first two years, you study such subjects as advanced mechanics, mathematical methods and computing. In the third and fourth years, you begin to specialise and more of the course can be directly related to theory; the core material of the earlier years forms the foundation for advanced third and fourthyear subjects, such as quantum theory, electrodynamics and general relativity. There is a great deal of flexibility in the later years and you may choose to pursue those aspects of the course that interest you most.

www.manchester.ac.uk/physics

Some Theoretical Physics course units: • Random Processes in Physics: Introduction to the mathematics of random events – a subject of direct relevance to many areas in physics, including quantum physics and statistical mechanics. • Advanced Dynamics: Builds directly on the core course units in Dynamics and Relativity, considering the physics of the apparent forces experienced by observers who are being accelerated, the properties of rotating bodies, the dynamics of relativistic particles and gravitation. • Lagrangian Mechanics: The classical mechanics of particles can be described by using Newton’s Laws, or by Lagrange’s Equations. The second approach is more elegant and more powerful – eg Lagrangian Mechanics is not restricted to particles, but can also be used to describe fields such as the electromagnetic field, and is the starting point for Quantum Field Theory. • Advanced Statistical Physics: Applies advanced ideas in statistical physics to study topics such as Brownian Motion and Population Genetics.

Career opportunities As a student of Physics with Theoretical Physics, you will develop many skills. Because the course covers a wide range of physics and mathematics topics, graduates are well placed to pursue many different career paths after taking their degrees – see also page 12. Some go on to do research in theoretical or experimental physics; others go into teaching, or into science-related jobs in industry, or the civil service. Computing-related activities are particularly suited to students who are well versed in the mathematical and analytical techniques acquired in our Physics with Theoretical Physics course. Career options therefore remain wide open.

• Complex Variables and Integral Transforms: Deals with the properties of functions of a complex variable, an elegant subject in mathematics with many useful applications in theoretical physics. • Advanced Quantum Physics: Examines the quantum behaviour of particles moving close to the speed of light and introduces Feynman’s path integral approach to quantum mechanics. • Quantum Field Theory: First introduced to describe the quantum physics of electromagnetic fields, the methods of quantum field theory unify much of modern theoretical physics, having many applications in elementary particle physics, condensed matter physics and statistical physics. Feynman diagrams are derived and used to study the interactions of elementary particles. • Gravitation: Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity, presented in 1915, and usurped Newton’s Theory of Gravity. This unit explains the details of Einstein’s theory and the necessary warping of space and time.

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course details Mathematics and Physics

Course structure

The Honours degree of Mathematics and Physics, run jointly by the School of Mathematics and the School of Physics and Astronomy, is designed for students who wish to study both mathematics and physics in depth. You attend lectures, tutorials, examples classes and laboratory sessions covering a broad range of topics in mathematics and physics.

The general aim of the first two years of the course is to provide a firm foundation in the most fundamental aspects of degree-level mathematics and physics. This foundation permits you to choose from a wide range of high-level options in your third and, where appropriate, fourth years. In the first two years, you do half as much physics laboratory work as Honours Physics students. In the third and fourth years, laboratory work is optional and project work in mathematics, physics and computing is available.

The course content is closely linked with the contents of the Honours degree in Mathematics and the Honours degree in Physics, and transfer to either of these courses is possible at the start of the second year, provided that a sufficient standard has been achieved in the relevant subject. Transfer to the Honours Physics course can also be made of the start of the third year. The course may be taken for three years, leading to the BSc degree, or for four years leading to the masters degrees, MMath&Phys. The teaching in both the Mathematics and the Physics and Astronomy Schools is greatly strengthened by the wide variety of research fields that are pursued by the staff. Large and lively groups are active in both applied mathematics and theoretical physics. These subjects frequently overlap and research on theoretical astronomy, chaos, fractals and fluids is carried out in both Schools. Other research topics in applied mathematics include hydrodynamics, waves, elasticity, boundary layer theory and modelling of industrial processes. Theoretical research undertaken in the School of Physics and Astronomy includes highenergy particle physics, nuclear physics and quark matter, condensed matter physics, high temperature superconductivity, phase transitions and disordered systems, and several areas of astrophysics.

The workload of the course is comparable with that of Honours Physics and Honours Mathematics students throughout, and is divided approximately equally between the two subjects. In the first year, you take core mathematics and core physics lecture course units. Mathematics core course units include: • Calculus and Applications • Calculus and Vectors • Linear Algebra • Sets, Numbers and Functions The second year is divided approximately 80:20 between core course units and options. Physics and Maths core course units include: • Differential Equations • Introduction to Quantum Mechanics • Electromagnetism • Real Analysis • Complex Analysis • Thermal and Statistical Physics • Fundamentals of Solid State Physics • Wave Optics The list of option course units normally includes, among others: • Algebra • Fluid Mechanics • Metric Spaces

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www.manchester.ac.uk/physics

In the third year, the core course units are: • Bosons and Fermions • Nuclear and Particle Physics • Problem-Solving by Computer • Quantum Mechanics

Career opportunities

Physics option course units can be chosen from the list available to third-year physics students. Maths option course units are available from the main areas of research carried out by the School of Mathematics. These areas include:

Graduates of the Honours School of Mathematics and Physics proceed to a wide range of careers, including all those typically associated with mathematics graduates and physics graduates – see page 12.

• Applied Mathematics (including fluid dynamics, dynamical systems and numerical analysis) • Mathematical Logic • Probability and Statistics • Pure Mathematics There is a great deal of flexibility in your fourth year. You are required to do two projects, one in each School, plus a course unit on Project Skills. The remainder of the year is made up of options, which can include some third-year course units that have not already been taken. A number of more advanced option course units are available from the research areas covered by both the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Mathematics.

Many go on to do research in mathematics, theoretical physics, or experimental physics. Others go into teaching, or science-related jobs in industry, or the civil service. While many graduates make direct use of their physics and mathematics backgrounds, others use the mathematical and analytical skills acquired in the course by pursuing careers in actuarial work, accounting and management. For a graduate in mathematics and physics, the choice of career remains wide open.

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course details Research at Manchester In the latest Research Assessment Exercise, Manchester was one of the top five UK Physics departments for the volume of world-leading and internationally excellent research. As an undergraduate at Manchester, you will join a world-leading community of physicists with a huge variety of research interests. Expertise at the cutting edge of modern-day research helps us keep our undergraduate degree courses up-to-date and provides a stimulating environment in which to study.

The Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics (JBCA) is one of the UK's largest astronomy research groups. Our research programme includes observational and theoretical studies covering almost the whole of modern astrophysics, from the discovery of planets orbiting other stars, to the origin of the universe in the Big Bang. The group is also a world leader in radio astronomy-related technology development for ground and space-based instruments. Members of the group use telescopes working across the electromagnetic spectrum, including those in Hawaii, Chile, the USA, the Canary Islands and Australia, together with space telescopes such as Spitzer, Chandra and Hubble. A long heritage in astrophysical research includes playing a leading role in the discovery of quasars and gravitational lenses and finding the first double pulsar, the most stringent test of Einstein’s general theory of relativity. JBCA operates e-MERLIN, the UK's national radio astronomy facility, from the world-famous Jodrell Bank Observatory. This comprises an array of seven optical fibre-linked telescopes, including the giant Lovell telescope, stretching 217km across England, from Jodrell Bank to Cambridge. JBCA also hosts the international project office of the Square Kilometre Array and the UK regional centre for ALMA.

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www.manchester.ac.uk/physics

The Biological Physics group centres its research on molecular biophysics and physiology. Biological molecules (DNA, proteins, surfactants etc) are studied at the single molecule level with newly developed optical and magnetic techniques. More traditional X-ray and neutron methods allow the study of individual molecular bonds and their structuring. Electrical waves are modelled from the level of single ion channels in cells all the way up to the sophisticated orchestration of muscle contractions in the heart, and their subsequent relationship to cardiac disease. Similar ideas are being used to explore issues of cognition and brain activity. The Condensed Matter Physics group is leading the world in preparing and studying the properties of graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms. New results concerning the structure of two dimensional solids, the strange electronic properties and the potential for applications in electronics, devices and the simulation of highly relativistic particles, have all come to light here. The group also has an experimental programme specialising in ultra-low temperature physics, especially super fluid 3He and 4He,including the study of quantum turbulence. The group is also very interested in met materials, or materials with a negative refractive index, and has developed some of these using advanced methods of mesoscopic physics. The Nonlinear and Liquid Crystal Physics group has a programme of research in many fundamental and practical aspects of liquid crystal physics, including electro-optic effects, structure determination and nano and polymer composites. Nonlinear research is focused on the transition to turbulence and chaos in fluid flows, pattern formation in granular motion and instabilities in elastic materials. A significant part of the research in fluid dynamics is concerned with the transition to turbulence in a pipe, which is regarded as the outstanding problem in classical Physics.

The Nuclear Physics group investigates the structure and reactions of atomic nuclei using a variety of techniques to study the properties of rare unstable isotopes, mainly produced in nuclear reactions using international accelerator facilities. Optical hyperfine structures and isotope shifts of radioactive atoms or ions are probed using lasers to determine the shape and size of exotic isotopes at facilities at CERN and at the cyclotrons at Jyvaskyla in Finland. The group also uses the latter facility to study long-lived excited states or isomers. Surprising results have been found concerning the shell structure in nuclei using transfer reactions at accelerators at Yale University, USA. The group is currently building a novel spectrometer for studying gamma-ray emission from rare isotopes produced in fission that will be used at the InstitutLaue-Langevin in Grenoble. These research programmes are allowing the group to begin to answer key open questions in nuclear physics, such as how the ordering of quantum states changes in increasingly neutron-rich matter and whether new symmetries and new forms of nuclear matter appear in nuclei far from stability. The measurements have impact on wider scientific issues, helping to explain, for example, how the elements and isotopes found in the universe were formed.

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course details The Photon Physics group has a programme of research in laser and electron impact excitation experiments in Manchester, and carries out photoionisation and surface physics research at Synchrotron Radiation Facilities throughout the world. Fundamental physics experiments include laser-atom manipulation, cooling and trapping, together with probing and preparation of targets using lasers, VUV radiation and electrons. Applied physics research includes surface studies using lasers and synchrotron radiation to probe structures for use in, for example, the development of novel solar cells. The group is active in laser photo-medicine and dentistry, and in laser development. Members of the group have active collaborations with researchers in Cambridge to develop new types of semiconductor lasers and LEDs in the blue/UV part of the spectrum.

The Particle Physics group covers the whole spectrum from basic particle theory and phenomenology, through experiment and detector development, to accelerator design. Our theorists work on a wide range of particle physics phenomena, from Supersymmetry and Extra Dimensions through to strong interactions and the Early Universe. The experimenters are currently involved in the DØ experiment at the Tevatron in Chicago, and the ATLAS and LHCb experiments at the LHC, at CERN, Geneva. We have been closely involved in experiments that discovered the gluon and set a limit on the number of quark and lepton generations. Our current experiments at the Tevatron and the LHCare looking for evidence of the illusive Higgs boson, and the Supersymmetric particles that are predicted by Grand Unified Theories.

The group also studies the physics of nano-dots, laser tweezering of microscopic samples, and laser manipulation of atoms onto surfaces to form regular nano-structures. The photon physics group were the founders of the £30 million Photon Science Institute, situated in the Alan Turing Building.

The group is also involved in the NEMO3 and SuperNEMO experiments, which are situated deep underground and are designed to solve some of the mysteries of the neutrinos. We are also working together with CERN and the Cockcroft Institute to develop the next generation of particle accelerators.

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www.manchester.ac.uk/physics

The Theoretical Physics group has strong research programmes in a wide variety of fields. At the smallest scale, we look at sub-nuclear physics, where we are interested in the effect of the symmetries of QCD, the theory of strong interactions, on the behaviour of nucleons and nuclei. We also study the fundamental question of how a nucleus binds together, and try to make the best possible calculations of the properties of nuclei. This links closely to our interest in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates, the novel form of matter observed in atomic gases at extremely low temperatures, where many of the same theoretical tools can be employed. All such systems are assemblies of many particles ruled by quantum mechanics, and an important aspect of our research is dealing with such systems, using both theoretical and computational tools. Amongst other aspects, we study the quantum Hall effects, quantum magnets, quantum dots and other novel materials. We also apply statistical physics to understand glasses and other non-equilibrium properties of matter.

The School also maintains strong ties with other disciplinary groups, such as Atmospheric Science. Their areas of expertise include radiative transfer, precipitation and cloud electrification boundary layer processes, aerosol properties, cloud physics, remote sensing and atmospheric dynamics, and atmospheric pollution in the urban environment. Many of our graduating students choose to stay on in our School to do PhD research, and there are opportunities for you in all of our research groups.

On a larger scale, we are interested in complex systems, the study of the complex behaviour of systems made up from many simple constituents. We are applying this to many areas in biology, language, the economy and even the electricity grid.

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Our University website holds a wealth of information on the many varied aspects of student life. Below are some of the most popular topics – use the web links for full details…

find out more Accommodation As long as you apply by our deadline, all first-year students are guaranteed university accommodation in one of our halls of residence. For international students, this promise is extended to the full duration of your studies. We are proud to offer more spaces in university-managed accommodation than practically any other UK university. Discover our diverse range of university accommodation, bustling student areas, virtual tours, halls of residence visits, various private accommodation rental options and more: www.manchester.ac.uk/accommodation www.manchesterstudenthomes.com

the Manchester Leadership Programme, which will help you to develop skills, boost your CV and prepare you for the competitive graduate jobs market. Find out more about our events, mentoring programmes, accredited course units, and a whole range of other services: www.manchester.ac.uk/careers www.manchester.ac.uk/mlp

Childcare There are two centres associated with the University for children between six months and five years of age: Dryden Street Nursery and Echoes Nursery.

Admissions and applications

Find out more about funding options, private nurseries, playgroups and schools:

We welcome applications from people of all backgrounds, and are fully committed to equality of opportunity. All applications for full-time undergraduate courses in higher education are coordinated by the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS). You must apply online at www.ucas.com. If you are unable to access the internet, contact the UCAS Customer Service Unit on +44 (0)871 468 0468.

www.manchester.ac.uk/studentnet/studentlife/ childcare

Find out more about the application process, policies, procedures and support: www.manchester.ac.uk/undergraduate/howtoapply

Careers Service Manchester is one of the most targeted UK universities by graduate recruiters and our Careers Service has topped student and employer satisfaction surveys for many years. Our website and team of specialists can help you to find part-time, volunteering and work experience opportunities. You might also take part in 30

City of Manchester One of the great benefits of being a student at Manchester is that all the joys of Britain’s number one student city are right on your doorstep. You’ll be spoilt for choice for food, drink, culture, music, history, nightlife, festivals, shopping, sport and much more – with the quiet countryside of two beautiful national parks also within easy reach when you want to get away from it all. Find out what one of our current students has to say about the capital of the North West: www.manchester.ac.uk/undergraduate/ studentlife/sociallife/manchester

www.manchester.ac.uk/physics

Disability support/applicants with additional support needs

www.manchester.ac.uk/studentnet/ crucial-guide/financial-life

We welcome applications from people with additional support needs and all such applications are considered on exactly the same academic grounds as other applications.

International students

If you have additional needs arising from a medical condition, a physical or sensory disability, or a specific learning disability, you are strongly encouraged to contact the University’s DSO to discuss your needs, any arrangements that may be necessary and the extent to which appropriate support is available: www.manchester.ac.uk/dso Information is also available from the Students’ Union Welfare Officer: www.umsu.manchester.ac.uk

Funding and finance In 2010/11, all new full-time home/EU undergraduate entrants will be charged £3,290 per year tuition fees for all courses. This is likely to increase with inflation for 2011/12. You can defer payment of your tuition fees by taking out a student fee loan. Repayments begin the April after you leave higher education and earn more than £15,000 per year. In addition to any financial support that you receive from the Government, the University offers a generous range of scholarships and bursaries to help prevent financial hardship and reward excellence. You could receive up to £3,000 per annum to help you to pay your course fees and to support your living expenses. Find out more about tuition fees and student finance, including international fees, payment options, cost of living and managing debt:

The University is a multicultural environment and home to more than 9,500 international students from around 160 countries. A range of services is available for international students, to help you both before and during your studies. This includes an airport collection service, orientation courses and specialist student advisers. Find out more, including information specific to students from your country, such as entry requirements and useful contacts: www.manchester.ac.uk/international

IT services We have one of the largest academic IT services in Europe, supporting world-class teaching, research and study. Find out about our extensive cross-campus computer access, virtual learning environments, wireless internet access, IT training and more: www.manchester.ac.uk/itservices/gettingstarted

Library The John Rylands University Library (JRUL) is one of the best-resourced academic libraries in the UK and is widely recognised as one of the world’s great research libraries, with diverse special collections and electronic resources unrivalled within UK universities. In 2009, the Main Library underwent a large-scale refurbishment to the ground floor, improving access both to the building and to the collections and also 31

introducing new social and learning spaces to cater for a range of learning styles. Find out more about the information services and resources available to you: www.manchester.ac.uk/library

Maps Get to grips with your future home and take a closer look at our campus, the city and University accommodation by viewing our maps: www.manchester.ac.uk/visitors/travel/maps

Find out more about our superb facilities and diverse opportunities to get active in Manchester: www.manchester.ac.uk/sport

Student support Whatever the issue – financial, academic, personal, or administrative – we have experienced and sympathetic people, support groups and advice centres to help you. Find out about counselling, academic advice and various other student support services: www.manchester.ac.uk/studentnet/crucial-guide

Prospectus Our 2011 undergraduate prospectus offers a comprehensive overview of The University of Manchester. You can view a copy online: www.manchester.ac.uk/undergraduate/courses/pr ospectus

Religious support There are two chaplaincy centres for the major Christian churches. St Peter’s House provides chaplains for the Anglican, Baptist, Methodist and United Reformed Churches, while the Roman Catholic Chaplaincy is at Avila House. Hillel House provides facilities for Jewish worship. There are prayer facilities on campus for Muslim students and student societies for many religions.

Sport We have a dynamic Athletic Union comprising over 40 sports clubs; a vibrant ‘Campus Sport’ programme, allowing you to play in friendly, recreational leagues; a huge variety of health and fitness classes; plus sport volunteering and scholarship opportunities. 32

Students’ Union The University of Manchester Students’ Union (UMSU) is the largest Students’ Union in Europe, offering everything from live bands to welfare advice, cheap stationery to student representation. UMSU has some of the largest and most active student societies in the country, as well as support and welfare services, student media, shops and bars and the famous Manchester Academy. Have a look at the SU website: www.umsu.manchester.ac.uk

Video library Watch and listen to our students and staff introducing various aspects of student life and The University of Manchester with our selection of online videos: www.manchester.ac.uk/aboutus/video

www.manchester.ac.uk/physics

contact details

For further information about the courses, or about qualifications, please contact: admissions tutor Professor Fred Loebinger admissions administrator Mrs Val Brennan address School of Physics and Astronomy The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom

Disclaimer This brochure is prepared well in advance of the academic year to which it relates. Consequently, details of courses may vary with staff changes. The University therefore reserves the right to make such alterations to courses as are found to be necessary. If the University makes an offer of a place, it is essential that you are aware of the current terms on which the offer is based. If you are in any doubt, please feel free to ask for confirmation of the precise position for the year in question, before you accept the offer. Central front cover photo and page 29 photo copyright of CERN, Geneva.

tel +44 (0)161 275 4210 fax +44 (0)161 275 4297 email [email protected] For the most up-to-date course information, please visit our website www.manchester.ac.uk/physics

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campus map 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9

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Sackville Street Building Lambert Hall Fairfield Hall Chandos Hall Echoes Day Nursery Paper Science Building Renold Building Barnes Wallis Building / Students' Union / Wright Robinson Hall Vision Centre / Moffat Building The Manchester Conference Centre and Weston Hall Pariser Building Staff House Sackville Street The Mill Morton Laboratory Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre - John Garside Building George Begg Building Faraday Tower Faraday Building Ferranti Building Maths and Social Sciences Building Sugden Sports Centre Oddfellows Hall Grosvenor Halls of Residences Materials Science Centre Manchester Business School East Bowden Court Ronson Hall Manchester Business School West

30 Precinct Shopping Centre Harold Hankins Building Devonshire House 31 Crawford House 32 St Peters House/Chaplaincy 33 Crawford House Lecture Theatres 34 Prospect House 35 Humanities Bridgeford Street 36 Arthur Lewis Building 37 University Place 38 Waterloo Place 39 Kilburn Building 40 Information Technology Building 41 Dental School and Hospital 42 Martin Harris Centre for Music and Drama 43 Coupland Building 1 44 The Manchester Museum 45 Rutherford Building 46 Alan Turing Building 47 Coupland Building 3 48 John Owens Building 49 Beyer Building 50 Whitworth Hall 51 Whitworth Building 52 Williamson Building 53 Roscoe Building 54 Schuster Building 55 The John Rylands Library 56 Schunck Building / Burlington Rooms 57 Student Services Centre 58 Christie Building 59 Simon Building

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Zochonis Building Chemistry Building Dryden Street Nursery Environmental Services Unit Mansfield Cooper Building Stephen Joseph Studio Samuel Alexander Building Students' Union Oxford Road (also at number 9) William Kay House Dover Street Building Michael Smith Building Vaughan House Avila House RC Chaplaincy Holy Name Church AV Hill Building AQA Ellen Wilkinson Building The Academy Stopford Building Horniman House The Manchester Incubator Building Whitworth Park Halls of Residence Grove House The Whitworth Art Gallery Opal Hall Core Technology Facility Denmark Building Lamb Building McDougall Centre Jean McFarlane Building (formerly 37b) George Kenyon Building and Hall of Residence and PC cluster (formerly 37a)

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From Piccadilly Railway Station From Piccadilly Railway Station catch service 147 on Fairfield Street, or walk to Piccadilly Bus Station and catch one of the following services: 14, 16, 41, 42, 43, 43a, 44, 45a, 48, 111, 140, 142, 157, 250. From Victoria Railway Station Either take the Metrolink tram, or walk to Piccadilly Gardens Bus Station (not the Railway Station) and follow the directions above. Parking Please note that parking near the School is available in several car parks on campus and in the Aquatics Centre multi-storey car park on Booth Street East.

School of Physics and Astronomy The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom tel +44 (0)161 275 4210 email [email protected] www.manchester.ac.uk/physics