Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Practice Exam True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. ____

1. All organisms require energy to carry out life processes.

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2. Animals that live exclusively on a diet of other animals are unable to use carbohydrates to fuel their life processes.

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3. When light hits a plant, all of the wavelengths are absorbed and used to make sugar.

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4. Photosystems are clusters of light-absorbing pigments located on the thylakoids of a chloroplast.

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5. A series of linked chemical reactions in which the product of one chemical reaction serves as the reactant in the next reaction is called a biochemical pathway.

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6. Plants carry out cellular respiration.

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7. Oxidative respiration must follow glycolysis if a cell is to maximize its ATP production.

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8. Fermentation and oxidative respiration both take place in the absence of oxygen.

Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.

Figure 8-3

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9. The structure labeled A in Figure 8-3 contains chlorophyll. _________________________

____ 10. If you were to isolate the structure shown in Figure 8-3, it would appear green. _________________________

Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 11. The process whereby plants capture energy and make complex molecules is known as a. homeostasis. c. photosynthesis. b. evolution. d. development. ____ 12. Suspended in the fluid stroma of chloroplasts are a. organelles called eukaryotes. b. numerous mitochondrial membranes. c. small coins that provide energy. d. stacks of thylakoids called grana. ____ 13. light reactions : thylakoids :: a. grana : thylakoids b. grana : ATP

c. dark reactions : stroma d. stroma : grana of chloroplast

____ 14. The sun is considered the ultimate source of energy for life on Earth because a. all organisms carry out photosynthesis. b. all organisms carry out cellular respiration. c. either photosynthetic organisms or organisms that have eaten them provide energy for all other organisms on Earth. d. the sun heats the Earth's atmosphere. ____ 15. Tiny packets of radiant energy are called a. photons. b. protons.

c. eons. d. electrons.

____ 16. What happens when a chlorophyll molecule absorbs a photon of light? a. Some of its electrons are raised to a higher energy level. b. It disintegrates, giving off huge amounts of heat. c. It glows, radiating green light and giving the plant a green appearance. d. Red and blue wavelengths are emitted. ____ 17. When electrons of a chlorophyll molecule are raised to a higher energy level, a. they become a photon of light. b. they form a glucose bond.

c. they enter an electron transport chain. d. carotenoids are converted to chlorophyll. ____ 18. NADP+ is important in photosynthesis because it a. becomes oxidized to form NADP. b. is needed to form chlorophyll. c. provides additional oxygen atoms. d. carries hydrogen atoms and energy for producing organic molecules. ____ 19. The electrons of photosystem I a. are eventually replaced by electrons from photosystem II. b. attach to water molecules during the light reaction. c. produce molecules of oxygen that enter the atmosphere. d. are absorbed by oxygen molecules to form water. ____ 20. The source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis is a. carbon dioxide. c. the air. b. water. d. glucose. ____ 21. Products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are required by the dark reactions are a. oxygen and ATP. c. ATP and NADPH. b. water and oxygen. d. oxygen and NADPH. ____ 22. The dark reactions of photosynthesis a. require ATP and NADPH. b. can occur in both light and dark conditions. c. generate glucose. d. All of the above ____ 23. C3, C4, and CAM plants differ from each other in a. that C3 plants use the Calvin cycle for carbon fixation and C4 and CAM plants use different pathways for carbon fixation. b. that C3 plants have their stomata open during the day and C4 and CAM plants have their stomata open at night. c. the initial product of carbon fixation. d. that C3 plants use CO2 to form organic compounds and C4 and CAM plants use other sources of carbon. ____ 24. Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into a. oxygen. b. high-energy sugars. c. ATP and oxygen. d. oxygen and high-energy sugars.

____ 25. Which of the following are used in the overall reactions for photosynthesis? a. carbon dioxide b. water c. light d. all of the above ____ 26. Plants gather the sun’s energy with light-absorbing molecules called a. pigments. b. thylakoids. c. chloroplasts. d. glucose. ____ 27. A granum is a a. stack of chloroplasts. b. stack of thylakoids. c. membrane enclosing a thylakoid. d. photosynthetic pigment molecule. ____ 28. Where in the chloroplast is chlorophyll found? a. in the stroma b. in the thylakoid c. in the ATP d. in the glucose ____ 29. Which step is the beginning of photosynthesis? a. Pigments in photosystem I absorb light. b. Pigments in photosystem II absorb light. c. High-energy electrons move through the electron transport chain. d. ATP synthase allows H+ ions to pass through the thylakoid membrane. ____ 30. Why does the inside of the thylakoid membrane become positively charged during the light-dependent reactions? a. H+ ions are released as water splits. b. ATP synthase allows H+ ions to pass through the membrane. c. ATP synthase produces ATP from ADP. d. Carbon dioxide builds up in the stroma. ____ 31. The Calvin cycle takes place in the a. stroma. b. photosystems. c. thylakoid membranes. d. chlorophyll molecules. ____ 32. If carbon dioxide is removed from a plant’s environment, what would you expect to happen to the plant’s production of high-energy sugars?

a. b. c. d.

More sugars will be produced. Fewer sugars will be produced. The same number of sugars will be produced but without carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide does not affect the production of high-energy sugars in plants.

____ 33. When cells break down food molecules, energy a. is released all at once. b. is released entirely as body heat into the environment. c. is temporarily stored in ATP molecules. d. causes excitation of electrons in chlorophyll molecules. ____ 34. A substance, produced during the process of photosynthesis, that is used for completion of cellular respiration is a. water. c. NADPH. b. ATP. d. oxygen. ____ 35. The process of cellular respiration a. is performed only by organisms that are incapable of photosynthesis. b. breaks down food molecules to release stored energy. c. occurs before plants are able to carry out photosynthesis. d. occurs only in animals. ____ 36. photosynthesis : light :: a. light bulb : glass b. trunk : clothing

c. automobile : gasoline d. country : nation

____ 37. When glycolysis occurs, a. a molecule of glucose is split. b. two molecules of pyruvate are made. c. some ATP is produced. d. All of the above ____ 38. The name of the process that takes place when organic compounds are broken down in the absence of oxygen is a. respiration. c. fermentation. b. oxidation. d. All of the above ____ 39. When muscles are exercised extensively in the absence of sufficient oxygen, a. a large amount of ATP is formed. c. lactic acid is produced. b. NADH molecules split. d. oxidative respiration ceases. ____ 40. In cellular respiration, a two-carbon molecule combines with a four-carbon molecule to form citric acid as part of a. glycolysis. c. the Krebs cycle.

b. carbon fixation.

d. the electron transport chain.

____ 41. Acetyl-coenzyme A a. is formed from the breakdown of pyruvate. b. enters the Krebs cycle. c. can be used in fat synthesis. d. All of the above ____ 42. Which of the following is not part of cellular respiration? a. electron transport c. Krebs cycle b. glycolysis d. Calvin cycle ____ 43. With oxygen present, the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain a. provide organisms an alternative to glycolysis. b. produce most of the ATP needed for life. c. break down glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. d. All of the above ____ 44. Water is an end product in a. lactic acid formation. b. fermentation.

c. the Krebs cycle. d. the electron transport system.

____ 45. Krebs Cycle : CO2 :: a. glycolysis : glucose b. acetyl-CoA formation : O2

c. cellular respiration : O2 d. electron transport chain : ATP

C6 H12O6 + 6O2 + ADP + P  6CO2 + 6 H2O + MOLECULE A ____ 46. The process shown in the equation above begins in the cytoplasm of a cell and ends in the a. cytoplasm. c. endoplasmic reticulum. b. mitochondria. d. lysosome. ____ 47. The equation above summarizes the process known as a. photosynthesis. c. oxidative respiration. b. fermentation. d. protein breakdown. ____ 48. The molecule referred to as Molecule “A” in the equation above is a. NADPH. c. NADH. b. ATP. d. ADP. ____ 49. Which of the following is the best explanation for the presence of both chloroplasts and mitochondria in plant cells? a. In the light, plants are photosynthetic autotrophs. In the dark, they are heterotrophs.

b. If plants cannot produce enough ATP in the process of photosynthesis to meet their energy needs, they can produce it in aerobic respiration. c. Sugars are produced in chloroplasts. These sugars can be stored in the plant for later use, converted to other chemicals, or broken down in aerobic respiration to yield ATP for the plant to use to meet its energy needs. d. The leaves and sometimes the stems of plants contain chloroplasts which produce ATP to meet the energy needs of these plant parts. The roots of plants contain mitochondria which produce ATP to meet the energy needs of these plant parts. Completion Complete each statement. 50. Stacks of thylakoids, called ____________________, are found suspended in the stroma of chloroplasts.

51. A pigment that absorbs primarily red and blue photons of light for photosynthesis is called ____________________, while pigments that absorb other wavelengths and appear yellow and orange are called ____________________.

52. The main pigment associated with the two photosystems is ____________________.

53. The ____________________ plants have an enzyme that is more efficient at fixing CO2 than is the enzyme that accomplishes this in ____________________.

54. A membrane protein called _____________________ allows H+ ions to pass through the thylakoid membrane.

55. ____________________ is a biochemical pathway of cellular respiration that is anaerobic.

56. Glucose is split into smaller molecules during a biochemical pathway called ____________________.

57. In the absence of oxygen, instead of oxidative respiration following glycolysis, glycolysis is followed by ____________________.

58. During fermentation, either ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide or ____________________ is formed.

59. Of the maximum possible of 38 molecules of ATP produced by the complete oxidation of one glucose molecule, ____________________ molecules of ATP are produced during glycolysis.

Essay 60.

Describe the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis and aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells. Include in your discussion all of the following: (1) The structure and function of both the mitochondria and chloroplast (2) Where in the cell or specific place in the organelle that these reactions occur (3) All enzymes and pigments that facilitate these reactions (4) Name all major reactants and their products that play a role in each biochemical cycle. Photosynthesis: Sunlight + 6CO2 +12H20 C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O Light reaction: Calvin Cycle: Cellular Respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O 6CO2 +12H20 +Energy Glycolysis: Krebs cycle: Electron transport chain:

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Practice Exam Answer Section TRUE/FALSE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS:

T F F T T T T F

PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS:

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF:

I I I I I I I I

OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ:

6-1.1 6-1.1 6-1.1 6-1.1 6-1.2 7-1.1 7-1.2 7-1.3

OBJ: 8.3.1 PTS: 1

DIF:

E

PTS: 1 PTS: 1

DIF: I DIF: I

OBJ: 6-1.1 OBJ: 6-1.1

DIF: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS:

OBJ: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF:

OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ:

MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE 9. ANS: F, B PTS: 1 10. ANS: T OBJ: 8.3.1

DIF: A

MULTIPLE CHOICE 11. ANS: C 12. ANS: D 13. ANS: C (take place in the)

14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.

PTS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS:

1 C A A C D A B C D C D D A B B B

II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

6-1.1 I I I I I I I I I II B A B A A A

6-1.2 6-1.2 6-1.2 6-1.3 6-1.3 6-1.3 6-1.4 6-1.5 6-2.1 6-2.3 8.2.2 8.2.2 8.2.3 8.3.1 8.3.1 8.3.2

30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36.

37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45.

46. 47. 48. 49.

ANS: A ANS: A ANS: B ANS: C ANS: D ANS: B ANS: C (requires)

PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS:

1 1 1 1 1 1

DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF:

E A A I I I

OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ:

8.3.2 8.3.3 8.3.3 7-1.1 7-1.1 7-1.1

PTS: 1 ANS: D ANS: C ANS: C ANS: C ANS: D ANS: D ANS: D ANS: D ANS: A (produces)

DIF: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS:

II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

OBJ: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF:

7-1.1 I I I I I I I I

OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ:

7-1.2 7-1.3 7-1.3 7-2.1 7-2.1 7-2.1 7-2.2 7-2.2

PTS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS:

DIF: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS:

II 1 1 1 1

OBJ: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF:

7-2.2 II II II III

OBJ: OBJ: OBJ: OBJ:

7-2.3 7-2.4 7-2.4 7-2.3

1 B C B C

COMPLETION 50. ANS: grana PTS: 1 DIF: I 51. ANS: chlorophyll; carotenoids

OBJ: 6-1.1

PTS: 1 52. ANS: chlorophyll

DIF: I

OBJ: 6-1.2

PTS: 1 53. ANS: C4; C3

DIF: I

OBJ: 6-1.2

PTS: 1 DIF: I 54. ANS: ATP synthase

OBJ: 6-2.3

PTS: 1 55. ANS: Glycolysis

DIF: E

OBJ: 8.3.2

PTS: 1 56. ANS: glycolysis

DIF: I

OBJ: 7-1.2

PTS: 1 DIF: I 57. ANS: fermentation

OBJ: 7-1.2

PTS: 1 58. ANS: lactic acid

DIF: I

OBJ: 7-1.3

PTS: 1 59. ANS: 2

DIF: I

OBJ: 7-1.3

DIF: II

OBJ: 7-1.4

PTS: 1 ESSAY 60. ANS: a PTS: 1