Photoshop CS2. Step by Step Instructions Editing Images. Adobe. Open and Find Images Using File Browser:

Adobe® Photoshop CS2 Human Resources/ Learning & Development Step by Step Instructions – Editing Images Open and Find Images Using File Browser: ƒ ...
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Adobe®

Photoshop CS2

Human Resources/ Learning & Development

Step by Step Instructions – Editing Images Open and Find Images Using File Browser: ƒ

The File Browser is easier to use than the standard Open dialog box, particularly if you need to select and open one or more images from a directory of images. It includes a folder tree and a details pane, as well as Preview and Metadata panes.

ƒ

You can use the File Browser to: -

open files move and rename files view and edit a file's metadata flag and filter files batch rename files

1.

Select File - Browse to open the File Browser.

2.

Use the folder tree to navigate to the directory that contains the image.

3.

Select the image or images.

Flag an Image:

Rename an Image:





Click the image’s name.



Type a new name and click anywhere else in the File Browser to apply it.



Click the Flag button. A small flag next to the thumbnail of the image indicates that it's flagged. You flag all the other images that you want to group. Click the Show downpointing arrow and click Flagged Files. The File Browser hides all the unflagged files and displays only the files that you flagged.

Adjusting an Image’s Resolution Manually: 1.

Select Image → Image Size from the menu. The Image Size dialog box appears.

2.

Make sure the Resample Image check box is selected and choose Bicubic from the menu.

3.

In general, the Bicubic method is the best method for resampling.

4.

In the Resolution text box, type the new resolution number. NOTE: Most photographs on the Web have a resolution of 72 pixels per inch. This is because most monitors only display 72 pixels per inch, so it would be wasteful to display a photo with a higher resolution. The lower storage size also means your image will load faster on the Web. Before you click OK, note the new size of the image. The image is an astoundingly small eight kilobytes!

5.

Enter a new resolution here.

Click OK. NOTE: The image appears smaller on the screen. It is important to note, however, that the image’s print dimensions are the same as they were before you changed the resolution. You can use the ruler if you’re not sure. Because you chose to resample the image, the print dimensions remained fixed. Had you turned resampling off, you would have changed the print dimensions.

Revised 9/2006 – Janet W Lee – [email protected] – x8-7771

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Adobe®

Photoshop CS2 Step by Step Instructions – Editing Images

Human Resources/ Learning & Development

Adjust Image Resolution Automatically: When you use the Auto Resolution feature, Photoshop asks you to enter a screen frequency. You will need to consult your printer’s documentation in order to determine the appropriate screen frequency for your image. Select Image → Image Size from the menu. 1.

Make sure the Resample Image check box is selected and choose Bicubic from the menu. Bicubic is the default resampling method. You can also turn resampling off if you want to preserve the image’s total pixel count. Once you change the resolution, you will alter the image’s print dimensions.

2.

In the Image Size dialog box, click the Auto button. Photoshop displays the Auto Resolution dialog box. First you will need to enter a screen frequency. In general, higher screen frequencies are used for higher quality print jobs. The default is 133 lines per inch.

3.

In the Screen text box, type the appropriate number. Make sure the units are set to lines/inch. Once you have entered a screen frequency, you need to select one of three options for Quality:

4.



Draft produces a resolution equal to the screen frequency (no lower than 72 pixels per inch).



Good produces a resolution 1.5 times the screen frequency.



Best produces a resolution 2 times the screen frequency.

Select the Best option and click OK. Click OK. To reset the pixel dimensions in the Image Size dialog box, hold down on the key and click the Reset button. The Auto Resolution dialog box disappears and your are back in the Image Size dialog box. Notice the resolution has changed. It now reads 300 pixels per inch, twice the screen frequency you entered in the pervious step.

Change an Image’s Dimensions: When you change an image’s size, you are either adding pixels or subtracting pixels. Deciding which pixels to add or delete is a process called resampling (you might also hear it called interpolation). Fortunately, Photoshop does the resampling for you. But because the process is nothing more than sophisticated guesswork—Photoshop analyses existing color values to create new pixels or erase old pixels—you are likely to lose some quality whenever you change an image’s size. As a rule, it is usually better to shrink an image as opposed to enlarging it. But if you find your image is simply not up to par, try scanning it again at a higher resolution. Whenever you work with pixels, it’s always a good idea to keep a backup copy of your original image, in case want to start over. 1.

Select Image → Image Size from the menu. Photoshop

Enter a new pixel width and height here.

displays the Image Size dialog box. 2.

Make sure the Constrain Proportions check box is selected. This will preserve the image’s width to height ratio.

3.

Make sure the Resample Image check box is checked

Choose a resampling method here.

and set to Bicubic. There are several methods you can use to resample an image, but in general the Bicubic method will degrade the image the least. 4.

In the Pixel Width text box, type the new dimension. Make sure you are changing the Pixels Dimensions (top) and not the Document Size (bottom). Notice when you type 200 in the Width text box, Photoshop automatically updates the height to 300 pixels. That’s because you told the program to constrain the image’s proportions. Notice the image’s storage size shrank considerably.

5.

Click OK. You can verify the new image’s pixel size by Alt-clicking the Status Bar. Hold down on the key and click the Status Bar. The Status Bar is located in the bottom left corner of the screen. As you hold down on the mouse, you will see the image’s pixel size, followed by its print size in parentheses. NOTE: When you reduce an image’s pixel dimensions, you are eliminating pixels.

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Adobe®

Photoshop CS2

Human Resources/ Learning & Development

Step by Step Instructions – Editing Images Constrain an Image’s Proportions: When you constrain an image’s proportions, you ensure that its width to height ratio remains constant, even as you change its size. You can change an image’s size without constraining its proportions, but doing this tends to produce a kind of weird carnival look: images appear stretched or warped, like the photos above. Most of the time you will want to ensure that the Constrain Proportion function is turned on. 1.

Select Image → Image Size from the menu. Photoshop displays the Image Size dialog box.

2.

Make sure the Resample Image check box is selected.

3.

Make sure the Constrain Proportions check box is NOT checked.

4.

In the Width text box, type a number. Make sure you are changing the image’s pixel dimensions, and not the document size. NOTE: To reset the pixel dimensions in the Image Size dialog box, hold down on the key and click the Reset button.

5.

Click OK.

Error! Reference

Error! Reference

Change an Image’s Print Dimensions: 1.

Select Image → Image Size from the menu. Make sure the Resample Image check box is selected. Make sure the Constrain Proportions check box is checked.

2.

In the Width text box, type the new number. Make Enter the new print dimensions here.

sure the units next to the Width and Height text boxes are both set to inches. 3.

Click OK.

You can use the ruler to check your work. But first, make sure you can see your image on the screen.

Error! Reference

1. Select View → Fit on Screen from the menu. Your image should fit neatly in the window. Now let’s turn the ruler on. 2. Select View

→ Rulers from the menu. Photoshop

displays the rulers. Make sure the units are set to inches, if they’re not already. Right-click the ruler

You can use the ruler to check the image’s print dimensions.

and select Inches from the shortcut menu. As you look at the image on the screen, you can use the ruler to measure its height and width. Error! Reference

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Adobe®

Photoshop CS2 Step by Step Instructions – Editing Images

Human Resources/ Learning & Development

Change the Canvas Size: The Canvas Size command lets you add or remove work space around an existing image. You can also use the command to crop an image by decreasing the canvas area. 1.

Choose Image > Canvas Size.

2.

Do one of the following:

3.

Enter the dimensions for the canvas in the Width and Height boxes. Choose the units of measurement you want from the drop-down menus next to the Width and Height boxes.

4.

Select Relative, and enter the amount by which you want to increase or decrease the size of the canvas. (Enter a negative number to decrease the size of the canvas.)

5.

For Anchor, click a square to indicate where to position the existing image on the new canvas.

6.

7.

Choose an option from the Canvas Extension Color menu: •

Foreground to fill the new canvas with the current foreground color



Background to fill the new canvas with the current background color



White, Black, or Gray to fill the new canvas with that color



Other to select a new canvas color using the Color Picker

Click OK.

Rotate or Flip the Entire Image: Choose Image > Rotate Canvas, and choose one of the following commands from the submenu: •

180° Rotates the image by a half-turn.



90° CW Rotates the image clockwise by a quarter-turn.



90° CCW Rotates the image counterclockwise by a quarter-turn.



Arbitrary Rotates the image by the angle you specify. If you choose this option, enter an angle between –359.99 and 359.99 in the angle text box. (In Photoshop, you can select CW or CCW to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise.) Then click OK.



Flip Canvas Horizontal (Photoshop) or Flip Horizontal (ImageReady) Flips the image horizontally, along the vertical axis.



Flip Canvas Vertical (Photoshop) or Flip Vertical (ImageReady) Flips the image vertically, along the horizontal axis.

Crop an Image Using Marquee: Cropping is the process of cutting a selected area out of an image and discarding the rest of it. This reduces file size by removing unnecessary or unwanted areas of the image. 1.

Click the Crop icon in the toolbox. The Options bar for the Crop tool includes Width and Height text boxes for specifying the dimensions of a crop area. These text boxes are useful if you're cropping to a specific print size, but you should leave them clear if you want to crop the image freehand.

2.

With the Crop tool selected, drag a box around the area you want to preserve. This selects the area and defines it with a marquee. The rest of the image is covered with a semitransparent mask. You can drag the marquee to move it, and you can drag the handles at the corners and along the sides of the marquee to resize it. When you position the pointer outside the marquee, it changes into a curved arrow. You can then rotate the marquee by dragging the pointer. To change the orientation of a crop area, you click the double arrow button on the Options bar. This reverses the horizontal and vertical constraints, enabling you to crop in portrait or landscape format

3.

Click the Commit current crop operation button on the Options bar. Alternatively, you press Enter.

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Adobe®

Photoshop CS2 Step by Step Instructions – Editing Images

Human Resources/ Learning & Development

Crop an Image Using the Trim Command: 1.

Choose Image > Trim.

2.

In the Trim dialog box, select an option: • • • •

Transparent Pixels to trim away transparency at the edges of the image, leaving the smallest image containing nontransparent pixels. Top Left Pixel Color to remove an area the color of the upper left pixel from the image. Bottom Right Pixel Color to remove an area the color of the lower right pixel from the image. Select one or more areas of the image to trim away: Top, Bottom, Left, or Right.

Resize vs. Resample: Photoshop provides two ways of changing the size of an image: 1.

Resizing doesn't change the number of pixels in the image, so no distortion is introduced. You can freely resize an image any number of times without reducing its quality. However, resizing has limited usefulness for enlarging an image for printing, because it enlarges the print size of the pixels and reduces print quality. When you resize an image, you change its resolution.

2.

Resampling an image changes the number of pixels in an image, so it involves either removing or adding pixels and recalculating the color values of pixels. If you reduce the number of pixels in the image, Photoshop averages the color values of adjacent pixels to the ones it removes. If you increase the number of pixels, resampling interpolates the colors of the new pixels according to a mathematical algorithm.

Resizing is useful if you need an image to fit into a predefined space, such as a column in a publication or a designated area of a web page without changing its dimensions. However, you should be cautious when using resampling - particularly when increasing the number of pixels in an image - because it causes an irreversible loss of image quality. It is always better to start out with an image of the right size and resolution than to resample it to fit.

Apply AutoLevels: •

The Auto Levels tool is best used for correcting low-contrast images that have some form of color cast. It adjusts the color balance of an image by analyzing each color channel and converting the darkest colors to black, and the lightest colors to white. This process may apply a different color cast to the image. In a grayscale image, the Auto Levels tool has the same function as the Auto Contrast tool.



Select Image - Adjustments - Auto Levels. The color cast has been removed from the photograph, and the contrast between the elements it includes has been enhanced.

Apply Auto Color: •

The Auto Color tool is best used for correcting images that include distinct color casts. It converts the darkest and the lightest color in each channel to deepen shadows and increase highlights, shifting these colors toward neutral grays. It also shifts appropriate midtone colors to gray to remove color casts.



Select Image - Adjustments - Auto Color. The cast on the image is removed and the contrast is heightened.

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Adobe®

Photoshop CS2 Step by Step Instructions – Editing Images

Human Resources/ Learning & Development

Apply Auto Contrast: •

The Auto Contrast tool is best used for correcting an image that appears faded, but in which the colors seem correct. The tool darkens the darkest colors and lightens the lightest colors in an image, without changing their hue. As a result, there is no shift in color balance. In a grayscale image, the Auto Contrast tool has the same function as the Auto Levels tool.



Select Image - Adjustments - Auto Contrast. The contrast of the image is automatically adjusted, so that it no longer appears as faded.

Convert a Color Image to Black-and-White: Try these two methods. You can then select the image that you think looks best. 1.

Convert to grayscale. Select Image - Mode - Grayscale and then click OK to discard the color information. The image is instantly converted to a black and white image that includes various shades of gray. You can save this grayscale version, to compare it later with a single-channel version of the image.

2.

Convert to a single channel. Open the Channels palette. You select Windows Channels. The Channels palette lists each channel for the image - in this case, the red, green, and blue channels. Click on any channel to preview it. When you decide on which channel has a better black and white quality, you specify that you want to discard the other channels and use this channel only to create a grayscale image. You select Image - Mode - Grayscale and then click OK to discard the other channels. The Channels palette now lists a single Gray channel, and the image displays in grayscale. You can now save the image for use in the flier.

Adjust Hue/Saturation: Photoshop provides settings that enable you to adjust the hue and saturation of an entire image, or of a single color in an image. This is particularly useful if you need to adjust specific colors in a CMYK image to the specifications required by a printer or another output device. It also enables you to adjust the luminosity - or lightness - of an image in order to alter the brightness of highlights, shadows, and midtones. However, tools such as the Shadow/Highlight, Levels, and Curves tools are generally more effective for this purpose. •

Select Image - Adjustments - Hue/Saturation.

In the Hue/Saturation dialog box, the Hue, Saturation, and Lightness text boxes are defaulted to 0. Two color bars display at the bottom of the dialog box. The upper color bar shows the color range in the original image, and the lower color bar shows the effects to the colors of any changes you apply. NOTE: You can use the settings to add color to a grayscale image, provided you first convert it to use the RGB color model.

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Photoshop CS2 Step by Step Instructions – Editing Images

Human Resources/ Learning & Development

Apply Color Variations: Photoshop provides tools that you can use to correct color mapping, either manually or automatically. However, some of the automatic tools - such as the Brightness/Contrast and Color Balance tools - may damage an image. Instead of using automatic color mapping tools and risking damage to an image, you can use variation settings to fine-tune color mapping. To do this, you open the Variations dialog box. •

Select Image - Adjustments - Variations.

The Variations dialog box enables you to adjust the color mapping of an entire image. Depending on the radio button you click, it displays several thumbnails of the open image, each with different shadowing, midtone colors, highlighting, and saturation. Each time you click a thumbnail, you alter the previewed image in the Current Pick preview pane. You use the Fine/Coarse slider to adjust the degree to which each thumbnail enables you to alter the original image. Once you've finished altering the color mapping of an image, you click OK to accept the changes and close the Variations dialog box.

Adjust Shadow/Highlight: In Photoshop, you can alter the brightness only of specific sections of an image by adjusting the amount, width, and radius of the shadows and highlights it includes. This is useful for correcting backlighting problems - a background that is too bright and a foreground in shadow - in underexposed photographs. It's also useful for correcting overexposed photographs, which include overly bright foreground images and backgrounds that are too shadowed. • Select Image - Adjustments - Shadow/Highlight.

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Adobe®

Photoshop CS2 Step by Step Instructions – Editing Images

Human Resources/ Learning & Development

Remove Red Eyes: 1.

Zoom in so that you can easily see the problem area.

2.

Select the Red Eye tool in the toolbox and click in the red area of the eye to correct it.

NOTE: If you aren’t satisfied with the result, choose Edit > Undo and try again using a different Pupil Size and Darken Amount setting. You can change these settings in the option bar at the top of the application window.

Apply Unsharp Mask Filter: The Unsharp Mask sharpens an image by increasing contrast along the edges in an image. The Unsharp Mask does not detect edges in an image. Instead, it locates pixels that differ in value from surrounding pixels by the threshold you specify. It then increases the contrast of neighboring pixels by the amount you specify. So, for neighboring pixels the lighter pixels get lighter and the darker pixels get darker. In addition, you specify the radius of the region to which each pixel is compared. The greater the radius, the larger the edge effects. 1.

Choose Filter > Sharpen > Unsharp Mask. Make sure the Preview option is selected.

2.

Drag the Radius slider or enter a value to determine the number of pixels surrounding the edge pixels that affect the sharpening. The greater the radius value, the wider the edge effects. And the wider the edge effects, the more obvious the sharpening.

3.

Drag the Amount slider or enter a value to determine how much to increase the contrast of pixels. For high-resolution printed images, an amount between 150% and 200% is usually recommended.

4.

Drag the Threshold slider or enter a value to determine how different the sharpened pixels must be from the surrounding area before they are considered edge pixels and sharpened by the filter.

Apply Healing Brush: 1.

Select the Healing Brush tool.

2.

Click the brush sample in the options bar and set brush options in the pop‑ up palette: Note: If you’re using a pressure-sensitive digitizing tablet, choose an option from the Size menu to vary the size of the healing brush over the course of a stroke. Choose Pen Pressure to base the variation on the pen pressure. Choose Stylus Wheel to base the variation on the position of the pen thumbwheel. Choose Off if you don’t want to vary the size.

3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9.

Choose a blending mode from the Mode menu in the options bar. Choose Replace to preserve noise, film grain, and texture at the edges of the brush stroke. Choose a source to use for repairing pixels in the options bar: Sampled to use pixels from the current image, or Pattern to use pixels from a pattern. If you chose Pattern, select a pattern from the Pattern pop‑ up palette. Select Aligned in the options bar to sample pixels continuously, without losing the current sampling point, even if you release the mouse button. Deselect Aligned to continue to use the sampled pixels from the initial sampling point each time you stop and resume painting. Select Use All Layers in the options bar to sample data from all visible layers. Deselect Use All Layers to sample only from the active layer. For the Healing Brush tool in sampling mode, set the sampling point by positioning the pointer in any open image and Altclicking (Windows) or Option-clicking (Mac OS). Note: If you are sampling from one image and applying to another, both images must be in the same color mode unless one of the images is in Grayscale mode. Drag in the image.

The sampled pixels are melded with the existing pixels each time you release the mouse button. Look in the status bar to view the status of the melding process. Revised 9/2006 – Janet W Lee – [email protected] – x8-7771

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Photoshop CS2 Step by Step Instructions – Editing Images

Human Resources/ Learning & Development

Apply Spot Healing Brush: 1.

Select the Spot Healing Brush tool in the toolbox, and then set options for the tool. In the options bar at the top of the application window, click the triangle next to Brush to open the Brush picker. Drag the Diameter slider to change the brush size. Use a brush size that is about the size of the defect you want to fix.

2.

To remove any unwanted spots, click on the spot or drag the pointer over it.

Apply Patch Tool: The Patch tool lets you repair a selected area with pixels from another area or a pattern. Like the Healing Brush tool, the Patch tool matches the texture, lighting, and shading of the sampled pixels to the source pixels. You can also use the Patch tool to clone isolated areas of an image. 1.

Select the Patch tool.

2.

Do one of the following: •

Drag in the image to select the area you want to repair, and select Source in the options bar.



Drag in the image to select the area from which you want to sample, and select Destination in the options bar.

NOTE: You can also make a selection prior to selecting the Patch tool. 3.

To adjust the selection, do one of the following: • Shift-drag in the image to add to the existing selection. • Alt-drag (Windows) or Option-drag (Mac OS) in the image to subtract from the existing selection. • Alt+Shift-drag (Windows) or Option+Shift-drag (Mac OS) in the image to select an area intersected by the existing selection.

4.

Position the pointer inside the selection, and do one of the following: • If Source is selected in the options bar, drag the selection border to the area from which you want to sample. When you release the mouse button, the originally selected area is patched with the sampled pixels. • If Destination is selected in the options bar, drag the selection border to the area you want to patch. When you release the mouse button, the newly selected area is patched with the sampled pixels.

Apply the Clone Stamp Tool: •

The Clone Stamp tool takes a sample of an image, which you can then apply over another image or part of the same image. Each stroke of the tool paints on more of the sample. The Clone Stamp tool is useful for duplicating an object or removing a defect in an image.



When you use the Clone Stamp tool, you set a sampling point on the area you want to apply over another area. By selecting Aligned in the options bar, you can reuse the most current sampling point, no matter how many times you stop and resume painting. When Aligned is deselected, you’ll reuse the same sampled pixels each time you paint.



Because you can use any brush tip with the Clone Stamp tool, you have a lot of control over the size of the area you clone. You can also use opacity and flow settings in the options bar to finesse the way you apply the cloned area. You can sample from one image and apply the clone in another image, as long as both images are in the same color mode.

1.

Select the Clone Stamp tool .

2.

Choose a brush tip and set brush options for the blending mode, opacity, and flow in the options bar.

3.

Determine how you want to align the sampled pixels. Select Aligned in the options bar to sample pixels continuously, without losing the current sampling point, even if you release the mouse button. Deselect Aligned to continue to use the sampled pixels from the initial sampling point each time you stop and resume painting.

4.

Select Use All Layers in the options bar to sample data from all visible layers; deselect Use All Layers to sample only from the active layer.

5.

Set the sampling point by positioning the pointer in any open image and Alt-clicking (Win) or Option-clicking (Mac).

6.

Drag over the area of the image you want to correct.

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Adobe®

Photoshop CS2 Step by Step Instructions – Editing Images

Human Resources/ Learning & Development

Create Panoramic Images Using Photomerge: The Photomerge™ command combines several photographs into one continuous image. 1.

Choose File > Automate > Photomerge.

2.

In the Photomerge dialog box, choose an option from the Use pop-up menu:

3.

Files Generates the Photomerge composition using individual files.

4.

Folders Uses all the images stored in a folder to create the Photomerge composition. The files in the folder appear in the dialog box.

5.

Open Files Uses the image files you have open in Photoshop.

6.

Click the Browse button to navigate to the source files or folder you want to use to create the Photomerge composition.

7.

When you’ve added all the source files, click OK to create the Photomerge composition. The source files are opened and assembled automatically. Sixteen-bits-per-channel images and 32‑ bits-per-channel are converted to 8‑ bits-per-channel images.

8.

When the new panorama appears in the Photomerge dialog box, you can work with individual source files and change your view of the work area. If you need to rearrange the order of the images, drag an image in the work area to reposition it, or rearrange the images in the lightbox.

9.

If necessary, adjust the vanishing point or blending settings of your composition.

10. If you want to save each image in the composition in individual layers, select Keep as Layers. (This is useful if you need to correct the color of each image separately.) 11. Do one of the following: •

Click the OK button to generate the panorama as a new Photoshop file. The composition then opens in Photoshop.



Click the Save Composition As button to save the composition and open it again at a later time.

About the History Palette: •

Use the History palette to jump to any recent state of the image created during the current working session. Each time you apply a change to an image, the new state of that image is added to the palette.



Use the History palette to delete image states and, in Photoshop, to create a document from a state or snapshot.



To display the History palette, choose Window > History, or click the History palette tab.

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