Performance Based Navigation: Developments and Benefits
ICAO PBN Seminar
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June 2008
Eduardo Juranovic IATA Assistant Director, Safety, Operations & Infrastructure Latin America & Caribbean
[email protected] (305) 779-9837 ICAO PBN Seminar
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June 2008
IATA today ¸ 230 Airline Members ¸ from 143 countries ¸ 94% of total international traffic ¸ 200 partners ¸ Representation in 90 countries ¸ 1400 staff ¸ www.iata.org ICAO PBN Seminar
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June 2008
ICAO PBN Seminar
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June 2008
PBN Benefits for Airlines/Operators ¸ RNP uses the GPS navigational capabilities … to optimize flight approach and departure tracks and reduce fuel consumption and emissions while enhancing safety and providing access to airports in reduced weather conditions. ¸ RNP offers more reliable and predictable flight paths, time and fuel savings, shorter route distances, reduced emissions and noise. Capt. Chris Manning, Qantas Chief Pilot (Flight International, 27 May – 2 June 2008) ICAO PBN Seminar
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June 2008
PBN Safety Benefits ¸ CFIT reduction ¸ Stabilized approaches ¸ Safer missed-approaches ¸ Safer non-normal procedures ¸ Less stress on flight crews ¸ Less ATC COMM congestion ¸ No ILS, VOR signal distortion
ICAO PBN Seminar
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June 2008
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
ICAO PBN Seminar
¸USA:
GPS (+ WAAS, LAAS)
¸Russia:
GLONASS
¸EU:
GALILEO (+ EGNOS)
¸Others:
MSAS (Japan), GAGAN (India) 7
June 2008
Aircraft Capability
HF Antenna
Modern aircraft contain advanced systems, RNAV, RNP, datalink and ADS features, and robust configurations e.g. dual FMC, dual GPS, dual DME/VOR, Low Gain GPS Satellite High Gain triple IRS, ADS, etc. Antennas Antenna Satellite Antenna
Displays
TCAS II
Mode S Amplifier
Flt Deck Displays/ Alerting
Satellite Data Unit HFTransceiver
MMR ILS GPS
Flight Management System
Autopilot/ Flight Director Systems TCAS II
Flight Management System
Monitoring Alerting System
Audio Control Panel
DME
Radio Tuning Panel
VOR
VOR IRS
DME
VHF Transceiver
Mode S
VHF Antenna
ILS VOR TCAS II Mode S DME Antennas Antenna Antenna Antennas Antennas
ICAO PBN Seminar
ACARS Management Unit
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June 2008
ICAO PBN Seminar
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June 2008
Cessna 182 Skylane
ICAO PBN Seminar
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June 2008
Environmental Objective and Strategy ¸Carbon-neutral in the medium-term ¸Zero-carbon emissions in long-term ¸Four-pillar strategy: ¸1. Invest in new technology ¸2. Build and use efficient infrastructure ¸3. Operate planes effectively ¸4. Economic measures/tax incentives
Facts and Figures ¸ Transport in general accounts for 14% of global greenhouse gas emissions ¸ behind the power and land use sectors ¸ the same as the agriculture sector ¸ Aviation is responsible for 12% of CO2 emissions from all transport sources ¸ 76% is from road transport ¸ 1% reduction in fuel burn (or 1 minute reduction in flight time) ¸ saves 7 million tons emissions per year ¸ saving 1 kg on each flight could save roughly ¸ 1,700 tons of fuel per year ¸ 5,400 tons of CO2 per year ¸ Aircraft and engine manufacturers devote up to 15% of turnover to research ICAO PBN Seminar
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June 2008
Facts and Figures ¸ 1 kg of fuel CO2 produces 3.19 kg (varies between 3.12 – 3.26 kg) ¸ New aircraft are 70% more fuel efficient than 40 years ago ¸ 20% better than 10 years ago ¸ Airlines are aiming for a further 25% fuel efficiency improvement by 2020 ¸ Modern aircraft achieve fuel efficiencies of 3.5 lt. per 100 passenger km. ¸ The A380 and B787 are aiming for 3 lt. per 100 passenger km ¸ 78 passenger MPG ¸ better than a compact car!
ICAO PBN Seminar
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June 2008
Facts and Figures ¸ Air transport produces 2% of global CO2 emissions ¸ could reach 3% by 2050 ¸ 700 million tons per year ¸ this is actually less than the CO2 produced worldwide by cattle
ICAO PBN Seminar
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June 2008
Facts and Figures ¸ Crows are famous for their ability to fly between two points by the most direct route ¸ But aircraft often have to zig-zag ¸ By shortening routes, we can cut CO2 emissions by 6 million tones per year
Flying is a wonderful thing ICAO PBN Seminar
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June 2008
VOR AIRPORT A
RNAV routes NDB AIRPORT B
RNAV ROUTE
ICAO PBN Seminar
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ATS ROUTE
June 2008
¸ The use of satellite technology has allowed the aviation industry to move away from its dependence on ground based navigation systems
Current Ground Nav aids
RNAV
RNP Waypoints Seamless Vertical Path “curved” paths
Limited Design Flexibility ICAO PBN Seminar
Increased Airspace Efficiency
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Highly Optimized Use of Airspace
June 2008
RNAV Route: Lima – Buenos Aires NAV Route UA 558 / UB 679 Lima
Savings Dist.: 36 NM Time: 5 min. Fuel: 2.0M lb./yr
RNAV Route UL 550
Buenos Aires
ICAO PBN Seminar
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June 2008
RNAV Route: Santiago – BA/Montevideo Savings Dist.: 16 NM Time: 2 min. Fuel: 1.4M lb./yr
NEW RNAV ROUTE UM 424
OLD NAV ROUTE UW 68
ICAO PBN Seminar
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June 2008
PBN Applications ¸ Departures ¸ Normal (SID) ¸ Engine-out (MTOW)
¸ Routes ¸ Arrivals (STAR) ¸ Instrument approaches ¸ Non-precision (NPA) ¸ With vertical guidance (APV) ¸ RNP ¸ GLS ICAO PBN Seminar
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June 2008
RNAV Approaches: Quito (Ecuador) Savings: 37 NM, 11 min. Fuel: 6.0M lb./yr.
ICAO PBN Seminar
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June 2008
RNAV/RNP Procedures
ICAO PBN Seminar
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June 2008
Atlanta RNAV Departure Procedures (April 2005) Before RNAV
ICAO PBN Seminar
After RNAV
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June 2008
DFW before and after implementation of RNAV procedures
ICAO PBN Seminar
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June 2008
RNP SAAAR Approach Procedure Washington National Airport (KDCA)
¸ Safety enhancement, with guided, stabilized 3D path to runway ¸ Provides RNP corridor which avoids prohibited airspace ICAO PBN Seminar 7 of 12
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June 2008
Augmentation Systems ¸
Aircraft based Augmentation System – ABAS ¸RAIM, FDE ¸global coverage ¸ Satellite Based Augmentation System – SBAS ¸WAAS, EGNOS ¸regional coverage ¸ Ground Based Augmentation System – GBAS ¸LAAS ¸local coverage ¸ First Boeing production airplane with LAAS: 12 May 2005 (737NG) ICAO PBN Seminar
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June 2008
GBAS COMPONENTS ¸ Differential ground station ¸ VHF datalink receiver to aircraft (108 MHz – 117 MHz Band) ¸ GBAS can provide corrections for SBAS GEO ranging signals DATA LINK
GBAS GROUND STATION
ICAO PBN Seminar
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June 2008
GBAS Installation at Sydney
ICAO PBN Seminar
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June 2008
GBAS Installation at Sydney GPS Reference Receiver Antennas VHF Data Link Antenna
GLS Facility Shelter
ICAO PBN Seminar
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June 2008
The Future GNSS ¸ The joint use of GPS (modernized), GLONASS and GALILEO IS anticipated ¸ Improved ABAS is anticipated (implementation of L5) ¸ Two augmentation systems are being implemented ¸ SBAS ¸ Already providing high integrity en route through APV guidance ¸ Cat I in future over wide areas
¸ GBAS ¸ eventually will provide CAT I, II and III procedures
ICAO PBN Seminar
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June 2008
AW&ST Nov. 5, 2007
ICAO PBN Seminar
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June 2008
Thank you
ICAO PBN Seminar
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June 2008
