Fakultät Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Wirtschaftsinformatik und Wirtschaftsrecht Department IT-Security Managment

Payment Systems for Distributed Transport Scheme .. Lars Fischer Universität Siegen

September 23, 2014

Lars Fischer

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Fakultät Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Wirtschaftsinformatik und Wirtschaftsrecht Department IT-Security Managment

Outline

Introduction Related Work Advance Payment Process Distance Measure Discussion Conclusion .

Lars Fischer

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Introduction Physical Objects Sneaker Transport

▶

Co-Presence Networks

▶

Payment for Transportation Effort Factors

▶

▶ ▶ ▶

▶

Challenges: ▶ ▶

Lars Fischer

Time Object Size/Weight here: Distance Fair Transport Distance Measure Secure Payment

.

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P.O.S.T.-Application

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Transport Path e5 e4 e1

a5

a6 d

a1

a2 e2

. s → → − − → + ··· + − se en d ≥ sd 1 Lars Fischer

a4

a3 e3

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Requirements for Fair Transport Distance R 1) Predictable/fixed price of transportation ▶

p(s, d) ∼ δ(s, d)

R 2) Fair division of work done ▶ ▶ ▶

i) p(ai ) ∼ p(s, d) × ∑δ(a δ(aj ) No negative distance don’t pay for work Overshooting of destination (passing it closely)

R 3) Tamper-proof Evidence of Distance Travelled ▶ ▶

Prevent detouring Misplacement of last position

R 4) Prevent malicious collaboration R 5) Payment after the object reached its destination or on the spot?

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Related Concepts

▶ ▶ ▶ ▶

Lars Fischer

Proof-of-Work (Adam Back: HashCash [1]) Fair division Line-of-Sound-Verification: [3] Position-Based Cryptography [2]

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Advance Payment Process 1. advance payment s −→ d 2. connect payment to packet securely (voucher) 3. pay back delivery an −→ an−1 s .

pa2

pa1

ps a1

e1

a2

e2

pa3 a3

e3

pa4 a4

d

psd [Narrative-Style Contact Graph (see http://xkcd.com/657/)]

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Fakultät Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Wirtschaftsinformatik und Wirtschaftsrecht Department IT-Security Managment

Voucher Requirements ▶ Prove that payment happened ▶ ▶

▶

Lars Fischer

Prove relation payment to packet Prevent double-spending (same voucher for multiple packets) Partial reimbursement

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Bitcoin for Vouchers ▶ ▶ ▶

Transaction is public Reference packet id Utilise unique stamp ▶ ▶

One-time-Stamps Reusable-RFID-Stamps

.

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Proof-of-Distance Schemes e5 e4 e1 d e2

..

▶ ▶

s e3

Lars Fischer

▶

▶

Distance Travelled Orthogonal Forward Propagation Backward Propagation

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Distance Travelled Scheme ei

ei−1

a i) d t(

s.

d

Projected Vector Lenght: dt (ai ) := δ(ei , ei+1 )

Fair Payment: p(ai ) =

p(s, d) · dt (ai ) ∑ dt (aj ) j

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Fakultät Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Wirtschaftsinformatik und Wirtschaftsrecht Department IT-Security Managment

Orthogonal Payment Scheme ei d

s .

) d o(a i

Projected Vector Lenght: \ do (ai ) := δ((s − ei ) · (d − s)).

Fair Payment: p(ai ) :=

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p(s, d) · do (ai ) δ(s, d)

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Forward Propagation Scheme ei a1 , . . . , ai

s .

) d f(a i

d

Radius from s: df (ai ) = δ(s, ei )

(1)

Fair Payment: p(ai ) :=

Lars Fischer

p(s, d) · do (ai ) δ(s, d)

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Backward Propagation Scheme m

a1 , . . . , ai

s .

) d b(a i

d

Backward distance: db (ai ) = δ(ei , d)

(2)

Fair Payment: p(ai ) :=

Lars Fischer

p(s, d) · (δ(s, d) − do (ai ) δ(s, d) 15/21

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Evaluation of Schemes Distance Travelled

▶

Orthogonal

▶ ▶

Forward

▶ ▶

Backward

▶ ▶

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▶ - Overall Distance/Price not known before delivery (no advance payment possible) OR overall price paid by agents will be larger than price of p(s,d) + no overshooting possible - Full payment on overshooting the target - Negative earnings for “going backwards”

- Should not overshoot d: Full Payment on overshooting - Negative Payment if moving backwards - Should not overshoot s - Negative Payment if moving backwards

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Discussion Advance Payment + Fitting Scheme R 1) Trivially R 2) see above R 3) ▶ Only event distance paid ▶

Already Paid Dist in Ledger

R 4) Collaborators share only combined dist R 5) No proof of delivery

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Conclusion

Future Work: ▶ Insurance/Value-based Payment?

▶

Bitcoin requires Connectivity — don’t want that Implement it Transfer to Time

▶

Utilisation of Size/Weight

▶ ▶

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Lars Fischer [email protected] IT-Sicherheitsmanagement Universität Siegen AED8 D74C 3ABE D1CE DCF9 1460 505D ECD3 8A8D 7449

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CfP GeoProcessing 2015 The Seventh International Conference on Advanced Geographic Information Systems, Applications, and Services February 22 - 27, 2015 — Lisbon, Portugal Co-located with DigitalWorld 2015 IARIA — International Acadamy, Research, and Industry Association Geo-spatial Fundamentals Geo-spatial Web Services GIS Geo-Spatial Simulation and Visualization Geo-Modeling

Digital Cartography Data Earth Geo-Observation Geo-Sensing Specific Geo-Data Processing Geo-Spatial Domain Applications Managing Geo-Spatial Data

Submission: Oct. 12th 2014 http://www.iaria.org/conferences2015/GEOProcessing15.html Lars Fischer

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Bibliography Adam Back. Hashcash - A Denial of Service Counter-Measure. Tech. rep. Aug. 2002. url: http://www.hashcash.org/papers/hashcash.pdf. N. Chandran et al. “Position-Based Cryptography”. In: SIAM Journal on Computing 43.4 (2014), pp. 1291–1341. doi: 10.1137/100805005. eprint: http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/100805005. url: http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/100805005. Naveen Sastry, Umesh Shankar, and David Wagner. “Secure Verification of Location Claims”. In: Proceedings of the 2Nd ACM Workshop on Wireless Security. WiSe ’03. San Diego, CA, USA: ACM, 2003, pp. 1–10. isbn: 1-58113-769-9. doi: 10.1145/941311.941313. url: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/941311.941313. Lars Fischer

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