Part II Acronyms and Abbreviations An asterisk (*) refers to this term in Part I, the Dictionary
A AAA *Accra Agenda for Action AAH Action Against Hunger AAM Air-to-air *missile AB *Atom bomb, *atomic bomb ABC Airway, breathing, circulation (emergency medicine) Atomic, biological, chemical (weapons) ABM *Antiballistic missile ABU Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union AC Arctic Council ACC Administrative Committee on Coordination (United Nations) ACF Action Contre la Faim (Action Against Hunger: AAH) ACGHST African Centre for Global Health and Social Transformation ACHPR African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights ACLS *Advanced cardiac life support ACORD Agency for Cooperation and Research in Development ACS *American College of Surgeons ACSM Advocacy, communication and social mobilization ACT Action by Churches Together ACTED Artemisinin-based combination therapy (against malaria) Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development
ACUNS *Academic Council on the United Nations System ADB African Development Bank AsDB Asian Development Bank ADI Acceptable daily intake (of toxic substance) ADP Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (AIT) ADRA Adventist Development and Relief Agency AERE Atomic Energy Research Establishment (UK – Harwell) AEROSAT International Aeronautic Satellite Programme AFB Acid-fast bacilli AFP Agence France Presse AFRO Regional Office for Africa (WHO) AFY Advocates for Youth AGBU Armenian General Benevolent Union AGFUND Arab Gulf Fund for United Nations Development AGM Air-to-ground *missile A(H1N1) Porcine influenza virus strain *Swine influenza virus pandemic 2009 AHCO AIDS Healthcare Organization AHH Arbeitsstab Humanitäre Hilfe (Germany) AHPSR Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research (WHO)
S.W.A. Gunn, Dictionary of Disaster Medicine and Humanitarian Relief, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-4445-9_2, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
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AI *Amnesty International AID United States Agency for International Development (also USAID) AIDES Italian association for health development *AIDS/Aids *Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (also HIV/AIDS) AIFOMD Association Internationale de Formateurs en Objectifs du Millénaire pour le Développement / IAMDGT AIS Abbreviated injury scale AIT Asian Institute of Technology AIUTA Association Internationale des Universités du Troisième Age AKF *Aga Khan Foundation *ALARA *As low as reasonably achievable (radiation dose) ALDHU Latin American Human Rights Association ALITE Augmented Logistics Intervention Team (WFP) *ALS *Advanced life support (anaesthesia, emergency) AM Transmission through amplitude modulation AMA American Medical Association AMAP Arctic Monitoring Assessment Programme AMDF AIDS-adjusted PMDF AMELISAP Association des Médecins Libéraux Sapeurs Pompiers AMI Acute myocardial infarction AMP Agence de Médecine Préventive AMPATH Academic Model for Prevention and Treatment of HIV/AIDS AmRC/ARC American Red Cross *AMRO Regional Office for the Americas (WHO) AMSAT Amateur satellite AMVER Automated Mutual Assistance Vessel Rescue ANC Antenatal care African National Congress (South Africa)
Part II
Acronyms and Abbreviations
AP Associated Press *APACHE *Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation APCDM *Asia-Pacific Conference on Disaster Medicine API Active pharmaceutical ingredient APM Asociaciòn Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo (Association of Grandmothers of Plaza de Mayo – Argentina) APOC African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (WHO) APPS African Partnership for Public Health Safety APT *Association for the Prevention of Torture APU *Auxiliary power unit ARABSAT Arab Satellite Communications Organization ARC American Refugee Committee Centre for ARCDM All-Russian Disaster Medicine *Zaschita ARD *Acute respiratory disease (or distress) ARI Annual risk of infection ARPCT Alliance for Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism ARSI *Association of Rural Surgeons of India ART Antiretroviral therapy ARV Antiretrovirus ASAFED African Association of Education for Development ASAP As soon as possible ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASH Action on Smoking and Health ASI Anti-Slavery International ATA Actual time of arrival ATD Actual time of departure ATLS *Advanced trauma life support ATOP *Association for Trauma Outreach and Prevention ATTAC *Attac. (French): Association pour une Taxation des Transactions financières pour l’Aide aux Citoyens
Part II
187
Acronyms and Abbreviations
ATWC Alaska *Tsunami Warning Center AU African Union (previously OAU: Organization of African Unity) AVPU *Awake, verbal response, pain response, unresponsive AVSI Association of Volunteers in International Service AWACS Airborne Warning and Control System AWRE Atomic Weapons Research Establishment
B BAL British anti-lewisite BBC British Broadcasting Corporation *BCG *Bacille Calmette-Guérin (antiTB vaccine) BCT (WHO Department of) Blood Safety and Clinical Technology BDP Bureau for Development Policy (UNDP) BDS *Bradford Disaster Scale BENELUX Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg BHR Bureau for Humanitarian Response (US-OFDA) *BLEVE *Boiling liquid expanded vapour explosion BLS *Basic life support BMA British Medical Association BMI Body mass index BMR *Basal metabolic rate BMS Breast milk substitute BOD *Burden of disease BP Medicine: Blood pressure Industry: British Petroleum *Bq *Becquerel (unit of nuclear activity that has replaced the curie) BRICS Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa (major emerging countries) *BSA *Body surface area (of burn injury)
BSE *Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease) BTS *Blood transfusion service BW *Biological warfare/biological weapon(s) BWC *Biological Weapons Convention
C °C Celsius (degree of heat; has replaced the centigrade) C3 Command, control and communications CAD Coronary artery disease CAF Cost and freight CAFOD Catholic Fund for Overseas Development cal Calorie (unit of heat) CALD Culturally and linguistically diverse CARE Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere CARICOM Caribbean Community and Common Market *CARITAS *International Confederation of Catholic Organizations for Charitable and Social Action CARTA Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa CAS Collision avoidance system CASs Country assistance strategies CASA Coordinating Action on Small Arms CAT *Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment CATW Coalition Against Trafficking in Women CBC Community-based care CBD Canadian Broadcasting Corporation CBJO Coordinating Board of Jewish Organizations CBO Community-based organization
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CBRN Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, (non-conventional weapons) cc Cubic centimetre CC Corps Consulaire/Consular Corps CCCF Canadian Child Care Federation (FCSGE) CCD Convention to Combat Desertification (UN) CCF Christian Children’s Fund CCIA Commission of the Churches on International Affairs CCS *Casualty Clearing Station Country Cooperation Strategy (WHO) CCW Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons which may be Deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to have Indiscriminate Effects CD Conference on Disarmament Corps Diplomatique/Diplomatic Corps CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA) CDCIR Community Documentation Centre on Industrial Risk CDE Centre International de l’Enfance (ICC, Paris) CE Council of Europe/Conseil de l’Europe CECP Committee Encouraging Corporate Philanthropy CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women CEF Central Emergency Response Fund CEMD Confidential enquiry into maternal deaths CEMEC *European Centre for Disaster Medicine/Centro Europeo per la Medicina delle Catastrofi CEPREDENAC Centro de Prevenciòn para Desastres Naturales en America Central CERD Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (UN)
Part II
Acronyms and Abbreviations
CERF Central Emergency Response Fund CERN Centre Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire–European Centre for Nuclear Research CESCR Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (UN) CETIM *Centre Europe – Tiers Monde CFC *Chemistry: chlorofluorocarbons UN: Common Fund for Commodities CFR Case fatality rate CFS Committee on World Food Security CFSAM Crop and Food Supply Assessment Mission (WFP-FAO) CGF Calouste *Gulbenkian Foundation CHAP Common Humanitarian Action Plan Consolidated Humanitarian Assistance Programme CHD Child Health and Development (Division of WHO) CHF Canadian Hunger Foundation CHH Child-headed household CHOICE-WHO CHOosing Interventions that are Cost Effective-WHO CHP Centre for Humanitarian Psychology CHW *Community health worker CI *Caritas Internationalis (CARITAS) Conservation International CIA Central Intelligence Agency (USA) CICARWS Commission on Inter-Church Aid, Refugee and World Service CICP Centre for International Crime Prevention CICR/ICRC *Comité International de la Croix-Rouge – International Committee of the Red Cross CICRED Committee for International Cooperation in National Research in Demography CIDA *Canadian International Development Agency
Part II
Acronyms and Abbreviations
CIHC Center for International Health and Cooperation CIHR Canadian Institutes of Health Research CIGLOB International Center for Globalization and Development CIF Cost, insurance and freight CILSS Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the *Sahel CIM Committee for International *Migration CIMIC Civilian-military cooperation CINDI Children in Distress International CIOMS Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences CIPIH Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation and Public Health (WHO) CISFAM Consolidated Information System for *Famine Management in Africa CISP Comitato Internazionale per lo Sviluppo dei Popoli CISR Center for International Stabilization and Recovery (of *landmines) CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CIVICUS World Alliance for Citizen Participation CLAS Culturally and linguistically appropriate health services cm Centimetre CMA *Cranfield Mine Action Canadian Medical Association CMH Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (WHO) CMI Crop moisture index CMR Crude mortality rate CND Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament CNN Cable News Network CNS Central nervous system CO2 *Carbon dioxide COC Combined oral contraceptive
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COD Cash on delivery COHRED *Council on Health Research for Development COMPAS Commodity Movement Processing and Analysis System (WFP) COMSAT Communications Satellite Corporation CONGO Conference of Non-Governmental Organizations in Consultative Status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COR UNUM Coordination of Roman Catholic Relief Agencies COSECSA College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa COSME Operational Coordination of Medical Emergencies Surveillance (Italy) COVAW Coalition on *Violence Against Women CPI/TI *Corruption Perceptions Index of Transparency International CpiE Child Protection in Emergencies CPR *Cardiopulmonary resuscitation CR (E) Casualty rate (estimation) CRC Committee on the Rights of the Child *CRED *Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (Belgium) CRS Catholic Relief Services CSB *Corn-soya blend CSD Commission on *Sustainable Development CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (Australia) CSM *Corn-soya milk CSO Civil Service Organization CSOPP Civil Society Organizations and Participation Programme (UNDP) CSOU *Civil Society and Outreach Unit (UN-DSPD)
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CSR Corporate social responsibility CSW Commercial sex worker CTBT Comprehensive Nuclear-TestBan Treaty CTBTO Comprehensive Nuclear-TestBan-Treaty Organization CTS Communications Technology Satellite CTV Centre for Torture Victims (Bosnia-Herzegovina) CUI *Chernobyl Union International CUSO Canadian University Services Overseas CVA *Cerebrovascular accident CVD Cardiovascular disease CVM Complex of vitamins and minerals CW *Chemical warfare/chemical weapon CWC *Chemical Weapons Convention CWGL Center for Women’s Global Leadership CWS Church World Service
D DAC Development Assistance Committee (OECD) DALE *Disability-adjusted life expectancy DALY(s) *Disability-adjusted life year(s) DANIDA Danish International Development Agency DARA *Development Assistance Research Associates DART Disaster Assistance Response Team (US/AID and Canada) DAW Division for the Advancement of Women (UN) DBS Direct broadcast satellite DCCP Disaster critical control point DCI Defence of Children International/ DEI: Défense des Enfants International DCF Development Cooperation Forum DDA Department of Disarmament Affairs (UN) DDD Direct distance dialling
Part II
Acronyms and Abbreviations
DDR Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration DDT Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (insecticide) DDW Das Diakonische Werk – German church service DECAF *Democratic Control of Armed Forces/Geneva DECIPHer Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement DELNET Development local network (*ILO) DESA Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN) DEW Distant Early Warning (military radar network) DFCM *Dried full-cream milk DFID Department for Foreign International Development (UK) DHA *UN Department of Humanitarian Affairs (see OCHA) DHD *Disaster health diplomacy DHS Demographic and health surveys DIANE Direct Information Access Network for Europe *DNA *Deoxyribonucleic acid DNDi *Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative DNR Do not resuscitate DOA/d.o.a. Dead on arrival DoC Declaration of commitment DOC Direct operating costs DoCip Documentation Centre for Indigenous Peoples’ Research and Information DOTS Directly observed treatment short course (for TB, WHO) DP Displaced person(s) DPA Department of Political Affairs (UN) DPI Department of Public Information/ UN Disabled Peoples’ International
Part II
Acronyms and Abbreviations
DPKO *UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations DPLU Disaster Prevention and Limitation Unit (*Bradford University, UK) DPT *Diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (vaccine) DRC Danish Refugee Council DRK Deutsches Rotes Kreuz (German Red Cross) DRS Drug resistance surveillance (or survey) DRSE Drug-related side effects DSA Daily subsistence allowance DSM *Dried skim milk DSPD Division of Social Policy and Development (UN-DESA) DWH Deutsche Welthungerhilfe (German hunger aid) DWM *Dried whole milk
E EAC East African Community EAFORD International Organization for the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination EBM Evidence-based medicine EBU/UER European Broadcasting Union/Union Européenne de Radiodiffusion EDM (WHO Department of) Essential Drugs and Medicines Policy EC European Commission ECA Economic Commission for Africa ECB European Central Bank ECDC European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECE Economic Commission for Europe ECFMG Educational Council for Foreign Medical Graduates (USA) ECHO* *European Community Humanitarian Office (EU) ECHUI Ending Child Hunger and Undernutrition Initiative
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ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (UN) ECLS Extracorporeal life support ECOSOC Economic and Social Council of the United Nations ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States ECP Essential clinical package ECPAT End Child Prostitution in Asian Tourism International ECWA Economic Commission for Western Asia ED/EM Essential drugs/essential medicines EFA Education for All EFNA Emergency Food Needs assessment EHA Emergency and Humanitarian Action (WHO) *eHealth Electronic health EHESS L’Ecôle de Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales EHRP Emergency Humanitarian Response Plan EIA Environmental impact assessment EMERCOM Emergency Committee (Russia) EMMIR Emergency military medical assistance (France) EMOP Emergency operation EMP *Electromagnetic pulse EMRIP UN Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples EMRO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (WHO) EMS *Emergency medical services ENEA (Italian Committee for) Nuclear Energy and Alternative Energies ENSO *El Ninô – Southern Oscillation (meteorology) EOC Emergency operations centre EOE Equal opportunity employer EPA Environmental Protection Agency (USA)
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EPGH European Partnership in Global Health EPHI Essential Public Health Interventions EPI *Expanded Programme on Immunization (WHO-UNICEF) EPRP Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan EPSCO Employment, Social Policy, and Health and Consumer Affairs Council EQA External quality assessment ERC Emergency Relief Coordinator – UN New York ER&FS Early Recovery and Food Security work plan ERM *Emergency Risk Management and Humanitarian Response (WHO) (previously HAC and ERO) ERNA Early Recovery Needs Assessment ERTS Earth Resources Technology Satellite ESA European Space Agency ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UN) ESPRIT European Strategic Programme for Research and Development in Information Technology ETA Expected time of arrival ETD Expected time of departure ETR Expected time of return EU European Union EURO/Euro Regional Office for Europe (WHO) The European currency unit Expat Expatriate person
F °F Degree Fahrenheit FAAD Food Aid and Development (WFP policies) F&D/f&d Commerce: Freight and demurrage
Part II
Acronyms and Abbreviations
FAO *Food and Agriculture Organization / UN f.a.q. Commerce/shipping: Free alongside quay FAR *Fund for Armenian Relief FAS Commerce/shipping: Free alongside ship FAWE Forum for African Women Educationalists FBF *Fortified blended food FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation (USA) Focal brain ischaemia FBO Faith-based organization FCM *Full cream milk powder FDA Food and Drug Administration (USA) FDC Fixed-dose combination FDI Foreign direct investment *Fédération Dentaire Internationale/ WDF FERI Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute FFH/CAFD Freedom From Hunger – Campaign Action For Development FFR Food for recovery FFW Food for work FGM *Female genital mutilation FHI Food for the Hungry International FHR Medicine: foetal heart rate FICSA Former International Civil Servants’ Association (UN) FIDH International Federation for Human Rights FIGO Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et Obstétrique FIND *Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics FMEA Failure mode and effects analysis (also HC-FMEA) FOB Commerce: free on board f.o.s. Commerce: free on ship f.o.t. Commerce: free of tax FPC Fish protein concentrate FPIC Free, prior and informed consent
Part II
Acronyms and Abbreviations
ft Foot or feet (measure) FXBI *Association François-Xavier Bagnoud/FXB International FYI/f.y.i. For your information
G g Gram or gramme G8 Group of eight leading rich industrial countries G20 *Group of 20 leading rich industrial countries G77 Group of 77 developing, nonaligned countries GAA German Agro Action GACD Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases GAIN *Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition GAINS Gender Awareness Information and Networking System gal Gallon GARP Global Atmosphere Research Programme GAVI *Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization GBD Global burden of disease GBV Gender-based violence GCCA Global Climate Change Alliance GCI *Green Cross International GCIM Global Commission on International Migration GCS *Glasgow Coma Scale GCSF Global *Civil Society Forum GDA Global Development Alliance (USAID) GDF Global Drug Facility (e.g. against tuberculosis) GDP/gdp Gross domestic product GenCap Gender Standby Capacity Project *GEO Group on Earth Observations GFAT *Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (also GF) GFHR *Global Forum for Health Research
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GFMER Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research GFR General fertility rate GH *Global health GHC/WHO *Global Health Cluster/ WHO GHD *Global health diplomacy *Good Humanitarian Donorship GHF Geneva Health Forum GHG (Global) *greenhouse gas GHP Global Health Partnership (WHO) GHWA Global Health Workforce Alliance GIAN Geneva International Academic Network GIEESC *Global Initiative for Emergency and Essential Surgical Care (WHO) GIIDS *Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies (Graduate Institute, Geneva) GINA Geneva International Network on Ageing GIPRI Geneva International Peace Research Institute GIS Geographic information systems GISAH Global Information System on Alcohol and Health GIVS Global Immunization Vision and Strategy GLI Global Laboratory Initiative Global Fund *Global Fund to Fight Aids, Tuberculosis and Malaria GLOBE Global Legislators Organization for a Balanced Environment GMAD Global Mine Action Directory GMDS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System GMEF Global Ministerial Environment Forum GMF Genetically modified food GMO Genetically modified organism GMP/WHO *Good manufacturing practices (WHO model) GMT Greenwich Mean Time GNI Gross national income
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GNP *Gross national product GO Governmental organization GOARN Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network *GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite / *GlobalObserving Environmental Satellite GOS Global Observing System GPEI Global Polio Eradication Initiative GPS Global Positioning System GPSC Global Patient Safety Challenge (WHO) GRID Global Resource Information Database GRIPP Global Review and Inventory of Population Policies GRT Gross register tonnage GSO Geostationary satellite orbit Gy *Gray (Unit of radioactive absorbed dose)
H H1N1 Swine influenza virus strain (*pandemic) H5N1 *Avian influenza virus strain (*epidemic) H2O *Water HAV *Hepatitis A virus HABITAT United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (UNCHS) HAC Health Action in Crises (WHO) (changed to *ERM) HACCP Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point system HALE Health-adjusted life expectancy (see *QALY) HBC(s) High-burden countries HBV *Hepatitis B virus HC-FMEA Health care – failure modes and effects analysis HCHR *High Commissioner for Human Rights (also OHCHR, UNHCHR)
Part II
Acronyms and Abbreviations
HCR *High Commissioner for Refugees (also UNHCR) HDI Human development index HDR Humanitarian daily *ration HDS Department of Health Policy, Development and Services (WHO) HDTC Humanitarian Demining Training Center HE High energy (food) HELP Health Emergencies in Large Populations HEM High-energy milk (feeding mixture) HFA Hyogo Framework for Action HHS Health and Human Services Department (USA) HIC *High-income country HIID Harvard Institute for International Development HILAC Heavy-ion linear accelerator HIPC Heavily indebted poor countries HiT Health care systems in transition HIV *Human immunodeficiency virus HIV/AIDS *Human immunodeficiency disease (also AIDS) HLF High-Level Forum (on health MDGs) HPC Hiroshima* Peacebuilders Center (Japan) HRC Human Rights Council HRI *Humanitarian Response Index HRIC UN Office of Human Resources for International Cooperation (DESA) H R P U N D P / U N F PA / W H O / W B Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction HRT Hormone replacement therapy HRW Human Rights Watch HSP Health sector profile HSR Health sector reform HTA Health technology assessment HUGO Human Genome Organization HuMA *Humanitarian Medical Assistance (Japan)
Part II
Acronyms and Abbreviations
HUMV/Humvee Human military light vehicle HW Hazardous *waste I IAEA *International Atomic Energy Agency (UN) IAESCSI International Association of Economic and Social Councils and Similar Institutions (AICESIS) IAF International Abolitionist Federation IAGS International Association of *Genocide Scholars IAHM *International Association for Humanitarian Medicine Brock Chisholm IALANA International Association of Lawyers Against Nuclear Arms IAMANEH *International Association for Maternal and Neonatal Health IAMDGT/AIFOMD International Association of MDG Trainers/ Association Internationale de Formateurs pour les Objectifs du Millénaire du Développement – AIFOMD IANSA International Action Network on Small Arms IAPSO International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans IAR International Association for Religious Freedom IARF Inter-Agency Procurement Services Office (UNDP) IAS International Amateur Radio Union International AIDS Society IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee for Humanitarian Action IATA International Air Transport Association IAVCEI International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior IAW International Alliance of Women IBE International Bureau of Education
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IBHR *International Bill of Human Rights IBRD *International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (also *World Bank) ICAA International Council on Alcohol and Addictions ICAN International Campaign to Abolish *Nuclear Weapons ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization (UN) ICARRD International Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development ICBL International Campaign to Ban *Landmines ICBM Intercontinental ballistic *missile ICC *International Criminal Court (for war crimes – The Hague) ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ICD-10 International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (WHO) International Statistical Classification of Diseases (WHO) ICDO *International Civil Defence Organisation ICECI International Classification of External Causes of Injury (WHO) ICESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ICHRN International Centre for Human Resources in Nursing ICIDH International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (WHO) ICJ *International Court of Justice International Commission of Jurists ICM Intergovernmental Committee for *Migration ICMH *International Centre for Migration and Health ICMC International Catholic Migration Commission
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ICN International Council of Nurses ICPD International Conference on Population and Development ICPO “Interpol” – International Criminal Police Organization ICR International Centre of Radiopathology ICRC *International Committee of the Red Cross ICR-DC International Cooperation Research for Developing Countries ICRP International Commission on Radiological Protection / *IAEA ICRU International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements ICS *Incident Command System ICSLS International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea ICSM *Instant corn-soya milk ICSR International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Political Violence ICSU International Council of Scientific Unions ICT Information and communications technology ICTAC International Institute for Counter-Terrorism International Counter-Terrorism Academic Community ICTR *International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda ICTY International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia ICU *Intensive care unit ICVA International Council of Voluntary Agencies ID Identity document International dollar (also I$) IDA *International Development Association (World Bank Group) Islamic Democratic Association IDB Inter-American Development Bank
Part II
Acronyms and Abbreviations
IDDM Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus IDP *Internally displaced person IDRC International Development Research Centre (Canada) IDRM International Institute for Disaster Risk Management IDRO International Disaster Relief Operation IDTR&M Identification, documentation, tracing, reunification and mediation IDWIP International Decade of the World’s Indigenous Peoples IEA International Energy Agency IEC International Electrotechnical Commission IEDD Improvised explosive device disposal IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development (UN) IFCT International Forum for CounterTerrorism IFF Identification – friend or foe (radar identity system) IFFIm International Finance Facility for Immunisation IFHHRO International Federation of Health and Human Rights Organisations IFMSA *International Federation of Medical Students’ Associations IFPMA International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations IFRC *International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IFSC *International Federation of Surgical Colleges IFUW International Federation of University Women IGCC Intergovernmental Group on *Climate Change IGO Intergovernmental organization
Part II
Acronyms and Abbreviations
IHEID Institut de Hautes Etudes Internationales et du Développement / The *Graduate Institute, Geneva IHEU International Humanist and Ethical Union IHF International Hospital Federation IHL *International humanitarian law IHR *International Health Regulations (2005) IIHL International Institute of Humanitarian Law IISEE International Institute of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering IIWF International Independent Women’s Forum ILA International Law Association ILC International Law Commission ILO *International Labour Organization (UN) ILOS In-patient length of stay (in hospital) IMARSAT International Maritime Satellite Organization (also INMARSAT) IMC International Medical Corps IMCO International Maritime Consultative Organization (UN) IMF *International Monetary Fund IMO International Maritime Organization IMPACT *International Medical Products Anti-Counterfeiting Taskforce IMPATT Impact avalanche transit time IMRA Independent Media Review and Analysis IMSAR International Maritime Search and Rescue Plan in Inch INADES Institut Africain pour le Développement Economique et Social INCB International Narcotics Control Board
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INES *International Nuclear Event Scale INF Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces INFDC International Nutrition Foundation for Developing Countries INFOTERRA Sources of technical, scientific and decision-oriented information INMARSAT International Maritime Satellite Organization (also IMARSAT) INPEA International Network for Prevention of Elder Abuse INRUD International Network for the Rational Use of Drugs INSARAG International Search and Rescue Advisory Group INSTRAW International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (UN) INTELSAT International Telecommunications Satellite Consortium Interpol International Criminal Police Organization (ICPO) INTERSPUTNIK International Organization of Space Communications IOM *International Organization for Migration IPA International Paediatric Association IPB International Peace Bureau (Geneva) IPC International Polar Commission IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on *Climate Change IPCS *International Programme on Chemical Safety (WHO-UNEP) IPEC International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour IPI International Press Institute IPO Indigenous peoples’ organization IPPF International Planned Parenthood Federation IPPNW *International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War IPRAS International Confederation for Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery
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IPT Isoniazid preventive therapy IPU Inter-Parliamentary Union IPV Inactivated polio vaccine IRC International Rescue Committee IRENE Informal Regional Network of NGOs IRP *International Recovery Platform IRPTC International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals IRR Incidence rate ratio IRS Indoor residual spraying ISBI International Society for Burn Injuries ISDR *International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN) ISIS International Satellite for Ionospheric Studies ISO International Organization for Standardization ISS International Social Service / SSI ISTC International Standards for Tuberculosis Care ITACCS International Trauma Anaesthesia Critical Care Society ITIC International Tsunami Information Center (Honolulu) ITN Insecticide-treated mosquito net ITU *International Telecommunication Union (UN) Intensive therapy unit (also ICU) IUD Intra-uterine device (for contraception) IV (i.v.) Medicine: Intravenous IWGIA International Working Group for Indigenous Affairs IWTC International Women’s Tribune Centre
J J joule JCWI Joint Council for the Welfare of Immigrants
Part II
Acronyms and Abbreviations
JDR Japan Disaster Relief JFAM Joint Food Needs Assessment Mission (WFP/UNHCR) JICA *Japan International Cooperation Agency JMTDR *Japan Medical Team for Disaster Relief
K kcal *Kilocalorie (energy unit) KCSJ Knight Commander of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem (also KSJ, Knights Hospitaller) *Kerma Kinetic energy released in matter KFOR Multinational Kosovo Force Kg Kilogram (or kilogramme) KKK Ku Klux Klan (US) Km *Kilometre or kilometer (also km) Kt *Kiloton kw *Kilowatt
L LA Lead Agency LANDSAT Earth Resources Technology Satellite *Laser Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation LAV Light armoured vehicle lb *Pound LCT Landing craft tank LDC *Least-developed countries LD-50 Median lethal dose LDF Local development fund LHRD Lawyers for Human Rights and Development LIFDC Low-income, food-deficit country LLITN Long-lasting insecticide-treated net (against malaria). Also LLIN LMIC Lowand middle-income countries
Part II
Acronyms and Abbreviations
LPG Liquified petroleum gas LSHTM London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine LTSH Land-side transport, storage and handling LWR Lutheran World Relief LWS Lutheran World Service
M m *Metre or meter MAD Military: Mutual assured destruction M&E Monitoring and evaluation MAIC Mine Action Information Center (see ICBL) MAROTS Maritime orbital test satellite MARS Major accident reporting system MASCAL *Mass casualty MASH Mobile army surgical hospital MBC *Mediterranean Council for Burns and Fire Disasters / *Euro-Mediterranean Council for Burns and Fire Disasters MCDA Military and civil defence assets MCH Mother and child health MCI *Mass casualty incident MCO Managed care organization MDG(s) UN Millennium Development Goal(s) *Millennium Development Goal(s) MDM Médecins du Monde / Doctors of the World MDTF Multi-donor trust fund MDR Multidrug resistant disease (see also XDR) Multidrug resistant MDR-TB Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (with isoniazid and rifampicin resistance) MDS Maritime Distress and Safety System MEDICS Medical Information and Coordination System
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MEDINT Medical intelligence MEDLARS Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System MEDLINE Medical Literature Online (NLM) MERLIN Medical Emergency Relief International METEOSAT Meteorological Satellite, Europe METTAG Medical emergency triage tag Medical Emergency *Triage Tag MFI *Microfinance institution *Mg Milligramme or milligram (also mg) MHI *Major hazard installation MI5 British counter-intelligence agency MI6 British intelligence and espionage agency MIC Methyl isocyanate (*Bhopal disaster of 1984) MIDAS Missile Defense Alarm System MIM Multilateral Initiative on Malaria (in Africa) MINURCAT UN Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad MINUSTAH UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti MIRV Multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicle MISP Minimum initial service package MMEIG Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-agency Group MMR Measles-mumps-rubella (vaccine) Maternal mortality rate/ratio MMI *Medicus Mundi International MMV Medicines for Malaria Venture MNT Maternal and neonatal tetanus MONUC Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (UN) MOF *Multiple organ failure MOH Ministry of Health MOTAPM Explosive remnants of war and mines other than anti-personnel landmines MoU Memorandum of understanding
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MRI Magnetic resonance imaging (body scan) MRSA Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MSAC *Most seriously affected countries MSF *Médecins sans Frontières / Doctors Without Borders MSH Management sciences for health MSW Medical social worker Mt *Megaton MT Metric tonne MTA *Medicines Transparency Alliance MTE Mass toxicological event MTF Medical treatment facility MUAC Medicine: Mid-upper-arm circumference MW Megawatt
N NAICC National Aborigine and Islander Child Care (Australia) *Napalm Aluminium naphthenate – aluminium palmitite (weapon) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration (USA) NATO *North Atlantic Treaty Organization Nazi (German): Nazional-sozialisten NC Nuremberg Charter NCBW Nuclear, chemical and biological warfare (or weapon) NCD Noncommunicable disease NCHS National Centre for Health Statistics NDP National drug policy NFI Non-food item NFZ Nuclear-free zone NGLS *United Nations NonGovernmental Liaison Service NGO *Non-governmental organization NGS Nuclear generating station NHDP National Health Development Plan
Part II
Acronyms and Abbreviations
NHS National Health Service NIH Nationl Institutes of Health NIS Newly Independent State(s) NNHT Nuffield Nursing Homes Trust (UK) NNT Nuclear Non-prolferation Treaty (also NPT) NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NORAD Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation North American Air Defense Command NPA Norwegian Peoples’ Aid NPC National Programme Coordinator (WHO) *NPT Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission (US) NRDS Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome NRO National Reconnaissance Office (USA) *NRT Net registered tonnage NTD *Neglected tropical disease(s) NTP National tuberculosis control programme (or equivalent) NWC National WHO Programme Coordinator NWFZ Nuclear-weapons-free zone NYD Medicine: Not yet diagnosed
O OAS Organization of American States OAU Organization of African Unity. (Changed to AU: African Union) OCHA *Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN) ODA Official development assistance Overseas Development Agency ODCCP Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention / UN
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Acronyms and Abbreviations
ODI Overseas Development Institute (UK) OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OFDA *Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (USA) OHA Office for Humanitarian Affairs (WFP) *OHCHR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights ( also HCHR, UNHCHR) OHRLLS Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States OIE Office International des Epizooties (WOAH) OMAEP World Organization for Parental Education Associations / OrganisationmondialedesAssociations pour l’Education parentale OMCT Organisation mondiale contre la Torture / World Organization Against Torture / SOS Torture *OPCAT *Optional Protocol to the UN Convention Against Torture OPCW Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries OPV Oral polio vaccine OR Surgical: Operating room ORS *Oral rehydration salts ORSEC Disaster relief organization, France OSCAL Office of the Special Coordinator for Africa and the Least Developed Countries/DESA OSCAR Orbital Satellites Carrying Amateur Radio OSCC On-site operations coordinating centre OSCE Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
OSRO Office of Special Relief Operations OST Office of Science and Technology (USA) *Outer Space Treaty OVC Orphans and vulnerable children OWRA Office of Weapons Removal and Abatement (USA) OXFAM* *Oxford Committee for Famine Relief International
P Pa *Pascal PADCO Planning and Development Collaborative International PAHO Pan American Health Organization *(WHO) PAM Programme Alimentaire Mondial – *World Food Programme (UN) Pap Medicine: vernacular abbreviation for Papanicolaou cervical test PAR Population at risk PASB Pan American Sanitary Bureau (PAHO) PATH Programme for *Appropriate Technology in Health PC Peace Corps PCI Project Concern International PCM *Protein-calorie malnutrition PCNA Post-conflict needs assessment PEC/WHO *Polio, Emergencies and Country Collaboration/WHO PEM Protein-energy malnutrition PEPFAR (USA) President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief PERT Programme evaluation and review technique PET Potential evapotranspiration Positron emission tomography P4P Policy for planning PFII Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues PHC *Primary health care PHM *Prehospital medicine *People’s Health Movement
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PHR Physicians for Human Rights PID Pelvic inflammatory disease PIK Payment in kind PIU Policy intelligence unit PLS Prolonged life support (anaesthesia) PMDF Proportion of maternal deaths among females of reproductive age PMSC *Private military and security company PNND Parliamentarians for Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament PNP Private non-profit p.o. Medicine: per os – by mouth POMR Problem-oriented medical record POP Fractures/orthopaedics: Plaster of Paris POW *Prisoner of war or prisoner-ofwar PPE Personal protective equipment PPH Post-partum haemorrhage *Pro-poor health strategy PPM Public-private mix PPP Purchasing power parity PQMD Partnership for Quality Medical Donations PRD/S Post-resuscitation disease/ syndrome *PRISM *Prognostic risk of mortality PROGRESA Programa de Educaciòn, Salud y Alimentaciòn PRRO Protracted Relief and Recovery Operation (WFP) PRS *Poverty reduction strategy PSI *Population Services International PSR Physicians for Social Responsibility PTA Travel: prepaid ticket authorization Parent-Teacher Association PTSS Programme and Technical Support Section (UNHCR) *Post-traumatic stress syndrome PTWC Pacific *Tsunami Warning Center (Honolulu)
Part II
Acronyms and Abbreviations
PUO Pyrexia (fever) of unknown origin PVO(s) Private and voluntary organization(s)
Q QAP Quick action project Quake Vernacular abbreviation for earthquake Quakers Friends World Committee for Consultation (Quakers) QALE *Quality-adjusted life expectancy QALY(s) *Quality-adjusted life year(s)
R RA *Radium RACES Radio Amateur Civil Engineering Service *rad Radiation absorbed dose (replaced by gray – Gy) *Radar Radio detection and ranging RAMOS Reproductive age mortality studies RAP *Rapid Assessment Protocol R&D Research and development RBC/rbc Medicine: red blood cells RBM Roll Back *Malaria Partnership (WHO) RC *Red Cross RCPSC *Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada RCRC *Red Cross and Red Crescent (ICRC) RCT Randomized controlled trial RDF Rapid Deployment Force (USA) READI Euro-Arab Network of NGOs for Development and Integration REC Regional Economic Community Radda Barnen Swedish Save the Children Organization Redd Barna Norwegian Save the Children Organization
Part II
Acronyms and Abbreviations
*rem Roentgen equivalent man REMPAN Radiation Emergency Medical Preparedness and Assistance Network Res Rep Resident Representative (of UNDP) R2P Right to *protection Rh Medicine: Rhesus factor RH Reproductive health RHIB Rigid-hulled inflatable boat RI *Refugees International Ro-ro Roll on/roll off (ferry) RT Register ton RUTF Ready-to-use therapeutic food
S s Second S&T Science and technology / scientific and technological SAA Small arms ammunition SAAFA Special Arab Assistance Fund for Africa SAARC Southern African Association for Regional Cooperation SAB Skilled attendant at birth (as a proportion of total live births) SADC Southern African Development Community SAFE Surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness and environmental improvement SAGE Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (on immunization),(WHO) SAILD Service d’Appui aux Initiatives Locales de Développement SALT *Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty SAM Severe acute malnutrition Surface-to-air *missile SAMU French EMS: Service d’Assistance Médicale d’Urgence SAR *Search and rescue SARAH Search and rescue and homing (radar system)
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SAREC Swedish Agency for Research Cooperation with Developing Countries SARS *Severe acute respiratory syndrome SARSAT-COPAS Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking SATURN Specific Antibiotic Therapies on the prevalence of human hostresistant bacteria SBA Standby arrangement(s) SCF(I) Save the Children Fund (International) SCHR Steering Committee for Humanitarian Response Scuba Self-contained underwater breathing apparatus SDC *Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDE Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments Cluster (WHO) SDI *Strategic Defense Initiative (“Star Wars”) SDR Swiss Association for Aid to Developing Countries (SWISSAID) SEA Sexual exploitation and abuse SEARO Regional Office for SouthEast Asia (WHO) SEATO South East Asia Treaty Organization SEEHN South-Eastern Europe Health Network SERPAJ Servicio Paz y Justicia (Uruguay) SFB *Soya-fortified bulgur SFCM *Soya-fortified cornmeal SFP/C *Supplementary feeding programme / centre SFSG *Soya-fortified sorghum grits SGBV Sexual and gender-based violence SHAPE Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (NATO)
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SHARED Scientists for Health and Research for Development SI Système International d’Unités (International System of Units) SIAMED WHO model system for computer-assisted drug registration SID *Society for International Development SIDA Swedish International Development Authority SIPRI Stockholm International Peace Research Institute SITREP Situation report SIW Self-inflicted wound SKI Street Kids International (Canada) SLBM Submarine-launched ballistic missile SLCM Submarine-launched cruise missile *SMS/GOES Synchronous Meteorological Satellites / *Global-observing environmental satellites SOLAS International Conference for the *Safety of Life at Sea SONAR Sound navigation and ranging SORT Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty SOS Save our souls (distress signal) *Surgeons OverSeas SOST SOS *Torture Soweto South-Western Townships (South Africa) SP *The Sphere Project Samaritan’s Purse SPFS Special Programme for Food Security SRAM Short-range attack missile SRS Strategic rotating stockpile SSSL Safe Surgery Saves Lives (WHO programme) *START *Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty Simple treatment and rapid transport system STD *Sexually transmitted disease(s)
Part II
Acronyms and Abbreviations
SUMA Supply management for disaster relief (PAHO-WHO) Sv *Sievert – unit of radiation dose SWAps *Sector-wide approaches SWAPO South West Africa People’s Organization SWEAT *Severe weather threat (WMO) SWISSAID *Swiss association for aid to developing countries (SDC)
T TA Transnational Authority TAB Total absorbed dose (of radiation) TAG Technical Advisory Group TAT Toxin antitoxin TB/Tb *Tuberculosis TB/DOTS Directly observed treatment short course for tuberculosis TBA *Traditional birth attendant TBSA Total *body surface area (in burn injury) TCAM *Traditional, complementary and alternative medicine TCDC *Technical cooperation among developing countries TdH Fédération Internationale Terre des Hommes TDR Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (UNDP/WHO/World Bank) TEKT *Technology enabled knowledge translation Telex Teleprinter exchange TF(s) Trust fund(s) TFP/C *Therapeutic feeding programme/centre TFR Total fertility rate TI *Transparency International TIR Transport International Routier/ International Road Transport TISS Tata Institute of Social Sciences (India) TMI *Three Mile Island (nuclear accident, USA)
Part II
Acronyms and Abbreviations
TNM Tumour (size), node (involvement), metastasis (in cancer classification) *TNT *2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (chemical explosive) TOKTEN Transfer of knowledge through expatriate nationals TRC *Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa TRISS *Trauma and injury severity score TS *Trauma score (AMA) Tidal scale TSK Transitional shelter kit
U U *Uranium U3A University of the Third Age UAM *Unaccompanied minor UCI Universal child immunization UER/EBU Union Européenne de Radiodiffusion / European Broadcasting Union UFO Unidentified flying object UHS Uncontrolled haemorrhagic shock UHT Ultra-high heat treated (e.g. milk) UMCOR United Methodist Committee on Relief *UN *United Nations, United Nations Organization UNA(s) United Nations Association(s) UNAIDS United Nations Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS UNCAC United Nations Convention Against *Corruption UNCAST United Nations Conference on the Applications of Science and Technology UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat *Desertification UNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and Development UNCHR *United Nations Council on Human Rights (previously Commission)
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UNCHS *United Nations Centre for Human Settlements – HABITAT UNCIVPOL *United Nations Civil Police UNCLOS United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea UNCT United Nations Country Team UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNCSTD United Nations Conference on Science and Technology for Development UNDAF United Nations Development Assistance Framework UNDEF *United Nations Democracy Fund UNDHR *Universal Declaration of Human Rights UNDP *United Nations Development Programme UNDPKO *United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations UNDRO Office of the UN Disaster Relief Coordinator (superseded by *OCHA) UNEP *United Nations Environment Programme UNERC *United Nations Emergency Relief Coordinator UNESCAP *UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (also ESCAP) *UNESCO *United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNFCCC *United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFICYP United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus UNFPA *United Nations Fund for Population Activities/UN Population Fund UN-HABITAT *United Nations Centre for Human Settlements
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UNHCHR *United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (also OHCHR) UNHCR *United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNHMH United Nations Humanitarian Mission in Haiti UNHRD United Nations Humanitarian Response Depot (Brindisi) UNIC(s) United Nations Information Centre(s) UNICEF *United Nations Children’s Fund UNICRI United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute UNIDIR *United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization UNIFEM United Nations Development Fund for Women UNIFIL United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon UNIMAS United Nations *Mine Action Service UNIPAC *UNICEF Procurement and Assembly Centre (Copenhagen *stockpile) UNIRENE United Nations Informal Regional Network of NGOs UNISDR *UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (OCHA) UNITAID *UN International facility for purchase of diagnostics and drugs for tuberculosis, AIDS and malaria UNITAR United Nations Institute for Training and Research UNMIK United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo UNODC *United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime UNOG *United Nations Office at Geneva
Part II
Acronyms and Abbreviations
UNON *United Nations Office at Nairobi UNOOSA United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs UNOV *United Nations Office at Vienna UNPFII United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues UNPROFOR United Nations Protection Force UNRCA United Nations Registry of Conventional Arms UNRISD United Nations Research Institute for Social Development UNRWA *United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East UNSCEAR *United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation UNSCP United Nations Special Committee on Palestine UNSECOORD UN Security Coordinator (New York) UNSO *United Nations SudanoSahelian Office UN-SPIDER United Nations Platform for Space-Based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response UNU *United Nations University UNV United Nations Volunteers UNVFVT UN Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture UNW United Nations Women UNWGIP UN Working Group on Indigenous Populations UP United Press UPI United Press International URI/URTI Upper respiratory (tract) infection USAID United States Agency for International Development (also AID) UTC *Universal Time Consolidated
Part II
Acronyms and Abbreviations
UXO/UXB Unexploded ordnance/ unexploded bomb UXOCE UXO Center of Excellence
V VD *Venereal disease(s) VDRL Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (for syphilis test) VECTOR State Research Centre of Virology and Biotechnology (Russia, variola) VHF Very high frequency (radio) VITA Volunteers in Technical Assistance Inc. VLBW Very low birth weight VNGOC Vienna NGO Committee on Narcotic Drugs VOICE Voluntary Organisations in Cooperation for Emergencies VOLAG *Voluntary agency VR Vital registration
W W *Watt WADEM *World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine WAPS World Alliance for *Patient Safety (WHO) WASH *Water, sanitation and hygiene WBC White blood cells WCC *World Council of Churches WCED *World Commission on Environment and Development WCRWC Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children WEFAX Weather facsimile communications system WES Water and environmental sanitation WFC World Food Council WFH Weight for height (nutrition survey)
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WFNS World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies WFP *World Food Programme (UN) WFSOS World Federation of Surgical Oncology Societies WFSW World Federation of Scientific Workers WHA *World Health Assembly (of WHO) WHO *World Health Organization WHODAS WHO Disability Assessment Schedule *WHOPAX WHO Committee on the role of physicians in the preservation and promotion of peace WIA Wounded in action WIDER *World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU) WILPF Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom WINGS WFP Information Network and Global System WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization (UN) WJC World Jewish Congress WLM Women’s Liberation Movement WMA *World Medical Association WMD(s) *Weapon(s) of mass destruction WMO *World Meteorological Organization (UN) WOAH World Association for Animal Health (OIE) WOAT World Organisation Against *Torture (SOS Torture) WOFAPS World Federation of Associations of Paediatric Surgeons WOH *World Open Hospital (*IAHM) WOSM World Organization of the *Scout Movement (boy scouts/girl guides) WPA World Psychiatric Association WPC WHO Programme Coordinator WPRO Regional Office for the Western Pacific (WHO)
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WR *WHO representative WRO (w.r.o.) (Commerce/insurance) war risks only WSB *Wheat-soya blend WSM *Wheat-soya milk WSSD World Summit on *Sustainable Development WTO World Trade Organization WUS World University Service WV *World Vision International WWF *World Wide Fund for Nature International (formerly World Wildlife Fund) WWSSN World-Wide Standard Seismography Network WWW *World Weather Watch (WMO) www World Wide Web
X XDR Extensively drug-resistant disease
Part II
Acronyms and Abbreviations
XDR-TB Tuberculosis caused by MDR strains also resistant to fluoroquinolone
Y Y Young Men’s/Women’s Christian Association (formerly YMCA, YWCA) YLDs Year(s) lost due to disability YOB Year of birth YPLL Year(s) of potential life lost
Z ZEG Zero economic growth ZMK Zentrum für Meeres- und Klimaforschung / Centre for Ocean and Climate Research, Germany ZPG Zero population growth ZT Zulu Time (see *Greenwich Mean Time) ZZ *Zone zero
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