Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized

BOZAT INC.

PARTNERSHIP OF ÖZALTIN İNŞAAT TİCARET VE SANAYİ A.Ş. (ÖZALTIN CONSTRUCTION TRADE AND INDUSTRY INC. CO.) AND NUROL İNŞAAT VE TİCARET A.Ş. (NUROL CONSTRUCTION AND TRADE INC. CO.) Arjantin Cad. No:9 G.O.P./ANKARA Buğday Sokak No:9 Kavaklıdere/ANKARA Tel: (312) 466 40 20/ (312) 455 18 80 Fax: (312) 427 06 04/(312) 455 18 85 E2065 v39 PROJECT SITE Province of Osmaniye, Duzici District, Karagedik Village

OSKAN HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) PRELIMINARY SURVEY REPORT – PROJECT INFORMATION FILE

PREPARER OF THE REPORT

Bozat İnş. ve Tic. A.Ş. (Bozat Construction and Trade Inc. Co.) Mahatma Gandi Cad. No:92/3 G.O.P. /ANKARA Tel : (312) 447 26 22 Fax : (312) 446 38 10

August-2003

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* The Project Owner: Name

: PARTNERSHIP OF ÖZALTIN İNŞAAT TİCARET VE SANAYİ A.Ş NUROL İNŞAAT VE TİCARET A.Ş.

Address

: Arjantin Cad. No:9 G.O.P. /ANKARA Buğday Sokak No: 9 Kavaklıdere/ANKARA

Telephone

: (312) 4664020 : (312) 4551880

Fax No

: (312) 4270604 (312) 4551885

* Project Name

: BERKMAN Hydroelectric Power Plant

* Name of the Place Selected for the Project

:

Province

: Osmaniye

District

: Duzici

Town/Village

: Karagedik Village

Location

: ---

Sheet No

: ---

Block No

: ---

Parcel No

: ---

Precipitation Area: 14.842 km2 * The Organization Drafting the Report; Name

: Bozat İnş. ve Tic. A.Ş.

Address

: Mahatma Gandi Cad. No:92/3 06680 G.O.P. /ANKARA

Telephone

: (312) 4472622

Fax no

: (312) 4463810

* Draft Date of the Report

: August 2003

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CONTENTS*

PAGE NO

DEFINITION AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

1

1. NON-TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY

2

2. PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS

3

a) Capacity of and the Project and the Area Covered by the Project etc.

3

b) Interaction with the Other Facilities around it

5

c) Use of Natural Resources

6

d) Waste Generation

6

e) Its impacts on Pollution and Environment

22

f) Accident Risks due to the Technology and Materials to be Utilized

23

3. LOCATION OF THE PROJECT

28

a) Current Use of Lands

32

b) Geological and Hydrogeological Characteristics and Natural Disaster Status

33

c) Status, Quality and Renewability of the Natural Resources in the Region

41

d) Considering the List of Sensitive Regions in Appendix-V the assessment of the natural environment (wetland areas, coastal areas, mountainsides and forest lands, agricultural areas, national parks, specially protected areas, densely populated areas, areas of historical, cultural, archaeological etc. importance)

48

4. PROPERTIES OF THE POSSIBLE IMPACTS ON THE CURRENT ENVIRONMENT 49 a) Scope of the Impact Area (geographical area and population affected)

49

b) Quality and Property, Duration, Frequency and Renewability of the Impact

50

5. ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROJECT AND SITE

52

6. CONCLUSIONS

53

*: The original Report (in Turkish) was approved by Turkish authorities. Only sections relevant to environmental impacts and monitoring has been translated to English for Infoshop disclosure

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DEFINITION AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

Oskan Regulator and Hydroelectric Power Plant is located 14 km to the northwest of Osmaniye Province, within the borders of Duzici District and on the Ceyhan River. The approximate head is 21 m between the upstream Aslantaş Dam and HEPP and downstream Cevdetiye Irrigation Regulator. This head is planned to be utilized through upstream Oşkan HEPP and Berkman HEPP.

With an installed power of 3x10 MW, Oskan HEPP will generate 109,93 Gwh/year in total, 49,09 Gwh/year of which is reliable.

Turkey is a rich country in terms of hydroelectric energy sources. However, only 11% of annual capacity estimated to be 108,5×109 can be used. This is nearly the half of our total annual energy consumption while the rest of it is provided from thermal sources and abroad.

Berkman HEPP and upstream Oşkan HEPP planned together are two plants which will be established in order to make use of the 21-meter head between Cevdetiye Regulator and Aslantaş Dam on Ceyhan River. Total annual energy generation of the two regulators, each of which have 10,5 m heads, is 219,86 Gwh. This generation occupies an important place within Ceyhan Basin.

Inasmuch as the state sector has to undertake investments of large dams, the authority to establish and operate the facilities bearing the quality of this type of “River type Power Plants” which do not require investment was granted to the private sector on 19/12/1984 with Law No. 3096. Oskan HEPP feasibility works desired to be conducted by benefiting from this law are carried out by TEMELSU Muhendislik Limited Şirketi (TEMELSU Engineering Limited Company).

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1. NON-TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY The construction of Oskan Regulator and Hydroelectric Power Plant on Ceyhan River in the Duzici District of the Province of Osmaniye is planned by the “PARTNERSHIP OF ÖZALTIN İNŞAAT TİCARET VE SANAYİ A.Ş-NUROL İNŞAAT VE TİCARET A.Ş.” The closest settlement unit to the project area is Karagedik Village, which is approximately 1,5 km away. Oskan HEPP is a plant which will be established in order to make use of the 21-meter head between Cevdetiye Regulator and Aslantaş Dam. Construction stage of the project is expected to be completed in 3 years. Area of the facility to be established remains outside the borders of adjacent area. While 100 persons will be employed at the construction stage of the Hydroelectric Power Plant, 5 persons will be employed at the operation stage. Within the scope of the project, general needs such as food, shower, WC etc. of the employees at construction stage will be provided from the prefabricated site building to be set up and the same needs will be met at the power house building at the operation stage. Economic life of the facility is reckoned to be 30 years depending on the changing and advancing technology. With the hydroelectric power plant constructed through this project, energy requirement of the Region that cannot be met will be satisfied to a large extent. With the advancing industrialization, the need for energy, which is already scarce, increases. For this reason, energy requirement of the industrialists and the whole region will be largely met thanks to the HEPP to be constructed.

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2. PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS a) Capacity of the Project and the Area Covered by the Project etc. Oskan Regulator Project area is approximately 14 km to the northwest of Osmaniye Province, upstream of Cevdetiye Dam and around Karagedik Villages. Coordinates of location of Berkman Regulator are 37° 24' north latitude and 36° 57' east longitude. In terms of topographical appearance, the land looks like Çukurova in regions between the sea and slopes that face onto the sea and like typical Central Anatolia in upper parts. Total basin area is 14.775km2. With an installed power of 3×10 MW, Oskan HEPP will generate 109,93 Gwh/year in total, 49,09 Gwh/year of which is reliable. Properties of Oskan Hydroelectric Power Plant are given in Table-2.a.1.

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Table-2.a.1 PROPERTIES OF BERKMAN HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT Drainage area

:14.775km2

Reservoir water level

:83,00m

Tailwater level

:72,50m

Connecting dike type

Earthfill

Crest length

:150,00m

Crest elevation

:85,50

Elevation from riverbed

:15,50m

Backfill quantity

:90.710m3

Backfill volume of cofferdams

:14.225 m3

Crest elevation of upstream cofferdam

:78,00

Crest elevation of downstream cofferdam

:76,00

Spillway type

:Radial gate

Threshold elevation

:73,50

Number of spans

:5

Span dimensions

:12,00mx10,50m

Spillway structure project flowrate

:3.200m3/sn

Gross head

:10,5m

Installed power

:30MW

Number of units

:3

Unit power

:10MW

Unit type

:Pipe

Annual reliable generation

:49,09GWh

Annual secondary generation

:60,84GWh

Annual total generation

:109,83GWh

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b) Interaction with the Other Facilities around It Osmaniye Province and its vicinity have high development potential in agriculture, industry, trade and tourism. Development of these sectors gives rise to new energy and water requirements. Ceyhan River emerges as one of the closest sources to consumption centres. The most significant facilities among the ones that have been put into operation on Ceyhan River is Aslantaş Dam and HEPP. This facility carries the purpose of irrigation, flood protection and energy and has an installed power of 3x46MW. Its elevation from the base is 95m, elevation from riverbed is 78m and it is an earth fill-type dam. Kartalkaya Dam planned for irrigation is on the Aksu branch of Ceyhan River, is in operation also. This earth-fill type Dam has an elevation of 57 m from the base while it is 56 m from the riverbed. Menzelet Dam, which is in operation, has an elevation of 150,50 m. from the base and it is 130,50 m from riverbed and it is rock fill type. Power plant of Menzelet Dam planned for irrigation and energy purposes, has an installed power of 4x30MW. Downstream of Menzelet Dam is Sır Dam and has an elevation of 116 m from the base and it is in concrete arch type. Sır HEPP has an installed power of 3X46MW. Düzkesme Dam and Berke Power Plant Projects, which are downstream of Sır Dam, is completed. Elevation of the concrete arch-type dam from the base is 83m. Berke Power Plant has an installed power of 3x56MW. Among the above-mentioned facilities, Aslantaş Dam is the most downstream one. Approximately 23km downstream this dam is Cevdetiye Irrigation Regulator. There is a head of around 21 m between Aslantaş and Cevdetiye Regulator. Berkman HEPP and Oşkan HEPP, which is a similar work, were planned to make use of this head. Both of the power plants were planned to have a power of 3x10MW.

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Inflow in Berkman Power Plant is formed by the outflow of Okşan HEPP, which is upstream of it. However, like Berkman HEPP, Okşan HEPP is a facility with no storage. For this reason, inflows are formed by outflows of Aslantaş Dam for both of the facilities. The project has no interactions with other facilities than the above-mentioned ones.

c) Use of Natural Resources Construction of Regulator and the Hydroelectric Power Plant on Ceyhan River is planned with the project. Water will be used as natural resource during the activity. The projected HEPP will be operated as run-of-river plant. In general terms, the flow coming into the reservoir on any day will go out of the reservoir in a short time in practice. When the overflow currents reach the maximum level, the excess current will pass through the spillway and released to the natural riverbed. In the case that the project is operated in this way like a run-of-river plant, there will be no adequate time for significant changes (Physical, chemical etc.) in water quality. The water is not expected to have a negative impact on surface water resources as the projected HEPP Facility is run-of-river type plant and water is released back to the river directly at once without delay. d) Waste Generation i) Liquid Wastes

A. Construction Stage

The following will occur at construction stage of the project:

1. Concrete production, 2. Preventing dust formation, 3. Water consumption in order to meet drinking and utility water needs of the employees.

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It is assumed that approximately 100.000m3 water will be used for concrete works and 300.000m3 water will be used for the prevention of dust formation which makes 400.000m3 in total. This water required for the construction will be supplied from Ceyhan River.

It is not expected that a significant amount of wastewater will be generated as a result of water use for the purpose of concrete production and the prevention of dust formation. A large part of this water will fade through natural infiltration while the remaining part will evaporate.

Apart from these, water will be used for the purposes of meeting the daily drinking and utility water needs of the personnel to be employed during land preparation and the construction of the facility. The number of personnel to work at construction stage of the project is 100. The following results are reached, if the amount of water required per person is considered to be 150 lt/day:

The number of workers to be employed

: 100 persons

The amount of water to be used

: 150 lt/person-day = 0.15 m3/person-day

Total water requirement

: 0,15 m3/person-day x 100 persons =15 m3/day

This water, which is required as drinking and utility water, will be brought from nearby villages to the facility area by tankers.

If it is deemed that the whole water used will return as wastewater, it can be seen that the total amount of domestic wastewater to be generated in the area is 15 m3/day.

The pollutants contained in typical untreated domestic wastewater and their average concentrations are given in Table- 2.d.1.

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Table-2.d.1. The Pollutants in Domestic Wastewater and their Average Concentrations (Benefield, L. And Randall, C., 1980) PARAMETER

CONCENTRATION (mq/lt)

pH

6-9

TSS

200

BOD5

200

COD

500

Total Nitrogen

40

Total Phosphor

10

Pollution loads in domestic wastewater according the table above; TSS

3

BOD5

3

COD

7,5

Total Nitrogen

0,6

Total Phosphor

0,15

This domestic wastewater to be formed will be collected in watertight cesspool to be built pursuant to provisions of the “Regulation on the Pits to be excavated where Sewer System Construction is not Possible” of the Ministry of Public Health and Welfare enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 19.03.1971 and No. 13783. Watertight cesspool plan is given in Figure 2.d.1. Wastewater accumulating in the cesspool at the operation stage will be limed at regular intervals and disinfectant substance will be added to it in order to prevent spread of smell and endemic diseases. Wastewater accumulating in the cesspool will be vacuumed by Municipality of Duzici with sewage truck and discharged into the sewage system.

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Figure-2.d.1. Watertight Cesspool Plan

SCALE: 1/50

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B. Operation Stage Number of personnel to work at the operation stage of the project is 5. If water amount required per person is considered as150 lt/day: Number of workers to be assigned

: 5 persons

Water amount to be used

: 150 lt/person-day = 0,15 m3/person-day

Total water requirement

: 0,15 m3/person-day x 5 people = 0,75 m3/day

This water, which is necessary as drinking and utility water, will be brought from nearby villages to the facility area by tankers. If it is deemed that the whole water used will return as wastewater, it can be seen that the total amount of domestic wastewater to be generated in the area is 0,75 m3/day. The pollutants contained in typical untreated domestic wastewater and their average concentrations are given in Table-2.d.2. Table-2.d.2. Pollutants in Domestic Wastewater and their Average Concentrations (Benefield, L. And Randall, C, 1980)

PARAMETER

CONCENTRATION (mq/it)

pH

6-9

TSS

200

BOD5

200

COD

500

Total Nitrogen

40

Total Phosphor

10

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BOZAT INC. Pollution loads in domestic wastewater according to the table above: TSS

0,15

BOD5

0,15

COD

0,38

Total Nitrogen Total Phosphor

0,030 0,0075

This domestic wastewater to be formed will be collected in the lavatories to be constructed within the power house building. Wastewater accumulated will be vacuumed by the Municipality

with sewage truck and discharged into the sewage system ii) Solid Wastes A. Construction Stage

We can divide the wastes to be formed at the construction stage within the scope of the project into five main categories.

1st Group: Formwork wood residues, 2nd Group: Construction iron, iron pipe, profile, rubber etc. 3rd Group: Concrete and injection residue materials 4th Group: Domestic solid wastes 5th Group: Excavation to be formed during land preparation The wood wastes used for formworks will be collected at certain intervals. In case of demand, the wood wastes collected will be given to peasants in the vicinity and these wastes will be used for the purpose of heating. The second group wastes will be collected at certain intervals and sold to waste collectors. Third group solid wastes will be used as backfill material.

The number of personnel to work at land preparation and construction stage will not exceed 100 persons. The amount of domestic solid wastes to be generated by the personnel concerned is calculated as follows by using domestic solid waste amount 0.865 OSKAN Hydroelectric Power Plant EIA Preliminary Survey Report

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kg value produced daily per person (State Statistical Institute (DİE), The Results of the Survey on Environmental Statistics, Household Solid Waste Composition and Tendency Questionnaire, 1993): 100 personsx0.865kg/person-day=86,5kg/day

In accordance with the Article 8 of the “Regulation on Control of Solid Wastes” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 14.03.1991 and No. 20814, domestic solid wastes to be formed will be collected separately, and necessary precautions will be taken for the purpose of facilitating their disposal and use without damaging the environment, preventing environmental pollution and contributing to economy. The principles mentioned in the Article 18 in section four of the same Regulation regarding collection and transportation of solid wastes will be complied with and solid wastes will not be dumped into places where they will cause negative impacts on the environment and will be collected in standard closed waste bins.

In line with the Article 20 of the same section, they will be carried and discharged to the landfills shown by the Municipality in such a way as not to pollute the environment in terms of such factors as appearance, smell, dust, leakage etc. Since the excavation to emerge during land preparation will be stored for the purpose of backfilling base and pits, landscaping works and asphalting processes of stabilized road, there will be no excavation waste materials. Waste management will be achieved in such a way as to minimize the negative effects of waste oil, grease oil and fuel on human health and environment in line with provisions of “Regulation on Control of Hazardous Wastes” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 27 August 1995 and No. 22387 and the “Circulars on Oil Wastes and Waste Oil” dated 12 August 1996 and No. 2440-5249 and dated 21 November 1997 and No. 4473-7756. B. Operation Stage In total, 5 personnel will work at the operation stage of the project. A social facility will be available inside the power house building for the personnel to be employed. Domestic solid waste amount to be generated by the personnel assigned is calculated as follows by using the domestic solid waste amount 0.865 kg value produced daily per person: OSKAN Hydroelectric Power Plant EIA Preliminary Survey Report

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5 N X 0.865 kg /N-day = 4,325 kg/day In accordance with the Article 8 of the “Regulation on Control of Solid Wastes” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 14.03.1991 and No. 20814, domestic solid wastes to be formed will be collected separately and necessary precautions will be taken for the purpose of facilitating their disposal and use without damaging the environment, preventing environmental pollution and contributing to the economy. The principles mentioned in the Article 18 in section 4 of the same regulation regarding collection and transportation of solid wastes will be complied with and solid wastes will not be dumped into places where they will cause negative impacts on the environment and will be collected in standard closed waste bins. In line with the Article 20 of the same section, they will be carried and discharged to the landfills shown by the Municipality in such a way as not to pollute the environment in terms of such factors as appearance, smell, dust, leakage etc. Waste management will be achieved in such a way as to minimize the detrimental effect of waste oil and grease oil to be caused by maintenance and repair of tools and equipment as well as the wastes formed as a result of leakage arising from fuel storage tanks and petroleum pipelines on human health and environment in line with provisions of the “Regulation on Control of Hazardous Wastes” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 27 August 1995 and No. 22387 and the “Circulars on Oil Wastes and Waste Oil” dated 12 August 1996 and No. 2440-5249 and dated 21 November 1997 and No. 4473-7756. iii) Emission A. Construction Stage Catalytic heaters and electric energy will be used for the heating of workers who will work beginning from land preparation until putting into operation of units and no fuel consumption will take place for heating purposes. Emission will generate as a result of the operation of construction equipments in the activity area. Diesel oil will be used in construction equipments to be used in the area as fuel and general properties of diesel oil are given in Table-2.d.3. Table-2.d.3. General Properties of Diesel Oil OSKAN Hydroelectric Power Plant EIA Preliminary Survey Report

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PROPERTIES Naming Consistency Type

No:1 Gas Oil

No: 2 Diesel Oil

Very Flowable Distilled

Very Flowable Distilled

No:4 No:5 No:6 Marin Medium Heavy FuelDiesel-Oil Fuel-Oil Oil Easy Medium Heavy Flowable Flowable Flowable Very light Light residue Residues residue Black Black Black 0.9279 0.9529 0.9861

Colour Light Amber Concentration 0.8251 0.8654 (15°C)g/c m3 Viscosity (38 °C) 1.6 2.68 15.0 50.0 360 0 ° Pour point ( C) -18.0 -18.0 -12.0 0.0 18.0 Atmospheric Atmospheric Atomization -4.0 54.0 93.0 ° Temperature ( C) Pumping Temperature Atmospheric Atmospheric -9.0 1.0 38.0 (°C) Carbon Residues (%) Trace Trace 2.5 5.0 12.0 Sulphur (%) 0.1 0.4-0.7 0.4-1.5 Max. 2.0 Max. 2.8 Oxygen-Nitrogen (%) 0.2 0.2 0.48 0.7 0.98 Hydrogen (%) 13.2 12.7 11.9 11.7 10.5 Carbon (%) 86.5 86.4 86.1 85.55 85.70 Water and Deposit (%) Trace Trace Max 0.5 max 1.0 max 8.0 Ash (%) Trace Trace 0.02 0.05 0.08 Heat Value (kcal/l) 9.121 9.387 9.720 9.863 9.986 (SOURCE: Air Pollution Control and Inspection, TMMOB (Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects, Chamber of Chemical Engineers, May 1991) The necessary diesel oil required for construction equipment operating in the site will approximately be 60 l/h. Accordingly; Q=60 I/h x 0,8654kg/l =51,924kg/h(0,052 t/h) Table-2.d.4. Emission Factors of Pollution Emitted from Diesel Vehicles (kg/t) POLLUTANT DIESEL Carbonmonoxides 9.7 Hydrocarbons 29 Nitrogen Oxides 36 Sulphur oxides 6.5 Salt 18 Source: Principles of Air Pollution and its Inspection, 1991

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In accordance with this, the estimated pollutant values originating from construction equipments: Carbonmonoxides Hydrocarbons

: 9,7 kg/T×0,052t/h=0,5044 g/h : 29kg/Tx0,052t/h=1,508 kg/h

Nitrogen Oxides

: 36kg/Tx0,052t/h=1,872 kg/h

Sulphur oxides

: 6,5kg/Tx0,052t/h=0,338 kg/h

Dust

: 18kg/Tx0,052t/h=0,936 kg/h

As mass flow values calculated for construction equipments is very low, it will not have any negative impact on the current air quality. Dust formation is expected during the construction activities of the project. Any kind of solid or liquid substance, which has dimensions of a single molecule, is larger than 0.0002µm, smaller than 500µm and can suspend in the air for a while is in particle class. Principles specified in the Article 7 of the Regulation on Protection of Air Quality enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 02.11.1986 and No. 19269 will be complied with during transportation, unloading and loading of both excavation and excavation wastes during the facility activity. Furthermore, principles in Section 5 of this article will be complied with. Approximately 30.000m3 (45.000 tons) of excavation waste material is expected to be formed during land preparation. This material obtained will be stored to be used as backfill material in the field and some of it will be used in road construction. Dust emitting processes such as transport, loading and unloading will be used in calculation of dust emissions due to the above-mentioned conditions. Dust emission calculations will be carried out by considering that the whole excavation waste material has been processed, which is the worst possibility. Quantities of excavation waste material generation to be processed by working 10 months in a year, 26 days in a month and 8 hours in a day and 3 years in total are given in Table2.d.5.

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Table-2.d.5. Quantities of excavation waste material generation to be formed at the construction stage Generation m3

tons

3 years

30.000

45.000

1 year (10 months)

10.000

15.000

1 month (26 days)

1.000

1.500

1 day (8 hours)

38,46

57,6

4,8

7,21

Work Period

1 hour

Dust emission factors to be used in the calculation of dust emission formations are as follows: Transport (dust raised from roads)

= 0,7 kg/km-vehicle

Loading of Material

= 0,01 kg/ton

Unloading of Material

= 0,01 kg/ton

*Dust amount to result from loading and unloading of material - Amount of dust resulting from loading 7,21 ton /hour x 0,01 kg/ton = 0,072kg/hour

- Amount of dust resulting from unloading 7,21 ton /hour x 0,01 kg/ton = 0,072kg/hour

- Amount of dust resulting from loading and unloading 0,072kg/hour + 0,072kg/hour = 0,14kg/hour * Amount of dust to be formed during transport of material:

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The material obtained from excavation will be stored to be used in site grading works, road construction and some of it will be used as backfill material in the field. Transport distance will be approximately 1 km. Considering that a truck transports 13,5 tons of material at a time, for 7,21 tons of material which will be produced in one hour:

7,21ton/hour / 13,5 ton/trip =0,5 trip/hour (1 trip will be completed in one hour)

In this case, the amount of dust to be formed during transport for one-hour production:

1 trip/hour x 1 km/trip x Q,7kg/km =0,7 kg/hour Mass flow rate value of the dust to be formed in this case: Q=(1)+(2) Q2= 0,14 kg/hour + 0,7 kg/hour + =0,84 kg/hour

It is indicated in article 1.1. of Annex. 2 list of the Regulation on Protection of Air Quality that “the values representing air pollution are values of contribution to air pollution obtained by measurements and total pollution values that constitute these values”. This definition is followed by the provision that “in the case that the emissions occurring in places other than chimneys are lower than 10% of the values given in the table below, there is no need for calculations of Value of Contribution to Air Pollution and Total Pollution Value” in subparagraph (b) of the same article.

Mass flow rate given for dust emission in first line of this table is 15 kg/hour. 10% of this is 1,5 kg/hour. Emission factors were obtained from EPA (www.epa.gov).

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Accordingly, as 0,84 kg/hour value is not above the 1,5 kg/hour value, which is the limit value set out in the Regulation on Protection of Air Quality, and all operations will not be carried out simultaneously, there was no need for air modelling.

The dust arising from the road will demonstrate a linear distribution and as the dust amount formed remained below the 1,5 kg/hour value, which is the limit value set out in the Regulation on Protection of Air Quality, there was no need for air modelling.

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However, although the value remained below the limit value, the precautions listed in article 7/7 of the Regulation on Protection of Air Quality will be taken: -

Top of transporters will be covered with canvases

-

Running speed of vehicles will be low (40 km at maximum)

-

Roads will be moistened continuously.

In addition, personnel working in borrow pits have to wear dust mask in line with the Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety of the Ministry of Labour and Social Security of Republic of Turkey. As it will be followed throughout the entire stages of the project, the Regulation on Protection of Air Quality enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated November 2, 1986 and No. 19269, the Regulation on Noise Control enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated December 11, 1986 and No. 19308 and provisions of the Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety of the Ministry of Labour and Social Security of the Republic of Turkey will be complied with during these operations and no problems will arise in terms of human health and environmental health in this context.

B. Operation Stage Catalytic heaters and electric energy will be used for heating of workers who will work at the operation stage of the project and no fuel consumption will occur for heating purposes. No emissions will occur at the operation stage of the project.

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iv) Noise A. Construction Stage Vibration and noise will be generated by the use of heavy machinery and crusher facility even though it is used to a certain extent during the works to be conducted until the units are put into operation. Machines will not work continuously, but in short periods. When the noises to be generated at site are taken into account, the limits set for site noises in Table 4 of the “Regulation on Noise Control” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 11.12.1986 and No. 19308 will not be exceeded. These limits are as follows:

Noise Source

Noise Level (Leq (dBA))

Building Construction (Continuous)

70

Road Construction (Temporary)

75

Impact Noises

100(Lmax)

All values contained in Annex: 1 of the regulation concerned will be observed as limit for construction equipment and noises caused by construction equipment. For this purpose, it will be ensured that the machines to be used are new and high-quality products of state-ofthe-art technology.

With regard to the noise that can be generated in the facility, the provisions contained in the “Regulation on Noise Control” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 11.12.1986 and No. 19308 will be complied with. It is stated in the Article 6 of the second section of this regulation pertinent to industry, road and construction machinery that operation, putting into service and use of various noise sources and vehicles that create the maximum noise permitted to be emitted by these sources is prohibited. It is indicated that operation, putting into service and use of vehicles, the sound levels of which are given in Annex 1 and which emit higher levels of noise than

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these ones without taking the necessary precautions are prohibited. The values set out in Annex-1 will not be exceeded in compliance with this article. The noise levels set for noise sources in the facility are as follows:

NUMBER

NOISE LEVEL Leq, dBA

Grader

1

120

Road Roller

1

110

Loader

1

115

Excavator

1

105

Dump truck

15

85

Compressor

2

115

Concrete pump

2

115

Concrete plant

3

95

Crusher

1

110

Screen

1

85

NOISE SOURCES

AVERAGE EQUIVALENT NOISE LEVEL TO BE GENERATED IN THE FACILITY n Leq = 10 log (1/n) ∑10Li/10 ı=l n= number of noise Li2= Noise levels, dBA Leq=10 log(1/28 (10120/10 +10110/10 +10115/10 +10105/10 +15x1085/10 +2x10115/10 +3x1095/10 +2x10115/10 +10110/10 +1085/10) Leq= 110.04 dbA Equivalent Noise Level will decrease as moved away from the activity area. Noise Levels at certain distances from the activity area are calculated as follows: The correlation between the noise pressure level at r2 distance, GBS2 and the noise pressure level at r1 distance, GBS1 provided that it is under the same angle can be presented as follows:

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GBS2 =GBS1+20log10 (r1/r2) – Atmospheric Absorption When the r1 distance in the activity area is considered as 1 m by neglecting the atmospheric absorption, Equivalent Noise Levels at certain distances are as follows obtained from the calculations made: Distance to the activity area, r2 (m)

Leq (dBA)

100

110,04+20log 1/100=70,04

200

110,04+20log 1/200=64,02

400

110,04+20log 1/ 400=58,00

600

110,04+20log 1/600=54,48

800

110,04+20log 1/800=51,98

1000

110,04+20log1/1000=50,04

1200

110,04+20log 1/1200=48,45

1400

110,04+20log 1/1400=47,11

1600

110,04+20log 1/1600=45,95

1800

110,04+20log 1/1800=44,93

2000

110,04+20log 1/2000=44,01

Noise distribution graph created in line with these values is given in Figure 1.

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According to the “Regulation on Noise Control” Table-3, noise criteria outside of settlements prepared by taking community behaviours into account was set as 35-45 dB(A). Calculations were carried out by considering that all construction equipments will be operated simultaneously, which is the worst-case scenario, but the construction equipments concerned will not run simultaneously. Therefore, it is seen that the noise created will not pose a risk in settlement units.

In addition, with regard to noise, precautions will be taken as per the relevant articles of the “Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety” dated 11.04.1974 and No. 14765, it will be ensured that people working in the activity area wear ear flaps in order to prevent them from noise as stated in the Article 22 of the same regulation and provisions set out in the Article 78 will be followed.

The nearest settlement unit to the construction site is Kumarlı Village and its distance is 2,5 km. Thus, noise to be detected at the nearest residence and other receiver sources during construction activities is considered to be below the limits set out in the Regulation on Noise Control.

B. Operation Stage

There are no major noise sources that will have a negative impact on the environment at the operation stage of the project.

e) Its Impacts on Pollution and Environment Liquid and solid wastes as well as emission and noise values to be generated at the construction and operation stages of the hydroelectric power plant planned to be constructed are given in Section 2.d in detail. As will be seen in the relevant sections, liquid and solid wastes as well as emission and noise values to be formed within the scope of the project will remain below the limit values and the facility is not expected to have a negative impact on the environment.

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f) Accident Risks due to the Technology and Materials to be Utilized With an installed power of 3×10 MW, Oskan HEPP will generate 109,93 Gwh/year in total, 49,09 Gwh/year of which is reliable. The facility will consist of diversion structure, power plant, energy intake structures in the power plant, connecting dike and switchyard. These sections of the facility are explained in detail under the relevant headings. 1. Diversion Structures Construction of Oskan Regulator and HEPP will be completed in two stages depending on the diversion process. At the first stage, the diversion structure and power house building will be constructed on the flat area which is located on the left coast and has an average altitude of 85m. At this stage, the water level will not exceed this altitude therefore there was no need to build a cofferdam. A thin wall will be constructed to prevent water leakage. The second stage will commence upon completion of plant and diversion structures. At this stage, after the entry and exit channels necessary for the spillway and power plant are opened, the river will be flown from a diversion structure with a cofferdam. The cofferdam is earth fill, slopes of which is 2,5 horizontal and 1 vertical. Crest elevation is 78,00 and crest length is 110m and there is a thin wall of 12 m depth. At this stage, the connecting dike and spillway will be connected to right slope. 2. Connecting Dike The concrete structures located on the left coast will be connected to the right slope with a homogenous earth fill dike. This dike that will cover the riverbed will have a crest width of 10 m, crest elevation of 85,50 m and crest length of 2150 m. Water surface slope will be taken as 3 horizontal 1 vertical and air surface slope will be taken as 2,5 horizontal and 1 vertical. Construction of a thin wall that goes down to 50,05 elevation was envisaged in order to achieve water-tightness under the connection dike. The thin wall will continue below the diversion structure and power plant.

3. Diversion Structure

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Oşkan and Berkman regulators (at downstream), are facilities which will pass the overflows to come from upstream as they are and have no reservoirs. The diversion structure, which consists of threshold and stilling basin, will be designed in such a way as to deliver a flow rate (Q= 3200 m3/s) equivalent to 100-year renewable overflow peak value of Aslantaş Dam. For this reason, it will operate in parallel with the diversion operation of Aslantaş Dam upstream of facilities. Approach channel elevation will be 72,00 in the diversion structure. Threshold elevation will be 73,50 and be divided in 5 spans of 12 m of width. These spans will be equipped with radial gates of 12,00mx10,50m. Cofferdam gates are planned to be used in maintenance and repair of radial gates and gate slots will be established at the pillars. Middle pillar thickness will be taken as 3,0 m. Stilling basin will have a length of 50 m and width of 72 m.

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4. Energy Structures

4.1. Optimization of Installed Power Okşan HEPP is a facility with no reservoir. For this reason, the inflows are formed by outflows of Aslantaş Dam which is existing in the upstream. Irrigation development planned upstream of Aslantaş Dam affects the inflows. Irrigation plans are composed of 4 stages in such a way that they will be put into operation in years 1985, 1995, 2005 and 2020. Flowrate-probability values of monthly inflows were identified for the 4 irrigation stages. Generations which can be carried out with various installed powers from 16,67MW to 50 MW were found in the operation works conducted with the said inflows. Cost estimates of power plants with various installed powers were made and their annual costs were calculated. As a consequence, installed power of 30MW was identified as the best one. As the flows coming from the upstream Aslantaş HEPP will be turbined in Berkman HEPP and given that no active volume will exist in the Regulator, it was concluded that the number of units should be 3, in parallel with Aslantaş.

4.2. Annual Energy Generation The energy generated in Oskan HEPP varies depending on development of irrigations upstream. The generations carried out by taking into account the irrigation developments for the years 1985, 1995, 2005 and 2020 are enumerated below. The requirement for Cevdetiye irrigations downstream in operation works were also taken into consideration.

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Table-2.f.1. Energy Generation Outputs Expected by Taking Irrigation Developments of Berkman HEPP Project into Account IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT

GENERATION (Gwh/year) RELIABLE

SECONDARY

TOTAL

1985

69,25

56,58

125,83

1995

64,87

56,64

121.51

2005

49,09

60,84

109,93

2020

29,80

63.89

93,69

YEAR

4.3. Power Plant, Switchyard and Permanent Equipment The power house will be established on the left side of the diversion structure. The power plant, consisting of 3-generation blocks and 1 assembly block, will be equipped with pipetype turbine- generator units, each of which will have a power of 10MW, and will be run-ofriver type. Upstream side of the power house building will be equipped with grids and cofferdam gates and be arranged as an irrigation structure. Gross head will be 10,5 m; total flowrate of the power plant will be 345m3/s; rotation number of the generators will be 150 rotation/minute and nominal power will be 11,5MVA. The three unit blocks will have the dimensions of 12,00×47.00m and there will be an assembly block sized 13,00×20.00m on the left of unit blocks. Turbine axis elevation is 69,00. At the 76,00 elevation there will be passage from the generator hall to turbine clearance and generator access shaft. Distribution of units in the power plant as per the floors will be as follows: 1. 84,00 elevation: The power plant will be entered from this floor. Offices and lavatories will be placed on this floor which will only be included in the assembly block. 2. 80,75 elevation: There will be telecommunication, control, relay and 400v distribution rooms on this floor, which is only included in the unit block. 3. 80,00 elevation: dining hall will be available on this floor which will only be included in assembly block.

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4. 76,00 elevation: generator crusher and exciter, electrical shop, station service transformer will be available in the part of this floor which will be included in the unit block and storage will be available in the part included in the assembly block.

Tailwater level of Oskan Regulator and Hydroelectric Power Plant is 72,50m, which is the reservoir level of Berkman Regulator existing in the downstream. Capacity of mobile bridge crane is 20 tons while capacity of the portal crane that renders service to the spillway power plant together will be 50 tons. Switchyard of 154 kV will be placed on an area of 82m×40m with an elevation of 71,05 m on the left side of the power plant exit channel. Heavy machinery will be used in the land preparation and construction works to be carried out within the scope of the project. Occupational accidents are likely to happen in cases of lack of attention and disregard of the safety instructions of the personnel and if the safety tools and equipment are not used. The qualified personnel will be employed and the staff will be trained on work safety in order to decrease the occupational accidents to the minimum degree. Relevant provisions of the Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 11.01.1974 and No. 14765 will be complied with. The personnel to work during the activity will not be allowed to be around either the trucks or the loaders during loading. A car will be kept available in case of any accidents to occur and it will be ensured that the personnel having an accident are taken to the nearest health unit rapidly.

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The most significant potential health problem to arise among workers in the site is the occurrence of a contagious disease. Periodical health control will be applied to the workers in order to minimize this problem. In the activity field, adequate fire extinguishing equipment (pickaxe, shovel, axe, water bucket etc.) will be kept available in case of a fire to break out, the site will never be left empty and a gurad will be available in the site for this purpose. Furthermore, a radio phone will be kept in the activity field. Within the scope of the project, the provisions of the articles relevant to Section 1 “the Safety Precautions to be taken against Fire in Workplaces” of Part 5 of the Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 11.04.1974 and No. 14765 will be followed. Danger and warning boards will be put in necessary places in order to prevent the creation of a danger or risk for those working within the facility and in this way, all possible hazards and risks will be minimized.

3. LOCATION OF THE PROJECT

Oskan Regulator and Hydroelectric Power Plant is located 14 km to the northwest of the Province of Osmaniye, within the borders of Duzici District and on Ceyhan River. This head is planned to be utilized through upstream Oşkan HEPP and Berkman HEPP. Osmaniye is located in the eastern part, Adana section of the Mediterranean region. It is surrounded by Gaziantep in the east, Adana in the west, Hatay in the south and Kahramanmaraş in the north. Being one of our southern provinces, Osmaniye is quite close to the İskenderun Gulf (20 km) and has no coast. It is a province with a special position through which E-5 that links Turkey to Syria and roads that link the Central Anatolia Region and Mediterranean Region to the Southeastern Anatolia Region pass through. It has a surface area of 3037 km2. Kadirli, Sumbas, Düziçi, Bahçe, Hasanbeyli and Toprakkale are its districts. Population coming from cities is much higher than the one coming from villages in the Province of Osmaniye. The major reason for this is the fact that industry and trade sector

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is quite developed in the economic structure of the province. The people of the region make their living from agriculture, industry and trade. In the province, plains are wide, irrigation problem is largely solved and agriculture has a large share in the economy as the climate conditions are appropriate for agriculture. Plains occupy large areas particularly in Osmaniye, Kadirli, Toprakkale and Düziçi. Important agricultural products are peanut, cotton, soybean, corn and wheat. Citrus fruits agriculture and greenhouse cultivation have also developed in recent years due to warm winter conditions. The district of Kadirli has an important place in radish production of Turkey. The ponds and streams within the province borders are utilized in the fisheries industry. Osmaniye has an intense commercial activity because of its special location as it is located on important highways and railways. The province of Osmaniye is located to the east of Çukurova. In the eastern part of the city borders lie Amanos Mountain Ranges, which are recognized as the beginning of Southeastern Taurus Mountains and the height of which exceeds 2000 m from place to place while Central Taurus Mountains lie in its north. For this reason, land forms and elevations vary to a great extent even in short distances. In other words, plains with little elevation are next to high mountains. Eastern and northern parts of it are mountainous while southern and western parts are bottom lands which are a continuation of Çukurova. As the central district, Osmaniye is established on a fill land formed by accumulation of materials brought by Hamus Creek and Karaçay that spring from Amanos Mountains (118 m). From place to place volcanic stony areas and basalts are encountered on these fills. Furthermore, the presence of Erzin Mineral Spring in our immediate vicinity and Haruniye Thermal Spring within the Province borders (Hatay) proves that we are on a faulted structure in geological terms. The province of Osmaniye is located in the Mediterranean Region. It has a sultry weather as summers are hot and humidity level is high. For this reason, transhumance has become a life style. Plateaus are accessed in short distance as plains and mountains are side-byside on the province borders. Its important plateau is Zorkun Plateau, on which various media organizations prepare and present programmes for promotional purposes. Zorkun Plateau is on the Amanos Mountains, has an altitude of 1500 m and can see Syria and Çukurova from a bird’s eye view. Because of its cool weather, natural beauties, cold OSKAN Hydroelectric Power Plant EIA Preliminary Survey Report

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water resources and as it is at a short distance and has adequate infrastructure services, it has attracted the attention of people of our region and its population reaches 100 thousand in summer months. Certain institutions and organizations arrange various social and cultural events in tableland season on Zorkun Plateau such as Zorkun Child Festival. Apart from Zorkun, the plateaus on the Amanos Mountains are Küreci, Tuztaşı, Dervişpınarı, Mitisin and Fenk plateaus. Almanpınarı, Tutlupınarı and Başpınar plateaus are located in Hasanbeyli district. Furthermore, Maksutoluğu, Çığşar, Akarca; Bağdaş (Sumbas) plateaus on the Central Taurus Mountains are also important plateaus.

In the province, the Mediterranean climate, where winters are warm and rainy and summers are hot and dry, is observed.

Temperature (Average Annual)

18 C°

Highest (Average Annual)

24 C°

Lowest (Average Annual)

11 C°

Annual Precipitation

760 mm

Relative Humidity

%67

Wind Direction

Southwest-West

While snowfall and frost are not observed much in lower plateaus with little elevation, snowy and frosty days are experienced in higher regions. Spoiled Mediterranean climate properties are seen in these parts. Climate properties vary in short distances with the effect of elevation. As a result of this, transhumance is a feature of the region. Vegetation formed three different vegetation zones vertically. 1. Maquis: It is the natural vegetation composed of evergreen, small shrubs and trees. It is more prominent in places where calabrian pine trees have been destroyed. This zone continues up to 700-800 m of altitude from the shore.

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2. Forest Zone: This zone starts from the upper bound of maquis and continues up to 1800-1900 metres of height. In lower regions, broad-leaved and mixed forests exist while forests composed of coniferous trees such as black pine, cedar and abies exist in higher zones. 3. Alpine Layer: It is the natural vegetation that starts from upper bounds of the forest and continues up to 2000-2200 metres of height and is composed of herbaceous species. The largest river in the province is Ceyhan River. This river, which springs from inner regions, passes through Osmaniye and flows into the sea from Adana. Other important streams are branches of Ceyhan River, which spring from mountainous areas. These are Karaçay, Hamus, Sumbas, Kesik, Savrun, Kalecik and Sabun Creek. Dams were constructed on some of these creeks for various purposes.

Important Dam District

Purpose

Lakes

Commissioning

The Stream on

Year

which it was Built

Mehmetli Dam

Sumbas

Irrigation

1971

Kesik Water

Kalecik Dam

Hasanbeyli

Irrigation

1987

Kalecik Creek

Aslantaş Dam

Kadirli-Düziçi Irrigation, Electricity 1985

Ceyhan River

Berke Dam

Düziçi

Ceyhan River

Electricity

2001

Streams of the province of Osmaniye have irregular regimes. As Osmaniye has broad agricultural lands, irrigation bears importance and for this reason, construction of irrigation dams constitutes an important solution. There are no natural lakes exist in the province. However, there are numerous karstic resources, which furnish abundant water due to the karstic structure. The resources in the Bahçe district are upstream and bottling facilities were established on the resources. There is Haruniye Thermal Spring near Düziçi district of the province. This thermal spring is among the fist-degree thermal springs according to criteria of the ministries of health and tourism. It is stated that it contributes to the treatment of rheumatism, gynaecological diseases, skin diseases, nutrition disorders, liver and gall bladder, stomach and intestinal diseases. OSKAN Hydroelectric Power Plant EIA Preliminary Survey Report

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Ceyhan is one of the major rivers that flow into the Mediterranean Sea. This river, which springs from northwest of the Mediterranean Region on the Anatolia Plateau, is formed by the merger of Göksun and Hurma Creeks. After merging with Aksu River to the west of Kahramanmaraş and many large and small creeks, it flows in the southwest direction and flows into the sea near Yumurtalık District.

a) Current Use of Lands The highest point in Ceyhan Basin is 3081 m high from the sea level. The work site is approximately 60 m high from the sea and limited with rugged lands of 157-273 meters. It is surrounded by Göztepesi to the south (204,5m), Çamlıgedik to the northeast (157 m), Küçükbakacak to the southeast (273 m) and Karayüce (230 m) to the west. In terms of topographical appearance, the land looks like Çukurova in regions between the sea and mountain hills that face onto the sea and like typical Central Anatolia in upper parts. Total basin area is 14.775km2. The closest settlement is Karagedik Village which has a stabilized road connection of 14 km. In the location where power plant structures will be established, there is alluvion of Ceyhan River on the bed while Pliocene aged pebble stone is available on both sides. Bearing power of the alluvion and permeability of pebble stone were taken into account in the preparation stage of the project. The region is developed in agricultural terms. The hillsides on right and left coasts of the project area are covered with spoiled forest lands and maquis. The remaining regions are covered with broad agricultural lands and grazing lands. The products grown are cotton, grains and citrus fruits due to the effect of the Mediterranean climate. Vegetable and fruit cultivation are also highly developed. Forestry is one of the activities carried out in the region, though not as much as agriculture. There are no recreation areas or places of high landscape values around the project area. However, agricultural lands are available around the area concerned. Since only

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hydroelectric power plant is planned to be constructed within the scope of the project, no negative impacts are expected to occur on the agricultural lands in the vicinity.

b) Geological and Hydrogeological Characteristics and Natural Disaster Status

GEOLOGY An engineering study entitled “Bakacak Regulator Engineering Geology Planning Report” conducted by the General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works, the Survey and Planning Department in the project area in 1965 is available. Building area of the structures within the scope of Oskan HEPP Project and geological units in its immediate vicinity are listed in the following order from the oldest to the youngest one (from bottom to top). 5 Alluvion

Quaternary

4

Terrace

Plio quaternary

3

Basalt

Plio quaternary

2

Pebble stone-sand stone

Pliocene

1 Flysch

Alt Eosen

EARTHQUAKE STATUS The survey area is located right to the north of the intersection point of 36 east longitude and 37 north latitude. It is included in the second-degree earthquake zone according to earthquake zone map of the Ministry of Public Works and Settlement. It is seen in the Turkey’s seismicity (A. Taban, 1970) publication of the Directorate of Earthquake Research Institute that the survey area experienced two massive earthquakes with the magnitudes of 7,72 and 9,42 MM between the years 1600-1964. The

relation

between

the

Modified

Mercalli

(MM)

scale

and

the

greatest

acceleration/gravity that corresponds to this is as follows.

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MM

Greatest Acceleration/Gravity

7

0.07

8

0.16

9

0.33

10

0.70

BUILDING MATERIAL The material required for dike and cofferdam fillings and the aggregate necessary for concrete structures will be provided from the alluvion. For this reason, there are no problems in terms of distance and quantity. HYDROGEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Oskan Regulator, located on Ceyhan River, is approximately 14 km to the northwest of Osmaniye and 8 km downstream Aslantas Dam. A series of water structures have been designed on Ceyhan River for the development of water and soil resources of Ceyhan basin. The major ones among these structures are Aslantaş, Berke, Sır, Menzelet, Kartalkaya, Kandil II, Kandil I and Kandil respectively from downstream to upstream. Precipitation area of Oskan Regulator is 14.775km2 and downstream of it is the Berkman Regulator with a precipitation area of 14.842 km2. Hydrogeological status of the formations on the survey site are explained below in detail from the oldest to the youngest one. Resources with high-flowrates spring from paleozoic (lime stone and its quartzites), paleozoic aged quartzites were observed in the region. Quartzites and lime stones are faulted and crackled.

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Mesozoic a) Serpentine: High-flow resources spring from serpentines that constitute the Amanos Mountains in places where they are faulted and crackled. It is promising in terms of underground water. b) Cretaceous Flysch: It is not rich in terms of underground water as the formation is mostly clay lime stone and crumbled parts fill the cracks and faults although they are faulted and crackled. Low-flow resources are encountered in some places. c) Medium Cretaceous Lime Stone: These lime stones, which have yielded very little crop, are not faulted and crackled and very hard and half-crystallized. Tertiary a) Sitir Fm. (Lower-Medium Miocene): Permeable and not rich in terms of underground water. Low-flow resources were encountered. b) Kadirli Fm. (Upper Moicene-Pliocene): Permeable and promising in terms of underground water. Quaternary a)

Kaliçi (Ağzıkara Fm.): Permeable and not rich in terms of underground water.

Underground water is in pores of the formation. It does not have good conductivity. The water of the percolation wells dug in this formation usually run out in half an hour when they are drawn 1-2 lt/sc. b) Alluvion: The formation with the richest underground water is Alluvion in the Osmaniye Plain and 25-35 lt/sc water is drawn with common centrifugal pump from 4"-6" driven wells with a depth of 12 m dug within the field. Free aquifers have good water quality and static level varies between 0-2 m while dynamic level varies between 1,5-3 m. In some years, static level rises and base water becomes semi-artesian. The underground water is used largely in the region for irrigation.

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c) Basalt: They are not promising in terms of underground water although they are faulted and crackled. With regard to the project, opinion of the General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DSİ) will be submitted at the phase of obtaining licence from the Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EPK).

c) Status, Quality and Renewability of the Natural Resources in the Region

Forest lands were devastated as a result of people destructing natural habitats for centuries and steppe (moor) areas have emerged at the riverside. Especially, feeding ground of mammals are the vicinities of villages nearby and they go to these grounds at nights. The forests around are living areas for many birds and mammals. The rocky areas on the upper part of mountains are protection and nesting areas for many bird species. A rich fauna has been formed along Ceyhan river. Their fauna has been destroyed in some places due to such factors as overhunting, wrong hunting (dynamiting, trapping), land clearing, forest fires, flooding and erosion. In the fauna linked to water and land on the banks of Ceyhan River, although the flora, which plays an important role in terms of accommodation, egg laying, breeding, protection and feeding of living organisms, have been devastated in some places, these are frequently encountered along the river in some places. On the other hand, adequate habitats are available in the upper parts of the power plant water level for the animal species living in the region. This means that there will be no negative effect on bird and other living species. Many living species will be able to come to the area as a result of the alterations in soil, water and food chain and this can have a positive effect on the fauna. As is known, hydroelectric power plants do not cause air, water, chemical and radioactive pollution. They can have indirect or direct impact on the biological environment.

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The HEPPs affect flora directly in that plants submerging lose biomass. However, it can have indirect effect with the alterations which can occur in microclimate. Average annual temperature can rise between 1 and 1,5 °C while relative humidity can rise by 6% in summer. This effect can lead to very complicated changes in plant life. For example, reproduction period of plants can change as this temperature and relative humidity rise.

Aquatic fauna within the project area is rich due to ecological differences. As the water in the dam lake can be controlled better in comparison to stream, more zoo and phytoplankton will be formed in the lake in terms of quantity and diversity. As a result of this, it will be possible for fish to reproduce faster and more. Water quality of Ceyhan River bears the typical features of mountainous areas and measurable changes are not expected to occur in water quality when water accumulates in the reservoir. The main reasons for not expecting occurrence of measurable changes are the facts that the reservoir has low storage capacity and annual flows are quite high in proportion to this. For this reason, this reservoir has no annual or seasonal regulation potential. FLORA-FAUNA The project site is located in the Mediterranean Region as geographical region and in the Mediterranean Phytogeography Region in terms of phytogeography. Vegetation formations of the Mediterranean Phytogeography Region are given in Figure 1. The Mediterranean floristic region shows similarities with other regions of our country except for the Black Sea Region. A summer drought is experienced in every region of our country and this feature is the characteristic of the Mediterranean climate type. The region does not have a homogenous climate and varies in terms of temperature and precipitation.

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Pinus brutia (Calabrian Pine) forests are characteristic from low levels of this floristic region up to 1000 m. The vegetation type called maquis is predominant in the places where forests are destroyed. Frigana formation is observed in the places where maquis is destroyed. Above 1000 m of the Mediterranean Phytogeography Region are pure and mixed forests such as Pinus nigra (Black Pine), Cedrus libani (Lebanon cedar) and Abies cilicica (Cilician fir). Paliurus spina-christi (black thorn), Berberis crategina (barberry) and Juniperus oxycedrus (prickly cedar) are observed in places where the above enumerated species have been destroyed. The closest settlement units to the facility area is the Karagedik Villages. They are destroyed areas open to anthropogenic affect (human effect) as settlement units are around the area. As a result, natural floristic composition has degraded to a great degree due to anthropogenic effects and turned into a disrupted land structure where the flora weakened a lot in some places. The current dominant species in the area are composite species with broad ecological tolerance that can live in such destroyed areas.

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FIGURE. 1. VEGETATION FORMATIONS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN PHYTOGEOGRAPHY REGION

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Table.1. Flora Elements in the Facility Area and its Vicinity LATIN NAME

NAME IN TURKISH

REGIONAL

ENDEMISM

NAME

RED-

BERN

DATA BOOK

COMPOSİTAE Onopordum bracteatum

Kangal (kangal)

Kangal

-

-

-

Anthemis tinctoria

Sarı papatya (camomile)

-

-

_

Carduus nutants

Deve dikeni (musk thistle)

Deve dikeni

-

-

-

Astragalus microcephalus

Boz geven (milk vetch)

Geven

Spartium junceum

Katır tırnağı (woodwaxen)

Katır tırnağı

-

-

_

Ce ratonia siliqua

Harnup (locust)

-

-

-

-

Hardal otu (wild mustard)

Turp otu

-

-

-

Sığır kuyruğu (mullein)

Sığır kuyruğu

-

_

_

Malva neglacte

Küçük ebegümeci (mallow)

Ebegümeci

-

-

Alcea palleda

Hatmi (hibiscus)

Hatmi

-

-

Lamium amplexicaule

Ballıbaba (deadnettle)

Ballıbaba

-

-

-

Teucrium poium

Tüylü kısamahmut (felty

Acı yavşan

-

-

-

Yabani yulaf

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

-

-

-

-

Gelincik (poppy)

Gelin otu

-

_

-

Pinus brutia

Kızılcam (calabrian pine)

Kızılcam

-

Cedrus libani

Toros Sediri (Lebanon Cedar)

Sedir

-

-

-

Çalı dikeni

-

-

-

-

LEGUMİNOSAE

CRUCIFERA Sinapis arvensis SCROPHULARIACEAE Verbascum glomeratum MALVACEAE

LABİATAE

germander) GRAMINAE Avena fatua

Deli yulaf (wild oat)

Po a bulbosa

-

Cynodon dactilon

Domuz ayrığı (Bermuda grass)

Ayrık

EUPHORBİACEAE Euphorbia falcata

Sütleğen (spurge)

PAPAVERACEAE Papaver rhoeas PINACEAE -

RHAMNACEAE Paliurus spina

Kara çalı (blackthorn)

“Turkish Plant Name Dictionary”, which is a publication of Turkish Language Society, was taken as reference in the preparation of regional names of plant species in Column III.

OSKAN Hydroelectric Power Plant EIA Preliminary Survey Report

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Plant species stated in the list published by the secretariat of the “Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats” (Bern Convention) are not available in the facility area. The endemic species contained in Red Data Book of Turkey Plants are not seen in the facility area, either. Fauna elements have also decreased both due to lack of suitable habitats and anthropogenic (human effect) impacts. Table.2. Invertebrate species in the Facility Area and is Vicinity LATIN NAME

NAME IN TURKISH

BERN

HABITATS

Yumuşakçalar (mollusca) Lubbiricus terrestris

Toprak solucanı (wiggler)

-

Within field and garden soil

Isopoda Armalilidae

Eşayaklılar (isopods)

Jullus terrestris

Kırkayak (millipede)

-

Within soil and under stones on lands

Diptera Muscidae

Karasinekler (houseflies)

Musca domestica

Karasinek (housefly)

-

Any kind of habitat

Orthoptera Gryllotalpidae

Çekirgeler (grasshoppers)

Gryllus campentris

Siyah çekirge (field cricket)

-

Forests, bushes, field and gardens

Coleoptera Coccinelidae

Uğur böcekleri (lady bugs)

Coccinella septempunedata

7 noktalı gelinböceği (lady

-

beetle) Lampyridae

Ateş böcekleri (fire beetles)

Lampyris noctiluca

Ateş böceği (fire beetle)

Saltatoria

Çayır ve çalı çekirgeleri

Forests, bushes, field and gardens

-

Forests, brushwood and haystacks

(grasshoppers and crickets) Grylüdae

Cırcırlar (ratchets)

Acheta domestica

Ev Cırcırları (house cricket)

-

Houses, bushes and moors, parks and gardens

OSKAN Hydroelectric Power Plant EIA Preliminary Survey Report

BOZAT INC. Table.3. Vertebrates in the Facility Area and its Vicinity LATIN NAME

TURKISH NAME

BERN

HABITAT

REPTILES

REPTİLİA Squamata Lacertidae

Asıl kertenkeleler (true lizards)

Lacerta trilineata

İri yeşil kertenkele (Balkan Emerald Lizard)

II

Vineyards, gardens and forest lands

Lacerta danfordi

-

III

Forest and bushes, rocky grounds and walls

Ophisops elegans

Tarla kertenkelesi (snake-eyed lizard)

III

Vineyards, gardens and forest lands

Typhlopidae

Kör yılanlar (blind worms)

Typhlops vermucularis

Kör yılan (blind worm)

III

Within humid soil, under stones

TESTUDINES Testudinidae

Kaplumbağalar (turtles)

Testudo graeca

Adi tosbağa (greek spur-thighed tortoise)

II

Culture lands, stony, sandy land

Kara yılan (black whip snake)

II

Plains, stream banks, mountain hills, fields and

Colubridae Coluber jugularis

under stones Coluber najadum

Ok yılanı (racer)

II

Bushy and stony areas

MAMMALIA

MAMMALS

Muridae

Faregiller (murids)

Rattus rattus

Siyah sıçan (black rat)

-

Wide spread

Mus musculus

Ev faresi (mus)

Ill

Settlements

Spalacidae

Kör fareler (bilnd mole rats)

Spalax ehrenbergi

Güney kör faresi (middle east blind mole rat)

II

Vineyards and gardens

Leporidae

Tavşangiller (hares and rabbits)

Lepus capensis

Tavşan (rabbit)

II

Any kind of habitat

Canidae

Köpekgiller (canidae)

Canis lupus

Köpek (dog)

-

Any kind of habitat

Felidae

Kedigiller (felids)

Felis domestica

Kedi (cat)

-

Any kind of habitat

Table.4. Birds in the Facility Area and its Vicinity LATIN NAME

NAME IN TURKISH

Columba livia

Kaya güvercini (rock pigeon)

III

Corvus corax

Karakarga (common raven)

-

Coturnix coturnix

Bıldırcın (quail)

III

Delichon urbica

Kırlangıç (swallow)

II

Fringilla coelebs

İspinoz (finch)

III

Merops apister

Arı kuşu (bee eater)

II

Passer domesticus

Ev serçesi (house sparrow)

-

Streptopelia decaocta

Kumru (dove)

III

Streptopelia turtur

Üveyik (turtle dove)

III

Sturnus vulgaris

Sığırcık (starling)

-

OSKAN Hydroelectric Power Plant EIA Preliminary Survey Report

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BOZAT INC.

The envisaged HEPP recommended will be operated as run-of-river type power plant. In practice, flow coming to the reservoir at any day will go out of the reservoir in a short time in general. When overflows reach the maximum level, the excessive flow will pass through the spillway and given to the natural riverbed. There will be no adequate time for important alterations (Physical, chemical etc.) in water quality in case the project is run this way like a river power plant. The water is not expected to have a negative effect on surface water resources as the HEPP recommended is run-of-river type power plant and water is given to the river directly without delay.

d) Considering the List of Sensitive Regions in Appendix-V the assessment of the natural environment (wetland areas, coastal areas, mountainsides and forest lands, agricultural areas, national parks, specially protected areas, densely populated areas, areas of historical, cultural, archaeological etc. importance)

Natural monuments, nature protection area, natural protected areas and monuments, archaeological historical protected areas, specially protected environment areas and touristic sites are not available in the activity area. It was stated in the letter of the Provincial Culture Directorate of Adana Governorate of the Republic of Turkey dated 04/07/2002 and No. 1199 (Annex 1) that the riverbed between Mağaraönü and İkizler Village are surveyed in the area concerned and no cultural asset or historical texture was encountered on the surface and no assessment and registry record was encountered regarding the areas concerned in archive enquiries. The activity area is not within the forest region. There are agricultural lands around the activity area. However, no negative impacts are expected on these agricultural lands around as the facility to be established is in water environment and only construction of hydroelectric power plant is planned within the scope of the project.

OSKAN Hydroelectric Power Plant EIA Preliminary Survey Report

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4.PROPERTIES OF THE POSSIBLE IMPACTS ON THE CURRENT ENVIRONMENT a) Scope of the Impact Area (geographical area and population affected) Oskan Regulator and Hydroelectric Power Plant is located 14 km to the northwest of Osmaniye Province, within the borders of Duzici District on Ceyhan River. The closest settlement unit to the project area is Karagedik Village, which is approximately 1,5 km away. The Province of Osmaniye has a population of 428.349 people. 287.268 people of the population live in cities while 141.081 people live in villages. The city population is above the Turkey average with 67% and below the Turkey average with 33% of village population. Population density is 141 people. Population growth rate of the province is 013,9%. It has low fertility rate and high immigration rate. However, the immigrations have decreased in recent years. The population is dense mostly on plains and is sparse in mountainous areas. The highest point in Ceyhan Basin is 3081 m high from the sea level. The work area is approximately 60 m high from the sea and limited with rugged lands of 157-273 meters. It is surrounded by Göztepesi to the south (204,5m), Çamlıgedik to the northeast (157 m), Küçükbakacak to the southeast (273 m) and Karayüce (230 m) to the west. In terms of topographical appearance, the land looks like Çukurova in regions between the sea and mountain hills that face onto the sea and like typical Central Anatolia in upper parts. Total basin area is 14.775km2. Head of around 21 m exists between the upstream Aslantaş Dam and HEPP and downstream Cevdetiye Irrigation Regulator. This head is planned to be made use of through upstream Oşkan HEPP and Berkman HEPP. With an installed power of 3×10 MW, Oskan HEPP will generate 109,93 Gwh/year in total, 49,09 Gwh/year of which is reliable. This energy to be generated will meet some part of the energy requirement of Osmaniye Province.

OSKAN Hydroelectric Power Plant EIA Preliminary Survey Report

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Furthermore, employment will be provided for 100 people at construction stage and 5 people at operation stage. Personnel to work in the facility will create employment for those living in nearby settlements. In this way, there will be an increase in income level in the region. Unemployment will be eliminated even to a slight degree and positive contribution will be made to the economy as a result of the activity to be carried out. An area with a radius of 1 km was conceived as an impact area for the possible effects of the project on the environment. The effects of the project on the environment were handled in the relevant section headings and pollution factors are expected to remain below the limit values. For this reason, the facility will not have a great negative effect on the environment.

b) Quality and Property, Duration, Frequency and Renewability of the Impact The project is planned to be conducted by “PARTNERSHIP OF ÖZALTIN İNŞAAT TİCARET VE SANAYİ A.Ş-NUROL İNŞAAT VE TİCARET A.Ş”. The closest settlement unit to the project site is Karagedik Village, which is approximately 1,5 km far. Construction processes of the Oskan Hydroelectric Power Plant is planned to be completed in 3 years. Project life is 30 years following completion of the power plant. The impacts of the activity can be divided into the headings of soil, air, water. Agricultural lands are available around the activity area. However, no negative effect is expected to take place on these agricultural lands around as the facility to be established is in water environment and only construction of hydroelectric power plant is planned within the scope of the project. Exhaust gas will be emitted from exhausts of the machinery to run during construction of the power plant planned to be established. As can also be seen from the calculations made in relevant sections of the report, as per the sub-paragraph 1.1.b. of Annex 2 of the Regulation on Protection on Air Quality enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 02.11.1986 and No. 19269, emission amount will be below the limit value, fuel systems of the vehicles will be checked regularly and the provisions of the Circular on

OSKAN Hydroelectric Power Plant EIA Preliminary Survey Report

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Motor Vehicle Exhaust Gases dated 25.09.1992 and No. 8483 issued by the Ministry of Environment will be complied with. The dust amount to be generated during the construction of the project will remain below the limit value set out in the “Regulation on Protection of Air Quality”. For this reason, the project is not expected to have a negative effect on the air. The waste water to be formed during construction of the activity will be collected in watertight cesspool to be built pursuant to provisions of the “Regulation on the Pits to be excavated where Sewer System Construction is not Possible” of the Ministry of Public Health and Welfare enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 19.03.1971 and No. 13783. Watertight cesspool plan is given in Figure 2.d.1. Wastewater accumulating in the cesspool will be limed at regular intervals and disinfectant substance will be added to it in order to prevent spread of smell and endemic diseases. Waste water accumulating in the cesspool will be vacuumed by the Municipality with sewage truck and discharged into the sewage system. The waste water to be formed at operation stage will be collected in the lavatories within the powerhouse. Wastewater having accumulated will be vacuumed by the

Municipality with sewage truck and discharged into the sewage system. In this way, possible polluting effects of wastewater on the environment will be minimized. Further, an additional employment area will be provided in the region as a result of the carrying out of the project in the planned area and contribution will be made to the national economy with 109,93 Gwh/year energy to be generated. These effects will be permanent as long as the facility operates uninterruptedly and continuously and adaptation to the equipment appropriate for the advancing technology is achieved.

5. ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROJECT AND SITE OSKAN Hydroelectric Power Plant EIA Preliminary Survey Report

BOZAT INC.

Head of around 21 m exists between the upstream Aslantaş Dam and HEPP and downstream Cevdetiye Irrigation Regulator. This head is planned to be utilized through upstream Oşkan HEPP and Berkman HEPP. The material required for dike and cofferdam fillings and the aggregate necessary for concrete structures will be provided from the alluvion. Therefore, there is no problem in terms of distance and quantity. The alluvion units do not bring about insolvable problems in terms of foundation generation and permeability with pebble stone-sand stone intercalation that forms the basis of structures related to Oskan HEPP. The only realistic technology which can be an alternative to hydroelectric generation is thermal power plant. However, there are no natural resources (oil, coal, natural gas) in the region which can make this alternative feasible. Therefore, run-of-river type power plant project seems to be the only realistic option. All the relevant legislation and current structure of the region have been taken into account with regard to the measures to be taken. As can be seen upon the examination of the report, provision of best conditions has been aimed both in environmental terms and in terms of occupational health. There will be no environmental pollution or health problems at both the establishment and operation stages. There are no solid and liquid wastes that will be generated from electricity generation. The necessary measures for the domestic solid wastes and waste water to be formed will be taken as explained in the relevant sections.

6. CONCLUSIONS

OSKAN Hydroelectric Power Plant EIA Preliminary Survey Report

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It is planned by “PARTNERSHIP OF ÖZALTIN İNŞAAT TİCARET VE SANAYİ A.ŞNUROL İNŞAAT VE TİCARET A.Ş.” that Oskan Regulator and Hydroelectric Power Plant will be constructed on Ceyhan River in Duzici District of Osmaniye Province. The closest settlement unit to the project area is Karagedik Village, which is approximately 1,5 km away. With an installed power of 3×10 MW, Oskan HEPP will generate 109,93 Gwh/year in total, 49,09 Gwh/year of which is reliable. 100 personnel will be employed at the construction stage of the facility while 5 personnel will be employed at the operation level. Water need of the personnel to be employed will be brought to the project site by water tankers. The domestic waste water to be generated by personnel at construction stage of the activity will be collected in water-tight cesspool. The cesspool to be built in the facility will have bases and sidewalls made of water-tight concrete pursuant to “Regulation on the Pits to be excavated where Sewer System Construction is not Possible” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 19.03.1971 and No. 13783. The waste water to be formed at operation stage will be collected in the lavatories within the powerhouse and be vacuumed by the Municipality with sewage truck at regular intervals. No solid wastes will be generated in the facility due to processes. Only domestic solid waste will be generated by the personnel working in the facility. In accordance with the Article 8 of the “Regulation on Control of Solid Wastes”, domestic solid wastes to be formed will be collected separately, maintained and necessary precautions will be taken for the purpose of facilitating their disposal and use without damaging the environment, preventing environmental pollution and contributing to economy. The principles specified in the Article 18 in section 4 of the same Regulation regarding collecting and transporting solid wastes will be complied with and solid wastes will not be dumped into places where they will cause negative impacts on the environment and will be collected in standard closed waste bins. In line with the Article 20 of the same section, they will be carried and discharged to the landfills shown by the municipality in such a way as not to pollute the environment in terms of such factors as appearance, smell, dust, leakage etc. Exhaust gas will be emitted from exhausts of the machinery to run during construction of the power plant planned to be established. As can also be seen from the calculations OSKAN Hydroelectric Power Plant EIA Preliminary Survey Report

BOZAT INC.

made in relevant sections of the report, as per the sub-paragraph 1.1.b. of Annex 2 of the Regulation on Protection of Air Quality enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 02.11.1986 and No. 19269, emission amount will be below the limit value and therefore it was concluded that there was no need for calculations of air pollution contribution values and total pollution value. In this regard, fuel systems of the vehicles will be checked regularly and the provisions of the Circular on Motor Vehicle Exhaust Gases dated 25.09.1992 and No. 8483 published by the Ministry of Environment will be followed. The values which are specified in Table 2 showing the highest acceptable noise levels and specified in the Article 11 of the “Regulation on Noise Control” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 11.12.1986 and No. 19308 will be followed. In addition, with regard to noise, measures will be taken as per the relevant articles of the “Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety” dated 11.04.1974 and No. 14765, it will be ensured that people working in the activity area wear ear flaps in order to avoid getting affected from noise as mentioned in Article 22 of the same regulation and provisions set out in the Article 78 will be complied with. Danger and warning boards will be placed in appropriate places in order to prevent creation of a danger or risk for those working within the facility and in this way, all possible hazards and risks will be minimized.

OSKAN Hydroelectric Power Plant EIA Preliminary Survey Report

BOZAT INC.

OSKAN Hydroelectric Power Plant EIA Preliminary Survey Report