• Release Date: April 20-26

17-1 (85)

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By BETTY DEBNAM from The Mini Page by Betty Debnam C 1985 Universal Press Syndicate

Music makers you should know

Orchestra Instruments

• The string family

Made from wood, with four strings made of sheep gut, nylon or wire ... tuned by turning pegs at top ... stroked by bows made of horsehair.

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Violin Smallest of the strings ... pitch is higher than other strings ... warm, singing sound ... held under chin.

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Cello Has rich, mellow tones that are thought to be closest to sound of human voice ... so large that player sits with ,instrument tucked between knees.

Contrabass

Has deep and powerful tones ... player must stand or sit on a stool to play this tall instrument ... also called . the double bass .

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The brass family Made of metal tubing curled in different shapes ·a nd lengths ... the longer the tube, the lower the tone.

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Trumpet

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Has a bold, high-pitched tone. Three . valves can be pushed to open length and give ·w ider range of sounds.

Viola Slightly larger than violin ... has thicker strings and a lower, deeper pitch ... held under the chin.

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An orchestra is a group of musicians who play together. There are about 100 musicians in a symphony orchestra. A symphony orchestra usually plays long pieces of classical music . The instruments they play can be divided into four "families": strings, brass, woodwinds and percussion . .

Has powerful, deep sounds that can be funny'.or scary ... the largest of the brasses, it has the lowest tone ... 18 to 35 feet of tubing ends in a flaring bell. ·

Trombone Has a grand and lovely tone that can be soft or loud ... is the .loudest instrument in the orchestra ... has no valves but a slide that is moved back and forth, to give different p~tches.

French Horn A 12- to 17-foot tube wound around and around ... ends in a big bell ... punching valves changes the pitch .

Release Date: April

20-26

17-2 (85)

The woodwind family

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Clarinet

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Same length as the flute ... has tones that are more piercing than other woodwinds.

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~ . 2 feet long ... bright, birdlike tones ~ ... player blows across the tube just ,g like blowing over the top of a bottle.

Bass clarinet Twice as long as the clarinet ... plays lower tones ... has curved neck and bell-shaped end ... sounds a sad sound.

• Piccolo

Woodwinds are hollow tubes Half the length of a flute ... sounds . played by blowing . . . pressing the the highest note in the orchestra ... keys that open and close changes the brilliant and piercing tone. notes ... originally made of wood, today they are either wood or metal.

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Oboe 2-foot long wood tube that widens into a bell ... has mouthpiece made of two pieces of cane fastened together ... has a smooth and beautiful tone.

Bassoon An 8- to 9-foot tube that doubles back on itself ... has mouthpiece attached to a long pipe ... can make heavy, comical sounds.

Contrabassoon

English Horn A longer, lower-keyed oboe with a pear-shaped end ... has soft, dreamy and sad sound.

Is about twice as long as bassoon, with tube being folded over four to six times ... plays the lowest note in the orchestra.

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Attention: Kids, Parents and Teachers

Travel around the world with II THE MINI PAGE ~ MAP OF THE WORLD! I •

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This beautiful full-color map measures 34 inches by 22 inches. The map's border, also in full color, features 96 flags from nations all over the world. Each flag is labeled and each nation's capital is indicated for easy identification. This fun, educational reference is ideal for home, office and classroom use.

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Please send: ;; _ _ copies of THE MAP OF THE WORLD @ $3.00 plus .75 for postage and ~

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1LISTEN, VIOLA, LOUD, SOFT, PIANO, XYLOPHONE, HORN,

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• I i ',_.' ,",,' Total amount enclosed . = • Name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ __ II i I Address II 'i" III City State Zip I ~ :1 Make checks payable to Andrews, McMeel & Parker. Allow 4-6 weeks for. delivery. Send H; ,· " check or money ord!!r to: M,NI PAGE MAP OF THE WORLD, c/o thIS newspaper, '. : j " I 4400 Johnson DrIve, FaIrway, Kansas 66205. • • '1.-.DI• • ara• • • •• • • ·• •tl]••Cla:I;I : d: n~~

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VIOLIN, DRUMS, HARP, BASS, COMPOSER, TROMBONE,

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• Release Date: April 20-26

17-3 (85)

The Usual Seating Plan of An Orchestra

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An Orchestra Chart

TROMBONE

This chart shows how an orchestra might be arranged. Not all orchestras are set up alike. A piano soloist usually sits to the left of the conductor, in front of the violins.

GONG

The Presidents of the United States Poster is an attractive, fun and educational reference. This 22-by-28-inch poster is illustrated with reproductions of the official engraved portraits of each of the 40 presidents. To order send check or money order onljr for $2.00, plus 50 cents (postage and handling) to: Presidents Poster, cl o This newspaper, 4400 Johnson Drive, Fairway, Kan . 66201). Make checks payable to Andrews, McMeel & Parker.

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Meet Leonard ·B ernstein ~

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These are the pa~terns

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Like all conductors, Leonard Bernstein must know what the composer had in mind when he wrote the music. He also must know how to lead the orchestra.

Leonard Bernstein is one of the most important Americans in the history of music. He is a famous pianist, conductor, composer, teacher and author. Bernstein, age 67, grew up in Boston. ·He graduated from Harvard University. At the age of 25, he conducted one of tl1e most important orchestras in the country, the New York Philharmonic. For 14 years he conducted "'Young People's Concerts." This TV series introduced young listeners to the wonders of music. As a composer, he has written symphonies, ballets and operas. He has also written music for movies and a Broadway musical. Bernstein lives in New York. He has three grown children. His wife died. several years ago. J

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Release Date: April 20-26

17-4 (85)

The percussion family

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Made from several materials ... can be played by tapping, striking, shaking or beating .. . used to keep rhythm and add tone color.

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A glockenspiel looks like a xylophone but has steel bars.

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Xylophone

Bass drum Like a large toy drum ... has parchment or skin stretched over both ends ... very large ... makes a deep, booming sound.

Snare drum Smaller than bass ... makes crisp sound ... has strings (snares) on the bottom that rattle.

Also called kettledrum ... big, empty brass or copper bowl with calfskin stretched across ... foot ' pedals adjust the skin to make different pitches.

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• Triangle Made of steel ... hit with small steel rod to make a tinkling sound.

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The Mini Page',would like to thank the Educational Department of the National Symphony Orchestra, Washington, D.C., for help with this story.

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Gongs Made of brass ... hit with drumstick or mallet.

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Set of 12 to 18 metal pIpes hung • in a wood or metal frame ... pipes sound like church bells when struck with mallet. ~\,'.

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Made of brass ... clapped together.

Piano Has 88 keys that are connected to tiny felt hammers that strike metal strings ... both a percussion and string instrument.

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A double row of small wooden bars of different lengths that play notes when struck ... has a hard, hollow sound.

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Harp A stringed instrument that is plucked with the fingers ... has 47 strings from 5 inches to over 5 feet long ... sounds delicate, angelic notes. from The Mini P . .e by Betty Debnam CD 1985 Universal Presa Syndicate

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Teacher's Guide

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Unscramble the names of these instruments. Then fit each name into the blocks that match the shape of the letters. We have done the first one' for you. i

For use by teachers and parents at home and at school. For use with issue: Orchestra Instruments Main idea: This issue talks about orchestra instruments. A picture and short description of each instrument is given. The following is a list of activities to be used with this issue. They are listed in order of difficulty, with the easier pre-reader assignments listed first. Ask the children to do the following: 1. Count the number of instruments. 2. Get another copy of this issue. Cut apart the pictures of the instruments in one issue. Mix them up, then place each instrument with its matching instrument in the other issue. 3. Listen to some symphony records. Can you identify any instruments? What do you think of the music? When hearing music, we imagine scenes, pictures and images in our minds. Draw a picture of what the music makes you think of. 4. Draw a picture of yourself playing an instrument. 5. Talk about the orchestra instruments. Do you or does anyone you know_lllay any instrument? If you could play any orchestra instrument, which would it be? Why? 6. Assign a different orchestra instrument to each student. Place them in the usual seating plan of an orchestra as pictured in the issue. Have each student pretend to play bis or her instrument. 7. Look in the entertainment section of your paper for musical programs on TV, on the radio or at a theater. 8. Place the names of the percussion instruments in alphabetical order. 9. Cut apart each instrument from its description. (You may need another copy of this issue to do this.) Pass out the pictures of the instruments. When the name of an instrument and its description are called out, have the student with that instrument \.. stand up and tell something about it.

(Note to Editor: Above is the Teacher's Guide for Issue 17.)

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