On Meeting Gender Data Needs in Agriculture in the Philippines Prepared by:

MS. MECHELLE M. VIERNES

Philippine National Statistical Coordination Board and

MS. EMERLYN BAES

Bureau of Agricultural Statistics

FAO Sub-Regional Workshop on Sex-Disaggregated Data in Agriculture and Rural Development for Southeast Asian Countries 13-16 November 2012, Bangkok, Thailand

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Outline of the Presentation 1.

Introduction

2.

Efforts of the Philippine Statistical System (PSS) on the Compilation of Gender Statistics

3.

Gender Statistics in Agriculture

4.

Women and Men in Agriculture: What the Statistics Says?

5.

Data Coherence Challenges

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I. Background Promotion of Gender Concerns in the Philippines: •Guided by internationally agreed frameworks/commitments, such as the: •Beijing Platform for Action •Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) •Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

Now widely recognized that, Efforts aimed at advancing the status of women require timely and accurate information on the situation of women and men.

In the Philippines, The Philippine Statistical System (PSS) has institutionalized various mechanisms to provide the necessary data support to genderresponsive development.

Framework of Statistical Coordination in the PSS The Decentralized Philippine Statistical System Major Statistical Agencies National Statistics Office

produces agricultural statistics

Bureau of Agricultural Statistics National Statistical Coordination Board

produces money and banking statistics

Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas

Policy-making and coordinating body

produces general-purpose statistics

Bureau of Labor and Employment Statistics

Statistical Research and Training Center

Produces establishment - based labor and employment statistics

conducts shortterm courses in statistics and researches to enhance methodologies, concepts, etc.

II. Efforts of the Philippine Statistical System in the Compilation of Gender Statistics

A. Statistical Policies on Gender Statistics 1. NSCB Resolutions enjoining different agencies to promote gender concerns in the generation of statistics, approving statistical frameworks on gender and development indicator systems 2. Official Concepts and Definitions for Statistical Purposes on the Gender and Development Sector

B. Coordination Mechanisms on Gender Statistics 1. Interagency Committee on Gender Statistics(IACGS) 2. Philippine Statistical Development Plan (PSDP) Chapter on Statistics on Children and Gender and Development 3. Gender and Development Focal System in the Department of Agriculture 4. National Convention on Statistics (NCS) 5. National Statistics Month

II. Efforts of the PSS on the Compilation of Gender Statistics

C. Regular PSS statistical products and services - (BAS) 3. 1 Agricultural Labor Survey (ALS) • Presents in tables and analysis on : • Sex disaggregated wage rates statistics in the agricultural sector, particularly in the palay, corn, coconut and sugarcane farms; • average labor utilization by farm activity and by source; and • extent of women’s participation in agriculture production activities.

3. 2 Gender-Based Indicators of Labor and employment in Agriculture • Presents in tables and analysis on the sex-

disaggregated labor and employment in agriculture: -Working Age Population -Employment -Labor Force Participation -Unemployment -Visible Underemployment -Participation in Farming Activities -Agricultural Wage Rates

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II. Efforts of the PSS on the Compilation of Gender Statistics

C. Regular PSS statistical products and services - (NSCB) 3.3 Statistical Handbook on Women and Men in the Philippines (WAM) • Presents in tables and figures highlighting the differences between women and men in the major areas such as Agriculture, Public Life, Education, Health and Nutrition and Social Welfare, among others.

3.4 NSCB FactSheet on Women and Men in the Philippines • Issued annually by the NSCB in support to the celebration of Women’s Month in March,

3.5 Online Database GAD indicators •

The GAD online database comprise all GAD indicators available at the NSCB (specifically GAD indicators available at the WAM) (http://www.nscb.gov.ph/gender/index.asp) 7

III.

Gender Statistics in Agriculture

A. Selected key gender data in agriculture indicators Statistical indicator

Data Disaggregation

Source of Data

Percentage of agricultural households or holdings

By Sex of Household Head By Region By Province By Municipality

Census on Population and Housing (CPH)

Women Beneficiaries of Agricultural Credit Through Grameen Bank Replication Program

By Sex

Agricultural Credit Policy Council, Department of Agriculture

Recipients of Extension Services

By Sex

Department of Agriculture

Frequency of Conduct Every 10 years

Data Available 2000

1995

Annual

2009-2011

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III.

Gender Statistics in Agriculture

B. Other Gender Data in Agriculture ( Census-based) Statistical indicator

Data Disaggregation

Source of Data

Frequency of Conduct

Distribution of Households by agricultural land ownership

By Sex By Region By Province By Municipality

Census on Population and Housing (CPH)

Percentage of Agricultural Operators

By Sex By Region By Province By Municipality

Census on Every 10 Agriculture and years Fisheries (CAF)

Percentage Distribution of Members in Household with Agricultural Operators Engaged in Agricultural Activities

By Sex By Type of Holding

Every 10 years

Data Available 2000

1991, 2002, (will be conducte d again in 2012)

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III.

Gender Statistics in Agriculture

B. Other Gender Data in Agriculture ( Survey-based) Statistical indicator

Data Disaggregation

Source of Data

Frequency of Conduct

Data Available

•

Percentage Distribution of Hired Workers

National, Regional By Sex By term of payment

Women’s participation in farming activities

Semi-Annual (selected crops i.e, palay and corn)

1974-2011

•

Agricultural Labor Survey (ALS) of the BAS

•

Labor Utilization

National by sex by farm activity

•

Nominal/real Wage rate in agriculture

National, Regional By sex

•

Proportion of employed workers in agriculture

National, Regional By sex

•

Proportion of unemployed workers in agriculture

•

Proportion of visibly underemployed in agriculture

Annual (selected crops, i.e., coconut and sugarcane) Labor Force Survey of the NSO

Quarterly

2006 - Jul 2012

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III.

Gender Statistics in Agriculture

B. Other Gender Data in Agriculture ( Administrative-based) Statistical indicator •

Holders of Emancipation Patent (EP)

•

Holders of Certificate of Land Ownership Agreement (CLOA)

Data Disaggregation By Sex

Source of Data

Frequency of Conduct

Data Available

Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR)

Annual

1992-2010

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IV. Women and Men in Agriculture: What the Statistics Says?

Snapshot : Facts on Men and Women

Population: 92,337,852 million Sex ratio: 102 males per 100 females Employment: Proportion of employed workers, by sex, 2011 Male:60.8% Female:39.2% Income: Share of the average annual income by sex of household head, 2009 Male:52.7% Female:47.3% Poverty Incidence for the Basic Sectors in 2009: Fishermen: 35.4% Farmers: 38.9% Women: 24.3% Poor Underemployed: Agriculture, forestry and hunting: 60.7% Fishing:7% Happiness Index, 2010: Women: 62.8% Men:69.2%

IV. Women and Men in Agriculture: What the Statistics Says? A. Agricultural Operators Male operators dominated agriculture sector. Of the 4.8 million agricultural operators, 89 percent are males while only 11 percent are females.

Proportion of Agricultural Operators, by Sex :2002

11%

male female

89% Source: 2002 Census on Agriculture and Fisheries

IV. Women and Men in Agriculture: What the Statistics Says? B. Wage Rates During the period 2007 to 2011, the average annual wage rate increases at 4.90% for males and 4.31% for females! Daily nominal wage rate of agricultural workers (in PhP), by sex 250.0

200.0

173.6

166.0

189.8 178.9

195.7 185.7

200.7 188.9

210.0 196.3

150.0

100.0

Male Female

50.0

0.0 2007

2008

2009

Source: Agricultural Labor Survey, BAS

2010

2011

IV. Women and Men in Agriculture: What the Statistics Says?

C. Employment Status in Agriculture • The proportion of employed and visibly underemployed female workers in agriculture continued to increase from 2008 to 2011! • The trend shows that 7 out of 10 workers in the agriculture comprise of men while only 3 out of 10 workers were women. Proportion of employed in agriculture 80.0

74.4

74.4

74.7

74.3

74.1

80.0

70.0

70.0

60.0

60.0

50.0

50.0

40.0

40.0

30.0

25.6

25.3

25.6

25.7

25.9

30.0

20.0

20.0

10.0

10.0

0.0

2007

2008 Male

2009

2010

2011

Female

Source: Labor Force Survey, NSO

Proportion of underemployed in agriculture 67.5

32.5

2007

68.3

31.7

2008 Male

67.5

66.8

32.5

2009

33.2

2010 Female

66.8

33.2

2011

IV. Women and Men in Agriculture: What the Statistics Says? D. Agricultural Extension Services • As of October 2012, 46 percent of clientele of agricultural extension services is female! Clientele of Agricultural Extension Services: 2012

Male Female

46% 54%

Source: Agricultural Training Institute, Department of Agriculture

IV. Women and Men in Agriculture: What the Statistics Says? D. Emancipation Patent and Cert. of Land Ownership Holders • In 2011, almost 4 out of 10 Certificate of Land Ownership Agreement Holders were women while only 2 out of 10 women are emancipation patent holder ! Proportion of Emancipation Patent Holder, by sex:2011

Proportion of Cert. of Land Ownership Agreement (CLOA) Holders: 2011

women 14%

men 86% Source: Department of Agricultural Reform

women 33%

men 67%

IV. Data (Coherence) Challenges A. Development Efforts in the generation of sex-disaggregated data in the Agriculture Sector REGISTRY SYSTEM FOR BASIC SECTORS IN AGRICULTURE (RSBSA) -electronic compilation of basic information on farmers, farm laborers and fishermen -The RSBSA was established to achieve the following objectives: • to gather demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the farmers, farm laborers and fisherman, selected characteristics of the farm • to provide information on the main purpose for farming and/or fishing activity is for household consumption or for sale • to provide data on selected characteristics of the fishing activity and type of aquafarm

IV. Data (Coherence) Challenges A. Development Efforts in the generation of sex-disaggregated data in the Agriculture Sector REGISTRY SYSTEM FOR BASIC SECTORS IN AGRICULTURE (RSBSA) Scope of the RSBSA • Profile of the Farmer, Farm laborer and Fisherman • Name of Farmer/Farm Laborer •Sex •Age •Birthdate •Marital Status •Highest educational attainment •Whether with other sources of income •Membership in Agriculture/Fisheries Organization •Whether the household is a beneficiary of the CCT, among others

IV. Data (Coherence) Challenges A. Development Efforts in the generation of sex-disaggregated data in the Agriculture Sector REGISTRY SYSTEM FOR BASIC SECTORS IN AGRICULTURE (RSBSA) •Additional Information • Type of Agricultural Worker and Activity •Kind of Work as Farm Laborer •Work with or without pay in the Farm and form of payment •Farm Parcel •Number of Parcels and Physical Areas •Tenurial Status and Proof of Ownership •Location and main use •Irrigated/Rainfed •Main purpose for growing crops, among others Coverage of the RSBSA •All barangays including highly urbanized cities in the provinces

IV. Data (Coherence) Challenges A. Development Efforts in the generation of sex-disaggregated data in the Agriculture Sector

Status of the Implementation of RSBSA • The 1st batch of the registration activity was completed in January 2012, covering 20 provinces out of 79

•The 2nd batch will be undertaken from October to November 2012 covering the rest of the provinces

IV. Data (Coherence) Challenges 1. Data gaps – Need for improved timeliness, regular, relevant and lower disaggregated gender and agriculture statistics for monitoring 2. Need to refine methodologies on the measurement of the contribution of women 3. Harmonization of data from different sources within the national statistical system (e.g. PhilFSIS in collaboration with FAO) 4. Users should recognize the benefits from the generation of statistics and it will be helpful if they are able to demonstrate actual policy uses of statistics. 5. Need for planners and data users to better appreciate, analyze and translate gender statistics into programs, policy actions and interventions. 6. Need for statistical capacity building of the producers, users and the providers of statistics.

Maraming Salamat Po! URL: http://www.nscb.gov.ph http://www.bas.gov.ph

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