ɇɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɩɪɚɰɿ Ʉɿɪɨɜɨɝɪɚɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ. ȿɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ, 2015, ɜɢɩ. 27 Olena Stanislavyk, Associate Professor, PhD in Economics (Candidate of Economic Sciences) Oleksandr Kovalenko, Associate Professor, Doctor of Economics Odessa National Polytechnic University, Odessa, Ukraine

Key Bases of Formation of the Vertically Integrated Structures in Food Industry The purpose of the article is to study the key bases of formation of vertically integrated structures in the food industry terms and agro features vertical integration in modern conditions of social and economic development of the country. Types of corporate integration, conditions and factors of vertical integration were considered in the article. The process of evolution of the integration of theory and practice in the food industry was investigated. Specific features of modern integration processes that taking place in the food sector were examined. The analysis of the positive and negative aspects of vertical integration was introduced in our research. We have proved the necessity, feasibility and priority of agro-industrial integration. It has been proven that the formation and operation of food systems is a phenomenon that requires attention from the state, the wording of the official position of the state on this phenomenon and development of appropriate policy regulation of agro-food units. It requires the further research of theoretical and practical issues in this area. agro-food units, food industry, integration processes, vertical integration, transaction costs Ɉɞɟɪɠɚɧɨ 14.04.15

ɍȾɄ 339.101.541 ɘ.Ⱥ. Ȼɨɧɞɚɪ, ɞɨɰ., ɤɚɧɞ. ɷɤɨɧ. yɚɭɤ Ⱥ.ɋ. Ⱥɪɚɩɨɜ, ɤɚɧɞ. ɷɤɨɧ. ɧɚɭɤ Ʉɢɪɨɜɨɝɪɚɞɫɤɚɹ ɥɟɬɧɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ, ɝ. Ʉɢɪɨɜɨɝɪɚɞ, ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ

ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɧɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɭ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɨɜ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. ɮɨɧɞ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ, ɮɨɧɞ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɨɫɬ, ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɘ. Ⱥ. Ȼɨɧɞɚɪ, ɞɨɰ., ɤɚɧɞ. ɟɤɨɧ. ɧɚɭɤ, Ⱥ. ɋ. Ⱥɪɚɩɨɜ. ɤɚɧɞ. ɟɤɨɧ. ɧɚɭɤ Ʉɿɪɨɜɨɝɪɚɞɫɶɤɚ ɥɶɨɬɧɚ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɿɹ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɜɿɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ, ɦ. Ʉɿɪɨɜɨɝɪɚɞ, ɍɤɪɚʀɧɚ

ɇɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɮɨɧɞɭ ɧɚɝɪɨɦɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜ ɍ ɫɬɚɬɬɿ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɧɭɬɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɮɨɧɞɭ ɧɚɝɪɨɦɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɝɥɹɞɭ ɧɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɿɜɧɿ ɩɿɞɯɨɞɿɜ ɞɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɭ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɨɧɞɭ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɱɟɧɧɹ ɡ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿʀ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɬɟɦɩɿɜ ɪɨɡɲɢɪɟɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ. ɮɨɧɞ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɱɟɧɧɹ, ɮɨɧɞ ɜɿɞɲɤɨɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɪɨɡɲɢɪɟɧɟ ɜɿɞɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ, ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɟ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɹ, ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɿɹ

ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ. ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɜ ɧɟɦɚɥɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ. ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɣ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ___________ © ɘ.Ⱥ. Ȼɨɧɞɚɪ, Ⱥ.ɋ. Ⱥɪɚɩɨɜ, 2015

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ɇɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɩɪɚɰɿ Ʉɿɪɨɜɨɝɪɚɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ. ȿɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ, 2015, ɜɢɩ. 27

ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ, ɤɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɧɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɡɧɨɫɨɦ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ. Ʉ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɲɤɨɥɚɦɢ ɧɟ ɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɣ. ȼ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ, ɮɨɧɞɚ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɲɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɥɢɫɶ: ȼ. Ȼɚɤɚɣ [1], Ʌ. Ƚɨɪɨɞɹɧɫɶɤɚ [4], Ɏ. ȼɢɯɥɹɟɜ [3], ȼ. ɉɚɪɧɸɤ [8], Ⱥ. ɇ. Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɧɤɨ [7] ɢ ɞɪ. Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɨɧɧɨɣ, ɚ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ. ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ. ɐɟɥɶɸ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ, ɮɨɧɞɚ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ. ɂɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. Ɉ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɥɢ ɫɜɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ 2-ɯ ɜɟɤɨɜ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚɯ ɤ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹɯ ɩɨɥɢɬɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɦ ɢɦɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ. Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɭɤɪɚɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɜɫɬɭɩɢɥɨ ɧɚ ɩɭɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɝɨ, ɚ ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɱɟɪɬɚɦɢ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɬ.ɧ. "ɦɚɪɤɫɢɫɬɫɤɨɣ" ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɤɨɣ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɢ. Ɋɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ – ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɯ. Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ, ɢ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɫɬɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɫ "ɨɞɧɨɣ" ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫ "ɞɪɭɝɨɣ" ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɦɵ ɜɢɞɢɦ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɢɹɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ? Ⱥɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɮɨɧɞ, ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ "ɡɚɩɢɫɶ" ɜ ɪɟɟɫɬɪɚɯ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɚɝɚɟɦɭɸ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ [1, 2, 3]. Ɋɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɜ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ, ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɮɨɧɞ ɧɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ. ɂ ɷɬɨ ɮɚɤɬ. Ʉ ɱɟɦɭ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɥ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɣ [4, 5, 6]. ȼ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɢɬɨɝɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɧɵ ɧɟɞɨɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɤɨɥɨɫɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɭɦɦɵ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ, ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɱɟɬɚ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ. Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɦɫɹ ɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ, ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ Ʉ.Ɇɚɪɤɫɨɦ: "ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ, ɢɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ" [6, c.592]. ȼɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ: ɧɟɭɠɟɥɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ "ɭɤɪɚɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɢɫɬ" ɡɚɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ. Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨ ɧɟɬ. Ɉɧ (ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɢɫɬ) ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɟ ɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ

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ɇɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɩɪɚɰɿ Ʉɿɪɨɜɨɝɪɚɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ. ȿɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ, 2015, ɜɢɩ. 27

"ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ" ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ, ɧɨ ɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɜɟɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɭ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɮɨɧɞɵ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢ, ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɜɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ. ȼ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ "ɩɪɹɦɵɟ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɢ". Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɜɫɟɣ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɧɚ ɮɨɧɞ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɫɩɨɪɢɦɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɦ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɥ Ʉ. Ɇɚɪɤɫ: "Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬ ɫɚɦɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ - ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ, ɧɚɺɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ, - ɬɚɤ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ, ɢɥɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ, ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ: ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɸɫɟ, ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɚɺɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ" [6, ɫ. 627-628]. ȼɵɜɨɞ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɤɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɵɫɥɢ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ, ɬ.ɤ. ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɧɟ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ. Ⱦɨɛɚɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ ɫ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɧɟ ɢɡ ɬ.ɧ. "ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɯ" ɫɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɢɣ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɢɫɬɚ, ɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ, ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ, ɫɱɢɬɚɥɨɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ [7, c.101]. Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ - ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ. ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɨɱɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɮɨɧɞ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ, ɧɚ ɷɬɨ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɥ Ʉ. Ɇɚɪɤɫ: "Ɍɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ, ɚ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ, ɷɬɚ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ, ɜɨɡɦɟɳɚɸɳɚɹ ɢɡɧɨɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɮɨɧɞ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɬɟɦ, ɤɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬ, ɞɥɹ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɟɥɨ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ (ɢɥɢ ɠɟ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ), ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɢɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɜɵɱɟɬɚ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ" [6, ɫ. 678-678]. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ, ɞɚɥɟɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɤ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ "Ɍɚɤɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɬɟɯ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɹɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɭ ɬɟɯ ɧɚɰɢɣ, ɝɞɟ ɧɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ" [6, ɫ. 681]. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɩɭɧɤɬ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɞ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ, ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɦɨɧɬ, ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ, ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ, Ʉ. Ɇɚɪɤɫ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɥ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ - ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ "ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ". Ⱥ ɷɬɨ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ ɬ.ɧ. ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɟɺ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ, ɚ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɟɺ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɚɜɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɨɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ.

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ɇɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɩɪɚɰɿ Ʉɿɪɨɜɨɝɪɚɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ. ȿɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ, 2015, ɜɢɩ. 27

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɨɜ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɢɯ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ, ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɢ ɨɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ. Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɜɟɫɶ ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɮɨɧɞ (ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɨɬɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɱɟɬɚ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ). ȼ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɧɚɤɨɩɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɭɦɦɨɣ ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɭɦɦɨɣ ɜɵɛɵɜɲɢɯ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɸ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɹɳɢɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɦɨɧɬ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ 6080ɯ ɝɨɞɚɯ ɜ ɋɋɋɊ ɢɦɟɥɚɫɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ 60 ɞɨ 80% ɜɫɟɯ ɨɬɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɪɟɧɨɜɚɰɢɸ [7]. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ. ɉɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɭɫɬɚɜɧɵɣ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ - ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. Ʉ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ: ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɚ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ, ɷɦɢɫɫɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɯɨɞɚ (ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɧɨɣ ɰɟɧɵ ɚɤɰɢɣ ɧɚɞ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ), ɛɟɡɜɨɡɦɟɡɞɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɰɟɥɢ. Ɉɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɦɦ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɜɵɹɜɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɨɰɟɧɤɢ, ɧɚ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɛɵɬɤɨɜ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɯ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɛɟɡɜɨɡɦɟɡɞɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦ ɢ ɥɢɰɚɦ, ɧɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ, ɧɚ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɛɵɬɤɚ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɡɚ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɝɨɞ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɯɨɞɵ ɨɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɜɵɪɭɱɤɢ ɨɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɜɚɥɸɬɧɵɣ (ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɸ) ɫɱɟɬ. ȼɵɪɭɱɤɚ ɠɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ, ɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɨɤ, ɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ (ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɭɫɥɭɝ). Ⱥɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɜɵɪɭɱɤɢ ɨɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɮɨɧɞ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ (ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ) ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ. ȼɚɠɧɟɣɲɚɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ - ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɯ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ. ɑɟɪɟɡ ɧɢɯ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɢ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɚ, ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɫ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɨɦ, ɛɚɧɤɚɦɢ. Ⱦɟɧɟɠɧɵɟ ɮɨɧɞɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɹɬɶ ɝɪɭɩɩ [8]: - ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ - ɮɨɧɞɵ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ – (ɭɫɬɚɜɧɵɣ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ, ɞɨɛɚɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ, ɪɟɡɟɪɜɧɵɣ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ, ɮɨɧɞ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɣ, ɰɟɥɟɜɵɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ, ɧɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ, ɩɪɨɱɢɟ); - ɜɬɨɪɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ - ɮɨɧɞɵ ɡɚɟɦɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ – (ɤɪɟɞɢɬɵ ɛɚɧɤɨɜ, ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɵ, ɮɚɤɬɨɪɢɧɝ, ɥɢɡɢɧɝ, ɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɪɵ, ɩɪɨɱɢɟ); - ɬɪɟɬɶɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ - ɮɨɧɞɵ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ – (ɮɨɧɞɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɩɨ ɞɢɜɢɞɟɧɞɚɦ, ɞɨɯɨɞɵ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ, ɪɟɡɟɪɜɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɹɳɢɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɣ); - ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ - ɮɨɧɞɵ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ, (ɜɧɟɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɵɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɵ (ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ - ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɡɚɟɦɧɵɟ), ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɵɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɵ (ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ - ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɤɪɟɞɢɬ, ɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɪɫɤɚɹ ɡɚɞɨɥɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ,

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ɇɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɩɪɚɰɿ Ʉɿɪɨɜɨɝɪɚɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ. ȿɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ, 2015, ɜɢɩ. 27

ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɟ), ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɮɨɧɞ (ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ - ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ, ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɮɨɧɞ, ɡɚɟɦɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ), ɜɚɥɸɬɧɵɣ ɮɨɧɞ (ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ - ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɡɚɟɦɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ), ɩɪɨɱɢɟ); - ɩɹɬɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ - ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɟ ɮɨɧɞɵ – (ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɵ ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɵ, ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɵ ɞɢɜɢɞɟɧɞɨɜ, ɞɥɹ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɣ ɜ ɛɸɞɠɟɬ, ɩɪɨɱɢɟ) Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɯɨɬɟɥɨɫɶ ɛɵ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɪɟɬɶɟ ɢ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ. Ɍɪɟɬɶɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɯ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ - ɮɨɧɞɵ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɮɨɧɞɵ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɞɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ: ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɷɬɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ - ɨɧɢ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚɦ (ɞɢɜɢɞɟɧɞɵ ɢ ɮɨɧɞ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ). ɉɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬ ɢɯ ɞɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɵ: ɜɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɜ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɨɧɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ V ɩɚɫɫɢɜɚ, ɬ.ɟ. ɫɪɟɞɢ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ; ɜɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɩɪɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɨɧɢ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. Ɏɨɧɞ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ - ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɣ ɮɨɧɞ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɱɢɫɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɧɚ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɭ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ: ɬɟɦɩɵ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɲɟ ɬɟɦɩɨɜ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɧɭɸ ɩɥɚɬɭ ɑɟɬɜɟɪɬɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɯ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ (ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ) - ɷɬɨ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɟ ɮɨɧɞɵ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɪɹɞ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ. ȼɧɟɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɵɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɱɚɫɬɹɦɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. Ⱦɟɧɟɠɧɵɟ ɮɨɧɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɸɬ, ɤɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ, ɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɝɥɚɜɚɯ. ɂɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɮɨɧɞ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɣ ɮɨɧɞ, ɤɚɤ ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ, ɚ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ. ɂɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɮɨɧɞ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. ȼ ɧɟɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ: x ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɮɨɧɞ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ; x ɮɨɧɞ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɣ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɨɬɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ; x ɡɚɟɦɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ. Ɋɨɥɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɚ, ɉɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɨ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ. ɗɬɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɱɢɫɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɟɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɭ ɞɢɜɢɞɟɧɞɨɜ ɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɬ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ, ɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɜɵɩɥɚɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɱɢɫɬɚɹ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɭɫɬɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɨ ɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɸ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ. ɂɡ ɧɟɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ: ɪɟɡɟɪɜɧɵɣ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɵ, ɮɨɧɞ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ, ɮɨɧɞ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɧɵɣ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɭɛɵɬɤɨɜ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ, ɜɵɩɥɚɬɵ ɞɢɜɢɞɟɧɞɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ. ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. Ʉ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɵ ɩɨɞ ɨɛɟɫɰɟɧɟɧɢɟ

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ɇɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɩɪɚɰɿ Ʉɿɪɨɜɨɝɪɚɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ. ȿɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ, 2015, ɜɢɩ. 27

ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɰɟɧɧɵɟ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ, ɜɵɤɭɩɧɨɣ ɮɨɧɞ, ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɮɨɧɞ ɢ ɞɪ., ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɜ ȺɈ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɥɢɝɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɜɵɤɭɩɚ ɚɤɰɢɣ. Ɏɨɧɞ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ - ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. ɂɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦɢ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ. Ɏɨɧɞ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ – ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɧɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɭɠɞɵ, ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ, ɟɞɢɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɨɳɪɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɜɵɩɥɚɬɵ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. Ɉɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ - ɧɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɭɸ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. ɐɟɥɟɜɨɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ – ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɷɬɢ ɰɟɥɢ ɨɬ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ. ɋɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɢɡ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚ, ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɵɯ ɢ ɦɟɠɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɵɯ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɨɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɜɚɥɸɬɧɵɣ ɮɨɧɞ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɟɣ ɜɚɥɸɬɧɨɣ ɜɵɪɭɱɤɢ, ɱɚɫɬɶ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɧɨ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɨ ɩɪɨɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɭ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɮɨɧɞɵ: ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɵ ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɵ, ɞɥɹ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɣ ɜ ɛɸɞɠɟɬ ɢ ɞɪ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɲɚɝɨɜ ɤ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɦ ɨɬɤɚɡ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɧɚɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɨɬɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɱɟɬɚ, ɜ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɬɚɤɨɟ "ɧɨɜɲɟɫɬɜɨ" ɩɨɜɥɟɱɟɬ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɇɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɚ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɨ ɜɵɡɨɜɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɧɭɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɦɚɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɚɧɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɞɚɱɢ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɥɶɝɨɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɜ ɫɬɪɨɝɨɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɨɛɴɺɦɨɦ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼɵɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. ȼ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɨɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ. ɇɟ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɟ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɣ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ - ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɨɫɬɟ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɭɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ. ɗɬɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɜɨɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɬɟɧɟɜɚɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ ɢ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɣ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ ɜ ɧɟɺ; (ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɵɜɟɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɡɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɭ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɢɯ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɵ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɪɢɫɤɚɦ).

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ɇɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɩɪɚɰɿ Ʉɿɪɨɜɨɝɪɚɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ. ȿɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ, 2015, ɜɢɩ. 27

ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ 1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Ȼɚɤɚɣ ȼ.Ƀ. Ⱥɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɿɣɧɚ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɚ ɬɚ ɨɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɢɯ ɮɨɧɞɿɜ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɦɢɫɥɨɜɢɯ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚɯ : ɚɜɬɨɪɟɮ. ɞɢɫ. ɧɚ ɡɞɨɛɭɬɬɹ ɧɚɭɤ. ɫɬɭɩɟɧɹ ɤɚɧɞ. ɟɤɨɧ. ɧɚɭɤ : ɫɩɟɰ. 08.06.01 [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ȼ.Ƀ. Ȼɚɤɚɣ. – ɏɦɟɥɶɧɢɰɶɤ, 2006. - 20 ɫ. Ƚɨɪɨɞɹɧɫɶɤɚ Ʌ.ȼ. Ɉɛɥɿɤ ɿ ɚɧɚɥɿɡ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɿʀ : ɚɜɬɨɪɟɮ. ɞɢɫ. ɧɚ ɚɜɬɨɪɟɮ. ɞɢɫ. ɧɚ ɡɞɨɛɭɬɬɹ ɧɚɭɤ. ɫɬɭɩɟɧɹ ɤɚɧɞ. ɟɤɨɧ. ɧɚɭɤ : ɫɩɟɰ. 08.06.04 / Ʌ.ȼ. Ƚɨɪɨɞɹɧɫɶɤɚ. – Ʉ.– 2005. – 19 ɫ. ȼɢɯɥɹɟɜ Ⱥ.ȼ. ȼɚɠɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ / Ⱥ.ȼ. ȼɢɯɥɹɟɜ // ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ. - 1967.– ʋ2. – ɋ 122 Ƚɨɪɨɞɹɧɫɶɤɚ Ʌ.ȼ. ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɨ-ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɿɡ ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɿʀ: ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɦɢ ɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɤɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ / Ʌ.ȼ. Ƚɨɪɨɞɹɧɫɶɤɚ // ɇɚɭɤɨɜɢɣ ɜɿɫɧɢɤ ȼɨɥɢɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ ɿɦɟɧɿ Ʌɟɫɿ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɤɢ. – 2004. – ʋ 5. – ɋ. 118 – 128. Ƚɨɥɨɜ ɋ. Ⱦɢɫɤɭɫɿɣɧɿ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɿʀ / ɋ. Ƚɨɥɨɜ // Ȼɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɶɤɢɣ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɿ ɚɭɞɢɬ. – 2005. – ʋ 5. – ɋ. 2-7. Ɇɚɪɤɫ Ʉ. Ʉɚɩɢɬɚɥ / Ʉ. Ɇɚɪɤɫ, Ɏ. ɗɧɝɟɥɶɫ // Ɇ., 1960. – ɢɡɞ.2, ɬ. 23, – ɱ.1. – ɋ. 592. Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɧɤɨ ɇ.Ⱥ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɭɞɚ, ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɨɥɯɨɡɚɯ / ɇ.Ⱥ. Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɧɤɨ. - ɂɡɞ.-ɜɨ ɅȽɍ, 1964. – 151 ɫ. ɉɚɪɧɸɤ ȼ.Ɉ. ɉɪɨ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɪɨɥɿ ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɿʀ ɹɤ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɿɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɿɣ ɿ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɩɨɩɢɬɭ ɬɚ ɩɪɨɩɨɡɢɰɿʀ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɯ ɡɚɫɨɛɿɜ / ȼ.Ɉ.ɉɚɪɧɸɤ // Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɿ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɢ. – 2007. – ʋ5. – ɋ. 166 – 172. ɉ(ɋ)ȻɈ 7 «Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɡɚɫɨɛɢ», ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɨ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɦ ɆɎɍ ɜɿɞ 18.05.2001ɪ. ʋ 288/4509 (ɡɿ ɡɦɿɧɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɞɨɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹɦɢ) [ȿɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɭ: http://www.rada.gov.ua.

References 1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8.

9.

Bakaj, V.J. (2006). Amortyzatsijna polityka ta onovlennia osnovnykh fondiv na promyslovykh pidpryiemstvakh [Depreciation policy and the renewal of fixed assets in industrial enterprises]. Extended abstract of candidate's thesis. Khmelnitsky [in Ukrainian]. Horodians'ka, L.V. (2005) Oblik i analiz narakhuvannia ta vykorystannia amortyzatsii [Accounting and analysis of depreciation charges and usage]. Extended abstract of candidate's thesis. Kyiv [in Ukrainian]. Vykhliaev, A.V. (1967). Vazhlevi dzherele rozshyrenogo vidtvorennya [Important source of expanded reproduction]. Ekonomichni nauky - Economic scienc, 2, 122 [in Ukrainian]. Horodians'ka, L.V. (2004). Statystychno-ekonomichnuy analiz amortyzacii: naraxyvannya ekonomichnymy i podatkovymy metodamy ta napryamamy vykorystannya pidpryemstvamy ykrainy [Statistical and economic analysis of depreciation: charge for economic and tax methods and areas of use by enterprises of Ukraine]. Naukovyj visnyk Volyns'koho derzhavnoho universytetu imeni Lesi Ukrainky Science. Bulletin of Volyn state University named after Lesya Ukrainka, 5, 118 – 128 [in Ukrainian]. Holov, V. (2005). Dyskusijni pytannia amortyzatsii [Discussion questions in depreciation]. Bukhhalters'kyj oblik i audyt - Accounting and audit, 5, 2-7 [in Ukrainian]. Marks, K., & Enhel's, F. (1964). Capital. (Vol. 23), (2d. ed.). Moscow [in Ukrainian]. Moiseienko, N.A. (1964). Produktyvnist' pratsi, nahromadzhennia i spozhyvannia v kolhospakh [Productivity, accumulation and consumption in farms]. Leningrad: Leningrad state University [in Ukrainian]. Parniuk, V.O. (2007). Pro pidvyschennia roli amortyzatsii iak dzherela investytsij i rehuliatora popytu ta propozytsii osnovnykh zasobiv [The role of depreciation as a source of investments and regulator of supply and demand of fixed assets]. Aktual'ni problemy ekonomiky - Actual problems of economy, 5, 166 - 172 [in Ukrainian]. P(S)BO 7 «Osnovni zasoby» [P(C)BU 7 "Fixed assets"]. (2001). rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from: http://www.rada.gov.ua. [in Ukrainian].

Yulia Bondar, Associate Professor, PhD in Economics (Candidate of Economic Sciences) Alexey Arapov, PhD in Economics (Candidate of Economic Sciences) Kirovohrad Flight Academy of National Aviation University, Kirovohrad, Ukraine

Necessity of Formation of the Accumulation Fund for Enterprises The article considers the problem of formation of the accumulation fund for businesses. Improving the efficiency of production complexes at the present stage of development of the domestic economy largely depends on the process of formation of the company accumulation fund. The value of this fund depends on evidence-based norms of redistribution of sales of surplus value. Determination of the optimal proportions of such distribution represents an important scientific and practical problem. However, today, there is no direct

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ɇɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɩɪɚɰɿ Ʉɿɪɨɜɨɝɪɚɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ. ȿɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ, 2015, ɜɢɩ. 27 relationship between accumulated depreciation and formation of the respective funds accumulation and compensation. Unfortunately, this problem of domestic economic schools is overlooked and this is what determines the relevance of the research objectives. The necessity of revision at the state level approaches to the formation of the enterprises of various forms of ownership accumulation fund with the aim of boosting economic growth by increasing the rate of expanded reproduction. accumulation fund, compensation fund, expanded reproduction, growth, depreciation Ɉɞɟɪɠɚɧɨ 23.03.15

ɍȾɄ 338.45:246.87 Ɇ. Ɉ. ɑɭɩɪɿɧɚ, ɤɚɧɞ. ɟɤɨɧ. ɧɚɭɤ ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɢɣ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ «Ʉɉȱ», ɦ. Ʉɢʀɜ, ɍɤɪɚʀɧɚ

ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ ɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɲɤɨɞɢ ɧɚ ɲɥɹɯɭ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɚɥɨɤɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɦɢɫɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ Ɉɛʉɪɭɧɬɨɜɚɧɨ, ɳɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɩɪɨɦɢɫɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɽ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢɜɧɨɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɸ ɡɚɞɥɹ ɝɟɧɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɨɡɧɚɤ ɧɚɞɿɣɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ. ȼɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ, ɳɨ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɿʀ ɚɥɨɤɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɦɢɫɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɽ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɿɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɹɤ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɢɜɧɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɢɯ ɡɪɭɲɟɧɶ ɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɭɦɨɜɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɫɤɨɪɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɢɜɧɨʀ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ ɭ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɿ ɩɪɨɦɢɫɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɬɚ ɨɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɱɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ. Ɂɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɨ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɞɟɬɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɲɤɨɞ ɧɚ ɲɥɹɯɭ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɚɥɨɤɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɦɢɫɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ. ɩɪɨɦɢɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ, ɚɥɨɤɚɰɿɣɧɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɦɢɫɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ Ɇ. Ⱥ.ɑɭɩɪɢɧɚ, ɤɚɧɞ. ɷɤɨɧ. ɧɚɭɤ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ «Ʉɉɂ», ɝ. Ʉɢɟɜ, ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ

ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɭɬɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɚɥɨɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ Ɉɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɚɥɨɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɚɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɫɞɜɢɝɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ. Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɨ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɭɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɥɨɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɞɟɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ. ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ, ɚɥɨɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ

ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ. Ʉɥɸɱɨɜɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɬɚ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ʀʀ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɪɨɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɚ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɢɯ ɪɢɧɤɚɯ ɽ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɨɦ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ (ɋɉ) ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ. ɉɪɨɬɟ, ɰɟ ɧɚɣɫɤɥɚɞɧɿɲɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɜɢɪɿɲɟɧɢɦ ɛɟɡ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɧɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɿɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɨɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɭ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɢ. ȼɢɡɧɚɽɦɨ, ɳɨ ɫɚɦɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɿʀ ɚɥɨɤɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɦɢɫɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɫɬɜɨɪɸɽ ɩɟɪɟɞɭɦɨɜɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɫɤɨɪɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɢɜɧɨʀ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ ɭ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɿ ɩɪɨɦɢɫɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɬɚ ɨɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɱɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ. ___________ © Ɇ. Ɉ. ɑɭɩɪɿɧɚ, 2015

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