SALES BULLETIN

Oilfield Processing Measurement and Control Oil and Gas Separation

Only the measurement and flow experts at FMC Technologies can combine products, services and expertise to provide a wide range of highly accurate, well designed devices and systems required for efficient, state-of-the-art oilfield techniques used in today’s fast-paced, competitive industry.

MEASUREMENT SOLUTIONS

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Overview Proper separation design and function is a crucial component to a well-managed oilfield and is totally dependent on the types of wells within the field. Crude oil wells often produce raw natural gas referred to as associated gas. The gas can exist separately from the crude oil in the underground formation or can be dissolved in the crude oil. Dry gas wells typically produce only raw natural gas that does not contain any hydrocarbon liquids. Such gas is called non-associated gas. Condensate wells produce raw natural gas along with natural gas liquids (ethane, propane, butane and so on). Such gas is also non-associated gas and is often referred to as “wet gas.” The ideal separator is designed to divide the wellstream into liquid-free gas, gas-free liquid and produced water. Separator operating conditions will vary depending on wellstream fluid characteristics and flowing parameters. To achieve good, stable separation, the liquid level and gas-liquid interfaces should be controlled, along with temperature and pressure control. Once separation is completed, accurate measurement of the flowing streams (oil, gas and water) will account for the products produced by the wells. Selection of proper metering and control instrumentation is critical to the management of the separator and the accurate reporting of produced products. Within the oilfield, the three most common applications for separators are well testing, production and allocation. The most common types of separators used are horizontal and vertical two-phase, three-phase and two-phase cyclonetype seperators for well testing.

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Well Testing Accurate measurement and control of each component of a

This emphasizes the need for very accurate measurement with

multiphase production stream, prior to comingling for further

precise temperature and pressure control and interface

processing, is necessary for the effective management of oil

in order to ensure proper separation within the test vessel.

and gas production and asset allocation. A typical installation

Conventional two-phase, three-phase, compact two-phase or

is normally designed to handle testing for multiple producing wells with varying stream parameters and flowing conditions.

GLCC (Gas/Liquid Cyclonic Cylinder) separators can be used in well testing applications.

3 PHASE SEPARATOR THREE-Phase Separator

PC

High Level Switch

or

Temperature Transmitter

or Gas Turbine Meter

Pressure Transmitter

Inlet

Coriolis Flowmeter

INVALCO 4200

RATE

Gas Outlet GAS

Interface Transmitter

or

Back Pressure Valve

TOTAL

Interface Controller

or LC

OIL WATER

OIL

LC

Liquid Control Valve

or

or Liquid Turbine Meter

INVALCO 4200

TOTAL

RATE

Liquid Turbine Meter

Water Cut Probe

Mixer INVALCO 4200

TOTAL

Liquid Control Valve

Oil Outlet

RATE

TWO-Phase Cyclonic Cylinder

TWO-Phase Separator Gas Turbine Meter

Level Controller

Coriolis Flowmeter

Coriolis Flowmeter

Water Outlet

Level Transmitter

INVALCO 4200

TOTAL

PC

RATE

Coriolis Flowmeter or Coriolis Flowmeter Pressure Transmitter

Temperature Transmitter

GAS

Level Transmitter

Back Spring Loaded Pressure or Back Pressure Valve Valve

Gas Outlet

Temperature Transmitter

High Level Switch

GAS

High Level Switch

Inlet or

Level Controller

Block Valve

Inlet

EMULSION

LC

EMULSION

Level Transmitter

INVALCO 4200

Coriolis Flowmeter

TOTAL

RATE

Gas Control Valve

Water Cut Probe

Liquid Control Valve

Gas Outlet

Emulsion Outlet

(Optional)

Emulsion Outlet Coriolis or Liquid Flowmeter Turbine Meter

Liquid Control Valve

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Production Bulk production separation is extremely critical. In oil and gas processing, each process required for a given field has been designed to handle the expected reservoir conditions. The subsequent individual product streams coming from the bulk production separator need to be within a product range that the process can handle and pass on to the next process in the sequence. If the separator does not perform to expectations, there will be issues with every process in the sequence.

Therefore, it is essential that the separator be controlled to allow for precise liquid/gas separation and accurate productstream measurement. The importance of the bulk production separator system demands precise temperature, pressure and level interface devices. The metering devices must be capable of handling a wide range of product parameters and flow conditions while maintaining accuracy.

3 PHASE SEPARATOR - PRODUCTION

THREE-Phase Separator PC

or

Temperature Transmitter

High Level Switch

Coriolis Flowmeter or Gas Turbine Meter

Pressure Transmitter

Inlet

Interface or Controller LC

Water Outlet

Liquid Control Valve INVALCO 4200

TOTAL

RATE

Coriolis Flowmeter

or Liquid Turbine Meter

or Liquid Turbine Meter

INVALCO 4200

TOTAL

PC

RATE

or Coriolis Flowmeter Pressure Transmitter

GAS

Level Transmitter

Back Spring Loaded Pressure or Back Pressure Valve Valve

Gas Outlet

High Level Switch or

Level Controller

Inlet LC

EMULSION

INVALCO 4200

TOTAL

RATE

Emulsion Outlet Coriolis or Liquid Flowmeter Turbine Meter

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Gas Outlet

Liquid Control Valve

LC

OIL

Coriolis Flowmeter

TWO-Phase Separator

Temperature Transmitter

RATE

OIL WATER

Gas Turbine Meter

TOTAL

Level Transmitter or Level Controller

GAS Interface Transmitter

Back Pressure Valve

INVALCO 4200

Liquid Control Valve INVALCO 4200

TOTAL

RATE

Oil Outlet

Allocation allocation measurement must be capable of handling such a variety while also maintaining accuracy.

In allocation, a separator's function is similar to a test separator, because allocation measurement is used to determine what portion of the total production from a field can be attributed to each individual well or lease.

A heater treater is used as part of the oil production process and separates oil from water, along with any solids from the production stream, by using heat and retention time. The oil from the heater treater can be measured for allocation and transferred to oil storage for custody measurement.

Most fields have a wide variety of operating parameters and flow conditions, which demand precise temperature, pressure and level interface devices. The metering devices used in 3 PHASE SEPARATOR - ALLOCATION

THREE-Phase Separator PC

or

Coriolis Flowmeter E E

or

Interface Controller

Back Pressure Valve

INVALCO 4200

TOTAL

RATE

GAS Interface Transmitter

+ +

Inlet

Esc

or Gas Turbine Meter

Pressure Transmitter

- Esc -

Temperature Transmitter

High Level Switch

or Level Transmitter

Gas Outlet

Level Controller LC

OIL WATER

OIL

LC

Coriolis Flowmeter

SP Oil Outlet

INVALCO 4200

TOTAL

RATE

Water Outlet

or Liquid Control Valve

Coriolis or Flowmeter

Liquid Turbine Meter

Liquid Turbine Meter

Mixer

or

Sampler

PD Meter

INVALCO 4200

TOTAL

RATE

Water Cut Probe

Liquid Control Valve

HEATER TREATER HEATER TREATER

Liquiphant Vibronic Level Switch

or

High Level Switch

FUEL POT

PC

Out Gas

or Temperature Transmitter

or

OIL or

Gas Turbine Meter

Pressure Transmitter

Inlet

Interface Transmitter

Coriolis Flowmeter Back Pressure Valve

INVALCO 4200

TOTAL

RATE

GAS

Level or Transmitter

Gas Scrubber Valve

Gas Outlet

Liquid Drain Valve

Level Controller

Interface Controller

Gas In

Liquid Out WATER LC

LC

OIL Coriolis Flowmeter

Water Outlet

Coriolis Flowmeter

Liquid Control Valve INVALCO 4200

TOTAL

RATE

or Liquid Turbine Meter

or Liquid Turbine Meter

INVALCO 4200

TOTAL

RATE

Liquid Control Valve

or PD Meter

Oil Outlet

Fuel Pots are designed to remove free liquid from the instrument air/gas supply line used to control pneumatic devices. Sized properly, the fuel pot serves as a volume pot to assure the end devices have enough volume of supply to work properly at maximum consumption.

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Instruments Levelflex FMP51

Levelflex FMP55

Liquiphant FTL8x

Liquicap FMI51

Continuous Level

Interface Level

Level Switch

Capacitive Level

• Reliable measuring for changing medias

• Reliable measuring for interface with emulsion

• Overspill protection

• Units are precalibrated for conductive processes

• High availability

• High availability

• Continuously self-monitoring

• Integrated data memory

• Integrated data memory

• No calibration: quick, low-cost start-up

• Factory precalibrated

• Factory precalibrated

• Intuitive, menu-guided operating concept in national languages

• Intuitive, menu-guided operating concept in national languages

• No mechanically moving parts: no maintenance, no wear, long operating life

• Simple integration into control or asset management systems

• Simple integration into control or asset management systems

• Exact instrument and process diagnosis to assist fast decisions

• ATEX, IEC, EX, FM, CSA

Cerabar PMP71

¡TEMP TMT 162

TH13

Water Cut Probe and Monitor

Process Pressure

Temperature Transmitter

Temperature Sensors

Water Cut Probe and Monitor

• Used for process pressure monitoring up to SIL3, certified according to IEC 61508

• Dual input temperature field transmitter

• TH13 assembly in thermowells with spring loaded insert and enclosure

• High reliability in harsh environments due to dual compartment housing and compact electronics

• U.S. manufacturing of temperature components and complete assemblies, protection heat and insulating shields, ceramic fiber sheath protection

• Provides the highest possible sensitivity, resolution and accuracy for water content determination in crude oil and natural gas condensate

• Overload resistant and function monitored • Continuous modularity for differential pressure, hydrostatic and pressure

• Easy integration

• Extensive diagnostics functions

Deltabar PMD75

Deltabar FMD72

Differential Pressure

Electronic DP

• Reduce backwash and contamination by measuring pressure across debris filters

• Differential pressure measurement is often used to measure the level in pressurized and vacuum tanks

• Robust ceramic sensors can handle the toughest of applications

• Traditional differential pressure measurement using impulse lines and capillaries have issues such as icing up, clogging, leaky taps and dry/wet leg inconsistencies

• Overload resistant and function monitored

• All of these issues can lead to less accuracy, process safety risks and greater total cost of ownership • With the FMD72 Electronic DP systemall of these issues are eliminated

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Liquiline CM442

Analytics • Simple, easy to maintain measurement for detecting excess oil in water, and thus validate the operation of the separator • Memosens technology gives the user actual run time hours. This along with Sensor Check System can alert for extreme coating and planned maintenance verses reactionary

• Built-in DAT chip stores calibration data • Short measured value reaction time • Universal application • Fully insulated rod probe, for standard and extreme process conditions

• For water content up to 25% • Enhanced digital signal processing and full product temperature compensation

Flow Metering Technologies Promass 83F & F 100

Promass 83E & E 100

Coriolis Meter

Coriolis Meter

• Density calibration under process conditions < 0.0005 g/cc

• Density calibration under process conditions < 0.0005 g/cc

Positive Displacement (PD) Meter

• High accuracy even under varying, demanding process conditions

• High accuracy even under varying, demanding process conditions

• Streamlined flow path provides low pressure drop

• Superior zero stability

• Low cost of ownership

• Self-draining and compact low profile design

• Self-draining and compact low profile design

• Superior accuracy and measurement stability

• Application specific “Quick Setup” (83F)

• Application specific “Quick Setup” (83E)

• No electricity required

• Heartbeat Technology™ (HBT™) on-board diagnostics and verification tool (F 100)

• Heartbeat Technology™ (HBT™) on-board diagnostics and verification tool (E 100)

• HistoROM™ for event, configuration and data storage (F 100)

• HistoROM™ for event, configuration and data storage (E 100)

• Low friction ball bearings, fixed camtype timing, and rugged construction for sustained accuracy and long service life

INVALCO WH Series

Prowirl 72F

Turbine Meter

Vortex Meter

• INVALCO WH Oilfield Series Meter utilizes a rugged durable three-piece rotor/stator required for the extreme oil patch demands

• No zero-point drift (“lifetime” calibration)

• Wide flow, temperature, and pressure range • Superior accuracy

• High resistance to vibrations, temperature shocks and contaminated fluids • Optional meter body with integrated line size reduction

• Small in size and weight • Heavy duty stainless steel construction for durability and long service life

INVALCO 400 Series

• Ideal for temperature and pressure applications such as separators, heater treaters and free water knockouts

• Immune to paraffin build-up

Promag 55S

Smith Meter® SC13 Series

Positive Displacement (PD) Meter • Streamlined flow path provides low pressure drop • Superior accuracy and measurement stability • Immune to paraffin build-up • No electricity required • Low friction ball bearings, fixed camtype timing, and rugged construction for sustained accuracy and long service life

INVALCO 500 Series

Electromagnetic Meter • High resistance to abrasion thanks to industry-optimized linings and measuring electrodes • No pressure loss • Insensitive to vibration • Software options for: electrode cleaning, advanced diagnostics, calculation of mass flow and solids content

Back Pressure Valve • Maintains back pressure on vent lines from separators, treaters, dehydrators, compressor stations and gas gathering systems • Internal sensing line reduces the chance of blockage

• High degree of efficiency due to the modular device and operating concept

Flow Computer

INVALCO IMS 780

CT Series Flex Tube®

microFlow.net Liquid or Gas Flow Computer

Interface Management System

Displacer Type Level Controller

• Excellent sensitivity and repeatability

• Simple, reliable, and easy to maintain

• Non-fouling probe

• General purpose pilot enclosure is suitable for many exposed applications

• Sediment and water monitor input and NSV calculation Control Valve

Smith Meter® Model E3 & F4

• Automatically corrects volumes per API MPMS Chapter 11.1-2004 and many other tables • Temperature, pressure, and density compensation and averaging

• Convenient operator interface provides visual status indication and greatly reduced set-up time • Individually adjustable dual outputs with time delay

• All exhaust gas is vented inside and then to the atmosphere through a screened vent connection

• Soft plug for tight shutoff

• Network compatible

• Double port construction for maximum discharge rates

• Interfaces with Proline Coriolis meters

• Approved for use in hazardous locations

• Cover plate is gasketed and pressure guages are of corrosion-resistant materials

• Customizable report formats

• Probe length variations available

• Weather proof pilot enclosure

• Multi-level security access

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We put you first. And keep you ahead.

FMC Technologies Measurement Solutions, Inc. 500 North Sam Houston Parkway West, Suite 100 Houston, Texas 77067 USA P:+1 281.260.2190

www.fmctechnologies.com/measurementsolutions © 2014 FMC Technologies. All rights reserved.

SB0A016A6 Issue/Rev. 0.2 (3/14)

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