Oil spill scenarios - Greenland Kingdom of Denmark - Scenario selection and description The scenarios chosen for the US MOSPA workshop has been developed through an Oil Spill Contingency study based on the newly developed Marine Environmental Risk Assessment concerning the waters around Greenland (MERA). Five relevant leakage scenarios representing different vessel classes and fuel types were selected based on the results presented in the MERA report. Each scenario consists of a paired set-up, with one scenario located along the West coast as well as the same/similar scenario located along the East coast of Greenland. In total ten scenarios were modelled. Scenario locations were assessed based on ship traffic around Greenland in combination with sub segments defined by the Danish Maritime Authority’s water division, extends out to the Greenland Exclusive Economic zone. Vessel sizes, fuel volumes and fuel types were prepared, discussed and aligned with the Defence Command Denmark in order to represent realistic scenarios in connection with the MERA-project. The oil spill volume was calculated to be 65 % of the total fuel capacity aboard. The two chosen scenarios represent “worst case” scenarios because of the amount of oil in scenario 2 and the geographical location of scenario 5 (ecological/socioeconomic sensitive). The numbers 2 and 5 refers to the numbers in the Oil Spill Contingency study.

Oil spill scenarios - Greenland

Figure 1 Location of the ten oil spill scenarios. Seven scenarios are located outside and three

Oil spill scenarios - Greenland scenarios within the 3 nm-border.SET-UP

tanker

SCENARIO 2A – grounded product

Top: Illustration picture of a product tanker; Source: MarineTraffic.com (© photographer: Henk Noevers )

2a

Right: Position of scenario 2a

Description: A product tanker loaded with oil products (bunker oil) runs aground due to a navigation error while passing Greenland and starts to drift uncontrollably. The ship gets extensive bottom damage and gains a tear on 8 meters below the waterline on the port side. Double hull and 3 cargo tanks are damaged which are leaking fuel in a moderate outflow, resulting in a long release period. The ship is navigated out in open ocean, where the discharge continues. Scenario 2a Position: Segment: Vessel size:

52° 54' 47.385" W 63° 30' 40.587" N 10, outside 3 nm border 25000-49999 GT

Fuel capacity:

295 tons

Tank capacity

50000 tons (= 6 tanks)

Fuel type:

Bunker oil (IFO 380)

Spill size:

25192 tons

Spill duration: Modelling season:

2 days Summer season (Mar.-Aug.)

Oil spill scenarios - Greenland SET-UP SCENARIO 5A – collision of a cruise ship with ice

5a

Upper top: Illustration picture of a cruise ship category 1000024999 GT going into Disko Bay; Source: MarineTraffic.com (© photographer: Stein Åge Gresset) Right: Position of scenario 5a

Description: A cruise ship on its way into Disko Bay is holed when it collides with an ice floe. Weather conditions are difficult and the ship submerges partially.

Scenario 5a Position: Segment: Vessel size: Fuel capacity:

52° 2' 13.554" W 69° 1' 50.609" N 12, inside 3 nm border 10000-24999 GT 612 tons

Fuel type:

Bunker oil (IFO 380)

Spill size:

398 tons

Spill duration:

12 hours

Modelling season:

Summer (Jun.-Aug.)

OIL SPILL SCENARIO 2A - GREENLAND 1. Target Product Tanker (TMO) 2. Location 52° 54' 47.385"W - 63° 30' 40.587"N (Greenland west coast) Accident close to shore followed by leak offshore. 2.1. Location Conditions (typical) Limited ice coverage. Some icebergs/growlers. Wind can vary from nothing to very strong winds. Current south 1 KN. 2.2. Location Conditions (atypical) Extended ice coverage. Very strong winds combined with icebergs/growlers. Very low temperatures (sea/air (icing)). 2.3. Location (Exclusions/Timing) Icecoverage winter and early spring exclude navigation. 3. Threat Type Bunker oil (IFO 380) Parameter Oil density [kg/m3] Maximum water uptake [volume%] Viscosity, fresh oil (10 s-1) [cP] Pour Point, fresh oil (°C) Dispersible for viscosity < Not dispersible for viscosity >

IFO 380 1036 75 10000 (at 15 °C) 0 10000 25000

4. Volumetric Range Spill size 25192 tons. Extensive bottom damage. 8 meters tear below the waterline on the port side. Double hull and 3 cargo tanks are damaged which are leaking fuel in a moderate outflow, resulting in a long release period. Considered “worst case – but realistic” due to amount of leaking oil.

OIL SPILL SCENARIO 5A - GREENLAND 1. Target Cruise Ship (TMP) 2. Location 52° 2' 13.554"W - 69° 1' 50.609"N Accident close to shore in Disko Bay. 2.1. Location Conditions (typical) Limited ice coverage. Many icebergs/growlers. Wind can vary from nothing to very strong winds. Current 1 KN. 2.2. Location Conditions (atypical) Extended ice coverage. Extremely strong winds (Pitteraq) combined with icebergs/growlers. Very low temperatures (sea/air (icing)). 2.3. Location (Exclusions/Timing) Icecoverage winter and early spring exclude navigation. 3. Threat Type Bunker oil (IFO 380) Parameter Oil density [kg/m3] Maximum water uptake [volume%] Viscosity, fresh oil (10 s-1) [cP] Pour Point, fresh oil (°C) Dispersible for viscosity < Not dispersible for viscosity >

IFO 380 1036 75 10000 (at 15 °C) 0 10000 25000

4. Volumetric Range Spill size 398 tons. Bottom damage from collision with ice. Hull damaged resulting in release of fuel. Considered “worst case – but realistic” due to area sensitivity.