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CONTENTS

1 2 3

FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................... 3

4

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 5

5

1

Scope .............................................................................................................................. 6

6

2

Normative references ...................................................................................................... 6

7

3

Terms and definitions ...................................................................................................... 7

8

4

Environmental Conditions ................................................................................................ 9

5

General .............................................................................................................. 9 4.1 Configuration of the stationary ESS ................................................................................. 9

6

General .............................................................................................................. 9 5.1 Example system configuration using an electric power converter ....................... 9 5.2 Example system configuration without an electric power converter................... 10 5.3 Investigation before the installation of stationary ESS ................................................... 10

7

General ............................................................................................................ 10 6.1 Decision on the installation location and capacity of the stationary ESS ........... 11 6.2 Evaluation of the positive effects of introducing a stationary ESS ..................... 11 6.3 Coordination with other systems ...................................................................... 11 6.4 Performance Requirements ........................................................................................... 11

8

General requirements ...................................................................................... 11 Rating ............................................................................................. 11 7.1.1 System capability to conform with the specified duty cycle .............. 15 7.1.2 Short-time withstand current capability ........................................... 15 7.1.3 Calculation of efficiency .................................................................. 15 7.1.4 Temperature rise ............................................................................ 16 7.1.5 Control and protection functions ....................................................................... 16 7.2 Charge/discharge control functions ................................................. 16 7.2.1 Short circuit protection function ...................................................... 16 7.2.2 Earth-fault protection function ......................................................... 16 7.2.3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) ................................................................ 16 7.3 Failure conditions for the stationary ESS ......................................................... 17 7.4 Mechanical characteristics ............................................................................... 17 7.5 General .......................................................................................... 17 7.5.1 Earthing .......................................................................................... 17 7.5.2 Degree of protection ....................................................................... 18 7.5.3 Markings .......................................................................................................... 18 7.6 Rating plate .................................................................................... 18 7.6.1 Terminals of the main circuit ............................................................................ 18 7.7 Kinds of tests ................................................................................................................ 19

9

General ............................................................................................................ 19 8.1 Type test .......................................................................................................... 19 8.2 Routine test ..................................................................................................... 19 8.3 Site acceptance test ........................................................................................ 19 8.4 Implementation of test ...................................................................................... 19 8.5 Test categories ................................................................................................ 19 8.6 Tests ............................................................................................................................. 20

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47

7.1

9.1

Insulation test .................................................................................................. 20

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General .......................................................................................... 20 Insulation test for converter equipment and assemblies placed in a single enclosure ....................................................................... 21 Test voltage, separation, and creepage distance ............................ 21 9.1.3 Start and stop sequence test ........................................................................... 22 Test to check the operation of protection systems ............................................ 22 Charge/discharge characteristics test .............................................................. 22 Light load functional test .................................................................................. 22 Temperature rise test ....................................................................................... 22 General .......................................................................................... 22 9.6.1 Temperature of ambient air and coolant .......................................... 23 9.6.2 Noise measurement ......................................................................................... 24 EMC measurement .......................................................................................... 24 Harmonic measurement .................................................................. 24 9.8.1 (normative) Methods of Simulation and Measurement at the Site .......................... 25

Annex A

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72

General ............................................................................................................ 25 System design to use simulation software ........................................................ 25 Applicable simulation software ........................................................ 25 A.2.1 Input conditions for simulation ........................................................ 25 A.2.2 Evaluation of simulation results ...................................................... 26 A.2.3 How to validate the effect by temporarily installing an actual system ................ 27 A.3 General .......................................................................................... 27 A.3.1 Before installation ........................................................................... 27 A.3.2 After installation.............................................................................. 27 A.3.3 Bibliography .......................................................................................................................... 28

9.1.1 9.1.2

9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6

9.7 9.8

A.1 A.2

73 74

Figure 1 – Common system configuration of stationary ESS ................................................... 9

75

Figure 2 – Example system configuration using an electric power converter ......................... 10

76

Figure 3 – Example system configuration without an electric power converter ....................... 10

77

Figure 4 – Duty Cycle for Class I to Class III ......................................................................... 13

78

Figure 5 – Duty Cycle for Class IV to Class VI ...................................................................... 14

79

Figure 6 – Duty Cycle for Class VII to Class VIII ................................................................... 14

80

Figure 7 – Duty Cycle for Class IX ........................................................................................ 14

81 82

Table 1 – Duty cycle ............................................................................................................. 13

83

Table 2 – Criticality Level...................................................................................................... 17

84

Table 3 – List of Tests .......................................................................................................... 20

85

Table 4 – Insulation Level ..................................................................................................... 21

86

Table A.1 – Operation Data .................................................................................................. 25

87

Table A.2 – Rolling Stock Data ............................................................................................. 26

88

Table A.3 – Feed System Data ............................................................................................. 26

89

Table A.4 – Measurement Data ............................................................................................. 27

90 91 92

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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

____________

RAILWAY APPLICATIONS – FIXED INSTALLATIONS – STATIONARY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM FOR DC TRACTION SYSTEMS FOREWORD

103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136

1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and nongovernmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.

137 138

International Standard IEC XXXXX has been prepared by IEC technical committee 9: Electrical equipment and systems for railways.

139

The text of this standard is based on the following documents:

2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

FDIS

Report on voting

XX/XX/FDIS

XX/XX/RVD

140 141 142

Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table.

143

This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

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The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be

147

•

reconfirmed,

148

•

withdrawn,

149

•

replaced by a revised edition, or

150

•

amended.

151 152 153

The National Committees are requested to note that for this publication the stability date is 20XX.

154 155

THIS TEXT IS INCLUDED FOR THE INFORMATION OF THE NATIONAL COMMITTEES AND WILL BE DELETED AT THE PUBLICATION STAGE .

156

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INTRODUCTION

158 159 160 161 162

To save natural resources and counteract global warming, techniques to save energy and/or to improve environmental characteristics are drawing strong interest. In the railway industry, electric rail vehicles fitted with regenerative braking systems (regenerative trains) have been introduced, not only to save energy, but also to ease maintenance and to reduce the adverse effects of heat generated during braking (especially in tunnels) .

163 164 165 166 167 168

However, as more regenerative trains are introduced in DC electrified railway lines, their energy-saving effects tend to become lower than expected, because the DC power feeding system becomes less receptive to regenerated power. Among the emerging technologies to improve receptivity is the stationary energy storage systems (ESS). A stationary ESS charges regenerative energy when the feeding system is unreceptive and stores it for use at a later time.

169 170 171 172

International Standards for the stationary ESS have not been issued. Before the ESS become widely used, international standardisation of the basic system structure and measurement method for efficiency, etc. will serve as a guideline for users and manufacturers who want to introduce ESS.

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174 175 176 177 178 179 180

1

Scope

181 182 183 184

This International Standard specifies the requirements and test methods for an energy storage system to be used in a feeding system of a DC electrified railway. This system can take electrical energy from the DC feeding network, store the energy, and supply the energy back to the DC feeding network when necessary.

185

This system may be installed to achieve one or more of the following objectives:

186

–

Absorption of regenerative energy;

187

–

Effective use of regenerative energy (saving energy);

188

–

Reduction of rolling stock maintenance (reduction of brake shoe wear, etc.);

189

–

Avoidance of adverse effects of heat generated during braking (e.g., in tunnels, etc.);

190

–

Power compensation;

191

–

Compensation of line voltage;

192

–

Reduction of peak power;

193

–

Reduction in the requirement of the rectifier ratings.

194 195

However, systems that are used exclusively for one or more of the following functions are outside the scope of this standard:

196 197

–

Reverse transmission of regenerated power to the upstream supply system (e.g. inverting or reversible substations);

198 199

–

Use of the regenerated energy for purposes other than the running of trains, such as for station facilities, etc.;

200

–

Resistive consumption of regenerated power.

201 202

Although, it is assumed that the system uses the following typical energy storage technologies, this standard shall also apply to other existing or future technologies:

203

–

Batteries (e.g. Lithium-ion, Nickel metal hydride, etc.);

204

–

Capacitors (e.g. Electric Double Layer Capacitors, Lithium-ion Capacitors, etc.);

205

–

Flywheels.

206

2

Normative references

207 208 209 210

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

211 212

IEC 60050-551:1998, Electronics

213 214

IEC 60050-881:1991, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 811: Electric Traction

International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 551: Power

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IEC 60146 (all parts), Semiconductor converters

216

IEC 62590, Railway applications – Electronic power converters for substations

217

IEC 60529:1989, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)

218

IEC 60850,

219 220

IEC 61000-2-4:2002, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 2-4: Environment – Compatibility levels in industrial plants for low-frequency conducted disturbances

221 222 223

IEC 61000-2-12:2003, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 2-12: Environment – Compatibility levels for low frequency conducted disturbances and signaling in public mediumvoltage power supply systems

224

IEC 62236 (all parts), Railway applications – Electromagnetic compatibility

225 226

IEC 62497-1, Railway applications – Insulation coordination – Part 1: Basic requirements – Clearances and creepage distances for all electrical and electronic equipment

227 228 229

IEC 61992-7-1, Railway applications – Fixed installations – DC switchgear – Part 7-1: Measurement, control and protection devices for specific use in d.c. traction systems – Application guide – Railway applications – Insulation coordination –

230

IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)

231

IEC 61936-1, Power installations exceeding 1 kV a.c. – Part 1: Common rules

232

3

233 234

For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60076-1 and IEC 60050-551 and the following apply.

235 236 237 238

3.1 energy storage system (ESS) A system that can take electrical energy from the DC feeding network, store the energy, and supply the energy back to the DC feeding network when necessary

239 240

3.2 Regenerative braking

241

[IEV 811-06-25]

242 243 244 245

3.3 Regenerative energy The electric energy that is supplied from rolling stock to the overhead lines when power is generated by regenerative braking

246 247 248

3.4 Regenerative power The power supplied to the overhead lines when power is generated by regenerative braking

249 250 251

3.5 Energy storage unit (ESU) A device to/from which electrical energy is charged and discharged

Railway applications – Supply voltages of traction systems

Terms and definitions

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3.6 Electronic power converter A system comprised of one or more semiconductor device assemblies and capable of converting electric power

256

[IEV 551-12-01 MOD]

257 258 259 260

3.7 Charge-discharge characteristics The characteristics of current and voltage during charging and discharging when the electric power converter or the ESU is operated according to the required duty cycle

261 262 263

3.8 Duty cycle The time pattern of power supplied to the electric power converter or the ESU

264 265 266 267

3.9 Short-time withstand current capability The capability to deliver current for a specified short period of time under specified usage and operating conditions

268 269 270 271

3.10 Conventional efficiency The efficiency calculated based on the rated capacity and implementation loss (i.e., during charging and discharging)

272 273 274 275

3.11 Measured efficiency The efficiency calculated based on actual measurements of the charged electric energy and discharged electric energy to/from the device

276 277

3.12 Type test

278

[IEV 811-10-04]

279 280

3.13 Routine test

281

[IEV 811-10-05]

282 283 284 285 286 287

3.14 Site acceptance test A test conducted at the site for the device or system (in order to verify conformance to the performance requirements specified by this standard and/or other specifications). The test items to be covered shall be determined through discussion between the user and the manufacturer

288 289 290

3.15 System charge current the current flowing from the feeding system to the ESS

291 292 293

3.16 System discharge current the current flowing from the ESS to the feeding system

294 295 296

3.17 System charge power the power flowing from the feeding system to the ESS

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3.18 System discharge power the power flowing from the ESS to the feeding system

300

4

301

4.1

302

The environmental conditions specified in Subclause 2.2 of IEC 62590 shall be applied.

303

The electrical conditions of use specified in Subclause 2.3 of IEC 62590 shall be applied.

304

5

305

5.1

306 307

The stationary energy storage systems to which this International Standard is applicable shall have the common system configuration shown in Figure 1.

Environmental Conditions General

Configuration of Stationary Energy Storage Systems General

+

DC bus

ACTB

ESU

–

ESS

ACTB: Apparatus for Connecting the ESU To the DC Bus

308 309

Figure 1 – Common system configuration of stationary ESS

310 311 312 313

In Figure 1, ESU may be of any available storage technology, such as Lithium-ion batteries, Nickel metal hydride batteries or EDLC (electric double layer capacitors). Also, in Figure 1, there may be a wide variety of the detailed configuration of what is marked as ACTB (apparatus for connecting the ESU to the DC bus).

314

The configuration of ESS shall be categorised into the following two:

315

1) System using an electric power converter in the ACTB; and

316

2) Directly connected system without an electric power converter in the ACTB.

317 318 319 320

To give an overview of how an ESS can be implemented, two example configurations are explained in more detail in the following Subclauses 5.2 and 5.3, representing categories 1) and 2), respectively. These examples are not meant to give constraints on the final architecture of the ESS.

321

5.2

322 323

Figure 2 shows an example system configuration in which a power converter and an ESU are combined.

324 325 326

In this configuration, the system charge and/or discharge currents can be controlled by the DC/DC converter. Also, many actual examples can be found in which no reactor L is used in the position as shown in Figure 2.

Example system configuration using an electric power converter

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+ DCCB

(L)

DC bus

CH

–

ESU (Li-ion battery)

DCCB: DC circuit breaker CH: Chopper L: DC reactor ESU: Energy storage unit

327

Figure 2 – Example system configuration using an electric power converter

328 329

5.3

Example system configuration without an electric power converter

330 331

Figure 3 shows an example system configuration in which an ESU is used without any electric power converter.

332 333 334 335

In this configuration, the ESS has no ability to control the system charge and/or discharge currents; they are determined by the voltage of the feeding system and the voltage and internal resistance of the ESU. Also, the DCCBs are used on both the positive and the negative side connections for improved safety. + (L) DC bus

–

DCCB

ESU (Nickel metal hydride battery)

DCCB: DC circuit breaker L: DC reactor ESU: Energy storage unit

336

Figure 3 – Example system configuration without an electric power converter

337 338

6

Investigation before the installation of stationary ESS

339

6.1

340

The major aspects of system design for a stationary ESS are as follows:

341

1)

Decision on the installation location and capacity of the ESS;

342

2)

Evaluation of the positive effects of introducing a ESS;

343

3)

Coordination with other systems;

344

4)

Other investigations.

General

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The design of the ESS and the feeding system to which the ESS is introduced shall be performed using the proven evaluation method. Unless otherwise agreed between the user and the manufacturer, a proven simulation tool shall be used to perform the evaluation.

348

6.2

349 350 351

In determining the optimum installation location and capacity of the stationary ESS, the charge and discharge characteristics of the ESU as well as the capacity and duty cycle defined in Subclauses 7.1.1.7 and 7.1.1.8 shall be fully considered.

352

The methods of simulation and measurement at the site are given in Annex A.

353 354

Note: It is also possible to make these decisions based on the actual measurement data obtained by temporarily installing an ESS at the site.

355

6.3

356 357

If any simulation tool is used to evaluate the positive effects of the introduction, the simulation results obtained in the simulation described in Subclause 6.2 shall be used.

358

The methods of simulation and measurement at the site are given in Annex A.

359 360

Note: It is also possible to perform these evaluations based on the actual measurement data obtained by temporarily installing an ESS at the site.

361

6.4

362 363 364 365

Upon evaluating the harmonic content in the system charge/discharge current and its effects on other systems, especially the signalling and/or communication systems, an effective simulation tool shall be used to simulate and verify the effects before starting to manufacture the ESS unless otherwise agreed between the user and the manufacturer.

366 367

It is also permitted to perform these evaluations using the actual measurement data obtained by operating an ESS.

368 369

The manufacturer shall request the user to specify the frequency band that might adversely affect their signalling and/or communication systems.

370

7

371

7.1

372

7.1.1

373

7.1.1.1

374 375 376 377

The rated values of the ESS are the values determined in the system design such that the system can deliver the output without exceeding any specified limit values, including those of the parts used, or without causing any damage, when the system is operated under the specified operating conditions.

378 379

Unless otherwise specified, any rated value shall be indicated on the rating plate according to Subclause 7.6.1.

380

7.1.1.2

381 382 383

The rated system voltage shall be U max1 as specified in IEC 60850. If any other value is to be selected as the rated system voltage in order to select an optimum capacity, the details shall be discussed and agreed between the user and the manufacturer.

Decision on the installation location and capacity of the stationary ESS

Evaluation of the positive effects of introducing a stationary ESS

Coordination with other systems

Performance Requirements General requirements Rating General

Rated system voltage

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7.1.1.3

385

The rated system charge current is defined as the maximum system charge current.

386

7.1.1.4

387

The rated system discharge current is defined as the maximum system discharge current.

388

7.1.1.5

389 390

The rated system charge power is defined as the product of the rated system voltage defined in Subclause 7.1.1.2 and the rated system charge current defined in Subclause 7.1.1.3.

391

7.1.1.6

392 393 394

The rated system discharge power is defined as the product of the rated system voltage defined in Subclause 7.1.1.2 and the rated system discharge current defined in Subclause 7.1.1.4.

395

7.1.1.7

396 397 398

The system shall be specified with the applicable duty cycle of operation, based upon which the charging and discharging operations shall be performed. Upon agreement between the user and the manufacturer, one of the duty cycle patterns shown in Table 1 shall be applied.

399 400 401

Any rated duty cycle pattern other than those specified in Table 1 can be used upon agreement between the user and the manufacturer. In this case, the agreed duty cycle pattern is regarded as a Special Rating and is denoted by "X".

402 403 404

The system charge/discharge power of 1 (p.u.) is the rated system charge/discharge power. The system charge/discharge power of 0,5 (p.u) is 50 % of the rated system charge/discharge power.

405 406 407 408

The cycle time in the table is for one charge/discharge cycle. The cycle time must be specified even if a Special Rating is used. Unless otherwise specified, the time period within a single cycle from the instant at which charging ends to the instant at which discharging starts shall be 10 seconds.

409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416

Rated system charge current

Rated system discharge current

Rated system charge power

Rated system discharge power

Duty cycle

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Table 1 – Duty cycle

417 Class I

Charge

Discharge

1 (p.u.), 10 sec.

1 (p.u.), 10 sec.

Cycle Time 180 sec.

Application APM/LRT Monorail

II

1 (p.u.), 15 sec.

1 (p.u.), 15 sec.

180 sec.

Subway (MRT)

III

1 (p.u.), 30 sec.

1 (p.u.), 30 sec.

300 sec.

Inter-city suburban rail

IV

1 (p.u.), 10 sec. +

0,5 (p.u.), 30 sec.

180 sec.

Steep slope section

0,5 (p.u.), 10 sec.

Subway (MRT) Monorail APM/LRT

V

1 (p.u.), 10 sec. +

0,5 (p.u.), 50 sec.

180 sec.

0,5 (p.u.), 30 sec.

Steep slope section

VI

1 (p.u.), 10 sec. +

VII

1 (p.u.) to 0 (p.u.), 30 sec.

0,5 (p.u.), 60 sec.

300 sec.

Inter-city suburban rail

0 (p.u.) to 0,5 (p.u.), 5 sec. +

180 sec.

APM/LRT

0,5 (p.u.), 40 sec.

Steep slope section

0,8 (p.u.), 10 sec. VIII

Inter-city suburban rail

1 (p.u.) to 0 (p.u.), 40 sec.

1 (p.u.) to 0,8 (p.u.), 10 sec. +

Monorail 300 sec.

Subway (MRT)

180 sec.

Subway (MRT)

0,8 (p.u.), 20 sec. IX

0,2 (p.u.), 10 sec.

0.2 (p.u.), 20 sec. +

+ 1 (p.u.), 10 sec.

0,6 (p.u.), 10 sec. +

Monorail

+ 0,2 (p.u.), 10 sec.

0,2 (p.u.), 20 sec.

APM/LRT

418 (kW)

Charge

1 (p.u.)

(t)

0

1 (p.u.)

419 420

1 cycle

Discharge

Figure 4 – Duty Cycle for Class I to Class III

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(kW)

Charge

1 (p.u.) 0,5 (p.u.)

(t)

0 0,5 (p.u.) Discharge

1 cycle

421

Figure 5 – Duty Cycle for Class IV to Class VI

422 (kW)

Charge

1 (p.u.)

0

(t)

0,8 (p.u.) Discharge

1 cycle

423

Figure 6 – Duty Cycle for Class VII to Class VIII

424 (kW)

Charge

1 (p.u.)

0,2 (p.u.) (t)

0 0,2 (p.u.) 0,6 (p.u.) 1 cycle

425

Discharge

Figure 7 – Duty Cycle for Class IX

426 427

7.1.1.8

Rated storage capacity

428

The rated storage capacity is defined as the storage capacity of the ESU.

429 430

The capacity is given in kWh, and shall be specified together with the rated system charge/discharge power.

431

7.1.1.9

432 433

The rated charge/discharge capacity is defined as the maximum capacity that can be continuously charged or discharged within the rated storage capacity.

Rated charge/discharge capacity

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The capacity is given in kWh, and shall be specified together with the rated system charge/discharge power.

436

7.1.2

437 438

When the system is operated under the specified duty cycle condition, any specification limit including that of the parts used shall not be exceeded and no damage shall occur.

439

Note:

440

7.1.3

441

The manufacturer shall describe the short-time withstand current capability of the system.

442 443 444

Unless otherwise agreed upon between the user and the manufacturer, the manufacturer shall describe the short-time withstand current capability of the system for the following short circuit conditions:

445

–

After the system has been continuously operated at the basic current I Bd , and;

446

–

Short circuit period of 0,15 seconds, and;

447

–

The factor of 1,6 between the sustained current and peak current.

448

Note:

449 450 451 452 453

Any controlled converters that have a current limiting characteristic are not required to have a short-time withstand current capability. Such converters must be provided with a protection device that can detect a short circuit condition in the switch system or feeder system, which may not be detectable by a standard DC feeder excess current protection device when limiting the current.

454

7.1.4

455 456

System capability to conform with the specified duty cycle

Tests that are related to this subclause are specified in Subclauses 9.4 and 9.6.

Short-time withstand current capability

Refer to Annex B of IEC 62589 for calculation of the short circuit current for a given application.

Calculation of efficiency

a) Conventional efficiency: The conventional efficiency is calculated using the following equation:

457

Conventional efficiency =

458

where,

459

PC

460 461 462

PC − ( PCP + PCD ) PD × × 100 % PC PD + ( PDP + PDD )

Rated system charge power

P CP Power loss at the converter during charge a) P CD Power loss at the ESU during charge Rated system discharge power PD

463 464

P DP Power loss at the converter during discharge a) P DD Power loss at the ESU during discharge

465 466 467

a) Not necessary to be considered for systems without electric power converters.

b) Measured efficiency: The measured efficiency shall be obtained for the specified single duty cycle. The measured efficiency is calculated using the following equation: d 0 +td − ∆t

468

469

Measured efficiency =

where,

∫d 0 PD (t )dt × 100 % c 0 +tc ∫c0 PC (t )dt

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470 471 472 473 474 475 476

P C (t) c0 tc P D (t) d0 td d0+td-∆t

477

7.1.5

478

7.1.5.1

479 480 481 482 483

The temperature of each semiconductor device used in the electric power converter shall not exceed the allowable maximum temperature specified by the manufacturer of the semiconductor device. The allowable upper limit temperature of any accessory or auxiliary equipment of the electric power converter shall comply with the specifications for the equipment.

484

7.1.5.2

485 486

The temperature of the ESU shall not exceed the allowable maximum temperature specified by the manufacturer of the ESU.

487

7.2

488

7.2.1

489 490

The charge and discharge control functions appropriate to the specific characteristics of the ESU shall be devised.

491

Proper protection shall be provided to prevent over-charging or over-discharging of the device.

492 493

The details of the charge and discharge control functions shall be in accordance with the agreement between the user and the manufacturer.

494

7.2.2

495

The ESS shall be provided with appropriate short circuit protection.

496

7.2.3

497

The ESS shall be provided with appropriate earth-fault protection.

498

7.3

499 500

The ESS shall comply with the immunity and emission requirements described in the IEC 62236 series of standards.

501

Any additional requirements shall be specified in the procurement specifications by the user.

502 503 504 505

If the routing of cables, including AC and DC power cables, auxiliary cables, control cables, and cables for filtering, is made by the user or any other third party, the instructions provided by the manufacturer of the ESS as well as the requirements specified in IEC 62236-5 shall be followed.

Power being charged within a single cycle period Time at which charging starts Duration of charging within a single cycle period Power being discharged within a single cycle period Time at which discharging starts Duration of discharging within a single cycle period Time within a single cycle period at which system SOC returns to original Temperature rise Temperature rise in the electric power converter

Temperature rise in the ESU

Control and protection functions Charge/discharge control functions

Short circuit protection function

Earth-fault protection function

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)

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506

7.4

Failure conditions for the stationary ESS

507 508 509

The manufacturer of the system shall present the design concept regarding the various failures that could occur in the system by indicating the immunity level given in Table 2, which shall be agreed upon with the user.

510 511 512 513

Such failures that could occur in the system shall include not only a single failure of individual system components but also other failures that could occur externally as well as outage of control power supply, such as due to interruption of the external power supply or lightning surge. In addition, combined failures of the above, as specified by the user, shall be included.

514 515 516

The system shall be constructed so as to indicate failures and to provide a control means when a failure occurs in the system according to the applicable immunity level as specified in Table 2.

517

Table 2 – Immunity Level Immunity Level

Consequence

Information and Control

R: Redundancy

No immediate consequence, full performance maintained

Warning signal

F: Functional

Degraded performance (e.g., reduced current-carrying capacity)

Warning signal or tripping signal

T: Tripping

Interruption of service due to protection devices

Tripping signal

D: Damage

Interruption of service due to damage

Tripping signal

518

7.5

Mechanical characteristics

519

7.5.1

520 521

The electric power converter may be either an enclosed-type unit or an open-type unit. Any frame or enclosure used must be made of metal.

522 523 524

The enclosures of the converter and the ESU shall be designed to enable safe and easy operation during normal use, inspection and maintenance services, parts replacement, earthing of cables or buses, and voltage tests.

525 526 527 528

The quality and grade of all materials used shall be optimum for operation under the specified conditions. Special attention shall be given to the capability to withstand moisture and fire. Unless the burning behavior class F0 of IEC 61936-1 is acceptable, the materials used must be made of metal or with self-extinguishing properties.

529

The materials shall be selected to minimize atmospheric corrosion and electrolytic corrosion.

530

7.5.2

531 532 533 534

To ensure safety during maintenance work, all parts of the main circuit for which access is required or provided shall be properly earthed. This requirement does not apply to any part that can be accessed only after it is separated from the enclosure by drawing out or removing it.

535 536

For the DC feeding systems, the method used to earth the enclosure or frame of the converter and ESU shall be specified by the user according to Subclause 6.5.8 of IEC 61992-7-1.

537 538

Note 1: In the case of DC feeding systems, the term "earthing" means connection to the earth or to the return circuit, according to the earthing requirements for the DC feeding system.

539 540

The metal portion of the enclosure or frame must be connected to an appropriate earthing terminal located at an accessible position, such that the terminal can be connected to the

General

Earthing

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541 542

main earthing system of the substation. The earthing terminals shall be properly protected from corrosion.

543

7.5.3

544

The user shall specify the degree of protection according to IEC 60529.

545 546

Inspection windows and ventilation holes of the enclosure shall be protected from entry of foreign objects, etc., at least according to the specified degree of protection.

547 548 549 550

Note 1: Unless otherwise agreed upon between the user and manufacturer, the degrees of protection for the enclosure of the converter shall apply to the doors and walls of the enclosure. Regarding specific requirements for the converter in relation to the cooling, AC and DC cables, and bus connection, IP 00 is considered the ordinary degrees of protection for the top and bottom parts of the enclosure.

551 552

Note 2: For converters that are installed indoors, a degree of protection will not normally be specified for intrusion of water.

553

7.6

554

7.6.1

555 556

Each converter unit to be delivered as an assembly as well as each assembly to be delivered individually shall include the following information on the rating plate:

557

a) Name of the manufacturer;

558

b) the number of this standard;

559

c) Type (defined by the manufacturer);

560

d) Serial number;

561

e) Rated system voltage;

562

f)

563

g) Rated system discharge current;

564

h) Rated system charge power;

565

i)

Rated system discharge power;

566

j)

Specification of load class or duty cycle;

567

k) Rated storage capacity;

568

l)

569

m) Short-time withstand current capability;

570

n) Output voltage range (if the output voltage is variable);

571

o) Cooling system

572

Other information to be provided when necessary:

573

p) Cooling conditions (temperature, flow rate of coolant);

574

q) Mass, mass of the coolant (if any);

575

r)

576

7.7

577

The input and output terminals of the main circuit shall indicate the DC polarity.

Degree of protection

Markings Rating plate

Rated system charge current;

Rated charge and discharge capacity;

Degree of protection (IP-Code). Terminals of the main circuit

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578

8

579

8.1

580

The categories of tests are as given in Table 3:

581

a)

Type test;

582

b)

Routine test;

583

c)

Site Acceptance test.

584 585 586 587

If the user requires the manufacturer to present test reports for these tests, or if it is necessary for the user to witness the tests, the test items and other details shall be determined through discussion between the user and the manufacturer before the implementation of the tests.

588

8.2

589 590

The type test is implemented in order to verify the ratings, characteristics, and performance of a newly developed system.

591 592

If the manufacturer has prepared a type test report that covers all the test items for a similar system, the type test may be omitted through an agreement with the user.

593

8.3

594 595

The routine test is implemented in order to verify that the actual characteristics of the product will conform to those measured in the corresponding type test.

596

8.4

597 598 599 600

The site acceptance test is implemented at the site for the device or system, in order to verify conformance to the performance requirements specified by this standard and/or other specifications. The test items to be covered will be determined through discussion between the user and the manufacturer.

601

8.5

602 603 604

1)

In principle, the tests shall be implemented at the manufacturing plant. If it is difficult to conduct the test at the manufacturing plant, the place of test shall be determined through discussion between the user and the manufacturer;

605 606 607 608

2)

Such systems as a semiconductor stack, electric power converter, reactor for a converter, ESU and semiconductor power converter are subject to type testing. After the performance has been verified in the type tests, only routine tests are required for later products that are produced based on the same design;

609

3)

Site acceptance tests for a semiconductor stack shall be routine tests.

610

8.6

611

The test categories are as given in Table 3.

612 613

Specifications for any special requirements of the user shall be agreed upon between the user and the manufacturer.

614 615 616

Kinds of tests General

Type test

Routine test

Site acceptance test

Implementation of test

Test categories

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Table 3 – List of Tests

617 Test Item

Type test

Routine test

Site acceptance test

Applicable subclause

Structural inspection

○

○

Test of accessory components and systems

○

○

Insulation test

○

○

Start and stop sequence test

○

○

○

9.2

Test to check the operation of protection systems

○

○

○

9.3

Test for charge/discharge control characteristics

○

○

○

9.4

○

○

Light load functional test

a)

Temperature rise test

○

Calculation of efficiency

○

Noise measurement

○

EMC test

○

Harmonic measurement

a)b)

○

a)

Not applicable to a system without electric power converter;

b)

Simulation-based verification may be used.

9.1

9.5 9.6

(○)

(○)

9.7 9.8

○ a)b)

○

9.8.1

Note ( ○ ) is optional.

618

9

Tests

619

9.1

Insulation test

620

9.1.1

General

621 622

Insulation tests shall be conducted in order to verify the insulation condition of the completed assembly. In general, insulation tests shall use commercial AC voltages.

623 624 625 626 627 628 629

During the insulation test, all the anode, cathode, and gate terminals of all power semiconductor devices as well as the main terminals of the converter must be connected. However, this requirement does not apply to any accessible component not connected to the enclosure or any auxiliary equipment that can convey the voltage from the higher voltage side to the lower voltage side upon failure of insulation. For example, auxiliary transformers, measurement equipment, pulse transformers, and voltage transformers are included in this category.

630

Any switching device in the main circuit must be closed or bypassed.

631 632 633

Any auxiliary system that has no metallic connection to the main circuit (e.g., system control equipment or ventilation device) must be connected to the frame or enclosure during the insulation test according to Subclause 9.1.2.

634 635 636

In the withstand voltage test to use the power supply frequency, the test voltage at the frequency available from the test equipment or the rated frequency (not exceeding 100 Hz) shall be as specified in Subclause 9.1.3.

637 638 639

In the case of routine tests for assemblies, it is sufficient to apply the full test voltage specified in Subclause 9.1.3 for 60 seconds. It is permitted to omit the test in which the test voltage is gradually increased.

640

If break-down or flash-over occurs, the test is a failure.

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641 642 643

The insulation resistance shall be measured using a 500 V or higher DC voltage before the test and 1 minute after the test. The insulation resistance shall be higher than 1 000 Ω/V. Measurement of insulation resistance is not required in a routine test.

644 645

If any earthing resistor or lightning arrester is provided, it must be disconnected during the insulation test.

646 647

The ESU must be disconnected during the insulation test, unless it is used by direct connection to the feeder.

648 649

If any liquid is used as the heat exchange medium, the insulation test shall be conducted in the presence of the liquid.

650 651

9.1.2 Insulation test for converter equipment and assemblies placed in a single enclosure

652 653 654 655

Each circuit of the converter shall be tested for insulation between the circuit and other circuits that are electrically separated from the enclosure and the circuit section to be tested. The test voltage shall be selected according to Subclause 9.1.3, while defining U Nm of the circuit under test.

656 657

The test voltage shall be applied between the circuit under test and the frame or enclosure that is connected to the terminal of the other circuit for the purpose of this test.

658

9.1.3

659 660 661

The electrical clearance shall be designed according to the electrical clearance requirements specified in IEC 62497-1. The insulation test shall be conducted using the test voltages listed in Table 4.

662 663

The separation shown in Table 4 is the minimum separation between the phase or pole and the earth.

664

Table 4 – Insulation Level

Test voltage, separation, and creepage distance

Nominal voltage

Rated insulation voltage

Impulse voltage 1,2 μs/50 μs

Separation

U Nm kV

Commercial frequency withstand voltage Ua kV

UN kV

U Ni kV

mm

0,6

0,9

2,8

N/A

10

0,75

1,2

3,6

N/A

14

0,75

1,8

4,6

N/A

18

1,5

2,3

5,5

N/A

22

1,5

3,0

9,2

N/A

36

3,0

3,6

3,0

4,8

3,0

6,5

OV3

11,5

OV3

25

OV3

45

OV4

14,0

OV4

30

OV4

54

OV3

14,0

OV3

30

OV3

54

OV4

18,5

OV4

40

OV4

72

OV3

18,5

OV3

40

OV3

72

OV4

23,0

OV4

50

OV4

91

Note: For a rated insulation voltage of 3 kV or less, the values are taken assuming the use of the over-voltage category OV3 defined in IEC 62497-1. OV4 is used for a rated insulation voltage of 3 kV or higher.

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665

9.2

Start and stop sequence test

666 667

The objective of the sequence test is to check that the specified operation sequence is followed correctly.

668

The following operation sequences shall be checked:

669

a)

System startup;

670

b)

System stop;

671

c)

Stop sequence upon system failure;

672

d)

Others.

673

9.3

674 675 676 677

The test to check the operation of protection systems shall be conducted without imposing any stress that exceeds the rating of the system and its components. In particular, if the control system is designed to protect the converter and ESU from overloading, the protection capability for this area shall be checked.

678 679 680

Routine tests shall be conducted to check the operation of any protection system. However, the purpose is not to check the operation of fuses or other devices that may result from any damage of operational components.

681

9.4

682 683 684 685 686

The objective of the charge/discharge characteristics test is to check that the charge/discharge functions determined and agreed upon between the user and the manufacturer are actually demonstrated. This test shall check the characteristics by actually applying the current according to the load profile (duty cycle) defined through agreement with the user.

687

At least the following details shall be checked:

Test to check the operation of protection systems

Charge/discharge characteristics test

688

1)

Operation to set the charge start voltage;

689

2)

Operation according to the load pattern (duty cycle);

690

3)

Charge rate control operation (when the charge rate control function is implemented);

691

4)

Other charge and discharge functions.

692 693

Note that the pass/fail criteria for each test shall be based on the correct operation within ±5 % of the target values specified.

694

9.5

695 696

The light load functional test shall be conducted using a load that is sufficient to verify that all the main and auxiliary circuits are functioning correctly.

697 698

When this test is conducted as a routine test, the electric power converter shall be connected to the rated power supply voltage.

699 700

If the semiconductor devices of the electric power converter arms are connected in series, it must be confirmed that the voltage division ratio is within the limits defined in the design.

701

9.6

702

9.6.1

703 704

The temperature rise of the electric power converter and ESU shall be measured under the test conditions specifically matched to the duty cycle used. If the test is conducted at an

Light load functional test

Temperature rise test General

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705 706

ambient temperature lower than the specified maximum value, an appropriate correction shall be applied. The performance of the temperature rise test is not limited to the main circuit.

707 708 709 710 711

The temperature rise shall be recorded at the point of the maximum temperature the semiconductor device may reach. To demonstrate that the assembly can withstand the specified load class or duty cycle without exceeding the maximum junction temperature of the device, the increase of the junction temperature shall be calculated. The actual current sharing between parallel valve devices shall be taken into account.

712 713 714

The temperature of the buses, insulation materials, cables, control systems, and protection devices shall not exceed their respective acceptable limit values (i.e., permanent damage shall not occur).

715 716 717 718

When the temperature rise exceeds the ambient temperature due to continuous operation of the system, the temperature shall be read out when the temperature reading has reached the steady state. For the maximum test period of 8 hours, any variation less than 1 K/h is considered to satisfy the steady state condition required.

719 720 721 722

During the test, a temporary connection to the main circuit shall be provided so as not to remove or supply heat from/to the converter assembly. The temperature rise shall be measured using a temporary connection at a distance of one meter from the terminals of the main circuits and other terminals. The difference of temperature rise shall not exceed 5 K.

723 724 725

If parallel redundancy is used for the semiconductor devices, in order to check that the remaining devices will not exceed the allowable maximum temperature, the redundant device that would show the minimum temperature rise shall be excluded.

726

If serial redundancy is used for the semiconductor devices, all the devices must be included.

727 728

The maximum junction temperature measured and corrected by calculation shall not exceed the allowable maximum junction temperature specified by the semiconductor device.

729

9.6.2

730

9.6.2.1

731 732 733 734

The ambient temperature shall be measured at a point of less than half the distance between the system and any adjacent equipment and within 300 mm from the enclosure, at the average height of the equipment, and in a condition protected from any direct heat radiation from the equipment.

735

9.6.2.2

736 737

The average temperature shall be measured at a point outside the equipment and at 50 mm from the air inlet.

738

Note: The ambient temperature given in Subclause 9.6.2.1 is used for evaluating the ratio of radiated heat.

739

9.6.2.3

740 741

The temperature of the coolant shall be measured in the liquid pipe 100 mm upstream of the liquid injection point.

742

9.6.2.4

743 744

The functions of auxiliary equipment such as contactors, sequencers, fans, etc. shall be checked.

Temperature of ambient air and coolant Ambient temperature

Coolant temperature in air cooling

Coolant temperature in liquid cooling

Checking auxiliary equipment

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745

9.6.2.5

Checking the characteristics of the control system

746 747 748 749 750

It is not feasible to verify the characteristics of the control system under every possible loading condition that may be observed in actual operation. However, to the extent possible, it is recommended that the trigger systems be checked under actual loading conditions. If the test cannot be performed on the manufacturer's premises, it may be implemented after installation upon agreement with the user.

751 752

If it is feasible, the control system test may be limited to use only the two load conditions specified in Subclauses 9.4 and 9.5.

753 754 755

In either case, both the static and dynamic characteristics of the control system must be verified. This shall include the verification that the system can satisfactorily operate under every supply voltage within the variation as designed.

756 757

In the type test, the functions of auxiliary circuits shall be tested under the maximum and minimum supply voltages.

758

This provision does not apply to a direct connection type system.

759

9.7

760 761

The test conditions and test methods shall be determined through discussion between the user and the manufacturer.

762

9.8

763

This test shall be performed in accordance with IEC 62236-1 and IEC 62236-5.

764 765

However, about the following item, both routine test and site acceptance test shall be implemented to demonstrate that no interference is caused to other systems:

766

1)

767

9.8.1

768 769 770 771 772 773

Before implementation of this test, it shall be confirmed that the switching frequency of the electric power converter will not interfere with the switching frequencies of other systems. Then, both routine test and site acceptance test shall be implemented to measure and demonstrate the characteristics. Site acceptance test shall be implemented for a direct connection type system, because transient phenomena in the charging and discharging systems could have effects on other systems.

774 775

In the routine test, this test shall be implemented by actually applying the rated current according to the specified duty cycle.

776 777

It should be noted on the test conditions for the routine test that it is permitted to implement this test in conjunction with the tests defined in Subclause 9.4.

778

It is also permitted to use simulation results for the type test and routine test.

Noise measurement

EMC measurement

Harmonic measurement Harmonic measurement

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Annex A (normative)

779 780 781 782

Methods of Simulation and Measurement at the Site

783

A.1

General

784 785 786 787

This Annex provides information to support the system design of the ESS, including considerations on the installation location and capacity of the system, by studying the expected effects upon system introduction based on actual measurements obtained by temporarily installing an actual system.

788

A.2

789 790

Various conditions for using simulation software in the system design of the ESS are presented in the following subclauses.

791

A.2.1

792 793

The simulation software to be used shall have a proven track record. In principle, a dynamic simulator shall be used. The cycle period of simulation calculation should be 1 second or less.

794

A.2.2

795 796

The input conditions for the simulation used to study the implementation of an ESS are described below.

797

A.2.2.1

798 799

The conditions of the route including the slope, curve, station locations, and whether it is a single track or double track, etc. shall be incorporated.

800

A.2.2.2

801

The conditions given in Table A.1 shall be used as the operation data to the extent possible.

System design to use simulation software

Applicable simulation software

Input conditions for simulation

Route data

Operation data

Table A.1 – Operation Data

802 No. 1

Input Condition

Remarks

Operation timetable

At least these two time slots, i.e. 1) and 2), shall be used.

1)

Peak hours

The use of an actual timetable is desirable if it is an existing route.

2)

Off-peak hours

2

Passenger load factor

3

Station stop time

4

Run time between stations

5

Signal block section

6

ATP/ATO limit speed

ATP/ATO limit speed at each position

7

Run curve

The use of an actual run curve is desirable if it is an existing route.

Intermediate stations and terminal stations

803

A.2.2.3

804

The conditions given in Table A.2 shall be used as the rolling stock data to the extent possible.

805

Rolling stock data

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Table A.2 – Rolling Stock Data

806 No.

Input Condition

Remarks

1

Train set configuration

2

Self weight (empty/full)

3

Designed capacity

4

Train length

5

Auxiliary power

6

Acceleration

7

Deceleration (regular, maximum, emergency)

8

Control method

9

Constant voltage limiter (Low-voltage limiting characteristics)

10

Over-voltage limiter (Low-load regenerative characteristics)

11

Motor capacity and the number of motors

12

Starting resistance

13

Curve resistance

14

Running resistance formula

15

Powering characteristics

Speed–tractive force characteristics, speed–current characteristics

16

Regenerative characteristics

Speed–brake force characteristics, speed–current characteristics

Example: VVVF, armature chopper control, etc.

807

A.2.2.4

Feed system data

808

The conditions given in Table A.3 shall be used as the feed system data to the extent possible.

809

Table A.3 – Feed System Data No.

Input Condition

Remarks

1

Diagram of feeding system

Substation positions, etc.

2

Installed capacity (rectifier capacity)

The actual rectifier capacity shall be entered for an existing route.

3

Number of operational rectifier facilities

4

Feed voltage

5

DCvoltage regulation

6

Characteristics of the ESS

7

Feed resistance

8

Rail resistance

Starting voltage, battery control SOC characteristics, etc.

810

A.2.3

Evaluation of simulation results

811

Based on the simulation results, at least the following details shall be decided and evaluated:

812

1)

System capacity and number of units;

813

2)

Installation location;

814

3)

Energy saving effects.

815 816

The energy saving effects shall be evaluated by comparing the power consumption between before and after installation.

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817

A.3

How to validate the effect by temporarily installing an actual system

818

A.3.1

819 820

If an actual ESS is to be temporarily installed in order to validate the effect of implementation, the following details should be referenced.

821

A.3.2

822 823 824 825

The amount of electric energy consumed and the feed voltage before installing an actual system shall be measured and prepared as the baseline data. Because such prior measurements can be significantly affected by the season, temperature, and other factors, it is desirable to measure and prepare as much data as possible to facilitate later comparison.

826 827 828

The data on the amount of electric energy consumed and feed voltage should be measured not only for the target substation where the system has been temporarily installed but also for other adjacent substations at the same time.

829

A.3.3

830 831 832

After an actual system has been installed, verification shall be made by measuring the following data. The data should be measured not only for the target substation where the system has been temporarily installed but also for other adjacent substations at the same time:

833

1)

Feed voltage;

834

2)

Amount of electric energy consumed.

835 836

Note that it is desirable for the evaluation to use as much data as possible, for the purpose of comparison between before and after installation.

837 838 839

It is strongly recommended to measure and compare the amount of DC energy for the evaluation of energy consumption. It is also desirable to obtain train operation data to facilitate the evaluation.

840 841

Regarding the measurement data, the parameters listed in Table A.4 should be measured and evaluated.

842

Table A.4 – Measurement Data

General

Before installation

After installation

No.

Measurement Item

A

Substation Measurements

1

DC Feed voltage

2

Rectifier's secondary current

3

Total DC current

4

Charge/discharge current to/from the ESS

5

Receiving voltage

6

Primary current of the transformer for the rectifier

7

Temperature and weather conditions

B

Operational Conditions

1

Number of trains operated and distance covered

2

Passenger load factor

Remarks

After installation

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Future 62XXX/Ed1/NP IEC(E)