Notes on Contributors

Georgine Clarsen is Lecturer in the School of History and Politics in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Wollongong. She is currently completing a book for the, John Hopkins University Press entitled Auto-evotics: Early Women Motorists’ Love of Cars. She is a qualified motor mechanic and was for many years the technical director for the Australian performing company Circus Oz. Laura Doan is Professor of Cultural History and Sexuality Studies and Codirector of the Centre for the Study of Sexuality and Culture at the University of Manchester, with research interests in lesbian cultural history and English modernity. She is author of Fashioning Sapphism: The Origins of a Modern English Lesbian Culture (Columbia University Press 2001), and coeditor, with Jay Prosser, of Palatable Poison: Critical Perspectives on The Well of Loneliness (Columbia University Press 2001). Bridget Elliott is Professor of Visual Arts at the University of Western Ontario where she teaches in the areas of art history, film studies, and visual culture. She has published widely on the subject of women artists including Women Artists and Writers (Routledge 1994) coauthored with Jo-Ann Wallace and Women Artists and the Decorative Arts in the Early Modernist Era, 1895–1935 (Ashgate 2002) coedited with Janice Helland. She is currently completing a book on the migration of art deco from Europe to North America. Jane Garrity is Associate Professor of English and a Senior Scholar in Women and Gender Studies at the University of Colorado, at Boulder; her research interests include British modernism and empire, colonial/postcolonial studies, and lesbian/ queer theory. She is author of Step-Daughters of England: British Women Modernists and the National Imaginary (Manchester University Press 2003), and has published articles on Virginia Woolf, the Bloomsbury Group, Sylvia Townsend Warner, Anna Kavan, and contemporary lesbian film. She is currently working on a project on modernism and fashion. Colleen Lamos teaches at Rice University. She is author of Deviant Modernism: Sexual and Textual Errancy in T.S. Eliot, James Joyce and Marcel Proust (Cambridge University Press 1999). Tirza True Latimer earned her Ph.D. in art history at Stanford University. Her book, Women Together/Women Apart: Portraits of Lesbian Paris (Rutgers University

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Press 2005), investigates problems of feminine and lesbian self-representation within a historical context in which the independence of women (their political, professional, economic, domestic, and sexual autonomy) had yet to be acknowledged by the law. Latimer lectures in art history, feminist studies, and gender studies at institutions in the San Francisco Bay Area. Heather Love is Assistant Professor of English at the University of Pennsylvania. She has published articles on modernism and gender studies in GLQ, Transition, New Literary History, and Feminist Theory, and is the coeditor of a special issue of New Literary History entitled Is There Life After Identity Politics? (2000). She is at work on a book entitled Feeling Backward: Affect, Politics, and the Making of Queer History. Jodie Medd is Assistant Professor in the Department of English at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. Her recent publications have appeared in Modernism/Modernity and Palatable Poison: Critical Perspectives on The Well of Loneliness (Columbia University Press 2001). She is finishing a book on lesbian scandal in the early twentieth century and researching a new project on modernist patronage relations. Alison Oram is Reader in Women’s Studies at University College Northampton. She is coauthor of The Lesbian History Sourcebook: Love and Sex between Women in Britain from 1780 to 1970 (Routledge 2001) and is currently writing a book about changing representations of cross-dressing women in the twentieth-century British popular press. Petra Rau is Lecturer in English Literature at the School of Social, Historical, and Literary Studies at the University of Portsmouth. She has published articles on modernist women writers, and on nineteenth-century German writers and the Bildungsroman. Her research interests are mainly psychoanalytic criticism and modernist writing. She is currently working on a monograph on Anglo-German literary relations from the late Victorian period to the immediate post–World War II years. Penny Tinkler is Senior Lecturer at the University of Manchester. She is currently writing a book for Berg on the feminization of smoking, 1880–1980 entitled Smoke Signals: Women, Smoking and Visual Culture in Britain (forthcoming). She has also written extensively on aspects of English girlhood, including Constructing Girlhood: Popular Magazines for Girls Growing up in England, 1920–1950 (Taylor and Francis 1995). Jo-Ann Wallace is Professor in the Department of English and Film Studies at the University of Alberta. The coauthor with Bridget Elliott of Women Artists and Writers: Modernist (Im)Positionings (Routledge 1994), she has also published articles or chapters on women’s literary history, feminist theories of the body, late nineteenth-century feminism and advocacy, and children’s literature and postcolonial theory. Her current research is a cultural biography of Edith (Mrs. Havelock) Ellis. She is Editor of ESC: English Studies in Canada.

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Joanne Winning teaches in the School of English and Humanities, Birkbeck College. Recent publications include The Pilgrimage of Dorothy Richardson (University of Wisconsin Press 2000) and Bryher: Two Novels, Development and Two Selves (University of Wisconsin Press 2000). She is currently working on two books: The Shape of Lesbian Modernism, which maps the cultural production and influence of the Anglo-American lesbian modernists and a book on Edwin Morgan, the new Scots Makar.

Index

Ackland, Valentine, 143, 144 Alec-Tweedie, Ethel, 100 Alexander, Sally, 166 Allan, Maud, 168, 170, 171, 172, 174, 202, 206, 207, 212 Amazons, 4, 37, 49, 99, 100 Anderson, Alice, 5, 55–56, 59–69 art deco, 7, 110, 117, 126 automobiles, 55, 56, 57, 59, 67, 97 avant-garde, 6, 20, 22, 25, 27, 30, 58, 110, 117, 120, 121, 126, 161, 162, 170 Barker, Colonel (Valerie Arkell-Smith), 172, 175 Barnes, Djuna, 3, 124 Ladies Almanack, 7, 192 Barney, Natalie Clifford, 20, 21, 24, 37, 38, 40–41, 43, 44, 46, 49, 122, 153, 192 Barron, Phyllis, 5, 109, 110, 111–14, 117–23, 125, 126 Batten, Mabel, 201, 203, 204, 205, 209, 211 Baudelaire, Charles, 6, 20, 48, 138, 154, 161, 162 Beach, Sylvia, 21–31 Beer, Gillian, 135, 141, 143 Bell, Quentin, 234 Bell, Vanessa, 123, 196 Bennett, Judith, 5 Benstock, Shari, 7, 22, 95, 161, 162 Berman, Marshall, 18–19

Blondel, Nathalie, 234, 235 Bloomsbury Group, 92, 123, 152, 153, 196 Bourdieu, Pierre, 110 Bowen, Elizabeth, 5 The Hotel, 10, 218, 224, 225–28, 229 Brittain, Vera, 80, 83, 104 Brooks, Romaine, 9, 35–49, 120 Brown, Stella, 4 Brown, Wendy, 141–42 Bryher (Winifred Ellerman), 9, 22–24, 46, 48, 235 Development, 7 butch, 3 Butts, Mary, 5, 10, Armed with Madness, 233, 234, 243 Death of Felicity Taverner, 234, 235, 243 Imaginary Letters, 234, 235, 241–50 “Speed the Plough,” 235, 236–41 Carpenter, Edward, 10, 183, 185, 187, 189, 191, 193–95, 196, 248 Carpentier, Mary, 159, 160 Carstairs, Joe, 57, 76, 79, 82–83, 84–85 Case, Janet, 153 Castle, Terry, 4, 6, 48, 136, 137, 205, 213 Chubb, Percival, 184, 185, 186 Clarsen, Georgine, 9, 55–71 Cocteau, Jean, 234

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Collecott, Diana, 1, 161 Corbusier, Le, 117–18, 119, 120, 124, 126 Criminal Law Amendment Act (1921), 171, 202 cross-dressing, 56, 66, 67, 77, 174–75 Dane, Clemence (Winifred Ashton), 104 Regiment of Women, 171 decadence, 6, 10, 40, 64, 165, 166, 169, 170, 174 degeneracy, 8, 122, 169 DeJean, Jean, 151, 152 Dickinson, Violet, 153 Doan, Laura, 1–27, 76, 91–107, 203 domesticity, 9, 94, 96, 100, 112, 121, 211 Dorn, Marion, 120, 125 du Maurier, Daphne, 80 Egan, Beresford, 1, 94 Elliott, Bridget, 9, 109–29 Ellis, Edith, 5, 183, 185–87, 194 The Lovers’ Calendar, 10, 184, 187–89, 190–92, 193, 195, 196, 197 Ellis, Havelock, 3, 81, 169, 183, 186, 187, 188, 192, 197, 248 Sexual Inversion, 189, 190 Eyles, Leonora, 165, 168, 169, 171, 172, 174 Eyre de Lanux, Elizabeth, 109, 110, 114–20, 122, 126 Fabian Society, 185, 196 Fellowship of the New Life, 184–85, 186, 196 Felski, Rita, 7, 76, 83, 96, 105 female homosexuality, see homosexuality female husband, 174–75, 177 female masculinity, 56, 57, 58, 64, 65, 66, 169, 175, 177

feminism, 4, 37, 57, 64, 93–94, 96, 103, 105, 160 femme, 3, 40 femme fatale, 169, 170 Flanner, Janet, 24, 27 Forster, E.M., 196, 227, 228–29 Fowler, Rowena, 149, 160 Fox-Pitt, St. George Lane, 201, 202, 203, 206–11 Freud, Sigmund, 183, 225, 226 “Psychogenesis,” 10, 218–24, 227, 228, 229 Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality, 219, 220, 222, 223, 245 Fry, Roger, 123, 126 Garrity, Jane, 1–27, 233–51 gender, 64, 76, 77, 78, 81, 94, 104 -bending, 6, 56, 58, 65 rebellion, 79, 82 Gilbert, Sandra, 123–24, 125, 160 Gluck (Hannah Gluckstein), 38, 76, 79, 80, 82, 83, 84, 109, 124, 189 Goldring, Douglas, 234, 235 Gray, Eileen, 109, 114, 120, 121, 122 Gubar, Susan, 123–24, 125, 160, 161, 162 Hackett, Robin, 122 Hainley, Bruce, 233, 237 Hall, Radclyffe, 9, 76, 80, 81, 91–105, 149, 161, 189, 201–13, 236 The Well of Loneliness, 1, 56–57, 86, 111, 158, 168, 170, 175–76, 228, 229 Harrison, Jane Ellen, 159, 160, 248–49 H.D. (Hilda Doolittle), 124, 160, 161, 235 Hellenism, 149, 150, 157, 160 Hicks, Seymour, 172–73 homoeroticism, 9, 149, 150, 157, 158 homosexuality, 138, 153, 183, 218, 229, 233–37, 238, 240, 245–46, 249

Index female, 86, 168, 170, 172, 177, 209, 212, 219–24 male, 122, 155, 170, 176, 177, 234–36, 241–42, 247, 248, 250 see also inversion, lesbianism and sapphism Hume-Williams, Ellis, 206–7 identity, 4, 8, 18, 19, 65, 76, 78, 102 female, 55, 77, 79 gender, 134, 238 lesbian, 8, 10, 56, 57, 166, 167, 169 sapphic, 18, 77, 86 sexual, 3, 19, 21, 22, 56, 86, 211, 226 interior design, 9, 114, 124 inversion, 3–4, 149, 177, 189, 193, 222, 223, 239, 241 gender, 169, 174, 176 invert, 3, 4, 8, 91, 96, 184, 189, 194, 221 sexual, 3 see also homosexuality, lesbianism and sapphism Irons, Evelyn, 92, 96, 100, 101, 103 Jagose, Annamarie, 5, 48 Joel, Betty, 114, 118, 120, 125 Joyce, James, 22, 29–30, 236 Keynes, John Maynard, 153, 196, 249 Kirkpatrick, Lily, 186, 187, 188, 190, 191, 192, 193, 195 Lamos, Colleen, 9, 149–64 Lancaster, Osbert, 117, 118, 119 Larcher, Dorothy, 5, 109, 110, 111–14, 117–23, 125, 126 Latimer, Tirza True, 9, 35–54 Lee, Hermione, 153, 157 Lefebvre, Henri, 27–28, 30 Lehmann, Rosamond, 217

259

lesbianism, 4, 5–6, 8, 91, 94, 98, 122, 170, 175, 202, 203, 213 lesbian, 7, 21, 35, 37, 48, 138, 161, 162, 168 lesbian desire, 169, 217–18, 219, 220, 222–24, 225, 226, 227, 228 lesbian fusion, 124, 125–26 mannish lesbian, 176, 177 meaning of, 207, 208–9, 210 predatory lesbian, 172–73, 212 and smoking, 76–86 see also homosexuality, inversion and sapphism Light, Alison, 85, 93, 94, 95, 96 London, 9, 103, 168, 177, 234, 239–40, 242 Louys, Pierre, 153, 161 Love, Heather, 9, 133–47 Lukâs, Georg, 136, 138 male homosexuality, see homosexuality mannish woman, 169, 174, 176, 177, 206 Marx, Enid, 117, 121 Marx, Karl, 18, 138, 139 Maslenikof, Sergey, 235, 242, 247 Maugham, Syrie, 118, 119, 120 McNeil, Peter, 109, 110, 118 Medd, Jodie, 5, 10, 201–16 modernism, 17, 20, 22, 24, 25, 29, 31, 95, 96, 110, 126, 218 English, 184, 192, 229 lesbian, 6, 162 literary, 7 sapphic, 6, 7, 95, 149, 160, 161, 162 modernity, 7, 17–19, 35, 76, 102, 141, 166, 168–69, 217, 241, 248 Australian, 56, 58, 64, 65 conservative, 76, 85, 95, 104 English, 96, 97, 104 and lesbianism, 4, 6, 8 sapphic, 3, 4, 6, 20, 49, 78, 86, 110, 119, 134, 202, 212 and smoking, 79, 80, 81, 83, 86

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Index

modernity––continued and space, 1, 20–21, 22, 24, 27–31, 93, 94, 99, 100, 173 Monnier, Adrienne, 21, 22, 25–27, 28, 29, 31 Montesquiou, Robert de, 40, 44, 46 Moore, Lisa, 4, 8 Moore, Olive, 3–4 Newton, Isabel, 206, 208–9 New Woman, 3, 60, 64, 79, 96 New York, 37, 41, 43, 44, 114, 188 Nicolson, Harold, 92, 103 Oram, Alison, 9, 10, 165–80 Owen, Wilfred, 156, 157 Paris, 8, 9, 20–31, 124, 192, 234–37, 241–42, 248 passing, 77, 78, 79, 86, 175 Pater, Clara, 149, 153 Pater, Walter, 149, 150 Pemberton Billing, Noel, 202, 203, 206, 207, 208 perversion, 8, 165, 166, 170, 177, 183, 209, 219, 234, 250 Pevsner, Nicholas, 117, 119, 124 psychoanalysis, 7, 23, 196, 218 race, 76, 122, 242 Raitt, Suzanne, 93, 102, 103, 183, 189, 195 Rau, Petra, 10, 217–31 Richardson, Dorothy, 22–23 Roger-Marx, Claude, 38, 40 Rose, Muriel, 121, 123 Sackville-West, Vita, 9, 76, 78, 79, 91–100, 102–4, 105, 153, 183–84 sapphism, 10, 22, 149, 150, 158, 160, 162, 185 awareness of, 1, 153, 157

defined, 3, 4, 8, 9, 95, 149, 161, 217, 218 and modernity, 23, 94, 134 suggestibility of, 5, 6 see also homosexuality, inversion and lesbianism Sappho, 3, 5, 6, 37, 151, 152, 157–58, 160–62 Sassoon, Siegfried, 156, 157 Schudson, Michael, 75, 84 sexology (sexual science), 3, 170, 172, 174, 183, 195, 196 shame, 183–84, 189 smoking, 7, 9, 75–86 Souhami, Diana, 84, 124 space, 23–26, 30, 31, 75, 110, 114, 122, 125, 234, 240, 241, 247 cultural, 21, 22 “lived,” 27–29 public/private, 1, 93, 99, 102 queer, 235 sapphic, 20 urban, 10, 21, 25, 28, 29, 237 spiritualism, 7, 10, 192–93, 204, 206, 209–10 Spry, Constance, 109, 120 Stein, Gertrude, 7, 21, 23, 24, 124, 161 Stephen, Leslie, 152, 154, 196 Stephen, Thoby, 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, 157 Strachey, James, 220–21 Strachey, Lytton, 153, 154 subjectivity, 19, 56, 64, 69, 170 Summerscale, Kate, 84–85 Swaffer, Hannen, 165, 172 Swinburne, A.C., 154, 162 Symonds, John Addington, 152–53, 158, 189 Symonds, Madge, 153, 158 Tanner, Robin, 112, 126 Thompson, Virgil, 234

Index Tinkler, Penny, 9, 75–90 Toklas, Alice B., 21, 24 Traub, Valerie, 4 Trefusis, Violet, 78, 92 Troubridge, Una, 40, 81, 98, 100–1, 201, 203–8, 210–13 Vicinus, Martha, 5 Vivien, Renée, 124, 153, 160, 161, 162 Wachman, Gay, 202 Walkowitz, Judith, 168, 170 Wallace, Jo-Ann, 10, 183–99 Walpole, Hugh, 92, 102 Warner, Sylvia Townsend, 80 Simmer Will Show, 9, 134–41, 142, 143, 144–45 Whistler, James Abbott McNeill, 38, 41 Whitman, Walt, 189, 194 Wilde, Oscar, 38, 40, 91, 170, 176, 184, 189, 190, 202, 238, 244 Winning, Joanne, 6, 9, 17–33 Wolfe, Elsie de, 38, 109, 120

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Woolf, Virginia, 3, 9, 80, 91, 124, 161, 197, 217, 224, 229 Between the Acts, 159, 160 “A Dialogue upon Mount Pentelicus,” 155, 156 Jacob’s Room, 155–56, 227 Mrs. Dalloway, 150, 157–58, 160, 196 “On Not Knowing Greek,” 155, 156–57 Orlando, 7, 158 A Room of One’s Own, 152, 158, 160, 162 “Slater’s Pins,” 149, 150, 153 “A Society,” 151, 152 Three Guineas, 162 To the Lighthouse, 160, 196 The Voyage Out, 154, 159, 225, 228 The Waves, 158, 159, 160 The Years, 159 World War I (Great War), 94, 192, 196, 204, 211, 212 World War II, 63, 75, 86, 103, 123, 166, 168, 175, 177 Wyld, Evelyn, 109, 110, 114–20, 122, 123, 125, 126