Notes. Chapter 1: John Fowles and the masculinity myth

N otes Chapter 1: John Fowles and the masculinity myth. 1. 2. 3. S. Alien (tlll/.). Conditions of lllumm: Papers from till WQmm'j MOIJtfnZ1!I (Leed...
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N otes

Chapter 1: John Fowles and the masculinity myth. 1. 2.

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S. Alien (tlll/.). Conditions of lllumm: Papers from till WQmm'j MOIJtfnZ1!I (Leeds.: Feminist Books, 1974), p.I09. John Fowles, Dalli41 Marlin (SI Albans: Triad/ Panther, 1978), p.7. All further references to J ohn Fowles's book-length works are given in abbreviated [ann as in the Preface. 1 owe the fannu la tion of this point to Beatrix CampbdJ in a discussion which she led at Hull Unive~i ly in 1982. See A. CoOteand B. Campbell, Swtel Freedom: The Slrugglefor Wamt'II's Lihoalion (London: Pan, 1982),

p.240. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

10. J I. 12. 13.

14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.

A. Toison, TIu Limits of Mascu1inily (London: Tavislock, 1977), pp. 13, 51. ibid. p.24. ibid. p.25. Jeffrcy Weeks, Sex, Politics and Sot:itry (London: Longmans, 1981), p.7. S. Benton, 'Adam and Eve' in New Socialist, 11 (May-June 1983), p.19. ibid. p.19.

D. Hall, 'J ohn Fowles's garden' in &quire, 98 (October 1982), p.96. R. Boston, 'John Fowles, alone but nOI lonely' in New Tork TiTIW BooA Rwiew (9 Novembe r 1969), p.2. R. Huffaker, John Fowlts (Boston, Mass.: G.K. H all, 1980), p.22. S. Benlon, 'Adam and Eve' in New Soa4/isJ, ]I (May-J une 1983), p. 18. R. K. Singh, 'An encounter wit h J ohn Fowles' in Joumal of MiXWn Li~rtllu.re 8, 2 (1980), p.195. J. Campbell, ' An interview with John Fowles' in ConkmPOrtlry LiteraJure, 17,4 (1976), p.467. R. Boslon, 'J ohn Fowles, alone but not lonely' in New Tork TiTIW Book Rtview (9 November 1969), p.2. J. Campbdl, 'An interview wilhJohn Fowles' in Conkmporary Litera/we, 17,4 (1976), p.467. S. Benton, 'Adam and Eve' in New SocialisJ, I I (May-J une 1983), p. 18. ibid. p.19. .

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NOTES TO PAGES 11·21 P. Conradi, John FowUs (London: Meth uen, 19B2), p.9L john Fowles, 'Notes on an unfinished novel' in The Noutl Today, ed. M. Bradbury, (London: Fontana, 1982), p.146. 22. J Campbdl, 'An interview with J ohn Fowles' in Umumporary LiI"ature, 17,4 (1976), p.465. 23. For some infonnation on the Zen influences on Fowles see R. H uIfaker, JOOn FowJu (Boston, Mass.: G. K . Hall, 1980), p.17, where H uffa ker quotes a let ter from Fowles about his reading of Alan Watt's The Wayof Zrn during the 19505. See also Fowles's essay, 'Seeing na ture whole' in Harptr's Maga~int, 259 (November 1979), pp.49·68. 24. A. Carter, The Sadtian Woman (London , Virago, 1979), p.5. 25. E. Trudgill, Madonnas and Magdalms (New York: Holmes and Meier, 1976), p.28. 26. R. K. Singh, 'An encounter wi th john Fowles' in Joumnl of Mod"n LiUTatIJ.re, 8, 2 (1980), pp.I89-90. 27. S. Benton, 'Adam and Eve' in New SociIJlist, 11 (May-J une 1983), p.18. 28, ibid. p.19. 29. N. Frye, The &rulDrScriptIJ.re (Cambr idge, Mass.: H arvard, 1976), p.I04. 30. R. Huffaker, John FowUs (Boston, Mass.: G. K . Hall, 1980), p.26. 31. L. Sage, 'John Fowles' in The New Rzuitw, (I October 1974), p.37. 32. R. H uffaker, John FowUs (Boston, Mass.: G. K . Hall, 1980), p.117. 33. ibid. pp.24-5. E. Reynaud, Holy VirililJ: The Social Construction of Maswlinity (London: 34. Pluto, 1983), p.77. 35. S. H eath, The SaUQI Fix (London: Macmillan, 1982), p. 126. 36. ibid. p.89. 37, M. Bragg, 'In terview with john Fowlcs' from 'The South Bank Show' London Weekend T elevision, transcript P/NO 801 03, 1982, p.3. 38. In his interview with Raman Singh, Fowlesdescribesan 'assistant professor of psychiatry at H arvard [who] wrote a very interesting article about The Frrnch Lirotenant's WOI7UIn. Hetreated it asapatient and analyzedthe book. I don't go all the way wi th his analysis, but I go totally with his theory that novelists are genetically made; and then by CirCUTnSlancesover which you have no control in the first fewyearsof your life.' f-I e laterreturnstothe topic of Rose's essay and says that all writing'is therapy, isn't i!? All writers must have a tremendous fIX; they're obsessive. This is what'ssomarvellousabout this psychiatrist's... analysis of why people write. Why is it that you're never satisfied? Why do you go on trying, trying, trying again? Obviously what you're trying to do is-this is my theory-trying to achieve some primal state ofperiection and total happiness, which you're doomed never to experience because you'll never beone year old again... You'redoomed to be on an eternal hunt.' See R. K . Singh, 'An encounter with J ohn Fowles' inJoumal of Modem Liltralure, 8, 2 (1980), pp.184·5 and pp.I99·2QO. 39. G . Rose, 'The FreflCh LieuunanJ'S Woman: The uncon5Cious significanceofa novel to its author' in American Imago, 29 (Summer 1972), p.171

20. 21.

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NOTES T O PAGES 21·25

40. 41.

42. 43.

H. 45.

16. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51.

52. 53. 54.

55. 56.

57. 58. 59.

ibid. pp.I69-70. J ohn Fowlt$, ' Hardy and the H ag' in TIunnas HardyAfw Fifty r tars, ed. L. Stjohn Butle r, (London: Macmi!Jan, 1977), p.3 1. ibid. p.31. ibid. pAl. ibid. p.28. ibid. p.29. ibid. p.33. L. Sage, 'J ohn Fowles' in TheNfw Reui~ (1 October 1974), p.35. John Fowles, ' Hardy and the Hag' in Thomas HardyAft"Fifty rears, ed. L. Stjohn Butler, (London: M acmillan, 1977), pp.37-8. ibid, p.35. ibid. p.40. ibid, p.36. ibid. p.40. D. HaJpern, 'A sort of exile in Lyme Regis' in London Magozirv: (10 M arch 1971), p.36. Barry Olshen, for exa mple, says that Fowles 'wasan avowed feminist before it was fashionable 10 be so, and somc:ofhis non·fiction pieces illustrate wi th equal clarity his concern for the harmonious relations between the sexes', which, in addition to its unquestion ingassumption thata mancan becalled a feminist, seems to imply that the feminist project is aimed at achieving 'harmon ious relations between the sexes', which is tomiss its political edge altogether. See B. Olmen, John FowUs (New York: Ungar, 1978), p. 14. More questionable still is the approach taken by Peter Wolfe, who nOt only seems unquestioningly to accept Fowles's views of the female principle: but also puts his own view that 'v.umen's greate r capacity for faith and imagination' is 'explainable biologically'. See P. Wolfe,John Fowlt.s, Magus and Moralist (London: Associa ted University Press, 1979), p.40. Even Peter Conradi, though hecommentson Fowles's 'oddlycomplacem' feminismas we have seen, tends to leave that allegia nce and Fowles's notion of the feminine principle unproblematic; a nd he goes so far as implicitly to endorse Fowles's anxiety over radical feminism in this quotation from the Singh interview: '''It always worrie5 me when 1 see the feminine principle itself being attackc:d by women," he has understandably said.' See P. Conradi, John FowUs (London: Methuen, 1982), p.91. C. H ieatt, 'Elidut; revisited: John Fowles and Made de France' in English Studie in Canada, 3 (Fall 1977), p.357. j. Culler, On DtamSlfUClWn (London: Routle:dge and Kegan Paul, 1983), p.55. M . Bragg, ' Interview with J ohn Fowles' from 'The 50mh Bank Show' London Weekend Television, transcript PINO 80 103, 1982, p.6. B. Obhen and T. Olshen, John Fowlts; A Rtfmna GWk (Boston, M ass.: G. K. H all, 1980), p''''iii. L Sage, 'John Fowles' in The New RziMw, (I October 1974), p.35.

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NOTES TO PAGES 27-46

NOTES TO PAGES '17·78

Clulpltr 2: Bll.Ubeard and the ooyeurs. I.

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J. CampbeU, 'An interview with John Fowk:s' in ConlmlfXJrD'Y Liltralurt, 17, 'I ( 1976), pA57. R. Newquist, 'J ohn Fowlcs' in COlmltrpuinl cd R. Newquist, (C hicago, Ill.: Rand McNally, 1964), p.2 19. M . Bragg, ' Imerview with John Fowles' from 'The South Bank Show' London Weekend Television, transcript P/NO S0103, 1982: 'I thi nk I know that aspect of Freud quite well. Tcan't thinkof anyclearcaseofone saying, well this couldn't have happened. 1t'5 simply bccauscofthe way it's described of course. Tt's C5SCntially in fICtional narrative temu ahhough they were true: cases.' Sce Phyllis Chcslcr, About Men (The Women's Press, 1978); Andrea Dworkin, Portll)grapiry: Men POJ.UJSing W(lmtn (The WOlTII!n's Press, 1981 ), chapter 2; Paul Hoch, Whit, Ht'fO Black &a1I: Racitm, Serimt and tk MQJk (Ij Masculinity (London: Pluto, 1979), pp.7l, 75. Sce chapter 5, p.W3. Peter Wolfe, la/m Fowlts, M (lgu.r and MOTalisl (Lond on: Associated U niversity Press, 1976), p.66. ibid. p.72. John Fowles, 'For the dark' in NewStal4man ( 18 Februal)' 1977), p .222. SceJulict Mitc;hell and Jacqueline RO$C (o:Is), FnninwStnuUi!>,: Jacquu Lacan and /he fule Frtud~nnt (London: Macmillan, 1982), pp.6, 32, 38. Andrea Dworkin, PorwJgrapiry: Mm Ansasing W(lmtn (London: The Women'5 Press, 1981 ), p.47. Paul Hoch, Whiu Ht'fO BJack ikaJl: Racitm, Sexism and tk MQ.Jk ~ Masculinity (London: Pluto, 1979), p.74 qUOtes Malraux to this effect. P. Conradi, John F(}W/u (London: Methuen, 1982), p.3i. ibid. p.3S. Olshen, J(lhn Fowlu (New York: Unger, 1978), p.W. ibid. p.25. J ohn Fowles, ' Hardy and the Hag' ill Tho1l14sHaTdyAjltrFif!>' rear1ed L. St John Butlef (London: Macmillan. 1977), p.38. R. Boston, 'John Fowlcs, alone but not lonelv' in Nw' rork Timts Book Rtt'im. (9 November 1969). p.2. . Michel Foucault, TM Hut0'Y oJ Stxu4lilJ: An lnJ.rOOuclWn, If. R. Hurley (Hannondswofth: Penguin, 1981 ), pp.62.3.

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Chapltr 3: Masculinily on trial.

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I have. ch?SCn t'? use.the ~ rigjnal version of The Magus as the primary text for thLs dLscusslOn sLIlce Lt allows a sense of t he historical shift between

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Fowlcs's views of men in the 19505 and 196