Nordicom - Nordic Media Policy
No. 3, 2005 (September) Editor: Terje Flisen Pb 1726 Vika 0121 Oslo, Norge Publisher: Ulla Carlsson NORDICOM Göteborg University Box 713 SE-405 30 Göteborg Archive Nordic Media Policy Archive Medier i Norden Scandinavian languages Subrcribe free of charge to Nordic Media Policy
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Nordic Media Policy is an independent Internet-based newsletter that follows the political, economic and technological development in the media field. Current issues and trends are explored in articles and notices. The newsletter is published four times annually; at the turn of the months of January/February, April/May, September/October and November/December.
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Nordic cooperation The Nordic Council Film Prize 2005 to Denmark New TV 4 channel transmitted from Finland Nordic Game Potential 2005
Printed media Distribution grants to newspapers increase by 3 per cent in 2006 [Denmark] Brighter times for the Finnish newspaper business [Finland] Love of reading and reading ability to be promoted [Sweden] Tax on advertisements to be decreased [Sweden]
Audiovisual media Danish promotion of public service research [Sweden] Danish films increase in popularity at the box office [Denmark] Political agreement on shutdown of the analogue terrestrial television network in 2009 [Denmark] Nearly 100 per cent coverage by digital terrestrial TV network [Finland] More diverse programmes offered via digital television [Finland] Iceland gets a new TV news channel [Iceland] New Director General for Iceland’s Radio [Iceland] One application for digital terrestrial television network [Norway] Differentiated system of sanctions in the Broadcasting Act [Norway] New Swedish film policy and a new Film Agreement [Sweden] Invitation to apply for new transmission permits for digital terrestrial TV [Sweden] Violence and sex in the media [Sweden]
Information Society Denmark may develop a strong basis for a computer game trade [Denmark] Licence to build nationwide digital mobile communications network [Finland] Tele Iceland sold [Iceland] "eNorway 2009 – the digital leap" [Norway]
Freedom of speech and copyright The Copyright Act has been amended [Sweden]
Media ownership Regional borders established, regulating media ownership [Norway]
The Nordic Council Film Prize 2005 to Denmark [Nordic cooperation] The Nordic Council Film Prize 2005 will go to Per Fly's “Drabet” (“Manslaughter”), an Ib Tardini production for Zentropa Entertainments, written by Kim Leona, Dorte Høgh, Mogens Rukov and Per Fly. The actual DKK 350,000 prize will be awarded on 26 October at a ceremony during the annual Session of the Nordic Council in Reykjavik. “Drabet” was chosen from among eight features and two documentaries nominated for the award. Jury members from all of the Nordic countries chose “Drabet” as "(a) great Nordic film, which speaks from the heart about timeless issues, but does so in the language of our time and on its own terms." >Read more. Source: Nordic News/the Nordic Council (12.10.2005) Top
New TV 4 channel transmitted from Finland [Nordic cooperation] TV 4 is now transmitting the new channel TV 4 Fakta from Finland, in order to evade a Swedish law regulating commercials. The channel, which focuses mainly on documentaries, reaches about one million households receiving signals from cable networks and satellite television.
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”This procedure enables TV Fakta to transmit 50 per cent more commercials”, Managing Director of TV 4, says Jan Scherman, according to >Svenska Dagbladet, and he calls it a consequence of the non-adaptation of Swedish law to the EU regulation in this area. During 2006, TV 4 will launch more channels aimed at Swedish viewers, but transmitted from Finland, Svenska Dagbladet writes. TV 4 Fakta is being transmitted by the broadcaster MTV 3, owned by the majority shareholders in the TV 4 company, Bonnier and Proventus. Thus the broadcaster evades the restrictive Swedish law regulating commercial breaks in programmes as well as the content of commercials. The main reason for the TV 4 Fakta transmissions from Finland is that they will make it easier for TV 4 to ally itself with other Nordic broadcasters, in order to transmit different language versions of the documentaries in several countries, >Dagens Nyheter writes. The newspaper also points out that the EU-adapted Finnish law on commercials allows for transmissions containing 15 per cent commercials, as compared to 10 per cent in Sweden. Even though it is not prohibited, TV 4 Fakta will not transmit commercials aimed at children, says Göran Ellung, Information Manager at TV 4. On the other hand, the channel will transmit commercials for political parties and commercials promoting the sale of beer and wine. Source: Svenska Dagbladet (6.9.2005)/Dagens Nyheter (15.9.2005) Top
Nordic Game Potential 2005 [Nordic cooperation] Nordic computer games will be put on the agenda during the conference Nordic Game Potential 2005, held in Malmö, Sweden on 23 – 24 November. The aim of the conference is to stress the need to create Nordic alternatives to the international productions dominating the computer game arena, according to the Nordic Council of Ministers. “The conference is a follow-up to last year's Nordic Game Potential and welcomes people from the games business, scholars, educators, politicians, cultural workers and others interested in sharing their ideas, discussing strategies and projects within this field. The programme will include, among other things, a presentation of the Nordic Council of Ministers' future media programme for computer games for children and young people”, writes Valhalla, the Nordic Council of Ministers’ portal for children´s and youth culture in the Nordic countries, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Northwest Russia. Go to the >website of Nordic Game Potential Source: Valhalla/the Nordic Council of Ministers (7.7.2005) Top
Distribution grants to newspapers increase by 3 per cent in 2006 [Printed media] [Denmark] The Government wants to spend DKK 298.1 million for distribution grants to newspapers in the fiscal year 2006. For 2005, the grants amounted to DKK 289 million, Dansk Fagpresse writes. This corresponds to an average of DKK 2.56 per distributed copy. A report from a commission appointed by the Ministry of Finance will constitute the basis for political discussions concerning amendments, during 2006, to the system of distribution grants to newspapers. The Government has announced that it will secure future grants also for the weeklies and monthlies, but not how this will be executed, Dansk Fagpresse writes. The Minister of Finance also proposes that, for 2006, the special system of grants to selected weeklies and monthlies should remain at the same level as the previous year, some DKK 40 million, of which DKK 5 million must be reserved for publications distributing less than 3,000 copies. Source: Dansk Fagpresse (25.8.2005) Top
Brighter times for the Finnish newspaper business
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[Printed media] [Finland] After years of stagnation, the readership figures of most of the Finnish dailies show an increase. One survey comprising some 30,000 people, commissioned by Levikintarkastus OY (AB Upplagekontroll), confirms the upward tendency shown by the circulation figures for 2004, the Swedish trade journal Pressens Tidning writes. The newspapers with the largest circulation, Helsingin Sanomat, Aamulehti and Turun Sanomat, experienced an increase in readership from one to five per cent. The largest daily, Helsingin Sanomat, also had the largest increase. The evening papers Ilta-Sanomat and Iltalehti increased their readership by one and ten per cent, respectively. Source: Pressens Tidning (20.9.2005) Top
Love of reading and reading ability to be promoted [Printed media] [Sweden] The Government proposes in a >White Paper on language ("Bästa språket - en samlad svensk språkpolitik" [The best language – an integrated Swedish language policy]) that several aims should be emphasized when trying to attain a national policy on language. One of the aims is to strengthen efforts to promote long-term reading habits in children and young people who do not have Swedish as their mother tongue. In the White Paper, it is pointed out that much has been done already, through libraries, schools and organizations, to increase reading among children and young people. The Swedish National Council for Cultural Affairs publishes an annual catalogue of children’s literature, and the Government wants to commission the Council to improve information on books for children and youth published in languages other than Swedish. In addition, the Government intends to strengthen the grants for literature in order to republish classics, namely the series “The Greatest Classics of All Times”. The National Council for Cultural Affairs and the organization ”En bok för alla” (Books for Everyone) have been commissioned to improve efforts aimed at people who are not accustomed to constant reading, through further investigations of how literature and reading may be promoted at workplaces, for instance through special workplace libraries. Source: The Ministry of Education, Research and Culture (29.9.2005) Top
Tax on advertisements to be decreased [Printed media] [Sweden] Representatives of the Swedish Newspaper Publishers’ Association and the Swedish Magazine Publishers Association look forward to a reduction in the special tax put on advertisements that publishers of dailies and weeklies must pay. The Government’s proposal for the 2006 budget implies a decrease of a total of SEK 130 million for the dailies, while the weeklies will save SEK 30 million compared to 2005. According to a press release from the Ministry of Finance, the decrease will be from the earlier rate of 4 per cent to 3 per cent for ordinary newspapers, and the tax on advertisements for the remaining printed press should be decreased from 11 to 8 per cent. In addition, the tax limit (the advertisement revenue level at which taxation starts) will be increased from SEK 12 to 50 million for the dailies, and from SEK 6 to 10 million for the popular and trade press. The Minister of Finance, Mr. Pär Nuder, will not set a date for abolition of the tax, but points out that this time the Government can afford an annual decrease of SEK 300 million, according to the trade journal Pressens Tidning. Source: The Ministry of Finance (20.9.2005) and Pressens Tidning edition 14/2005)
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Danish promotion of public service research [Audiovisual media] [Sweden]
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The Radio and Television Board has published a report describing how the management of public service companies in a host of European countries is organized. The work leading to the report was started during the fall of 2004 and includes countries that are usually comparable to Denmark with regard to media conditions. According to a >press release, the Minister of Culture, Mr. Brian Mikkelsen, says that the report will be taken into consideration when making preparations for a new Media Agreement (2007-2010), which must secure the Danish public broadcaster, DR, the best possibilities to remain and further develop as a strong public service institution. It is anticipated that the outline for a new Media Agreement will be published first in 2006. The announcement of grants for research related to programmes produced and transmitted by public service companies constitutes another part of the efforts to reach a conclusion on a new Media Agreement. The project is being administered by the Radio and Television Board, and the themes chosen for the research are plurality, fairness and impartiality, journalistic quality, opportunities for the public to make complaints and the challenges posed by the development of a multimedia world. Source: The Ministry of Culture (7.9.2005) Top
Danish films increase in popularity at the box office [Audiovisual media] [Denmark] Statistics Denmark's half-year report shows a marked increase in tickets sold to indigenous films: 1.9 million tickets were sold to Danish films alone in the first six months of 2005, the highest figure for the period in over 20 years, according to a press release from the Danish Film Institute. While tickets sold to “all films” in Denmark in the same period show a decline of 5 per cent, declining box office sales is a marked tendency almost worldwide. Considering the wide and varied array of Danish films coming up in the second half of 2005, total ticket sales for Danish films for the year are likely to equal or better the results for the record year 2001, when 3.7 million tickets were sold; this is stated in the >press release. Source: The Danish Film Institute (30.8.2005) Top
Political agreement on shutdown of the analogue terrestrial television network in 2009 [Audiovisual media] [Denmark] The analogue terrestrial television network will be shut down by the end of October 2009, according to an agreement entered between the Government and the parties Socialdemokratiet, Det Radikale Venstre, Socialistisk Folkeparti and Dansk Folkeparti. A digital terrestrial network is under construction. The decision to close down the analogue network in 2009 has been taken to secure Denmark optimal digital transmission possibilities through international negotiations on the distribution of frequencies, running to June 2006, a common >press release from the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation states. Public broadcaster DR and TV2/Danmark will start their digital transmissions in 2006. A broad assembly of television companies, distributors, dealers, consumer associations and public authorities has agreed to establish a forum for information, coordination and standardization in connection with the introduction of digital terrestrial television in Denmark, according to a press release from the Media Secretariat on 5 October 2005. The initiative was taken by DR and BFE (Branchen ForbrugerElektronik, a trade association). Source: The Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (22.6.2005) Top
Nearly 100 per cent coverage by digital terrestrial TV network
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[Audiovisual media] [Finland] The digital terrestrial TV network now covers the whole of mainland Finland and reaches 99.9 per cent of households, >according to YLE Communications (press release in English). 31 August 2007 is the date set for the full shutdown of the analogue terrestrial television network. The national digitization work, which has taken five years, will now be completed. Supplementary transmitters will be added to the network in more than 50 regions over the next two years. Supply of digital television output will increase gradually. Twelve television channels, free of charge, and four subscription channels are available to 74 per cent of the population. Ten digital channels are now available to 94 per cent of the population. YLE has abandoned its experimental DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) transmissions, and will now use the digital television network for radio transmissions, according to a >press release on 30 August 2005 (in English). Source: YLE Communications (8.8.2005/30.8.2005) Top
More diverse programmes offered via digital television [Audiovisual media] [Finland] 2004 was the first year in which the supply of programming offered via digitally distributed channels showed greater diversity than did the programming transmitted via the analogue network. This was the main finding of the survey “Finländskt tv-utbud 2004”, commissioned by the Ministry of Transport and Communications. With the exception of the channel FST-D (for the Swedish speaking population), the digital channels are highly specialized. However, seen as a whole, the digital channels offer a slightly broader variety of programmes than do the analogue full-service channels, the Ministry says, citing the survey. YLE’s public service channels TV 1 and TV 2 moved in a more informative direction during 2004, and they also became more differentiated from each other, according to a press release from the Ministry. Source: The Ministry of Transport and Communications (16.6.2005) Top
Iceland gets a new TV news channel [Audiovisual media] [Iceland] A new TV channel, owned by the media company 365 prent- og ljósvakamiðlar, will start its activities during the fall of 2005, transmitting mainly news stories. The head of the news section at 365 says that the intention is to establish a news service within the company, called Fréttavaktin (News Watch). It will take care of the news service for the already established channels Bylgjan, Talstöðin and Visir.is, and also the newspaper Fréttablaðið, in addition to the new TV channel. The synergy effects will hopefully make Fréttavaktin an efficient news service. Source: The Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (16.9.2005) Top
New Director General for Iceland’s Radio [Audiovisual media] [Iceland] Mr. Páll Magnússon was appointed as the new Director for Iceland’s Radio, starting on 1 September 2005. He was appointed by the Minister of Education, following Markús Örn Antonsson, who is now Iceland’s new ambassador to Canada. Páll Magnússon is an experienced TV journalist from Iceland’s radio, and administrative leader of the TV company Stöð 2. He is expected to make changes in the way Iceland’s Radio carries out its activities, following an anticipated amendment in the Parliament to the guidelines for the company’s activities and role.
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Source: The Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (6.9.2005) Top
One application for digital terrestrial television network [Audiovisual media] [Norway] The Ministry of Transport and Communications and the Ministry of Culture and Church Affairs have received one application for the licence to operate and build a digital terrestrial television network in Norway, according to a >>press release (in English). The applicant is Norges televisjon (NTV). The company is owned by NRK (state-owned public service broadcaster), TV2 (privately owned, commercial public service broadcaster) and Telenor Broadcast Holding AS (transmission and distribution of TV content, subsidiary of Norway’s largest telecommunication company). This invitation to tender was made public on 30 June of this year. The original invitation to tender for the licence was made public in 2002. The only applicant was NTV – then a joint venture of NRK and TV2. In the subsequent process to determine the final conditions of the licence, NTV, in February of this year, applied for an extension of the licence period from twelve to fifteen years. Consequently, on 7 March of this year, other interested parties were invited to notify of their interest to tender for the licence under the altered licence conditions. Telenor Broadcast Holding notified the Ministry of Transport and Communications of their interest by the set deadline of 2 May. The Ministry of Transport and Communications and the Ministry of Culture and Church Affairs, thus, decided that the licence tender must be issued anew. The Ministry of Transport and Communications and the Ministry of Culture and Church Affairs will now review the application to ensure that it fulfils the obligations of the invitation to tender. The application will also be sent to the Norwegian competition authorities for consideration of matters of fair competition. Source: The Ministry of Transport and Communications and the Ministry of Culture and Church Affairs (30.9.2005) Top
Differentiated system of sanctions in the Broadcasting Act [Audiovisual media] [Norway] A prohibition on hidden advertisements and a more precise definition of the term “hidden advertisements” are among the amendments to the Broadcasting Act, in force since 1 July 2005. Other amendments concern regulation intended to give a more differentiated system of sanctions for breaches of the Act and its provisions, according to the Media Authority. Wider authority has been given to prohibit relays of foreign television programmes considered to be seriously damaging to the mental health of children. The Media Authority may now prohibit sales, rentals and marketing of devices or services meant to give access to channels that offer illegal programmes, i.e. access cards to satellite channels. Source: The Media Authority (7.7.2005) Top
New Swedish film policy and a new Film Agreement [Audiovisual media] [Sweden] Shared responsibility for execution of the film policy is proposed in the Government’s White Paper, 2005/06:3, "Fokus på film - en ny svensk filmpolitik" (Focus on film – a new Swedish film policy), which has been sent to the Parliament. The White Paper stresses primarily that the new Film Agreement must concentrate on the areas of production grants for Swedish films and certain grants for the distribution and screening of films in the whole of Sweden, which will be (and are now) the responsibility of the Swedish Film Institute. The Government wants to take over responsibility for financing other activities previously covered by the Swedish Film Institute, mainly in the area of film culture, according to a press release.
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The strengthening of the film policy was one of the main points in the Culture Budget put forward by the Government on 20 September 2005. Source: The Ministry of Education, Research and Culture (29.9.2005) Top
Invitation to apply for new transmission permits for digital terrestrial TV [Audiovisual media] [Sweden] The Government has commissioned the Radio and Television Authority to send out an invitation to apply for new transmission permits for digital terrestrial television for the years 2006 and 2007. The Authority must investigate whether the companies that at present have permits want to prolong their permits until the end of 2007, and whether they want to make any amendments to the permits. All of the present permits run to the end of 2005, according to a press release from the Ministry of Education, Research and Culture. ”I now take an initiative to bring about a broader selection and more free channels,” the Minister of Education, Research and Culture, Mr. Leif Pagrotsky says. “Hopefully, this will stimulate the development of new, exciting services.” Today, twenty companies have transmission permits for 33 national or regional TV channels. The Government’s judgment is that there is room for a few additional nationwide TV channels. On 21 November 2005, at the latest, the Radio and Television Authority must present a proposal to the Government, indicating which of the applicants the Authority prefers. At the closing date for applications, 26 applicants had submitted 34 applications, the Radio and Television Authority > announced (in English) on 5 October 2005. On 19 September 2005, shutdown of the Swedish analogue terrestrial television network started in some areas; it will be finished on 1 February 2008, at the latest. Source: The Ministry of Education, Research and Culture (8.9.2005) Top
Violence and sex in the media [Audiovisual media] [Sweden] A large majority of the Swedish population feel that violence, sex and pornography have a negative influence on children and young people. This is one of the findings of a survey conducted by the Media Council and Nordicom, comprising 3,000 persons between the age of 15 and 18. A similar survey was conducted in 2000, and it is now clear that more young people today than in 2000 are of the opinion that media violence has a negative effect. One clear tendency today is that more young people, especially young women, believe in the media’s negative influence. This mainly applies to computer games, but also to the sex depicted in docusoaps. One fourth of the respondents, however, feel that sex and pornography may have positive effects, for instance through increased knowledge of sexual relations. In this group of respondents, young people, especially young men, are predominating. On the other hand, the respondents have great confidence in effective remedial action. Ethical regulation of the media and information campaigns aimed at parents are the most effective of the remedial actions, according to the Swedish respondents. Confidence in technical filters blocking net content has increased a great deal since 2000, while confidence in media education in schools has decreased noticeably, according to >a press release from the Ministry of Education, Research and Culture. The results from the survey have been compiled by Nordicom’s director, Ms. Ulla Carlsson, in the report "Våld och pornografi i medierna - åsikter om medievåldets och pornografins påverkan på unga människor" (Violence and pornography in the media – opinions on the effects of media violence and pornography on young people). The report may be >ordered from Nordicom. Source: The Ministry of Education, Research and Culture/the Media Council/Nordicom (31.8.2005) Top
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Denmark may develop a strong basis for a computer game trade [Information Society] [Denmark] There is great potential for the development of economically strong and creative Danish computer game companies, according to a survey published by the Danish Film Institute and the Media Secretariat. The conclusion is that it is possible to compete with huge international companies and to develop games rooted in Danish and Nordic history and societies. The survey was financed by the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Economic and Business Affairs According to a press release, the Minister of Culture, Mr. Brian Mikkelsen, says that several of the participants in the survey sought education programmes particularly aimed at the needs of the computer game trade. Mr. Mikkelsen is pleased to see that a network-based education programme for computer game developers has been brought into existence, thanks to collaboration between the Danish Film School, the Danish School of Design and several of the universities. Source: The Ministry of Culture (8.9.2005) Top
Licence to build nationwide digital mobile communications network [Information Society] [Finland] The Government of Finland has granted an operating licence to build a new digital mobile communications network. Flash-OFDM was chosen as the technology for the network. This is the first time in the world the technology will be used extensively in mobile networks, the Ministry of Transport and Communications >announces (in English). The Government granted the licence to Digita Oy on 22 June 2005. The network will be built using the frequency released from NMT 450 service. Digita is committed to building the network in three stages. The first stage includes sparsely populated areas, such as Lapland and Eastern Finland, the archipelago and coastal areas. This stage will be completed in September 2006. Nearly all of Finland will be covered by December 2007, and the last shadow regions by September 2009. Source: The Ministry of Transport and Communications (22.6.2005) Top
Tele Iceland sold [Information Society] [Iceland] Tele Iceland was sold to the highest bidder on 29 July 2005, entailing the completion of one of the largest privatizations in the history of Iceland. Three binding tenders came in, the highest amounting to ISK 66.7 billion. The bidder was the investment company Skipti ehf., which has two majority owners, Exixta and KB banken, in addition to four pension funds and several smaller private investors. The Prime Minister, Mr. Halldór Ásgrímsson, says that the result of the sale of Tele Iceland is good news for the Finance Ministry. The selling price was slightly higher than Mr. Ásgrímsson had expected. The first General Assembly after the privatization of Tele Iceland was held on 17 September, and a new Board was chosen for the company. The new Chairman of the Board, Mr. Lýður Guðmundsson, says that he sees exciting challenges ahead, for a company that is under constant development. Source: The Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (20.9.2005) Top
"eNorway 2009 – the digital leap" [Information Society] [Norway] "eNorge 2009 - det digitale spranget", (eNorway 2009 – the digital leap) is the title of the Government’s plan of action for the changeover to digital public services. Before the end of 2007, it should be possible for Norwegians to choose the option to receive all mail from public services as e-mail, the Ministry of Modernisation announces.
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Another main point in the plan of action is that, before the end of 2008, access to public data should be simplified, free access being the principle. Before the end of 2009, all relevant public services should be available via the Internet, according to the press release from the Ministry. Read more about MyPage, a virtual service office, a web portal for easy access to all Norwegian public services accessible on the Internet. Source: The Ministry of Modernisation (27.6.2005) Top
The Copyright Act has been amended [Freedom of speech and copyright] [Sweden] The development of digital media technology has created the need to re-evaluate the Copyright Act. Since 1 July 2005, a new regulation has been adopted, strengthening copyright holders’ position, and at the same time balancing their right against important common interests, the Ministry of Justice writes in a >press release. The new regulation comprises, among other things, copying of music, books and films. In addition, schools, libraries and physically impaired persons may utilize material protected by copyright. The regulation also implies that it is prohibited to manufacture products that evade technical devices protecting material covered by copyright. The new regulation is based on the EC Directive 2002/29/EC of 22 May 2001, on the harmonization of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society (known as "the copyright directive") and two international agreements. Source: The Ministry of Justice (1.7.2005) Top
Regional borders established, regulating media ownership [Media ownership] [Norway] On 1 July 2005, Section 11 of the Media Ownership Act came into force. The Section, establishing regional borders, was adopted on 17 December 2004, but did not become effective on 1 January 2005, as did the other amendments to the Act. In a cabinet meeting on 1 July 2005, provisions of the Act were adopted, the Media Authority >announces. The Section says that considerable ownership in a regional media market is regarded as 60 per cent or more of the total daily circulation of region newspapers or local newspapers within one media region. Source: The Media Authority (1.7.2005) Top
The newsletter contains links to other websites that offer more thorough coverage of issues. When websites containing external sources are reconstructed (with regard to structure or content), this unfortunately often results in broken links. We also would like to recommend Media Law in the Nordic Countries. Here you will find a general overview of media legislation in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, covering copyright, freedom of speech and media pluralism, audiovisual media, print media and the information society. The overview is an integrated part of Nordicom’s documentation of Nordic media development.
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