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Next Generation Wireless Communications Using Radio over Fiber Description:

A vision for wireless communications advanced by optical transmission possibilities, showing how this technology provides essential advantages for the implementation of wireless systems Next Generation Wireless Communications using Radio over Fiber brings together key aspects of wireless, networking and photonics technologies which will be fundamental in achieving the vision of ultra–high–bit–rate mobile access with relatively limited spectrum resource. In particular, the book sets out the significant advantages of wireless communication systems based on distributed antennas with centralized signal processing supported by radio over fiber optical links to enable the required coordinated radio transmission schemes. The radio over fiber network architecture and technology choices, the wireless algorithms that can efficiently and fairly use the available spectrum, together with other considerations, such as network management and the business case proposition are all covered. The book will be of use to all involved in the research, development or planning of future mobile networks, and of interest to anyone working at the interface of RF and photonic systems or technologies. Although a number of technology options and algorithms are reviewed, the book presents a coherent vision for future wireless/mobile communication systems using distributed antennas from which further investigations can be launched. Key features:– - Presents a single, coherent vision for future wireless systems employing distributed antenna systems, technical feasibility of fiber supported virtual or distributed MIMO (Multiple–Input Multiple–Output) concepts, from the component technology through to systems - Provides key demonstration setups and results validating the concept of the proposed co–ordinated multipoint algorithms - Gives a business evaluation, showing the potential economic benefits to operators

Contents:

List of Contributors xiii Foreword xv Preface xvii Acknowledgments xxi List of Abbreviations xxiii 1 Background and Introduction 1 Paulo P. Monteiro, Atýlio Gameiro and Nathan J. Gomes 1.1 The Trends and Challenges to Achieving 4G Wireless 2 1.2 The FUTON Concept for Next–Generation Distributed and Heterogeneous Radio Architectures 8 1.3 Overview of this Book 12 2 Trends inWireless Communications 17 Aarne Mammela, Mika Lasanen and Jarno Pinola 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 Basic Transmission Problems and Solutions 18 2.3 Regulation and Standardization 37

2.4 Conclusions 41 3 System Concepts for the Central Processing of Signals 47 Atýlio Gameiro and Daniel Castanheira 3.1 Introduction 47 3.2 Wireless Trends 48 3.3 Architecture Options 51 3.4 The Global Centralized Architecture 52 3.5 FUTON Scenarios 55 3.6 The Optical Infrastructure 58 3.7 Conclusions 60 4 Introduction to Radio over Fiber 61 Nathan J. Gomes and David Wake 4.1 Introduction 61 4.2 The Concept of a Radio over Fiber System 62 4.3 Categories of Radio over Fiber Systems 64 4.4 Performance of Radio over Fiber Systems 72 4.5 Applications of Radio over Fiber Technology 79 4.6 Conclusions 84 5 Radio over Fiber System Design for Distributed Broadband Wireless Systems 91 David Wake and Nathan J. Gomes 5.1 Introduction 91 5.2 Radio over Fiber Link Design Issues 93 5.3 Example Link Design 97 5.4 Analog or Digital Transmission? 108 5.5 Conclusions 110 6 Optical Network Architectures for the Support of Future Wireless Systems 113 Sýlvia Pato and Jo~ao Pedro 6.1 Introduction 113 6.2 Using PONs to Support Radio over Fiber Services 114 6.3 Candidate Architectures 117 6.4 Power–Loss Budget Analysis 122 6.5 Comparative Economic Analysis 128 6.6 Support of Legacy Systems 130

6.7 Conclusions 131 7 Optical Transmitters for Low–Cost Broadband Transport 133 Guilhem de Valicourt, Romain Brenot, Frederic Van Dijk and Guanghua Duan 7.1 Introduction 133 7.2 Basics of Semiconductor Lasers and Reflective SOAs 133 7.3 Semiconductor Lasers for Radio over Fiber Applications 139 7.4 Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers 148 7.5 Conclusions 157 8 Algorithms for Coordinated Multipoint Techniques 159 Fabian Diehm, Mohamed Kamoun and Gerhard Fettweis 8.1 Introduction 159 8.2 Basic Ideas about CoMP 160 8.3 CoMP in Cellular Systems: Benefits and Practical Design 163 8.4 Numerical Illustrations of CoMP Concepts 169 8.5 CoMP in the FUTON System Concept 174 8.6 The FUTON Prototype: CoMP with the FUTON RoF Architecture 177 8.7 Conclusions 186 9 Cross–Layer Resource Allocation and Scheduling 191 Ilkka Harjula, Mikko Hiivala, Vinay Uday Prabhu, Dimitris Toumpakaris and Huiling Zhu 9.1 Introduction 191 9.2 Low–Complexity Chunk–Based Resource Allocation for the Downlink 192 9.3 Modified MAC–Aware Per–User Unitary Rate Control Scheme 197 9.4 Channel Estimation Based on Superimposed Pilots 201 9.5 Conclusions 209 10 Compensation of Impairments in the Radio over Fiber Infrastructure 211 Atso Hekkala, Mika Lasanen, Mikko Hiivala, Luis Vieira, Nathan J. Gomes, Vincent Kotzsch and Gerhard Fettweis 10.1 Introduction 211 10.2 Compensation Techniques for RoF Links 212 10.3 RoF Link Model 214 10.4 Distortion Compensation Algorithms and Architectures 222 10.5 Distortion Compensation Analyses, Simulations and Measurements 227 10.6 Impact of Timing Delays in Centralized Distributed Antenna Systems 232 10.7 Conclusions 243

11 Radio over Fiber Network Management 247 Carlos Santiago, Bodhisattwa Gangopadhyay and ArturArsenio 11.1 Introduction 247 11.2 Overview of RoF Management Systems 248 11.3 RoF Manager Architecture 251 11.4 Interoperation of RoF Manager and Middleware 256 11.5 Conclusions 262 12 System–Level Evaluation 265 Ramiro Samano–Robles and Atýlio Gameiro 12.1 Introduction 265 12.2 System–Level Simulation of Wireless Networks and DAS 269 12.3 The FUTON System–Level Simulator 272 12.4 Radio Resource Management Implementation for the DBWS 285 12.5 Results of the Simulation 286 12.6 Conclusions 289 13 Business Evaluation and Perspectives 291 George Agapiou, Vitor Sim~oes Ribeiro, Angela Maria Ferro Venturi, Silmar Freire Palmeira and A. Manuel de Oliveira Duarte 13.1 Introduction 291 13.2 Evolution of Services in Advanced Access Technologies 292 13.3 Business Model Description 293 13.4 Business Plan 294 13.5 Market Characterization 296 13.6 Modeling the Business Plan 297 13.7 Deployment Models 304 13.8 Conclusions 312 14 Summary and Conclusions 313 Paulo P. Monteiro, Atýlio Gameiro and Nathan J. Gomes 14.1 Introduction 313 14.2 Main Achievements of the FUTON Project 313 14.3 Technical Benefits 314 14.4 Business Benefits 315 14.5 Business Vision 315 References 316

Index 317

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