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New York City Transit
APTA 2010 New York City 1
Program Design (Subway) • Subway Route Selection – 21 major subway routes carry > 5 million weekday riders – Every subway route in program carries > 100,000 daily riders – 6 line is busiest (700,000 daily riders)
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New York City Transit
APTA 2010 New York City 2
Program Design (Bus) • Bus Route Selection – Selected 42 of the ~200 route NYCT bus system – Representing all Boroughs – Top 45 routes in the bus system carry between 60,000 and 16,000 passengers a day
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New York City Transit
APTA 2010 New York City 3
Measurement Standards 08:00
08:04
08:08
08:12
08:16
08:20
08:24
Scheduled
•
Headway Regularity – How evenly distributed actual bus or subway service is in relation to scheduled service
•
En-route Schedule Adherence (ESA)
4 min.
08:00
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New York City Transit
08:05
4 min.
4 min.
08:08
4 min.
08:19
08:20
08:23
08:24
5 min.
3 min.
11 min.
1 min.
3 min.
Wait Assessment
;
;
:
;
;
;
5/6 = 83%
Headway Regularity
;
;
:
:
;
:
3/6 = 50%
On-Time Performance
;
;
;
: ;
0:12 0:11
2008/06/08 #208816299
08:00-09:46
1 min.
; ;
6/7 = 86%
En-route Schedule Adherence
73%
Headway Regularity
76%
Wait Assessment
84%
42 ST (SB)
0:10 0:09 0:08
Wait Assessment (WA)
0:07 0:06 0:05 0:04 0:03 0:02 Interval (Minutes)
– Sets a fixed threshold for acceptable service – Not penalized in bunched and unevenly spaced service
4 min.
Actual
– Assesses timekeeping and schedule accuracy along en-route timepoints
•
4 min.
0:01 0:00 8:10
8:15
8:20
Scheduled Time
8:25
8:30
8:35
8:40
8:45
Scheduled Headway
8:50
8:55
9:00
9:05
Regularity Bounds
9:10
9:15
9:20
WA Bound
9:25
9:30
9:35
Actual Headway
APTA 2010 New York City 4
Definitions and Examples Subway: 6am-midnight Not published for buses
10
Subway: 6am-midnight
mins + 25%) Buses: 7am-midnight
Subway: +25% of headway Bus: +3 mins (Peak), +5 mins (Off-Peak)
Peak: 6am-9am 4pm-7pm
Subway: 6am-midnight Buses: 7am-midnight
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New York City Transit
APTA 2010 New York City 5
Sampling Plan 2
• Sample size based on
n = Z p(1 – p) 2 d
– Required accuracy and precision – Available survey resources
• Combined sample creation and scheduling algorithm maximizes resource utilization • Sample Design – Weekday is divided into five shifts – Each shift is a six-hour assignment for one surveyor – Sample is picked by route, location, and block to maximally represent trunk locations
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New York City Transit
where n = sample size, Z = confidence limit (1.960 for 95%, two-tailed), p = probability of successful (passing) trips, and d = expected margin of error (5%).
Pick 1 Pick 2 Pick 3
Trunk Branch Trunk
Trunk
Branch
Trunk
APTA 2010 New York City 6
Data Collection •
Traditionally Manually Collected by Field Surveyors – Pre-printed data collection forms
•
Paper Forms for Bus Data Replaced in 2008 – Electronic data collection – Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) application
•
Subway Lines 1 ~ 6 uses signal system data – Automated Train Supervision (ATS-A) system
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New York City Transit
Route ID
New Bus
Destination (Dropdown Menu) E 125 ST / LEXINGTON AV (13625)
Run No.
041
Note
1125
(Entry Field)
Bus No. (Entry Field)
M103
21342 032 1047
17:55:36 17:57:03
M101
13625 041 1125
17:56:40
Leave Time Arrive Time
Relief No. (Entry Field)
APTA 2010 New York City 7
Data Processing •
Automated Traffic Clerking (ATC) – client-server system – backend analysis engine
•
Bus Analysis Module – Automatically match schedule and actual times – Computes Regularity, WA and ESA
•
Subway Analysis Module – Uses Train Registers – Manual spreadsheet process – Import results into ATC
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New York City Transit
APTA 2010 New York City 8
•
Disaggregated Data – Systemwide – by Borough – by Route
•
Main Purpose is to Monitor Service – – – – –
“Public Watchdog” Transparency Accountability Public Trust Used by Rider Advocacy Groups
Wait Assessment (7am - midnight) 100 90 % OF INTERVALS COMPLIANT
Public Reporting
Bus Performance Indicator
82.8
83.0
83.9
82.6
1st Half 2008
2nd Half 2008
1st Half 2009
2nd Half 2009
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Definition Wait Assessment is measured weekdays between 7:00 a.m. and midnight, when service is relatively frequent. It is defined as the percentage of observed service intervals that are no more than the scheduled interval plus 3 minutes during peak (7 a.m. – 9 a.m., 4 p.m. – 7 p.m.) and plus 5 during off-peak (9 a.m. – 4 p.m, . 7 p.m. – 12 a.m.) The results presented are for a sample of 42 high-volume bus routes (and 10 associated limitedstop services).
2009 Annual Goals: Semi-Annual Results
Wait Assessment: 82.9% Wait Assessment 2nd Half 2009 82.6% 1st Half 2009 83.9% 2nd Half 2008 83.0% 1st Half 2008 82.8%
Discussion of Results: an increase/decrease of less than 1% is statistically unchanged. 2nd Half 2009 vs. 2nd Half 2008: Bus Wait Assessment results remained statistically unchanged (0.4%).
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New York City Transit
APTA 2010 New York City 9
Internal Reporting •
M15 - Local Northbound 1 AVE / E 42 ST Weekday 01/01/07 - 12/31/07 Enroute On-Time Performance (1900-0000)
Facilitates Corrective Actions
40.0%
12.0%
67.4%
19.6%
1.1%
35.0%
30.0%
Total Trips (%)
– Developed internal reports in partnership with operating departments – Troubleshoots consistently early or late problems – Detailed reporting on a bi-weekly basis
25.0% 20.7%
20.0%
15.0% 12.0% 12.0%
10.0%
8.7%
8.7% 6.5%
6.5% 5.4% 4.3%
5.0%
3.3% 2.2%
2.2%
2.2%
2.2%
1.1% 0.0%
1.1%
1.1%
0.0%
0.0% >5
5
4
3
2
1
0
Minutes Early
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
> 10
N/O
Minutes Late
On-Time
Deviation from Scheduled Minutes (Note: N/O = Not Observed)
REPORTED Q58
Local Trips
SPH
Date
Dir
StopID
647130 647160 647134 647200 647320 647252 647747 647714 647882 647914
10/2/08 10/3/08 10/3/08 10/6/08 10/9/08 10/10/08 10/13/08 10/13/08 10/15/08 10/16/08
EB EB WB EB EB EB WB WB EB EB
16465 16465 48829 16465 16465 11290 15630 48829 48805 11290
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Location
StartTime
CORONA AV / JUNCTION BL CORONA AV / JUNCTION BL FRESH POND RD / METROPO CORONA AV / JUNCTION BL CORONA AV / JUNCTION BL FRESH POND RD / METROPO GRAND AV / QUEENS BL FRESH POND RD / METROPO 108 ST / HORACE HARDING B FRESH POND RD / METROPO
New York City Transit
1345 2100 1730 630 2100 1345 2100 1015 1015 2100
6
37
181
29
7
260
2.3%
14.2%
69.6%
11.2%
2.7%
EndTime
NIS
Early
On- Time
Late
Late >10
Obsv.
NIS
Early
On- Time
Late
Late >10
1645 0 2030 930 0 1645 0 1415 1415 0
0 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 2
4 0 2 1 8 5 9 3 3 2
15 11 23 29 9 18 15 32 16 13
4 5 7 3 2 3 0 0 5 0
0 2 1 3 0 1 0 0 0 0
23 19 33 38 19 28 24 35 24 17
0.0% 5.3% 0.0% 5.3% 0.0% 3.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 11.8%
17.4% 0.0% 6.1% 2.6% 42.1% 17.9% 37.5% 8.6% 12.5% 11.8%
65.2% 57.9% 69.7% 76.3% 47.4% 64.3% 62.5% 91.4% 66.7% 76.5%
17.4% 26.3% 21.2% 7.9% 10.5% 10.7% 0.0% 0.0% 20.8% 0.0%
0.0% 10.5% 3.0% 7.9% 0.0% 3.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Wait Assessment
77.8% 76.5% 76.7% 72.4% 82.4% 77.8% 95.5% 97.0% 90.9% 86.7%
APTA 2010 New York City 10
Special Programs •
Scheduled Running Time Recalibration – Periodic Adjustment for Traffic Conditions
•
Dispatcher Programs – Respond to performance declines – Respond to community reliability concerns
•
Pilot Program Monitoring – Monitor new or revised operating plans
•
Dispatching Strategy Evaluation – Monitor pilot subway dispatching methods
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New York City Transit
APTA 2010 New York City 11
Summary • • • •
•
Rider advocacy groups adopt NYCT’s performance measures Senior management set goals for operating areas Cooperation between Operations Planning and Field Management Extensive technology infrastructure to collect, process, and analyze large volumes of data Monitoring performance of pilot service plans, dispatcher programs, and dispatching strategy
BMT Nassau Loop, Chambers St. Terminal
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New York City Transit
Photo: Fred Guenther
APTA 2010 New York City 12
Future Work •
Expanding Use of Automatically Collected Data – Automated Passenger Counter – Passenger Load Sensors – Automated Fare Collection – Automated Vehicle Locator
BMT Culver El, Bay Parkway
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New York City Transit
Photo: Fred Guenther
APTA 2010 New York City 13
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New York City Transit
APTA 2010 New York City 14
