Name: ______________________________
Date:_____
Stone Anatomy 11/11/11
Nervous System and Special Senses Review Worksheet
Part 1: Nervous Tissue 1. Describe the three functions of the nervous system. Sensory input: gathering information Integration: processes and interprets information Motor output: creates a response 2. What parts of the nervous system are included in the central nervous system and what parts of the nervous system are included in the peripheral nervous system? CNS: brain and spinal cord PNS: nerves outside the spinal cord 3. How are neurons and neuroglia different? neurons: conduct an electrical impulse neuroglia: supports neurons, do not conduct electrical impulses 4. List AND describe the 3 main regions of the neuron. dendrite: collects info and sends to cell body cell body: contains all organelles of the cell axon: sends info away from the cell body 5. Compare and contrast white and gray matter. white matter: include tracts (bundles of nerve fibers or neuron processes) gray matter: unmyelinated fibers/cell bodies 6. Match the terms with the appropriate definition. Key: action potential
depolarization
repolarization
sodium-potassium pump
a. Depolarization
Reversal of the resting potential owing to an influx of sodium ions
b. Repolarization
Period during which potassium ions are diffusing out of the neuron
c. Action potential
Transmission of the depolarization wave along the neuronal
membrane d. Sodium-potassium pump Mechanism that restores the resting membrane voltage and intracellular ionic concentrations
Name: ______________________________
Date:_____
Stone Anatomy 11/11/11
7. Using the following words draw a diagram a reflex arc. integration center
sensory neuron
association neuron
stimulus
receptor
motor neuron
effector
spinal cord
Part 2: Central Nervous System 8. Label the following diagrams of the brain. parietal lobe Frontal lobe Occipital lobe
corpus callosum thalamus
hypothalamus cerebellum
pons Brain stem
midbrain
temporal lobe cerebellum
pons Medulla oblongata
Name: ______________________________
Date:_____
Stone Anatomy 11/11/11
9. In which of the cerebral lobes (frontal, parietal, occipital, or temporal) would the following functional areas be found? auditory area
temporal
olfactory area temporal
primary motor area
frontal
visual area
somatic sensory area parietal
occipital
Broca’s area frontal
10. Match the appropriate structures with the following descriptions: thalamus
cerebellum
corpus callosum
pituitary gland
medulla oblongata
a. Medulla oblongata
most important autonomic center of the brain.
b. Cerebellum
coordinates complex muscular movements
c. Medulla oblongata
contains autonomic centers regulating heart rate,
respiration, and other visceral activities. d. Corpus callosum
large fiber tract connecting the cerebral hemispheres
e. Pituitary gland
part of the endocrine system
f.
the intermediate mass is part of it
Thalamus
11. What is the purpose of the cerebrospinal fluid? To protect the brain from physical trauma 12. Where is the cerebrospinal fluid made? Choroid plexus 13. List the three meninges in from superficial to deep. a. Dura – arachnoid mater - pia 14. What are two functions of the spinal cord? Two way conduction pathway to and from the brain, reflex center
Name: ______________________________
Date:_____
Stone Anatomy 11/11/11
Part 3: Peripheral Nervous System 15. Fill in the correct cranial nerve in each blank, each is used once. Key: I Olfactory
II Optic
V Trigeminal
VII Facial
VIII Vestibulocochlear
IX Glossopharyngeal
X Vagus
XII Hypoglossal
a. The retinal of the eye is served by the II Optic nerve. b. Facial expression is accomplished by the VII Facial nerve. c. The sense of smell is carried by the I Olfactory nerve. d. Moving the tongue is carried out by the XII Hypoglossal nerve. e. The sensation from rubbing your cheek against a puppy’s fur would be carried by the V Trigeminal nerve. f.
The X Vagus nerve carries impulses to and from the thorax and abdomen.
g. The IX Glossopharyngeal is the nerve fiber that allows you to speak. h. The VIII Vestibulocochlear nerve transmits sound and sense of balance. 16. Compare and contrast the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the nervous system belong to the autonomic nervous system. The sympathetic division mobilizes the body during extreme situations (fear, exercise, rage), the parasympathetic division allows us to “unwind” and conserve energy. Examples of effects of the sympathetic division include: glucose released into the blood, produces perspiration, dilates pupils. Examples of effects of parasympathetic division includes: decreasing rate of heart beat and constricts pupils. Match the nervous system disease with the description. Meningitis
Alzheimer’s disease
Parkinson’s disease
Huntington’s disease
Spina bifida
Cerebral palsy
a. Spina bifida
a disease in which the vertebrae form incompletely, in the
worst cases the spinal cord can protrude from the spine. b. Huntington’s disease a genetic disease that is caused by the overproduction of dopamine, one of its symptoms is chorea (flapping movements). c. Meningitis
a viral disease that can inflame and infect the meninges.
d. Parkinson’s disease a disease that strikes later in life, it results from a degeneration of dopamine-releasing neurons, symptoms include tremors and stiff movements e. Alzheimer’s disease
a disease that is associated with a shortage of acetylcholine,
people with this disease suffer from memory loss. f.
Cerebral palsy
a neuromuscular disability in which the voluntary muscles are
poorly controlled and spastic due to brain damage.
Name: ______________________________
Date:_____
Stone Anatomy 11/11/11
Part 4: The Eye and Vision 17. Label the following diagram of the eye. Vitreous humor Aqueous humor cornea pupil
Fovea centralis Optic disk Optic nerve
iris
choroid lens retina
18. Compare and contrast the functions of rod cells and cone cells. Rod cells and cone cells are both photoreceptors because they respond to light. Cones allow us to see the world in color, there are three varieties, blue light responsive, green light responsive, and red light responsive. Rod cells allow us to see in dim light and allow for peripheral vision. 19. Draw a diagram showing how light passes through an eye with emmetropia. Then draw a diagram showing how light passes through an eye with myopia. myopia emmetropia
20. Write a paragraph using all of the following words: accommodation, astigmatism, blind spot, cataract, glaucoma, and hyperopia. Accommodation is the adjustment of the eye for seeing objects at close range
Name: ______________________________
Date:_____
Stone Anatomy 11/11/11
Astigmatism is a visual defect resulting from irregularity in the lens or cornea of the eye causing the image to be out of focus The blind spot is the place in the eye where the photoreceptor cells are not, it is where the optic nerve meets the eye. A cataract is a partial or complete loss of transparency of the crystalline lens of the eye. Glaucoma is an abnormal increase of the pressure within the eye. Hyperopia is farsightedness, the light rays converge outside of the retina instead of on it.
Part 5: The Ear 21. Label the diagram of the ear
Semicircular canals stirrup anvil
Vestibular nerve
hammer Pinna
cochlea
Tympanic membrane Auditory tube External auditory canal
22. Explain the function of the organ of Corti in hearing. The organ of corti contains hair receptor nerves that respond to vibrations in the Tectorial membrane. 23. Describe how the equilibrium organs help maintain balance. These organs have gels that respond to changes in gravity. Hair neurons detect the movement of the gel and translate that information.