Nervous System and Special Senses

Name: ______________________________ Date:_____ Stone Anatomy 11/11/11 Nervous System and Special Senses Review Worksheet Part 1: Nervous Tissue 1...
Author: Louise Roberts
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Name: ______________________________

Date:_____

Stone Anatomy 11/11/11

Nervous System and Special Senses Review Worksheet

Part 1: Nervous Tissue 1. Describe the three functions of the nervous system. Sensory input: gathering information Integration: processes and interprets information Motor output: creates a response 2. What parts of the nervous system are included in the central nervous system and what parts of the nervous system are included in the peripheral nervous system? CNS: brain and spinal cord PNS: nerves outside the spinal cord 3. How are neurons and neuroglia different? neurons: conduct an electrical impulse neuroglia: supports neurons, do not conduct electrical impulses 4. List AND describe the 3 main regions of the neuron. dendrite: collects info and sends to cell body cell body: contains all organelles of the cell axon: sends info away from the cell body 5. Compare and contrast white and gray matter. white matter: include tracts (bundles of nerve fibers or neuron processes) gray matter: unmyelinated fibers/cell bodies 6. Match the terms with the appropriate definition. Key: action potential

depolarization

repolarization

sodium-potassium pump

a. Depolarization

Reversal of the resting potential owing to an influx of sodium ions

b. Repolarization

Period during which potassium ions are diffusing out of the neuron

c. Action potential

Transmission of the depolarization wave along the neuronal

membrane d. Sodium-potassium pump Mechanism that restores the resting membrane voltage and intracellular ionic concentrations

Name: ______________________________

Date:_____

Stone Anatomy 11/11/11

7. Using the following words draw a diagram a reflex arc. integration center

sensory neuron

association neuron

stimulus

receptor

motor neuron

effector

spinal cord

Part 2: Central Nervous System 8. Label the following diagrams of the brain. parietal lobe Frontal lobe Occipital lobe

corpus callosum thalamus

hypothalamus cerebellum

pons Brain stem

midbrain

temporal lobe cerebellum

pons Medulla oblongata

Name: ______________________________

Date:_____

Stone Anatomy 11/11/11

9. In which of the cerebral lobes (frontal, parietal, occipital, or temporal) would the following functional areas be found? auditory area

temporal

olfactory area temporal

primary motor area

frontal

visual area

somatic sensory area parietal

occipital

Broca’s area frontal

10. Match the appropriate structures with the following descriptions: thalamus

cerebellum

corpus callosum

pituitary gland

medulla oblongata

a. Medulla oblongata

most important autonomic center of the brain.

b. Cerebellum

coordinates complex muscular movements

c. Medulla oblongata

contains autonomic centers regulating heart rate,

respiration, and other visceral activities. d. Corpus callosum

large fiber tract connecting the cerebral hemispheres

e. Pituitary gland

part of the endocrine system

f.

the intermediate mass is part of it

Thalamus

11. What is the purpose of the cerebrospinal fluid? To protect the brain from physical trauma 12. Where is the cerebrospinal fluid made? Choroid plexus 13. List the three meninges in from superficial to deep. a. Dura – arachnoid mater - pia 14. What are two functions of the spinal cord? Two way conduction pathway to and from the brain, reflex center

Name: ______________________________

Date:_____

Stone Anatomy 11/11/11

Part 3: Peripheral Nervous System 15. Fill in the correct cranial nerve in each blank, each is used once. Key: I Olfactory

II Optic

V Trigeminal

VII Facial

VIII Vestibulocochlear

IX Glossopharyngeal

X Vagus

XII Hypoglossal

a. The retinal of the eye is served by the II Optic nerve. b. Facial expression is accomplished by the VII Facial nerve. c. The sense of smell is carried by the I Olfactory nerve. d. Moving the tongue is carried out by the XII Hypoglossal nerve. e. The sensation from rubbing your cheek against a puppy’s fur would be carried by the V Trigeminal nerve. f.

The X Vagus nerve carries impulses to and from the thorax and abdomen.

g. The IX Glossopharyngeal is the nerve fiber that allows you to speak. h. The VIII Vestibulocochlear nerve transmits sound and sense of balance. 16. Compare and contrast the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the nervous system belong to the autonomic nervous system. The sympathetic division mobilizes the body during extreme situations (fear, exercise, rage), the parasympathetic division allows us to “unwind” and conserve energy. Examples of effects of the sympathetic division include: glucose released into the blood, produces perspiration, dilates pupils. Examples of effects of parasympathetic division includes: decreasing rate of heart beat and constricts pupils. Match the nervous system disease with the description. Meningitis

Alzheimer’s disease

Parkinson’s disease

Huntington’s disease

Spina bifida

Cerebral palsy

a. Spina bifida

a disease in which the vertebrae form incompletely, in the

worst cases the spinal cord can protrude from the spine. b. Huntington’s disease a genetic disease that is caused by the overproduction of dopamine, one of its symptoms is chorea (flapping movements). c. Meningitis

a viral disease that can inflame and infect the meninges.

d. Parkinson’s disease a disease that strikes later in life, it results from a degeneration of dopamine-releasing neurons, symptoms include tremors and stiff movements e. Alzheimer’s disease

a disease that is associated with a shortage of acetylcholine,

people with this disease suffer from memory loss. f.

Cerebral palsy

a neuromuscular disability in which the voluntary muscles are

poorly controlled and spastic due to brain damage.

Name: ______________________________

Date:_____

Stone Anatomy 11/11/11

Part 4: The Eye and Vision 17. Label the following diagram of the eye. Vitreous humor Aqueous humor cornea pupil

Fovea centralis Optic disk Optic nerve

iris

choroid lens retina

18. Compare and contrast the functions of rod cells and cone cells. Rod cells and cone cells are both photoreceptors because they respond to light. Cones allow us to see the world in color, there are three varieties, blue light responsive, green light responsive, and red light responsive. Rod cells allow us to see in dim light and allow for peripheral vision. 19. Draw a diagram showing how light passes through an eye with emmetropia. Then draw a diagram showing how light passes through an eye with myopia. myopia emmetropia

20. Write a paragraph using all of the following words: accommodation, astigmatism, blind spot, cataract, glaucoma, and hyperopia. Accommodation is the adjustment of the eye for seeing objects at close range

Name: ______________________________

Date:_____

Stone Anatomy 11/11/11

Astigmatism is a visual defect resulting from irregularity in the lens or cornea of the eye causing the image to be out of focus The blind spot is the place in the eye where the photoreceptor cells are not, it is where the optic nerve meets the eye. A cataract is a partial or complete loss of transparency of the crystalline lens of the eye. Glaucoma is an abnormal increase of the pressure within the eye. Hyperopia is farsightedness, the light rays converge outside of the retina instead of on it.

Part 5: The Ear 21. Label the diagram of the ear

Semicircular canals stirrup anvil

Vestibular nerve

hammer Pinna

cochlea

Tympanic membrane Auditory tube External auditory canal

22. Explain the function of the organ of Corti in hearing. The organ of corti contains hair receptor nerves that respond to vibrations in the Tectorial membrane. 23. Describe how the equilibrium organs help maintain balance. These organs have gels that respond to changes in gravity. Hair neurons detect the movement of the gel and translate that information.

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