Natural Hazards and Disaster Prevention in Germany
Thomas Kratzsch Head of Department Basic Forecasts Deutscher Wetterdienst Germany
[email protected]
Desaster Prev. / Warning system Germany
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Disaster Prevention in Germany Outline National Authorities – Federal Authorities for DRRManagement DWD Warning System Actual developments
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Natural Hazards and Disaster Prevention in Germany There are national authorities and organisations for disaster prevention and reduction, e.g.: BBK (under BMI) DKKV (German Committee for Disaster Reduction) Ministries: BMU (BFS: “radiation protection“), BLE BMVI (Protection of critical infrastructures, DWD, BSH, …) Flood forecasting is not an issue of NMS DWD, but of about 15 HVZn: www.hochwasserzentralen.de; http://www.pegelonline.wsv.de Desaster Prev. / Warning system Germany
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The division of labour Protection of cultural assets
Flooding Supporting CI protection
CBRN protection
Forest fires
Road traffic accidents Terrorist attacks
Self protection
Local industrial accidents
Storm
Civil Protection
Emergency management
Disaster assistance National Desaster Prev. / Warning system Germany
States - Kratzsch, DWD
The German civil protection system
Acts of war / emergencies of national significance / disaster assistance for states
National Planning, coordination, crisis management
States
BBK
Local / regional major disasters and emergencies Operative management
Local authorities
Common emergencies / emergency & fire services, techn. assistance
(municipalities, cities, etc.)
Desaster Prev. / Warning system Germany
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Warning Management System of Deutscher Wetterdienst Weather phenomena
Warning criteria same criteria for whole Germany defined in collaboration with national authorities for disaster management and hydrologists, based on evaluation of climate data
Violent gusts Hurricane-force gusts Extreme hurricane-force gusts Severe thunderstorm Intense heavy rainfall Extremely intense heavy rainfall Strong continuous rain Extremely strong continuous rain
Prepared for rural districts, vertical resolution: 200m different warning levels
Warning level Official warning of particularly extreme and severe weather Official severe weather warning Official warning of significant weather Official weather warning No warning
Expected weather conditions
Colour
Extremely dangerous weather conditions
Dark red / violet
Very dangerous weather conditions
Red
Dangerous weather conditions
Ochre / orange
Possibility of weather-related risks No weather-related risks
Yellow Blue
Desaster Prev. / Warning system Germany
Heavy snowfall Extremely heavy snowfall Heavy snowdrifts Black ice Heavy thaw Wind gusts Storm gusts Violent storm gusts Thunderstorm Heavy rainfall Continuous rain Snowfall Snowdrifts Slippery roads Fog Frost Severe frost
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Weather Warning Meteorological phenomenon
thresholds
Name
wind in ca. 10 m above free area
≥ 50 km/h
Wind gusts
thunderstorm
Electric discharge, also related with wind gusts
Thunderstorm
light snowfall
up to 5 cm in 6 hours
in heights over 800 m: individual decision
up to 10 cm in 12 hours
slickness
Widespread caused by hoarfrost, freezing moisture
frost
Snowfall
widespread or continuing temperatures below freezing point; between 01.04 and 31.10. each year
Slickness
Frost
In heights below 800 m fog
widespread visibility below 150 m
Desaster Prev. / Warning system Germany
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Fog
Warning of significant weather (I) Meteorological phenomenon
thresholds
Name
wind
65 - 89 km/h
Storm gusts
in ca. 10 m above free area
90 - 104 km/h
Heavy storm gusts
thunderstorm
related with storm gusts, heavy storm gusts, heavy rain or hail
Thunderstorm
heavy rain
15-25 l/m2 in 1 hour 20-35 l/m2 in 6 hours
Heavy rain
continuous rain
25-40 l/m2 in 12 hours 40-60 l/m2 in 48 hours
30-50 l/m2 in 24 hours 60-90 l/m² in 72 hours
5-10 cm in 6 hours
10-15 cm in 12 hours
15-30 cm in 24 hours
20-40cm in 48/72 hours
Snowfall in heights over 800 m: individual decision
Snowdrift in heights over 800 m: individual decision
Continuous rain
snowfall
In heights over 800 m: 5-20 cm in 6 hours
10-30 cm in 12 hours
15-40 cm in 24 hours
20-50cm in 48/72 hours
fresh snow or snow cover 5 -10 cm and wind gusts (39 km/h bis 65 km/h)
Desaster Prev. / Warning system Germany
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snowdrifts
Warning of significant weather (II) Meteorological phenomenon
thresholds
Name
slickness
temporary or local, caused by freezing rain or drizzle, also freezing moisture with considerable traffic disturbance
slickness
frost
thaw
Widespread or continuing temperature ≤ -10 ° C, In heights below 800 m snow cover, raising temperature and rain cause water cumulative flows: 25 - 40 l/m² in 12 hours30 - 50 l/m² in 24 hours 40 - 60 l/m² in 48 hours
Desaster Prev. / Warning system Germany
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Severe frost
thaw
Warning of severe weather and particularly extreme and severe weather (I) Meteorological phenomenon
wind in ca. 10 m above free area
very strong convective incident Thunderstorm with hail (hail with a diameter >1,5 cm), intense heavy rain, violent or hurricane-force gusts or local tornados
intense heavy rain
thresholds
Name
105 - 119 km/h
Violent gusts
More than 120 km/h
Hurricane-force gusts
widespread more than140 km/h
Extreme Hurricaneforce gusts
It is enough when only one of the attendent weather phenomena reaches the threshold of severe weather.
Severe thunderstorm
It is enough when only one of the attendent weather phenomena reaches the threshold of extreme severe weather
Extreme severe thunderstorm
25 - 40 l/m2 in 1 hour 35 - 60 l/m2 in 6 hours
Intense heavy rain
>40 l/m2 in 1 hours >60 l/m2 in 6 hours
Extremely intense heavy rain
>40 l/m2 in 12 hours >60 l/m2 in 48 hours
>50 l/m2 in 24 hours >90 l/m² in 72 hours
Strong continuous rain
widespread >70 l/m2 in 12 hours >90 l/m2 in 48 hours
>80 l/m2 in 24 hours >120 l/m² in 72 hours
Extremely strong continuous rain
strong continuous rain
Desaster Prev. / Warning system Germany
- Kratzsch, DWD
Warning of severe weather and particularly extreme and severe weather (II) Meteorological phenomenon
thresholds
Name
10-20 cm in 6 hours
15-25 cm in 12 hours
30-40cm in 24 hours
40-50 cm in 48/72 hours
Heavy snowfall
In heights over 800m:
snowfall in heights over 800 m: individual decision
10-20 cm in 6 hours
15-25 cm in 12 hours
30-40cm in 24 hours
40-50 cm in 48/72 hours
widespread >20 cm in 6 hours
>25 cm in 12 hours
>40 cm in 24 hours
>50 cm in 48/72 hours
Extremely heavy snowfall
In heights over 800m: widespread >20 cm in 6 hours
>25 cm in 12 hours
>40 cm in 24 hours
>50 cm in 48/72 hours
fresh snow or snow cover >10 cm and storm gusts or more (> 65 km/h)
Heavy snowdrifts
fresh snow or snow cover> 25 cm and storm gusts or more (> 65 km/h)
Extremely heavy snowdrifts
snowdrift in heights over 800 m: individual decision
Desaster Prev. / Warning system Germany
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Warning of severe weather and particularly extreme and severe weather (III) Meteorological phenomenon
thresholds
Name
black ice
widespread black ice
Black ice
thaw
snow cover, raising temperature and rain cause water cumulative flows: > 40 l/m² in 12 hours > 50 l/m² in 24 hours > 60 l/m² in 48 hours > 90 l/m² in 72 hours
Heavy thaw
Details on www.dwd.de www.wettergefahren.de Desaster Prev. / Warning system Germany
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Contracts / Agreements DWD has existing contracts with all federal states and DRK, THW, DFwV on collaboration for disaster prevention and protection Containing met. and warning products and Climatological data and CC prognoses
Desaster Prev. / Warning system Germany
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Remarks DWD‘s warning system uses met. thresholds and 4 warning levels DWD provides the official warnings in Germany „Amtliche W.“ for Desaster Management and the public DWD warnings contain information about possible impact in close connection with the intensity of the warning element DWD produces warnings in CAP-Format DWD warnings are available on DWD-Website, on many national websites from media and esp. in the DWD-Warn-App DWD warnings are available at meteoalarm.eu, display of the rural districts is under development Desaster Prev. / Warning system Germany
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WarningApp for „the last mile“
Desaster Prev. / Warning system Germany
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2015: Introduction of a Warning-App
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Development in 2016: New designed Push-Product WWOF52 HUXX 160837 Amtliche WARNUNG vor STURMBÖEN für Main-Kinzig-Kreis und Stadt Hanau gültig von: Mittwoch, 11.11.2015 11:18 Uhr voraussichtlich bis: Donnerstag, 12.11.2015 12:00 Uhr ausgegeben vom Deutschen Wetterdienst am: Mittwoch, 11.11.2015 11:18 Uhr Es besteht die Gefahr des Auftretens von Sturmböen (Stufe 2 von 4). ACHTUNG! Hinweis auf mögliche Gefahren: Es können zum Beispiel einzelne Äste herabstürzen. Achten Sie besonders auf herabfallende Gegenstände. Detaillierte Warninformationen erhalten Sie unter http://www.wettergefahren.de. DWD / Vorhersagezentrale Offenbach
Here no meteorol. Information is available as km/h , l/m² , cm snow etc. But storm gusts, heavy rain, thunderstorm etc. Desaster Prev. / Warning system Germany
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Full details are available on the website, App, etc.
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Production of warnings independent from administrativ structure
Desaster Prev. / Warning system Germany
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Higher resolution: about 10.000 towns/locations
Desaster Prev. / Warning system Germany
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Thank you for your attention!
Thomas Kratzsch Head of Department Basic Forecasts Deutscher Wetterdienst Frankfurter Str. 135 – 63067 Offenbach Germany
[email protected] Tel: +49 (69) 8062 2254 Fax: +49 (69) 8062 2259
Desaster Prev. / Warning system Germany
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