Nanotechnology and neuromorphic engineering Mikko A. Uusitalo Nokia Research Center
[email protected] 1
© 2007 Nokia
Mikko Uusitalo, Telluride 2007
Connecting People Nokia is the world leader in mobility, driving the transformation and growth of the converging Internet and communications industries. Nokia makes a wide range of mobile devices and provides people with experiences in music, navigation, video, television, imaging, games and business mobility through these devices. Nokia also provides equipment, solutions and services for communications networks.
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© 2007 Nokia
Mikko Uusitalo, Telluride 2007
Our history
1865 – 2006 From paper to mobile communications – through renewal and innovative use of technology
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© 2007 Nokia
Mikko Uusitalo, Telluride 2007
Towards the four billion milestone Mobile phone subscriptions globally, millions
4 billion in 2010
3 000 2 800 2 600 2 400 2 200 2 000 1 800 1 600 1 400 1 200
Current global penetration 40 %
1 000 800 600 400 200 0
-92 -93 -94 -95 -96 -97 -98 -99 -00 -01 -02 -03 -04 -05 -06 -07e Source: Nokia
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© 2007 Nokia
Mikko Uusitalo, Telluride 2007
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Nokia brand •Nokia is the world’s 6th most valuable brand •Emphasis on very human technology •Nokia markets its devices in four categories: Live, Connect, Achieve and Explore •Nokia Flagship stores: six opened by end 2006, more to come in 2007…
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© 2007 Nokia
Mikko Uusitalo, Telluride 2007
Nokia R&D • R&D by Technology Platforms, Nokia business groups, Nokia Research Center and other research units • 21 453 people in R&D at end of 2006 (approx. 31% of Nokia workforce) • 2006 highlights: • New radio technology: Wibree • Nokia Research Centers in collaboration with MIT and Stanford University • S60 on Symbian OS chosen by operators Vodafone and Orange
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© 2007 Nokia
Mikko Uusitalo, Telluride 2007
Nokia Research Center
vision
Become the global leader of
open innovation
for human mobility systems of the
fused physical and digital world,
giving birth to the growth of businesses for Nokia. 7
© 2007 Nokia
Mikko Uusitalo, Telluride 2007
Nokia Research Center worldwide – strategically located
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© 2007 Nokia
Mikko Uusitalo, Telluride 2007
http://research.nokia.com Research Areas Blue Sky Our People Locations Open Source at Nokia
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© 2007 Nokia
Mikko Uusitalo, Telluride 2007
Future ubiquitous intelligence requires novel solutions Local
Sensors Other devices Computing Memory
Global Sensing your environment
Gateway to cellular/IP networks
Services Communities Content
Sensing, computing and communication
Physical objects in future intelligent environments
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© 2007 Nokia
Future “wearable” personal trusted devices
Mikko Uusitalo, Telluride 2007
Physical and digital worlds fuse
Towards solutions for future mobile and ambient intelligence devices
Ambient Intelligence Mobile Gate way – Sensing, computing and communications
How to apply
Micro and Nano Systems Architectures
Energy
Radios
Computing
Sensing
Mechanical structures
Innovative fabrication methods and manufacturing Solutions Innovative materials
Future Mobile Applications
Nano Technology Courtesy of the University of Cambridge, Nanoscience Centre
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© 2007 Nokia
Mikko Uusitalo, Telluride 2007
What is nanotechnology? • Nanotechnology is a field of science and technology of controlling matter on a scale between 1-100 nanometers. • It is a highly multidisciplinary field, bringing together many fields, including electrical and mechanical engineering, physics, chemistry, and biosciences. Nanotechnology will radically affect all these disciplines and their application areas. • Economic impact is foreseen to be comparable to information technology and telecom industries.
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© 2007 Nokia
Mikko Uusitalo, Telluride 2007
Computing: more speed, less energy • Moore’s law in danger of not applying after 2015? • New materials • Nanoelements included into traditional circuits – FPNI by HP, interconnects by nanotech – CNT components, IBM
• Totally new type of approaches
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© 2007 Nokia
Mikko Uusitalo, Telluride 2007
Physical realization of computing devices • • • • •
Charge based devices Magnetic interactions (e.g. spintronics) Flux of photons Plasmons Chemical interactions (slow per computation, massively parallel) • Mechanical devices (origin of computers) • Biological devices 14
© 2007 Nokia
Mikko Uusitalo, Telluride 2007
Characteristics of nanotechnology • Devices more stochastic • Quantum effects the rule, not the exception • More faulty devices, how to survive? – Reconfiguration – Redundant elements – Bio-inspired parallel computation
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© 2007 Nokia
Mikko Uusitalo, Telluride 2007
Cellular nonlinear/neural networks • Array of identical dynamical systems, cells • Local interactions – manufacturability • Proposals and simulations on implementation with – QCAs – SETs – RTDs
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© 2007 Nokia
Mikko Uusitalo, Telluride 2007
Likharev et al. • CMOL: – CMOS with cell somas – Synapses and connections with nano crossbar
Figure 1 Low level structure of a generic CMOL circuit (a) side view (b) and (c) how to address individual nanodevice and the CMOS wiring. 17
© 2007 Nokia
Mikko Uusitalo, Telluride 2007
Questions to discuss • What are the limits to neuromorphic engineering with VLSI? • What are the greatest results of neuromorphic engineering so far? • What is there to come? • What and when can nanotech provide? • Will nanotech change the game? • What can we achieve before nanotech? 18
© 2007 Nokia
Mikko Uusitalo, Telluride 2007
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© 2007 Nokia
Mikko Uusitalo, Telluride 2007
