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Vocabulary Review Completion Fill in the blanks with termsfrom Chapter 1. 1. The process of gathering information about events or processes in a careful, orderly way is called 2. A(An) experience.

is a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or

3. A(An) observations.

is a proposed scientific explanation for a set of

experiment, only one variable is changed at a time, 4. In a(an) while all other variables are kept unchanged. is a well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range 5. A(An) of observations. reproduction, the new organism has a single parent. 6 . In is a signal to which an organism responds. 7. A(An) system is a decimal system of measurement whose units 8. The are based on certain physical standards and are scaled on multiples of 10. Matching In the space provided, write the letter of the definition that best matches each term. 9. biology a. a collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates it from its environment 10. microscope b. combination of chemical reactions through which an 11. cell organism builds up or breaks down materials 12. c. a laboratory technique in which a group of cells develops from a single cell 13. homeostasis d. process of keeping an organism's internal conditions 14. metabolism constant 15. cell culture e. a device that produces magnified images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye

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g. the science that seeks to understand the living world

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Section Summaries/Chapter 1

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Vocabulary Review Crossword Puzzle

Use the clues below to811 in the spaces in the puzzle with the correct words.

Across 1. elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction 4. process that changes one set of chernicals into another 7. positively charged subatomic particle 8. substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions 11. positively and negatively charged atoms 12. carbon compound that stores and transmits genetic information 14, the center of an atom 16. bond formed when electrons are shared between atoms 17. macromolecule formed when monomers join together

Down 2. negatively charge subatomic particle 3. compound that produces hydroxide ions in solution 5. bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another 6. monomer of nucleic acid 9. monomer of protein 10. compound that forms hydrogen ions in solution 13. atom of same element that differs in number of neutrons compared to other atoms of the element 15. basic unit of matter

Section Surnrnaries/Chapter 2

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Vocabulary Review Matching In the space provided, write the letter of the definition that best matches each term. a. collection of different populations that live together in an 1. biosphere area 2. community b. consumer that feeds on plant and animal remains and 3. autotroph other dead matter 4. chemosynthesis c. process in which water evaporates from the leaves of plants d. combined parts of the planet in which all life exists 5. detritivore e. each step in a food chain or food web 6. biomass f. total amount of living tissue within a trophic level 7' transpira g. organism that can capture energy and use it to produce food 8. denitrification h. group of ecosystems that have the same climate and 9. biome similar dominant communities i. process in which organisms use chemical energy to 10. trophic level produce carbohydrates j. process in which bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas

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True or False Determine whether each statement is true or false. I f it is true, write true in the space provided. I f the statement is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true. 11.A(An) species is a collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their physical environment. 12.The process in which autotrophs use light energy to make carbohydrates is called nitrogen fixation. 13.Heterotrophs that eat both plants and animals are referred to as carruvores. 14.A(An) food web links together all the food chains in an ecosystem. 15.The rate at which organic matter is created by producers is called the foan ecosystem. 16. Ecoloy is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment. 17. A(An) communitv is a group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area. 18.Autotrophs are also called consumers. 19.Organisms that break down organic matter are called herbivores. 20.The process in which water changes from a liquid to a gas is called evavoration.

Section Summaries/Chapter 3

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Vocabulary Review Multiple Choice In the space provided, write the letter of the answer that best completes each se12 fence. 1. The situation in which atmospheric gases trap the sun's heat and keep Earth's surface warm is called a. weather. c. climate. d. primary succession. b. greenhouse effect. 2. Earth's three main climate zones are the result of

a. latitude and angle of heating. b. precipitation and temperature.

c. winds and ocean currents. d. air masses and mountains.

3. An example of a biotic factor is

a. air temperature. b. availability of water.

c. soil type. d. soil organisms.

4. The type of community interaction that involves one species living in or on

another organism and harming the other organism is called a. commensalism. c. competition. b. parasitism. d. mutualism. 5. A group of communities on land that covers a large area and is characterized by certain soil and climate is referred to as a(n) a. niche. c. biome. d. habitat. b. wetland.

Completion Fill in the blanks with t m s f r o m Chapter 4. 6. The average yearly condition of temperature and precipitation in a region is called 7. A physical factor that influences an ecosystem is called a(an)

8. When one organism captures and eats another it is referred to as 9. The first species to live in an area of primary succession are called 10. The area where an organism lives is its 11. The ability of organisms to survive and reproduce under less than optimal conditions is

called 2 T .. - 1 13. K ! J 14.

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'% Section Surnrnaries/Chapter 4

Name

Class

Date

Vocabulary Review Labeling Diagrams Use the words listed below to label the parts of these cells. Some words will be used twice. On the line below each cell, identify the cell as either a prokizryote or a eukaryote. cell membrane cytoplasm nucleolus cell wall nuclear envelope nucleus chromosome

Matching In the space provided, write the letter of thefunction that best matches each organelle. 12. mitochondrion a. site where lipid components of cell membrane are assembled 13. ribosome b. captures energy from sunlight and converts it into 14. endoplasmic reticulum chemical energy v a

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15. Golgi apparatus 16. lysosome 17. chloroplast

c. modifies, sorts, and packages proteins d. site where proteins are assembled e. converts chemical energy in food into compounds the cell can use f. acts as the cell's cleanup crew

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Completion Fill in the blanks with termsfiorn Chapter 7. ,a protein channel helps the diffu18. In the process of sion of glucose across a membrane. 19. The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called 20. The process that moves materials through a membrane against a concentration

difference is known as Section Summaries/Chapter 7

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Vocabulary Review Matching I n the space provided, write the letter of the definition that best matches each term. 1. photosynthesis a. clusters in the thylakoid membrane of chlorophyll and other pigments 2. chlorophyll b. the region of the chloroplast outside the 3. pigment thylakoid membranes 4. adenosine triphosphate c. electron carrier d. process in which plants use the energy of 5. thylakoid sunlight to make high-energy carbohydrates -6 . photosystems e. reactions that use ATP and NADPH to produce 7. stroma high-energy sugars 8. NADP' f. light-absorbing molecules g. the basic energy source of all cells 9. Calvin cycle 10. light-dependent reactions h. reactions that produce oxygen gas and convert ADP and NADP' into the energy carriers ATP and NADPH i. saclike photosynthetic membranes in chloroplasts j. principal pigment of plants Answering Questions In the space provided, write an answer to each question. 11. What is an organism that obtains energy from the food it consumes? . -

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12. What is an organism that is able to make its own food? 13. What is released when the chemical bond is broken between the second and third

phosphates of an ATP molecule? 0

14. What are the reactants of the equation for photosynthesis?

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15. What are the products of the equation for photosynthesis?

Section Summaries/ Chapter 8

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Class

Date

Vocabulary Review Matching In the space provided, write the letter of the definition that best matches each term. 1. calorie a. electron carrier b. pathway that releases energy from food in the 2. glycolysis absence of oxygen 3. cellular respiration c. requires oxygen 4. N A P d. process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid 5. fermentation e. does not require oxygen 6 . anaerobic f. amount of energy needed to raise 1 gram of water 1 7. aerobic degree Celsius g. process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen Answering Questions In the space provided, write an answer to each question. 8. What is the first stage of cellular respiration? 9. What is the second stage of cellular respiration? -

10. What is the third stage of cellular respiration? 11. How many ATP molecules can the cell produce from a single molecule of glucose through glycolysis? 12. How many ATP molecules can the cell produce from a single molecule of glucose through the complete process of cellular respiration? d w 2 V) a

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Completion Write an equation for each of the pathways below. 13. lactic acid fermentation after glycolysis

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15. cellular respiration

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Section Summaries/Chapter 9

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Vocabulary Review Labeling Diagrams cycle. telophase S phase

Use the terms below to label the diagram, which shows the events in the cell cytokinesis metaphase

anaphase G, phase

prophase G, phase

\ A. Replication DNA

Matching In the space provided, write the letter of the definition that best matches each term. a. series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide 9. mitosis b. one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome chromatid c. disorder in which some of the body's cells lose the ability to 11. cytokinesis control growth 12. cell cycle d. division of the cell nucleus 13. cell division e. ' ' " ' f. process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells 14. g. division of the cytoplasm 15. cancer

Section Summaries/ Chapter 10

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Class

Date

Vocabulary Review Labeling Diagrams Use the words listed below to label the Punnett square. Some words may be used twice. heterozygous parent homozygous offspring dominant allele heterozygous offspring recessive allele 1.

Matching In the space provided, write the letter of the definition that best matches each term. a. likelihood that something will happen 7. phenotype b, nn rhrnnlQCPPe 8. gamete c. physical characteristics of an organism 9. genetics d. containing one set of chromosomes 10. probability e. sex cell 11. haploid f. chemical factor that determines traits g. specific characteristic 12.h. scientific study of heredity 13. gene i. gene with more than two alleles 14. multiple alleles 15. trait ~

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Completion Fill in the blanks with termsfrom Chapter 11. 16. The process in which two genes segregate independently is called

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17. Plants that, if left to self-pollinate, produce offspring identical to themselves are called

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18. The offspring of crosses between parents with different traits are called

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19. The process during sexual reproduction in which male and female sex cells join is called 20. The process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut

in half is called

Section Summaries/Chapter 11

Name

Class

Date

Vocabulary Review

-

Matching In the space provided, write the letter of the definition that best matches each tern. a. making a protein using messenger RNA 1. base pairing b. 7 . 2. nucleotide c. hydrogen bonding between adenine and thymine 3.

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4. transcription 5.

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6. translation

7, transfer RNA

8. 9. mutation 10. & & d y

e. f. g. h. i.

cells specializing in structure and function carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis unit of DNA copying part of DNA into RNA change in the genetic material

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12. differentiation Labeling Diagrams The diagrams below show the steps of DNA replication. Place the numbers 1 to 3 on the lines above the diagrams to show the order in which the steps occur.

Section Sumrnaries/Chapter 12

Name

Class

Date

Vocabulary Review Labeling Diagrams autosome

Use the words listed below to label the diagram. sex chromosome karyotype

Matching In the space provided, write the letter of the definition that best matches each tm. a. chart that shows the relationships within a family 4. karyotype b. failure of homologous chromosomes to separate in 5. sex chromosomes meiosis 6. autosomes c. picture of chromosomes arranged in pairs 7. pedigree d. test used to identify individuals by analyzing sections of DNA 8. sex-linked gene e. chromosomes that determine an individual's sex 9. nondisjunction f. gene located on the X or Y chromosome 10. DNA fingerprinting g. chromosomes that do not determine sex

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Section Summaries/Chapter 14

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Vocabulary Review Crossword Puzzle Complete the puzzle by entering the term that matches each numbered

description. Across 1. scientist whose ideas about evolution and adaptation influenced Darwin 3. ship on which Darwin traveled 7. change over time 10. explanation of natural events that is supported by evidence and can be tested with new evidence 12. economist whose ideas about human population influenced Darwin 14. remains of ancient life 15. homologous structure that is greatly reduced in size

Section Summaries/Chapter 15

Down 1. geologist who influenced Darwin 2. inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival 4. type of selection in which humans select the variations 5. islands where Darwin observed variation in tortoises 6. ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment 8. type of selection Darwin referred to as survival of the fittest 9. structures that have different mature forms but develop from the same embryonic tissues 11. scientist whose ideas about evolution were the same as Darwin's 13. geologist who influenced Darwin

Name

Class

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Vocabulary Review Interpreting Diagrams The diagrams show the distribution curves for time of mating in a populatiolz of insects. The diagram on the left represents the starting population. The diagram on the right represents the population several generations later. Study the diagrams and answer the questiotis below. UI

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Mating Time

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1. What type of natural selection has occurred? -

2. Which phenotypes are selected against? 3. Which phenotypes have higher fitness?

4. If natural selection continues in this way, what may eventually happen to the population?

Completion Fill in the blanks with termsfrom Chapter 16. 5. Any change in the relative frequency of alleles in a population is called 6. A gene pool consists of all the genes in a(an) 7. The two main sources of genetic variation are gene shuffling and

9. When birds cannot interbreed because they have different mating songs, they are cl~aracterizedby isolation.

11. Research on Galapagos finches by Peter and Rosemary Grant showed that a type of selection was occurring. natural selection called 12. Two related species that live in the same area but mate during different seasons are isolation. separated by 80

Section Sumrnaries/Chapter 16

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Vocabulary Review Crossword Puzzle Complete the puzzle by entering the term that matches each numbered descriptiolz. Down Across 1. kingdom in the Eukarya domain that 7. type of classification that is based on includes single-celled autotrophs evolutionary history 2. study of evolutionary relationships 8. discipline of classifying and naming among organisms organisms 3. new taxon that is higher than the kingdom 10. taxon composed of similar orders 4. taxon composed of similar genera 11. taxon composed of similar classes 5. taxon composed of closely related species 12. type of clock that estimates how long 6. diagram based on derived characters species have been evolving 8. general term for any level, or category, in independently a taxonomic system 9. taxon composed of similar families

Answering Questions Write one or more sentences to answer each question. 13. In what ways are members of the domain Bacteria and the domain Archaea similar?

14. Which domain includes only organisms with a nucleus in their cells? 15. What are two ways that most members of the kingdom Plantae and the kingdom

Animalia differ? 86

Section Surnrnaries/Chap ter 18