MUSCLES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY: Movement of the shoulder and arm: Anterior Axioappendicular Muscles:

MUSCLES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY: Movement of the shoulder and arm: Anterior Axioappendicular Muscles: Pectoralis major O: (clavicular head) medial 1/2...
Author: Julianna Weaver
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MUSCLES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY: Movement of the shoulder and arm:

Anterior Axioappendicular Muscles: Pectoralis major O: (clavicular head) medial 1/2 of Clavicle, Adducts and medially rotates humerus at shoulder. Nerves: Lateral and medial pectoral nerves (Sternocostal) Sternum, Anterior suface of Also, draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly Roots: Clavicular (C 5-6), Sternocostal (C 7-8, T1) Ribs 1-6, aponeurosis of External Oblique Clavicular head flexes humerus. Sternocostal head extends humerus. S: Adduction: Latissimus Dorsi, Teres major I: Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus Medial rotation: Latissimus Dorsi, Anterior Deltoid, Teres major of humerus. Extension: Posterior deltoid, Latissimus dorsi, teres major, pectoralis major A: Abduction: All 3 parts of Deltoid, Supraspinatus, Lateral rotation: Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Posterior Deltoid Flexion: Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis major Anterior superior surface of ribs 3-5 Pectoralis minor O: With ribs fixed: Depresses, abducts, downwardly rotate scapula. Nerve: Medial pectoral nerves Coracoid process of scapula. Roots: (C8 and T1) I: With scapula fixed: Elevates 3rd through 5th ribs during forced inspiration. S: Abduction: Serratus Anterior Respiration: Sternocleidomastoid, All Scalenes A: Adduction: Romboideus Major and Minor, middle Tapezius Respiration: Rectus abdominis Abducts (Protracts) scapula, rotates it upward, and Serratus anterior O: Lateral surface of Superior 8 or 9 ribs. Nerve: Long thoracic nerve I: Vertebral border and inferior angle of holds it against thoracic wall Roots: C5 -C7 scapula S: Abduction: Pectoralis Minor Upward rotation: Upper and lower Trapezius, A: Adduction: Romboideus Major and Minor, middle Trapezius Downward rotation: Levator Scapula, Both Romboideus

Posterior Axioappendicular Muscle: (Supericial, Deep, and Scapulohumeral groups) Superficial: Superior nuchal line of occipital bone, Upper Trapezius O: Nerve: Spinal Accessory Nerve ligamentum nuchae, and spines Roots: C3 and C4 cervical vertebrae. Lateral 1/3 of Clavicle and acromion S: Elevation: Levator scapulae I: A: Depression: Lower Trapezius process. Downward rotation: Rhomboideus Major & Minor, Levator scapulae Middle Trapezius O: Spinous processes of C7 to T3 Nerve: Spinal Accessory Nerve I: Scapular Spine Roots: C3 and C4 S: Adduction: Rhomboideus Major & Minor A: Abduction: Serratus anterior, Pectoralis minor Lower Trapezius O: Spinous processes of middle and lower Nerve: Spinal Accessory Nerve thoracic vertebrae Roots: C3 and C4 I: Base of the scapular spine S: Depression: pectoralis minor Upward rotation: Upper Trapezius, Serratus anterior

Scapular elevation and upward rotation

Scapular adduction (retraction)

Scapular depression and upward rotation.

A: Elevation: Levator scapulae, upper Trapezius, both Romboids Downward rotation: Both Romboids, Levator scapulae Latissimus dorsi O: Spinous processes of T7 -L5 via the Extends, hyperextension, adducts and medially rotates Nerve: Thoracodorsal nerve dorsolumbar fascia, posterior surface of humerus. Raises body toward arms during climbing Roots: C6 -C8 sacrum, Iliac crest, lower 3 ribs Medial lip of the Intertubercular sulcus of S: Extension: Posterior Deloid, Teres major, Pectoralis Major I: Adduction: Teres major, Pectoralis Major humerus. Medial rotation: Teres major, Pectoralis Major, Subscapularis, Anterior Deltoid A: Flexion: Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major Abduction: Deltoid, Supraspinatus Lateral Rotation: Infraspinatus, Teres minor, posterior Deltoid

Deep: Levator scapulae O: Transverse processes of C1 - C4 Elevates scapula, inferior rotation of Glenoid cavity Nerve: Dorsal scapular and cervical nerves vertebrae Superior vertebral border of scapula. Roots: Dorsal scapular (C5) and cervical (C3 and C4) nerves I: S: Elvation: Upper Trapezius, Rhomboids Inferior rotation: Rhomboids, Pectoralis minor A: Depression: Lower Trapezius, Pectoralis minor Superior rotation: Upper and Lower Trapezius, Serratus anterior Rhomboideus minor O: Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of Adducts (Retracts) scapula, Depresses Glenoid cavity, Nerve: Dorsal scapular nerve C7 and T1 vertebrae Stabilizes scapula. Roots: C4 - C5 I: Vertebral border of scapula superior to spine S: Adduction: Middle Trapezius Downward rotation: Levator scapulae, pectoralis minor A: Abduction: Serratus anterior, pectoralis minor Upward rotation: Upper and lower Trapezius, Serratus anterior Rhomboideus major O: Spinous processes of T2 - T5 vertebrae Adducts (Retracts) scapula, Depresses Glenoid cavity, Vertebral border of scapula from spine Nerve: Dorsal scapular nerve I: Stabilizes scapula. Roots: C4 - C5 to inferior angle S: Same as R. minor A: Same as R. minor

Scapulohumeral Muscles: Anterior Deltoid O: Lateral 1/3 of Clavicle Shoulder abduction, flexion, medial rotation, and Nerve: Axillary Nerve I: Deltoid tuberosity horizontal adduction Roots: C5 - C6 S: Abduction: Supraspinatus Flexion: Pectoralis Major Medial rotation: Latissimus dorsi, teres major, subscapularis, pectoralis major Horizonal adduction: Pectoralis major A: Adduction: Pectoralis major, Teres major, Latissimus dorsi, Lateral rotation: Posterior Deltoid, Teres minor, Infraspinatus Horizonal abduction: Posterior Deltoid, Teres minor, Infraspinatus Extension: Latissimus dorsi, Teres major, Pectoralis major Middle Deltoid O: Acromion Process Shoulder Abduction Nerve: Axillary Nerve I: Deltoid tuberosity Roots: C5 - C6 S: Abduction: Supraspinatus A: Adduction: Pectoralis major, Teres major, Latissimus dorsi Posterior Deltoid O: Spine of Scapula Shoulder abduction, extension, hyperextension,

Nerve: Axillary Nerve I: Deltoid tuberosity lateral rotation, horizonal abduction. Roots: C5 - C6 S: Abduction: Supraspinatus Extension: Latissimus dorsi, Teres major, Pectoralis major Lateral rotation: infraspinatus, teres minor Horizonal abduction: Posterior Deltoid, Teres minor, Infraspinatus Horizonal abduction: Posterior Deltoid, Teres minor, Infraspinatus A: Adduction: Pectoralis major, Teres major, Latissimus dorsi Flexion: Pectoralis Major Medial rotation: Latissimus dorsi, teres major, subscapularis, pectoralis major Horizonal adduction: Pectoralis major Teres major O: Dorsal surface of Inferior angle of Adducts and medially rotates arm Nerve: Lower Subscapular nerve scapula Roots: C6 & C7 I: Medial lip of Intertubercular groove S: Adduction: Pectoralis major, Teres major, Latissimus dorsi of humerus. Medial rotation: Latissimus dorsi, teres major, subscapularis, pectoralis major A: Abduction: Deltoid, Supraspinatus Lateral rotation: Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Posterior deltoid Superior lateral border of scapula. Teres minor O: Lateral rotations of arm, Helps to hold humeral Greater tubercle of humerus. Nerve: Axillary Nerve I: head in glenoid cavity of scapula Roots: C5 - C6 S: Lateral rotation: Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Posterior deltoid A: Medial Rotation: Latissimus dorsi, Teres major, subscapularis, Pectoralis major, anterior Deltoid Initates and assists deltoid muscle in abducting arm. Supraspinatus O: Supraspinous fossa of scapula. Nerve: Suprascapular Nerve I: Greater tubercle of humerus. Roots: C5 & C6 S: Abduction: Deltoids A: Adduction: Pectoralis major, Teres major, Latissimus dorsi Infraspinatus O: Infraspinous fossa of scapula Lateral rotation at shoulder, Helps to hold humeral Nerve: Suprascapular Nerve I: Greater tubercle of humerus. head in glenoid cavity of scapula Roots: C5 & C6 S: Lateral rotation: Teres minor, Posterior Deltoid A: Medial rotation: Latissimus dorsi, Teres major, Subscapularis, Pectoralis major, Anterior deltoid Subscapularis O: Subscapular fossa of scapula Adduction and Medial rotation at shoulder. Nerve: Upper and lower Subscapular nerve I: Lesser tubercle of humerus. Helps to hold humeral head in glenoid cavity Roots: C5 - C7 S: Adduction: Pectoralis major, Teres major, Latissimus dorsi Medial Rotation: Latissimus dorsi, Teres major, Pectoralis major, Anterior deltoid A: Abduction: Delltoid, Supraspinatus Lateral rotation: Teres minor, Posterior Deltoid

Muscles of the Arm Anterior Compartment Biceps Brachii: Nerve: Musculocutaneous Roots: C5 and C6

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Short head: Coracoid process Supinates forearm, with forearm supinated flexes Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle of foreman, long head flexes arm scapula Radial Tuberosity and Bicipital aponeurosis

S: Supination: Supinator Forearm Flexion: Brachialis, Brachioradialis A: Pronation: Pronator teres and quadratus Forearm extension: Triceps Brachii

Brachialis: Nerve: Musculocutaneous Roots: C5 and C6 S: Forearm Flexion: Biceps brachii, Brachioradialis A: Forearm extension: Triceps brachii Coracobrachialis Nerve: Musculocutaneous Roots: C5, C6, C7 S: Arm flexion: Biceps brachii, Anterior Deltoid A: Forearm extension: Triceps Brachii, Posterior Deltoid

Posterior Compartment Triceps Brachii Nerve: Radial Roots: C6 -C8

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Arm Flexion: Coracobrachialis, Anterior Deltoid Arm Extension: Long head of Triceps, Posterior Deltoid, Latissimus Dorsi Distal 1/2 of anterior surface of humerus Flexes forearm Coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity

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Tip of coracoid process Middle 1/3 of medial surface of humerus

Helps flex and adduct arm, resists dislocation

Adduction: Subscapularis, Teres major, Pectoralis major Abduction: All parts of the Deltoid, Supraspinatus O:

Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle

Extension of the forearm

Lateral Head: Posterior surface of

Long head extends arm, resists dislocation

humerus superior to radial groove Medial head: Posterior surface of humerus

S: forearm Extension: Anconeus Arm extension: Posterior Deltoid A: Flexion of forearm: Brachialis, Brachioradialis, Biceps brachii Arm flexion: Biceps brachii, Anterior Deltoid

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inferior to radial groove Proximal end of Olecranon process

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Ulnar head: Coronoid process of Ulna

Muscles of the forearm Anterior Compartment (Superficial layer) Pronator teres Nerve: Median Roots: C6 & C7

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S: Pronation: Pronator quadratus A: Supination: Supinator, Biceps brachii

Flexor carpi radialis Nerve: Median Roots: C6 & C7

Forearm pronation and flexion

Humeral head: Medial epicondyle of humerus Middle of lateral surface of radius

Flexion: Biceps brachii, brachialis, Brachioradialis Extension: Triceps brachii O:

Medial epicondyle of the Humerus

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Base of 2nd metacarpel

Flexes and abducts hand at wrist (radial deviation)

S: Flexion: Palmaris lonus, Flexor carpi ulnaris Radial deviation: Extensor carpi radialis longus A: Extension: Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, Extensor carpi ulnaris Ulnar deviation: Flexor carpi ulnaris, Extensor carpi ulnaris Palmaris longus O: Medial epicondyle of the Humerus Flexes wrist, tenses palmer aponeurosis

Nerve: Median Roots: C6 & C7

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flexor retinaculum, palmer aponeurosis

S: Fexion: Flexor carpi ulnaris and radialis A: Extension: Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris

Flexor carpi Ulnaris Nerve: Ulnar Roots: C7 & C8

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Humeral head: medial epicondyle of

Flexes and adducts hand at wrist (ulnar deviation)

humerus;

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Ulnar head: olecranon and posterior border of ulna Pisiform, hamulus of Hamate, base 5th Metacarpal

S: Flexion: Palmaris lonus, Flexor carpi radialis Ulnar deviation: Extensor carpi ulnaris A: Extension: Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, Extensor carpi ulnaris Radial deviation: Extensor carpi radialis longus

Anterior Compartment (Intermediate layer) Flexor digitorum superficialis Nerve: Median Roots: C7 & C8, T1 A: Extensor digitorum and digiti minimi Anterior Compartment (deep layer) Flexor digitorum profundus Nerve: Lateral fibers: Median and medial fibers: Unlar Roots: C8, T1 S: Wrist Flexion: Palmaris lonus, Flexor carpi radialis A: DIP Extension: Extensor digitorum and digiti minimi Flexor pollicis longus Nerve: Median Roots: C8, T1 A: Extensor pollicis longus and brevis Pronator quadratus Nerve: Anterior inteosseous nerve Roots: C8, T1 S: Pronator teres A: Supinator, Biceps brachii

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Humero-unlar head: medial epicondyle

Flexes PIP joints and MCP joints

of humerus and coronoid preocess Radial head: oblique line of radius I:

body of middle phalanges (digits:2-5)

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Proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior

Flexes DIP joint, assists with wrist flexion

surfaces of unlar, interosseous membrane I:

Base of distal phalanges (digits:2-5) Wrist extension: Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, Extensor carpi ulnaris

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Anterior surface of radius, interosseous

Flexes all digits of Pollex

membrane I:

Distal phalanx of thumb

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Distal quarter of anterior surface of

Proates forearm, binds unla and radius together.

ulna I:

Distal quarter of anterior surface of radius

Muscles of the forearm Posterior Compartment (Superficial layer) Brachioradialis Nerve: Radial Roots: C5 -C7

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Proximal 1/3 of lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus

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lateral surface of distal end of radius.

Weak flexion of forearm

S: Biceps brachii, brachialis A: Triceps brachii Extensor carpi radialis longus O: Nerve: Radial Roots: C6, C7 I: S: Extension: Extensor carpi radialis brevis, Extensor carpi unlaris A: Wrist Flexion: Palmaris lonus, Flexor carpi radialis and ulnaris Extensor carpi radialis brevis O: Nerve: Radial Roots: C7, C8 I: S: Extension: Extensor carpi radialis brevis, Extensor carpi unlaris A: Wrist Flexion: Palmaris lonus, Flexor carpi radialis and ulnaris Extensor digitorum O: Nerve: Posterior interosseous nerve I: Roots: C7, C8 A: flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus Extensor digiti minimi O: Nerve: Posterior interosseous nerve I: Roots: C7, C8 A: flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus Extensor carpi ulnaris O: Nerve: Posterior interosseous nerve I: Roots: C7, C8 S: Extension: Extensor carpi radialis loongus and brevis A: Wrist Flexion: Palmaris lonus, Flexor carpi radialis and ulnaris Deep layer Supinator Nerve: Radial nerve Roots: C7 and C8 S: Supination: Biceps brachii A: Pronation: Pronator teres, Pronator Quadratus Abductor pollicis longus Nerve: Posterior Interosseous nerve Roots: C7 and C8 S: Abductor pollicis brevis A: adductor pollicis Extensor pollicis Longus

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Lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of

extends and abducts wrist

humerus Dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal Abduction: Flexor carpi radialis Adduction: Flexor carpi unlaris Lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of

extends and abducts wrist

humerus Dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal Abduction: Flexor carpi radialis Adduction: Flexor carpi unlaris Lateral epicondyle

Extends medial 4 fingers at MCP, PIP, DIP

Extensor tendons of medial 4 fingers

Lateral epicondyle

Extends 5th fingerat MCP, PIP, DIP

Extensor tendons of 5th finger

Lateral epicondyle

Extends and adducts the wirst

Dorsal surface of the base of the 5th metacarpal Adduction: Flexor carpi unlaris Abduction: Flexor carpi radialis Lateral epicondyle, radial collateral and

Supinates forearm

anular ligaments I:

Lateral , posterior, and proximal 1/3 of radius

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Posterior surface, proximal 1/2 of unla,

Abducts and extends thumb

raduis, and interosseous membrane I:

Base of 1st metacarpal

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Posterior surface of middle 1/3 of ulna

Extends interpalangeal, metacarpophalangeal,

Nerve: Posterior Interosseous nerve Roots: C7 and C8 S: Extensor pollicis brevis A: Flexor pollicis longus and brevis Extensor pollicis brevis Nerve: Posterior Interosseous nerve Roots: C7 and C8 S: Extensor pollicis longus A: Flexor pollicis longus and brevis

and interosseous membrane

and carpometacarpal joints of thumb

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Dorsal surface of distal phalanx

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Posterior surface of distal 1/3 of ulna

Extends proximal phalanx, metacarpophalangeal,

and interosseous membrane

and carpometacarpal joints of thumb

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Dorsal surface of the base proximal phalanx

MUSCLES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY: Movement of the hip and leg:

Anterior Compartment Thigh Muscles: Pectineus

Superior ramus of pubis. Flexes, adducts and assists with medial rotation of hip. Pectineal line inferior to lesser trochanter of femur. S: Flexion: Rectus femoris, iliopsoas Adduction: Adductor (longus, brevis, and magnus), Gracilis Medial rotation: Gluteus minimis A: Extension: Gluteus maximus, Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, Biceps femoris Abduction: Gluteus (medius and minimus) Lateral rotation: Gluteus maximus Sartorius O: Anterior superior iliac spine. Flexes knee. Nerve: Femoral nerve I: Upper medial surface of body of tibia. Flexes, abducts and laterally rotates hip.

Nerve: Femoral nerve, also fibers from obturator nerve Roots: L2 - L4

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Roots: L2 - L4 S: Hip flexion: Rectus femorus, iliopsoas, pectineus Knee Flexion: Semimembranosus, Semitedinosus, Biceps Femoris Hip Abduction:, Gluteus minimis & medius A: Hip extension: Gluteus maximus, Semimembranosus, Semitedinosus, Biceps femoris Knee extension: Quadriceps muscles Hip adduction: Adductor (longus, brevis, and magnus), Pectineus, Gracilis iliopsoas Psoas major O: Nerve: Lumbar nerves (L1 - L3) I: Iliacus O: Nerve: Femoral (L2 -L3) I: S: Hip flexion: Rectus femorus, pectineus

Transverse processes of T12 - L5 hip/thigh flexion Lesser trochanter Iliac crest, fossa, anterior sacroiliac ligament.hip/thigh flexion Lesser trochanter

A: Hip extension: Gluteus maximus, Semimembranosus, Semitedinosus, Biceps femoris Quadriceps Femoris Rectus femoris

Anterior inferior iliac spine. Extension at knee. Patella via quadriceps tendon and then Flexion at hip. tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament. S: Hip flexion: Iliopsoas, Pectineus Knee Extension: Vastus (medalis, lateralis, and intermedialis) A: Hip extension: Gluteus maximus, Semimembranosus, Semitedinosus, Biceps femoris Knee Flexion: Semimembranosus, Semitedinosus, Biceps femoris Vastus medialis O: Linea aspera of femur. Extension at knee.

Nerve: Femoral nerve Roots: L2 - L4

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Nerve: Femoral nerve Roots: L2 - L4

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Patella via quadriceps tendon and then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament.

Vastus lateralis

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Intertrochanteric line and linea aspera of femur. Patella via quadriceps tendon and then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament.

Extension at knee.

Nerve: Femoral nerve Roots: L2 - L4

Anterior 2/3 and lateral shaft of femur Patella via quadriceps tendon and then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament.

Extension at knee.

S: Rectus femoris, Vastus (lateralis and intermedialis) A: Semimembranosus, Semitedinosus, Biceps femoris

S: Rectus femoris, Vastus (medalis and intermedialis) A: Semimembranosus, Semitedinosus, Biceps femoris Vastus intermedius

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Nerve: Femoral nerve Roots: L2 - L4 S: Rectus femoris, Vastus (lateralis, and medialis) A: Semimembranosus, Semitedinosus, Biceps femoris

Medial Thigh Muscles: Adductor brevis

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Anterior surface of the Inferior ramus of. Adducts, flexes, and helps laterally rotate hip. pubis I: Superior half of linea aspera of femur. S: Adduction: Adductor (longus and magnus), Gracilis, Pectineus Flexion: Rectus femorus, IIiopsoas, Pectineus Lateral Rotation: Gluteus maximus A: Abduction: Gluteus (medius and minimus) Extension: Gluteus maximus, Semimembranosus, Semitedinosus, Biceps femoris Medial rotation: Gluteus minimis Adductor longus O: Body of pubis inferior to Pubic crest Adducts, flexes, and helps laterally rotate hip. Nerve: Obturator nerve and lateral pubic symphysis. Roots: L2 - L4 I: middel 1/3 of Linea aspera of femur. S: Same as Adductor brevis A: Same as Adductor brevis

Nerve: Obturator nerve Roots: L2 - L4

Adductor magnus

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Nerve: Obutator and Tibial nerves Roots: L2 - L4

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S: Adduction: Adductor (longus and brevis), Gracilis, Pectineus A: Abduction: Gluteus (medius and minimus) Gracilis

Nerve: Obturator nerve Roots: L2 & L3

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S: Adduction: Adductor (Magnus, brevis and longus), Gracilis, Pectineus Medial rotation: Gluteus minimis A: Abduction: Gluteus minimus and minimus Lateral rotation: Gluteus maximus

Inferior ramus of pubis and ischium to Adducts thigh, superior horizontal fibers flexes thigh ischial tuberosity. Posterior portion extends thigh at hip joint. Linea aspera of femur. Medial supracondylar line Hip Flexion: Rectus femorus, IIiopsoas, Pectineus Hip Extension: Gluteus maximus, Semimembranosus, Semitedinosus, Biceps femoris Body and inferior ramus of pubis Adducts and medially rotates hip; and flexes knee. Anterior medial proximal tibia. Knee Flexion: Semimembranosus, Semitedinosus, Biceps femoris

Knee Extension: Rectus femoris, Vastus (medalis, lateralis, and intermedialis)

Gluteal Region Muscles: Tensor fasciae latae

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Anterior superior iliac spine and anterior Flexes and abducts thigh at hip joint. Iliac crest Helps stabilize and steady the hip and knee joints I: Tibia by way of the iliotibial tract. by putting tension on the iliotibial band of fascia S: Flexion: Rectus femoris, IIiopsoas, Pectineus, Abduction: Gluteus (medius and minimus) A: Extension: Gluteus maximus, Semimembranosus, Semitedinosus, Biceps femoris Adduction: Gracilis, Pectineus, Adductors (all 3) Gluteus maximus O: Iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx, and Extends thigh at hip and laterally rotates thigh. Nerve: Inferior Gluteal nerve aponeurosis of sacrospinalis. Middle fibers abduct the hip. Roots: L5, S1 & S2 I: Iliotibial tract of fascia lata and lateral part of linea aspera under greater S: Extension: Gluteus maximus, Semimembranosus, Semitedinosus, trochanter (gluteal tuberosity) of femur. Biceps femoris Abduction: Gluteus minimus and minimus A: Flexion: Rectus femoris, IIiopsoas, Pectineus Medial rotation: Gluteus minimis Adduction: Adductor (longus and brevis), Gracilis, Pectineus Gluteus medius O: Dorsal ilium inferior to iliac crest Abducts and medially rotates hip. Nerve: Superior Gluteal nerve I: Greater trochanter of femur.

Nerve: Superior Gluteal nerve Roots: L4 & L5, S1

Roots: L4 & L5, S1 S: Gluteus minimus A: Adduction: Adductors (All 3), Gracilis, Pectineus Gluteus minimus

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Nerve: Superior Gluteal nerve Roots: L4 & L5, S1 S: Gluteus medius

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A: Adduction: Adductors (All 3), Gracilis, Pectineus, Gluteus maximus Piriformis

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Lateral rotation: Gluteus maximus Anterior surface of lateral process of sacrum and gluteal surface of ilium at the margin of the greater sciatic notch Superior border of greater trochanter

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Long head: Ischial tuberosity

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Nerve: Piriformis nerve Roots: L5, S1 & S2 S: Abduction: Gluteus (medius, minimis)

Lateral rotation: Gluteus maximus Dorsal ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines. Greater trochanter of femur.

Abducts and medially rotates hip.

Laterally rotates and abducts thigh at hip joint.

Lateral rotation: Gluteus maximus A: Adduction: Adductors (All 3), Gracilis, Pectineus Medial rotation: Glueus minimis and medius

Posterior Thigh Muscles: Biceps femoris

Nerve: Tibial nerve Short head: linea aspera of femur. Roots: L5, S1 & S2 I: Head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia. S: Extension of hip and flexion of knee: Semtendinosus, Semimembranosus Hip extension: Gluteus maximus A: Hip flexion: Rectus femoris, iliopsoas, Pectineus Semitendinosus

Nerve: Tibial nerve

Long head : Extends hip and Flexes knee. Short Head flexes knee and laterally rotates hip.

lateral rotation: Gluteus maximus Knee flexion: Vastus (medalis, lateralis, and intermedialis) Medial rotation: Gluteus minimis O: Ischial tuberosity. Flexes knee. I: Proximal part of medial surface of shaft Extends and medially rotates hip.

Roots: L5, S1 & S2 of tibia. S: Knee flexion: Biceps femoris, Semimembranosus Hip extension: Gluteus maximus, Biceps femoris, Semimembranosus A: Knee extension: Rectus femoris, Vastus (medalis, lateralis, and intermedialis) Hip flexion: Rectus femoris, iliopsoas, Pectineus

Medial rotation: Gluteus minimis lateral rotation: Gluteus maximus

Semimembranosus O: Ischial tuberosity. Flexes knee. Nerve: Tibial nerve I: Posterior medial condyle of tibia. Extends and medially rotates hip. Roots: L5, S1 & S2 S: Knee flexion: Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus Medial Rotation: Gluteus minimis A: Knee extention: Rectus femoris, Vastus (medalis, lateralis, and intermedialis) Lateral Rotation: Gluteus maximus

Muscles of the Anterior Compartment of the lower Leg Tibialis Anteior O: Nerve: Deep Fibular nerve Roots: L4 & 5 S: Extensor digitorium longus, Fibularis tertius I: A: Plantar flexsion: Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris, Tibialis posterior

lateral condyle, superior lateral 1/2 surface of the Tibia, interosseous membrane Medial inferior surface of 1st cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

Dorsiflexes ankle, inverts foot, supports longitudinal arch

Fibularis longus and brevis Extensor Hallucis longus Nerve: Deep Fibular nerve Roots: L5 & S1 S: Extensor hallucis brevis A: Flexsor hallucis longus

Middle anterior surface of fibula, interosseous membrane Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of Hallux

Extends Hallux

Lateral epicondyle, superior 3/4 of the anterior surfaace of the interosseous membrane Middle and disital phalanges of 2 - 5 toes

Extends all digits of phalanx 2 - 5, Dorsiflexes ankle

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Extensor digitorum longus Nerve: Deep Fibular nerve Roots: L5 & S1 S: Extensor digitorum brevis A: Flexsor digitorum longus

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I:

Fibularis tertius O: Nerve: Deep Fibular nerve Roots: L5 & S1 I: S: Dorsiflexsion: Extensor digitorium longus, Tibialis anterior A: Plantarflexion: Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris, Tibialis posterior

Inferior 1/3 of anterior surface of tibia and Dorsiflexes ankle, aids in eversion of foot interosseuos membrane Dorsum of the base of 5th metatarsal Eversion: Fibularis longus, brevis, and tertius Inverison: Tibialis anterior

Muscles of the lateral Compartment of the lower Leg Fibularis Longus Nerve: Superficial Fibular nerve Roots: L5 & S1 - 2 S: Eversion: Fibularis brevis and tertius A: inversion: Tibialis anterior Fibularis brevis

O:

Head, superior 2/3 of lateral fibula

Everts foot, weakly plantarflexes ankle, Supports transverse arch

I: Base of 1st metatarsal and 1st cuneiform Plantarflexion: Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris, Tibialis posterior Dorsiflexsion: Extensor digitorium longus, Tibialis anterior O: Lateral inferior 2/3 of fibula Everts foot, weakly plantarflexes ankle,

Nerve: Superficial Fibular nerve Roots: L5 & S1 - 2 S: eversion: Fibularis longus and tertius A: inversion: Tibialis anterior

I:

Dorsal surface of tuberosity of Supports transverse arch 5th metatarsal Plantarflexion: Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris, Tibialis posterior Dorsiflexsion: Extensor digitorium longus, Tibialis anterior

Muscles of the posterior Compartment of the lower Leg Gastrocnemuis Nerve: Tibial Roots: S1 - 2

O:

Lareal head: Lateral condyle of femur Medial head: superior to medial condyle

Plantarflexes ankle, flexes leg at knee

of femur I: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon S: Plantarflexion: Soleus, Plantaris, Flexor hallucis longus, Flexor digitorum longus, Tibialis posterior A:

Flexion of knee: Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Poplteous dorsiflexion: Extensor digitorium longus, Tibialis anterior

Knee extension: Rectus femoris, Vastus (medalis, lateralis, and intermedialis) Soleus O: Posterior head of fibula, posterior medial Nerve: Tibial tibia Roots: S1 - 2 I: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon S: Gastrocnemius, Plantaris, Flexor hallucis longus, Flexor digitorum longus, Tibialis posterior A: Extensor digitorium longus, Tibialis anterior Plantaris O: Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line Nerve: Tibial of femur Roots: S1 - 2 I: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon S: Gastrocnemius, Plantaris, Flexor hallucis longus, Flexor digitorum longus, Tibialis posterior A: Extensor digitorium longus, Tibialis anterior

Plantarflexes ankle

Plantarflexes ankle

Muscles of the posterior Compartment of the lower Leg (Deepest layer) Popliteus Nerve: Tibial Roots: L4 - 5, S1 S: Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, A: Rectus femoris, Vastus (medalis, lateralis, and intermedialis)

O:

Flexor hallucis longus

O:

Inferior 2/3 of posterior fibula, inferior Nerve: Tibial interosseous membrane Roots: S2 - 3 I: Base of distal phalanx of hallux S: Gastrocnemius, soleus, Plantaris, Flexor digitorum longus, Tibialis posterior A: Extensor hallucis longus and brevis

Flexes hallux, weakly plantarflexes ankle, supports longitudinal arch

Flexsor digitorum longus

O: I:

Flexes all joints of toes 2-5, weakly plantarflexes ankle, supports longitudinal arch

Nerve: Tibial Roots: S2 - 3

I:

Lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus Posterior surface of tibia

Medial posterior tibia Base of distal phalanges toes 2-5

Unlocks knee, weakly flexes knee

S: A:

Gastrocnemius, soleus, Plantaris, Flexor hallucis longus, Tibialis posterior Extensor digitorum longus and brevis

Tibialis posterior

O: Posterio tibia and fibula, interosseous Nerve: Tibial membrane Roots: L4 - 5 I: Navicular, all cuneiforms, cuoid, and S: Gastrocnemius, soleus, Plantaris, Flexor hallucis longus, Flexor digitorum longus, A:

Inversion: Tibialis anterior Fibularis longus, brevis, and tertius, tibialis anterior

Plantarflexes ankle, inverts foot

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