PSYC%1210%)%MIDTERM%2%(SU15) Mul$ple'Choice'Ques$ons'(72'Marks)% 1)%% %

________%is%defined%as%a%two)way%interacBon%between%aspects%of%the%environment%and%% aspects%of%the%individual%in%the%shaping%of%personality%traits.%% A)%% Social)cogniBve%interacBon%% B)%% Parallel%interacBon%% C)%% Nature–nurture%theory%% D)'' Reciprocal'determinism''

2)%% % %

A%disBncBve%paQern%of%behaviours,%thoughts,%moBves,%and%emoBons%that%characterizes%a% person%over%Bme%is%defined%as%________,%whereas%habitual%ways%of%behaving,%% % thinking,%and%feeling%are%considered%________.%% A)%% personality;%traits%% B)'' personality;'habits'' C)%% a%habit;%personaliBes%% D)%% a%trait;%personaliBes%%

3)%%

Which%of%the%following%is%NOT%one%of%the%Big%Five%personality%traits?%% A)%% neuroBcism%% B)'' psycho$cism'' C)%% openness%to%experience%% D)%% agreeableness%%

4)%%

Research%on%the%Big%Five%and%the%aging%process%supports%all%of%the%following%EXCEPT:%% A)%% from%16%to%21%years%of%age,%people%are%the%most%neuroBc%and%least%conscienBous.%% B)%% people%begin%to%become%less%antagonisBc%and%more%agreeable%around%age%30.%% C)'' in'later'adulthood,'individuals'become'more'open'to'new'experiences.'' D)%% the%Big%Five%are%stable%over%a%lifeBme,%especially%once%a%person%hits%30.%%

5)%%

Heritability%studies%of%personality%show%that:%% A)'' almost'all'personality'traits'are'influenced'by'gene$c'factors.'' B)%% very%few%personality%traits%are%influenced%by%geneBc%factors.%% C)%% only%specific%traits,%such%as%self)control,%are%influenced%by%geneBc%factors.%% D)%% only%broad%traits,%such%as%extraversion%and%neuroBcism,%are%influenced%by%geneBc% % factors.%%

6)%% %

Which%of%the%following%provides%evidence%supporBng%the%view%that%parental%child)rearing% pracBces%are%the%strongest%influence%on%children's%personality%development?%% A)%% the%child)rearing%style%a%parent%uses%% B)%% the%inconsistency%of%parental%child)rearing%style%over%Bme%% C)%% studies%of%the%effect%of%the%shared%environment%of%the%home%on%children%% % % compared%to%adopted%siblings%% D)'' none'of'the'above''

1

PSYC%1210%)%MIDTERM%2%(SU15)

7)%%

________%cultures%are%to%autonomy%as%________%cultures%are%to%relaBonships.%% A)%% Polychronic;%individualisBc%% B)'' Individualis$c;'collec$vis$c'' C)%% CollecBvisBc;%individualisBc%% D)%% IndividualisBc;%monochronic%%

8)%%

Theorists%within%the%psychodynamic%tradiBon%would%agree%that:%% A)%% humans%are%raBonal%decision%makers.%% B)%% personality%development%is%smooth%and%conBnuous.%% C)'' the'primacy'of'the'first'five'years'is'evident'in'adult'personality.'' D)%% psychologists%need%to%rely%on%objecBve%rather%than%subjecBve%methods.%%

9)%% %

According%to%Freud,%the%developmental%acquisiBon%of%the%personality%components%% begins%with%the%________,%then%the%________,%and%finally%the%________.%% A)%% ego;%id;%superego%% B)%% superego;%libido;%ego%% C)'' id;'ego;'superego'' D)%% libido;%superego;%ego%%

10)%% %

A%________%is%a%strategy%that%denies%or%distorts%reality,%but%protects%us%from%conflict%and%% anxiety.%% A)%% trait%% B)%% psychological%dynamic%% C)%% libido%% D)'' defence'mechanism''

11)%% %

Which%psychosexual%stage%is%most%crucial%for%the%formaBon%of%personality,%according%to%% Freud?%% A)%% the%genital%stage%% B)'' the'phallic'stage'' C)%% the%oral%stage%% D)%% the%anal%stage%%

12)%%

According%to%Carl%Jung,%part%of%the%legacy%of%human%history%is%a:%% A)%% liturgical%unconscious%shared%by%all%human%beings%containing%symbols%from%each%% % of%the%major%world%religions.%% B)%% womb%envy%shared%by%all%men,%consisBng%of%universal%symbols%of%the%"Earth%% % Mother."%% C)'' collec$ve'unconscious'shared'by'all'human'beings'containing'universal'' ' ' memories,'symbols,'and'images.' D)%% penis%envy%shared%by%all%women,%consisBng%of%universal%memories%of%the%% % % "Powerful%Father."%%

2

PSYC%1210%)%MIDTERM%2%(SU15)

13)%%

Archetypes%are:%% A)%% beliefs%about%how%your%own%mind%and%the%minds%of%other%people%work.%% B)'' universal,'symbolic'images'that'appear'in'myths,'art,'and'dreams.'' C)%% strategies%to%succeed%in%the%world%that%are%not%explicitly%taught.%% D)%% habitual%ways%of%thinking,%feeling,%and%behaving.%%

14)%% %

Prof.%Hirth%takes%a%humanist%approach%to%personality.%She%would%most%likely%agree%that%% the%most%influenBal%aspect%of%human%personality%is%our:%% A)'' capacity'to'shape'our'own'futures.'' B)%% past%learning.%% C)%% geneBc%makeup.%% D)%% unconscious%conflicts.%%

15)%%

According%to%Carl%Rogers,%if%a%man%loves%his%wife%only%when%she%is%looking%her%best,%then:%% A)%% he%would%receive%a%high%score%on%the%Big%Five%trait%of%neuroBcism.%% B)'' he'is'giving'her'condi$onal'posi$ve'regard.'' C)%% he%is%fixated%at%the%phallic%stage%of%psychosexual%development.%% D)%% his%shadow%has%dominated%his%unconscious%personality.%%

16)%%

According%to%Abraham%Maslow,%the%most%important%aspects%of%personality%are%the:%% A)%% reinforcers%and%punishers%in%a%person's%learning%history.%% B)'' quali$es'of'the'selfLactualized'person.'' C)%% insBncts%and%repressed%conflicts%of%a%person.%% D)%% Big%Five%personality%traits.%%

Match'the'defini$ons'with'the'appropriate'terms'(Ques$ons'#50L54).' A)%% defence%mechanism%% B)%% libido%% C)%% id% D)%% superego% E)%% ego% 17)%%

B%%the%psychic%energy%that%fuels%the%life%or%sexual%insBncts%of%the%unconscious%

18)%% % 19)%%

C%the%part%of%personality%containing%inherited%psychic%energy,%parBcularly%sexual%and%% aggressive%insBncts% E%the%part%of%personality%that%represents%reason,%good%sense,%and%raBonal%self)control%

20)%% %

A%%methods%used%to%prevent%unconscious%anxiety%or%threatening%thoughts%from%entering%% consciousness%%

22)%%

D%the%part%of%personality%that%represents%conscience,%morality,%and%social%standards%%

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PSYC%1210%)%MIDTERM%2%(SU15)

Match'the'examples'with'the'appropriate'defence'mechanisms'(Ques$ons'#55L59).' A)%% repression%% B)%% sublimaBon% C)%% displacement%% D)%% regression%% E)%% reacBon%formaBon% 23)%% C%John%is%angry%at%his%mom%for%punishing%him.%Later,%when%his%sister%asks%him%for%help% with%% % her%homework,%he%yells%at%her.%% % 24)%% She%%

E'Dana,%who%actually%hates%blacks,%works%in%a%preschool%for%disadvantaged%minoriBes.% % says%that%she%wants%to%help%them%to%be%beQer%prepared%for%school.%%

25)%%

A%Deanna%doesn't%remember%the%violent%rape%she%experienced%last%year.%%

26)%%

B%A%Catholic%priest%takes%a%vow%of%celibacy%to%be%beQer%able%to%serve%God.%%

27)%% D%When%his%baby%sister%is%born,%Jake%suddenly%starts%sucking%his%thumb%although%he% hasn't%%% done%so%in%almost%a%year.%% 28)%% A)%% B)%% C)%% D)''

A/An%________%is%framed%in%terms%of%showing%how%good%you%are.%% approach%goal%% avoidance%goal%% mastery%goal%% performance'goal''

29)%% A)%% B)%% C)'' D)%%

What%percentage%of%Canadian%adults%is%now%overweight%or%obese?%% 25%%% 35%%% 50%'' 65%%%

30)%% To%psychologists,%moBvaBon%refers%to:%% A)%% a%process%in%which%an%individual%sets%goals%in%order%to%increase%his%or%her%competence%% % and%skills.%% B)%% a%state%of%tension%resulBng%from%the%deprivaBon%of%physical%needs,%such%as%those%for%food% % and%water.%% C)%% movement%through%a%hierarchy%of%need,%beginning%with%survival%needs%for%sleep,%food,%% % and%water%and%reaching%needs%for%self)actualizaBon.%% D)'' an'inferred'process'within'a'person'or'animal'that'causes'that'organism'to'move' toward'' ' a'goal'or'away'from'an'unpleasant'situa$on.''

4

PSYC%1210%)%MIDTERM%2%(SU15)

31)%% Bobby%reads%books%because%he%loves%to%learn%and%acquire%informaBon,%whereas%Jimmy% will%read%a%book%if%his%parents%pay%him%five%dollars%for%every%book%he%reads.%Bobby's%behaviour%is% a%good%example%of%________,%and%Jimmy's%behaviour%is%a%good%example%of%________.%% A)%% extrinsic%moBvaBon;%intrinsic%moBvaBon%% B)%% a%performance%goal;%a%mastery%goal%% C)'' intrinsic'mo$va$on;'extrinsic'mo$va$on'' D)%% a%mastery%goal;%a%performance%goal%% 32)%% ________%is%defined%as%the%geneBcally%influenced%weight%range%for%an%individual,% maintained%by%biological%mechanisms%that%regulate%food%intake,%fat%reserves,%and%metabolism.%% A)%% Anorexia%nervosa%% B)%% Basal%metabolism%rate%% C)%% LepBn%% D)'' Set'point'' 33)%% A)%% B)'' C)%% D)%%

________%is%a%protein%secreted%by%fat%cells%that%helps%in%the%regulaBon%of%appeBte.%% Usnic%acid%% Lep$n'' Ephedra%% OB%%

34)%% In%the%study%of%culture,%psychology,%and%weight,%it%has%been%found%regarding%obesity%in% Canada%that:%% A)'' the'longer'an'immigrant'has'lived'in'Canada,'the'greater'the'chance'that'he'or'she'will'' ' become'obese'or'overweight.'' B)%% the%prevalence%of%obesity%has%decreased%in%Canada%in%the%past%few%years.%% C)%% increases%in%obesity%have%been%restricted%to%North%America%primarily,%whereas%countries%% % such%the%United%Kingdom%have%not%experienced%this%rise.%% D)%% in%1994,%obesity%was%esBmated%to%directly%cost%Canadian%taxpayers%more%than%5%%of%the%% % health)care%budget.%% 35)%% A)%% ' B)'' C)%% D)%%

The%rising%rates%of%people%who%are%overweight%or%obese%are%most%likely%due%to%a:%% systemaBc%change%in%the%genes%involved%in%metabolism%and%fat%storage%over%the%past%% several%decades.%' change'in'our'environments'in'the'past'few'decades.'% evoluBonary%adaptaBon%that%made%storing%fat%necessary%to%offset%the%effects%of%famine.%% change%in%set%points%due%to%the%increase%in%popular%dieBng%trends.%%

36)%% A)%% % B)%% C)'' D)%%

Which%is%NOT%a%similarity%between%adult%passionate%love%and%infant)mother%love?%% The%same%areas%of%the%brain%become%acBve%when%an%adult%views%a%picture%of%a%lover%and%% a%mother%views%a%picture%of%her%child.%% Both%forms%of%love%share%a%common%evoluBonary%purpose.%% Separa$on'results'in'decreases'in'adrenalin'in'both'cases.'' Endorphin)sBmulated%euphoria%may%be%the%basis%for%both.%%

5

PSYC%1210%)%MIDTERM%2%(SU15)

37)%% A%girl%likes%a%boy.%If%this%girl%and%boy%are%similar%to%most%people,%it%can%be%predicted%that% the%boy%has%the%same%feelings%for%the%girl,%based%on%the%idea%of:%% A)%% reciprocity.%% B)%% normaBve%influence.%% C)%% physical%aQracBveness.%% D)'' similarity.'' 38)%% A%couple%has%been%married%for%a%short%period%of%Bme.%A%second%couple%has%been%involved% in%a%loving%relaBonship%for%many%years.%The%first%couple's%marriage%is%more%likely%to%be% characterized%as%________%love;%the%second%couple's%relaBonship%is%more%likely%to%be%called% ________%love.%% A)%% pragmaBc;%eroBc%% B)%% aQached;%sad%% C)'' passionate;'companionate'' D)%% posiBve;%negaBve%% 39)%% A)%% B)%% C)%% D)''

Which%of%the%following%is%NOT%an%aQachment%style%in%love%relaBonships?%% secure%aQachment%% avoidant%aQachment%% anxious)ambivalent%aQachment%% in$mate'aWachment''

40)%% A)%% B)'' C)%% D)%%

About%________%of%adults%experience%secure%aQachments%in%romanBc%relaBonships.%% 72%%% 64%'' 35%%% 50%%%

41)%% Based%on%the%gender%stereotypes%of%contemporary%Western%society,%a%woman%might% express%feelings%of%love%________,%whereas%a%man%might%express%feelings%of%love%________.%% A)%% by%watching%TV%together;%by%inviBng%her%fishing.%% B)'' by'saying,'"I'love'you!";'by'filling'her'gas'tank.'' C)%% by%working%his%stamp%collecBon%with%him;%by%saying,%"I%love%you!"%% D)%% by%helping%him%financially;%by%going%to%her%favourite%movie%twice.%% 42)%% A)%% B)%% C)%% D)''

________%plays%a%crucial%role%in%the%aQachment)caregiving%system.%% Testosterone%% Serotonin%% Dopamine%% Oxytocin''

6

PSYC%1210%)%MIDTERM%2%(SU15)

43)%% The%need%for%________%is%a%learned%moBve%to%meet%personal%standards%of%success%and% excellence%in%a%chosen%area.%% A)'' achievement'' B)%% performance%% C)%% power%% D)%% status%% 44)%% The%raBonale%that%formed%the%basis%for%use%of%the%ThemaBc%AppercepBon%Test%to%study% the%need%for%achievement%was%that%people%would:%% A)%% choose%career%paths%that%were%consistent%with%their%underlying%moBvaBons.%% B)%% respond%most%quickly%to%moBves%that%they%agreed%with.%% C)%% answer%direct%quesBons%honestly%and%accurately.%% D)'' project'their'mo$ves'into'their'responses.'' 45)%% A)%% B)%% C)%% D)''

Which%is%NOT%one%of%the%condiBons%likely%to%improve%moBvaBon%and%performance?%% Define%your%goal%in%a%way%that%is%specific%about%what%you%will%do%and%when.%% Set%a%challenging%but%realisBc%goal,%so%that%by%working%hard%you%can%achieve%it.%% Define%your%goal%in%terms%of%the%posiBve%experiences%you%are%directly%seeking.%% Frame'your'goals'in'terms'of'what'you'want'to'avoid'that'is'unpleasant.''

46)%% A)'' B)%% C)%% D)%%

Tate%is%moBvated%by%performance%goals.%Tate%is%likely%to:%% make'an'effort'to'show'competence.'' try,%and%then%try%again%when%the%first%effort%doesn't%succeed.%% feel%intrinsic%pleasure%in%the%task%he%is%mastering.%% determine%how%a%parBcular%mistake%can%be%"his%friend."%%

47)%% A)%% B)'' C)%% D)%%

________%are%goals%framed%in%terms%of%increasing%one's%competence%and%skills.%% Avoidance%goals%% Performance'goals'' Mastery%goals%% Approach%goals%%

48)%% Evan%wants%to%earn%a%black%belt%in%karate.%Which%way%of%thinking%is%most%likely%to%help% Evan%reach%his%goal?%% A)%% "I%will%set%specific%goals%that%I%know%I%can%reach%easily."%% B)'' "I'will'set'specific'goals'that'are'tough'but'aWainable."'' C)%% "I%should%make%sure%I%don't%lose%any%matches."%% D)%% "I%will%try%not%to%fool%around%when%I%should%be%pracBcing."%%

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49)%% Charlie%and%CharloQe%are%learning%to%ski.%Every%Bme%she%falls,%CharloQe%says,%"This%is%the% most%humiliaBng%experience%I've%ever%had!%Everyone%is%watching%me%behave%like%a%clumsy%dolt!"% When%Charlie%falls,%he%says,%"Well,%that%sure%isn't%the%way%to%turn%on%these%things.%I’d%beQer%try% another%way."%Why%is%CharloQe%more%likely%than%Charlie%to%give%up?%% A)%% She%is%focusing%on%performance.%% B)%% She%actually%is%clumsy.%% C)'' She'is'focusing'on'mastery.'' D)%% She%is%less%competent%at%skiing.%% 50)%% A)%% B)%% C)%% D)''

Which%of%the%following%is%NOT%a%funcBon%of%facial%expressions?%% foster%communicaBon%with%others%% enhance%infant%survival%% signal%our%intenBons%to%others%% help'us'iden$fy'others''

51)%% A)'' B)%% C)%% D)%%

Which%of%the%following%is%NOT%a%major%component%of%emoBon%according%to%the%text?%% behavioural'changes'' cogniBve%processes%% physiological%changes%% cultural%influences%%

52)%% A)'' B)%% C)%% D)%%

EmoBons%considered%to%be%universal%and%biologically%based%are%called:%% primary.' terBary.%% individualisBc.%% secondary.%%

53)%% A)%% B)%% C)%% D)''

Which%of%the%following%is%typically%NOT%considered%to%be%a%primary%emoBon?%% sadness%% fear%% anger%% jealousy%%

54)%% A)%% B)'' C)%% D)%%

EmoBons%that%develop%with%cogniBve%maturity%are%called:%% individualisBc.%% secondary.'' primary.%% terBary.%%

55)%% Older%people%who%have%________%as%pets%tend%to%visit%medical%clinics%less%oten%than% their%peers%who%have%no%pets.%% A)%% canaries%% B)'' dogs'' C)%% cats%% D)%% fish%% 8

PSYC%1210%)%MIDTERM%2%(SU15)

56)%% A)%% % B)'' ' C)%% % D)%% %

Facial%feedback%is%defined%as:%% an%irraBonal%aspect%of%our%mammalian%heritage%that%no%longer%has%an%adapBve%funcBon%% in%human%behaviour.%% the'process'by'which'the'facial'muscles'send'messages'to'the'brain'about'the'basic'' emo$on'being'expressed.'' an%arousal%state%involving%facial%and%bodily%changes,%brain%acBvaBon,%cogniBve%% % appraisals,%subjecBve%feelings,%&%tendencies%toward%acBon,%all%shaped%by%cultural%%rules.%% a%set%of%social%and%cultural%rules%that%regulate%when,%how,%and%where%a%person%may%% express%(or%must%suppress)%emoBons.%%

57)%% A)%% B)%% C)'' D)%%

When%Noah%complies%with%instrucBons%to%smile%and%look%happy,%it%is%most%likely%that:%% he%will%begin%to%feel%angry.%% his%reacBon%will%depend%on%his%age.%% his'posi$ve'feelings'will'increase.'' he%will%begin%to%feel%annoyed.%%

58)%% A)%% % B)%% % C)'' ' D)%% %

Research%on%emoBons%has%shown%that:%% emoBons%can%be%experienced%without%facial%expression,%but%facial%expressions%cannot%be%% produced%without%the%experience%of%an%emoBon.%% cross)cultural%agreement%on%the%idenBficaBon%of%emoBons%is%greater%when%people%are%% allowed%to%freely%choose%the%emoBon%being%expressed.%% the'context'in'which'an'emo$on'occurs'can'determine'one's'interpreta$on'and'' ' iden$fica$on'of'that'emo$on.'' there%is%almost%universal%agreement%as%to%which%emoBon%a%parBcular%facial%expression%% reveals.%%

59)%% Although%it%is%a%relaBvely%small%structure%in%the%brain,%the%________%plays%a%key%role%in% emoBon%in%that%it%is%responsible%for%making%iniBal%decisions%about%whether%to%________.%% A)%% cortex;%approach%or%withdraw%from%a%person%or%situaBon%% B)%% amygdala;%be%happy%or%sad%% C)%% thalamus;%approach%or%withdraw%from%a%person%or%situaBon%% D)'' amygdala;'approach'or'withdraw'from'a'person'or'situa$on'' 60)%% Suppose%you%take%a%rat%and%expose%it%to%a%large%house%cat.%If%the%rat%showed%no%fear%of% the%cat,%you%might%predict%the%rat%had%damage%to%the:%% A)%% medulla.%% B)'' amygdala.'' C)%% right%prefrontal%cortex.%% D)%% let%prefrontal%cortex.%% 61)%% A)%% B)'' C)%% D)%%

Expression%of%an%emoBon%that%the%person%does%not%really%feel%is%called:%% facial%feedback.%% emo$on'work.'' body%language.%% secondary%emoBon.% 9

PSYC%1210%)%MIDTERM%2%(SU15)

62)%% Whereas%the%let%prefrontal%cortex%appears%to%be%specialized%for%________;%the%right% prefrontal%cortex%appears%to%be%specialized%for%________.%% A)%% withdrawal;%approach%% B)%% fleeing;%withdrawal%% C)'' approach;'withdrawal'' D)%% anger;%happiness%% 63)%% A)%% % B)'' C)%% D)%%

Schachter%and%Singer's%two)factor%theory%of%emoBon%states%that%emoBons%depend%on:%% universal%neurophysiology%in%the%facial%muscles%and%on%culture)specific%emoBonal%% variaBons.%% physiological'arousal'and'a'cogni$ve'interpreta$on'of'that'arousal.'' primary%emoBons%and%secondary%emoBons.%% subjecBve%feelings%and%on%tendencies%to%act%on%the%feelings.%%

64)%% When%male%hikers%met%an%aQracBve%female%on%a%highly%arousing%suspension%bridge,%they% were%more%likely%to:%% A)'' misinterpret'their'feelings'of'fear'as'aWrac$on.'' B)%% pretend%they%were%not%fearful%in%order%to%appear%courageous%to%the%female.%% C)%% find%the%female%aQracBve,%regardless%of%their%fear.%% D)%% ignore%the%female%because%they%were%fearful.%% 65)%% The%influence%of%thought%on%emoBon%was%studied%by%assessing%athletes'%reacBons%to% being%among%the%medal%winners%in%the%1992%Olympics.%The%results%showed%that:%% A)%% second)place%winners%were%happier%than%third)place%winners.%% B)%% the%happiness%of%female%athletes%followed%the%ranking%in%the%event,%so%third%place%meant%% % third%in%happiness.%% C)'' thirdLplace'winners'were'happier'than'secondLplace'winners.'' D)%% there%were%no%significant%differences%in%happiness%between%third)place%and%second)place% % winners.%% 66)%% Although%many%people%in%many%cultures%experience%anger%or%sadness,%it%is%________%that% determines%when%those%emoBons%are%experienced.%% A)%% the%brain% B)%% the%cogniBve%appraisals%associated%with%the%emoBon% C)'' the'culture' D)%% the%amygdala%% 67)%% A)%% B)%% % C)%% D)'' '

Display%rules%involve:%% emoBons%that%are%displayed,%as%a%rule,%only%by%certain%cultures.%% universal,%biologically%based%emoBonal%displays%evoked%by%parBcular%emoBonal%% % situaBons.%% displaying%an%emoBon%that%is%not%actually%felt,%oten%because%of%a%role%requirement.%% social/cultural'guidelines'that'regulate'when,'how,'and'where'a'person'may'express'' emo$on.''

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PSYC%1210%)%MIDTERM%2%(SU15)

68)%% A)%% B)%% C)%% D)''

The%HPA%axis%is%a%system%acBvated%to:%% control%the%sensory%and%motor%nerves.%% relax%the%body%and%help%it%conserve%energy.%% carry%messages%from%special%receptors%in%the%skin%to%the%brain.%% energize'the'body'to'respond'to'stressors.''

69)%% In%order%to%engage%in%either%a%“fight%or%flight”%response%to%danger,%the%hypothalamus%first% acBvates%the%________,%ulBmately%causing%the%release%of%________.%% A)%% adrenal%medulla;%epinephrine%and%norepinephrine%% B)%% adrenal%cortex;%corBsol%and%other%hormones%% C)%% autonomic%nervous%system;%epinephrine%and%norepinephrine%% D)'' pituitary;'cor$sol'and'other'hormones'' 70)%% A)%% B)'' C)%% D)%%

There%is%good%evidence%that:%% anger%can%cause%a%heart%aQack.%% nega$ve'emo$ons'affect'the'course'of'illness.'' the%determinaBon%to%succeed%affects%the%cardiovascular%system.%% depression%can%cause%cancer.%%

71)%% A)'' B)%% C)%% D)%%

The%characterisBc%of%Type%A%people%that%seems%most%to%put%those%people%at%risk%is:%% hos$lity.'' lack%of%compeBBveness.%% impaBence%with%others.%% Bme%urgency.%%

72)%% A%study%of%the%autobiographies%of%180%Catholic%nuns,%wriQen%when%they%were%about%22% years%old,%demonstrated%that:%% A)%% their%degree%of%religious%commitment%was%related%to%their%general%health%over%a%lifeBme.%% B)%% their%standard%of%living%was%related%to%their%general%health%over%a%lifeBme.%% C)'' the'frequency'of'posi$ve'emo$ons'was'related'to'their'longevity.'' D)%% their%age%when%entering%the%convent%was%related%to%whether%or%not%they%developed%% % Alzheimer's%disease.%%

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