A.D. 560
A.D. 620
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CHAPTER 11
The prophet Muhammad brought the message of Islam to the people of Arabia. After his death, his successors, or caliphs, spread Islam through preaching and conquest. The first four caliphs were called the 2. About how old was Muhammad Rightly Guided Caliphs. Under their when he died? rule, the Arab Empire expanded to include all of southwest Asia.
1. Why did the year A.D. 622 become the first year of the Muslim calendar?
A.D. 680
A.D. 656 Ali, Muhammad’s cousin, becomes the fourth caliph
A.D. 661 Ali is murdered; and the Umayyad caliphs begin their rule
A.D. 660
4. What happened to Ali in A.D. 661?
3. What did the first four caliphs have in common?
A.D. 634 Muhammad’s friend becomes the second caliph A.D. 644 Muhammad’s son-in-law, Uthman becomes the third caliph
A.D. 640
A.D. 632 Muhammad dies
A.D. 630 Muhammad’s soldiers conquer Makkah
Date
Background
A.D. 600
A.D. 610 Muhammad receives his prophetic call
A.D. 632 Muhammad’s father-in-law becomes the first caliph
A.D. 580
A.D. 570 Muhammad is born in Makkah
A.D. 622 Muhammad and his followers go to Yathrib
Directions: Use the information on the time line to answer the questions in the spaces provided.
Early Islamic History (A.D. 570–661)
Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
THE LIFE OF MUHAMMAD
THE FIRST CALIPHS
Name Class
TIME LINE ACTIVITY 11
Name
Class
Date
TAKE-HOME REVIEW ACTIVITY 11
(continued)
Word Unscramble Directions: Look at the letters below. Use the clues to unscramble the letters. 1. A Z R B A A a marketplace important to every Muslim city
2. D I A B S B A the dynasty that built a new capital, Baghdad
3. N U N S A name given to customs based on Muhammad’s words and deeds
4. S Q O E U M S
CHAPTER 11
5. P H C A I L
Muslim houses of worship
successor to the Messenger of God
6. U T B I T U K M west African city that became a leading center of Muslim learning
8. Y D U A Y M A made their capital the city of Damascus
9. R T I M A E N S
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towers on a mosque
Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
7. Z I A - R L A Muslim chemist who wrote books for doctors that helped them identify diseases and developed a system for categorizing substances as animal, mineral, or vegetable
Name
Class
Date
VOCABULARY ACTIVITY 11-1
The Rise of Islam: Words to Know Directions: Write on the blanks the term or name from the box that matches each definition below. Bedouin Makkah
caravan oasis
Kaaba Quran
Madinah sheikh
1. a new name given to the town of Yathrib, meaning “city of the prophet” 2. a green area fed by underground water 3. a low square building in the middle of Makkah, containing a great stone 4. a group of traveling merchants and animals 5. the holy book of Islam 6. a desert herder who traveled from oasis to oasis 7. the largest town in Arabia and Muhammad’s birthplace 8. the head of an Arab tribe
SECTION 11-1
Directions: Many English words can be changed to be used in different ways in a sentence. The word instruct is a verb that means to teach. In the spaces below, fill in the noun and adjective forms of instruct that correctly complete the sentences. instruct, verb The Quran instructs Muslims about how they should live. instruction, noun instructive, adjective instructor, noun 9. The student asked the her research.
for help in completing
10. The boy’s parents were concerned about the lack of that their son was receiving at preschool. 11. The professor’s lecture was very
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.
Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Building Academic Vocabulary
Name
Class
Date
GUIDED READING ACTIVITY 11-1
The Rise of Islam Directions: Filling in the Blanks Reading the section and completing the sentences below will help you learn more about the growth of early Islam. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks. Most of the Arabian Peninsula is (1) water found only at (2)
, with . To survive in this environ-
ment, early Arabs organized into (3)
. Some Arabs
were desert herders. They moved from oasis to oasis and were called (4)
. Other Arabs lived in villages.
(5)
became the largest and richest of towns
because it was a crossroads for merchants and a religious site. A successful man named (6)
was visited by
an angel and given instructions to preach (7) meaning “surrendering to the will of (8)
, .” He
preached his message everywhere he went. He and his followers moved to the city Yathrib, which was later renamed (9)
,
meaning “the city of the prophet.” He created a(n) , a government that uses its power to uphold
(10)
A.D.
in
630. After Muhammad died, Islam continued to spread all over Arabia. The messages Muhammad said he received from Allah became the
(12)
, or holy book of Islam. This book instructs
Muslims how to live. Muslims are expected to fulfill the (13) follow the (14)
, or acts of worship. Muslims are also to
SECTION 11-1
Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Islam. He also built an army and conquered (11)
, customs based on Muhammad’s
words and deeds.
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Name
Class
Date
VOCABULARY ACTIVITY 11-2
Islamic Empires: Words to Know Building Academic Vocabulary Directions: Study the definition for the academic vocabulary below. Then complete the activity that follows. successor, noun, a person who succeeds, or follows, someone else in an office or position Directions: Fill in each blank below with the term or name that best completes the sentence. You will use the academic vocabulary word above and terms or names from the box below. Words may be used more than once. Abbasid Sufis
Akbar Suleiman I
caliph sultan
Moguls Sunnis
Shiites Umayyad
When Muhammad died, his followers chose his (1) This person was called a (2)
.
, which meant
to the messenger of God. The quarrel over who
(3)
should succeed Muhammad split the Muslim world into two groups. The believed that Ali, Muhammad’s son-in-law, should
(4)
dynasty had no
right to rule. The other group was the (6)
. They accepted the
dynasty. During this dynasty, Muslims spread Islam
(7)
by preaching. A group called (8)
spent their time praying
and teaching Islam. The dynasty that came after the Umayyads was the (9)
SECTION 11-2
Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
succeed him. They believed that the (5)
dynasty. They ruled for 500 years. In A.D. 1055, the Seljuk Turks took Baghdad. The Seljuk ruler was called (10)
. In the late 1200s,
another group of Turks known as the Ottomans built a new empire. Like the Seljuks, the Ottomans called their leader a (11) famous leader was (12) the 1500s the (13) Their greatest ruler was (14)
. Their most
who ruled in the 1500s. Also during created another Muslim empire in India. .
117
Name
Date
Class
GUIDED READING ACTIVITY 11-2
Islamic Empires Directions: Reading for Accuracy Reading the section and completing the activity below will help you learn more about the spread of Islam and the expansion of its empires. Use your textbook to decide if a statement is true or false. Write T or F in the blank, and if a statement is false, rewrite it correctly on the line. 1. Muhammad’s followers chose his successor, called a caliph. 2. The Rightly Guided Caliphs expanded their empire to include all of southwest Asia. 3. The next group of caliphs, the Umayyad, ruled from Madinah. 4. Muslims believed that anyone who died in battle for Islam would go to paradise. 5. Arabs required all of the people that they conquered to practice Islam. 6. Indonesia includes more Muslims than any other nation in the world.
SECTION 11-2
8. The Seljuks burned Baghdad to the ground and ended the Arab Empire. 9. The Ottoman empire allowed non-Muslims to practice their own religion if they paid a special tax. 10. The Mogul leader Akbar was very cruel and forced Hindus to become Muslims.
120
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7. The Sunnis believe that all caliphs should be descendents of Muhammad’s son-in-law, Ali.
Name
Date
Class
VOCABULARY ACTIVITY 11-3
Muslim Ways of Life: Words to Know Directions: The alphabetical list below contains the letters for spelling the terms that answer the questions below. Write the term that answers each question on the lines below and then cross out the letters that you used to spell the word. After you complete the questions, you will have used all but five letters. Rearrange the letters to spell the remaining vocabulary word. Print the word and its definition from the textbook in the blanks for question 4. bazaar
minaret
mosque
A A A A B C E E E I I M M N O Q R R R R S T U Z
1. What is the term for a Muslim house of worship? 2. What is the term for the marketplace in a Muslim city? 3. What term refers to the tower in a mosque? :
4.
Building Academic Vocabulary image, noun Example: Muslims are not allowed to show images of Muhammad in art.
5. What is an image? 6. Why do Muslims believe that showing images of Muhammad is a
SECTION 11-3
problem? 7. What do Muslims use instead of images in their art?
8. What does the word image mean in the following sentence? She behaved well in public because she was concerned about her image.
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Directions: Answer the following questions to learn more about the word image. You may use your textbook, a dictionary, or Internet resources to help you.
Name
Class
Date
GUIDED READING ACTIVITY 11-3
Muslim Ways of Life Directions: Outlining Reading the section and completing the outline below will help you learn more about the Muslim way of life. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks. were leading merchants in the Middle East and northern
I.
Africa until the late 1400s for many reasons. A. When their empires expanded, the
language spread.
B. Muslim rulers provided their merchants with
.
helped the leading Muslim cities grow.
II.
A. The cities included palaces and
, Muslim houses of worship.
B. Another important part of every Muslim city was the
, or
marketplace. III. Muslims made significant contributions in math, science, and the arts. A. Muslims invented
, a type of mathematics still taught in
schools today. B. Muslims perfected the Greek
, used to help sailors navigate
by studying the stars. C. Arab doctors discovered that
circulates to and from the
D. Muslims were famous for their beautiful buildings. 1. To provide protection, palaces were usually surrounded with . 2. The
in India is considered one of the world’s most
beautiful buildings. IV. Even though the empires no longer exist,
SECTION 11-3
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heart.
is still a major
world religion. A. About one out of every
persons in the world is Muslim.
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