Ancient Egypt Ms. McKinney FSMS 2010

Introduction

More than five thousand years ago, people living along the banks of the Nile River built a rich and powerful kingdom.

This kingdom, known as Ancient Egypt. Lasted thousands of years.

Gods and goddesses In ancient Egypt, people worshiped hundreds of gods and goddesses. They believed that their gods created the world and looked after it. Many Egyptian gods are shown with animal heads

Pharaoh

1369-1332 BC: Amenhotep IV - Akhenaten

The king of Egypt was called the Pharaoh. As the most powerful person in the whole country, he was in charge of all the land and all the people. People thought the Pharaoh was a living god. They came from all over Egypt to ask him to solve their problems and settle their arguments. On special occasions, the Pharaoh wore a crown and a false beard.

Ancient Egypt Profiles and Paintings

Profiles and Paintings Egyptian artists had to follow rigid rules about certain things. There is a code, or a set of rules for producing the artwork. The style is called frontalism. In reliefs or paintings, frontalism means that the head of the character is always drawn in profile.

Profiles and Paintings • In all Egyptian wall paintings, the eye faced out to the viewer. • Egyptians painted all body parts in the most easily and quickly recognizable position. • Although the face is drawn in profile, the eye is drawn from the front. • The upper body is seen from the front. • The legs are turned to the same side as the head, with one foot placed in front of the other. • Every figure, in paintings or sculptures, stands or sits with a formal, stiff, and rigid posture.

Profiles and Paintings

This is an Egyptian tomb painting depicting a group of men carrying things to be placed in the tomb. Egyptian tomb painting is narrative, it tells stories.

Cartouche • Indicates that the text enclosed is a royal name • Believed that you had to have your name written down somewhere, so that you would not disappear when you died. •By By attaching a cartouche to their sarcophagus, people made sure their name was written down in one place at least!

Egyptian Profiles

Most figures in Egyptian wall paintings who wear jewelry wear necklaces reflecting the society's worship of the sun. If taken off and laid flat, the beads and other decorations on these pieces radiate out from the central hole like rays of the sun.

Your project:

Egyptian SelfSelf-Portrait • Profile

Decoration in Egyptian dress was mostly in thecollar.

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The patterns used were made with either beads, jewels, embroidery or painted leather pieces.

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A favorite Egyptian motifs was the Lotus flower.

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The Egyptian artist had at his disposal six colors---red, red, colors--

yellow, blue, green, black and white. •

Student work by 5th graders at West Elementary School Jefferson City, Missouri

In much Egyptian art,

females were painted using an ocher (yellowish) color. Males were depicted in a reddish brown color.

Ancient Egypt Architecture and Sculpture

Architecture and Sculpture When the first Egyptian Pharaohs died, their mummies were placed inside pyramids, which were gigantic stone tombs with sloping sides. Some pyramids are still standing!

http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/news/history-archaeology-news/egypt-fossils-wcvin.html

Architecture and Sculpture

The Pharaohs were buried with magnificent treasures to take with them into the next world, but tomb robbers broke into many of the pyramids and stole the treasures!

Architecture and Sculpture A Sphinx is half man half lion. The role of a sphinx was to guard the temple or burial sites. Sphinxes are found all over the world not just in Ancient Egypt.

Architecture and Sculpture

•Obelisks Obelisks were prominent in the architecture of the ancient Egyptians, who placed them in pairs at the entrance of temples. •The The obelisk symbolized the sun god Ra, was said to be a petrified (turned into stone) ray of the sun • It was also thought that the god existed within the structure.

Ancient Egypt Mummies

The Mummy A mummy is a dead body that has been embalmed and wrapped in bandages to preserve it for thousands of years. The Egyptians believed that dead people went to live in another world, where the Ka, or spirit, would need a body to live in for all eternity. To keep dead bodies from rotting, the Egyptians made them into mummies.

The Mummy

The Canopic Jars had the heads of Horus, god of the sky, four sons.

•To To make a mummy the dead body was first washed in brine. •The The brain was pulled out through the nose! •They They put the insides (lungs, liver, stomach, and intestines) into four jars called Canopic jars. •The The purpose of a Canopic jar is function because it holds the organs of the mummy. •The The body was stuffed with sawdust or rags and herbs •They They rubbed the body with oil and wrapped it in bandages made of linen. •When When the mummy was place in its coffin, piles of salt were packed around the body to dry it out

Sarcophagus •Often Often gold masks covered the mummy’s face. •Some Some mummies were placed into sarcophagi, stone coffins, decorated with gold and precious gems. •These These sarcophagi looked like the person that was inside of them. •The The main purpose of a sarcophagus is functional because it is used to hold a body.