RFID: Technology analysis for the implementation in supply chains
Wireless Transceiver Modules: A Product Survey REPORT
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Mr. G. J. Loubser Final Year Undergraduate Project Wireless Sensor Networks and Embedded Systems Design of a perishable items monitoring system for supply chains 19 May 2006
Mr. G.J. Loubser, 19 May 2006
A SOUTH AFRICAN SENSOR NETWORK INITIATIVE Asset Management Team
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Wireless Transceiver Modules: A Product Survey
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ABBREVIATIONS
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INTRODUCTION
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Overview
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CLASSIFICATION
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3.1 Level I 3.1.1 Description 3.1.2 Available products
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3.2 Level II 3.2.1 Description 3.2.2 Available products
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3.3 Level III 3.3.1 Description 3.3.2 Available products
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3.4 Level IV 3.4.1 Description 3.4.2 Available products
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS
4.1 Level I 4.1.1 Analog Devices AD8346 0.8 GHz–2.5 GHz Quadrature Modulator 4.1.2 Analog Devices AD8347 0.8 GHz–2.7 GHz Direct Conversion Quadrature Demodulator
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4.2 Level II 4.2.1 Analog Devices ADF7020 High Performance ISM Band FSK/ASK Transceiver IC 4.2.2 XEMICS XE1202 433/870/915 Mhz Low-Power UHF Transceiver 4.2.3 RFM TR1001 868.35 MHz Hybrid Transceiver 4.2.4 Infineon Technologies TDA 5250 D2 ASK/FSK 868MHz Wireless Transceiver 4.2.5 Conexant RF109 2400 MHz Digital Spread Spectrum Transceiver 4.2.6 Nordic VLSI 2.4GHz nRF2401 Transceiver
4.4 Level IV 4.4.1 MaxStream 4.4.2 Telegesis 4.4.3 Cirronet 4.4.4 EAZIX 4.4.5 Crossbow 4.4.6 rfSolutions 4.4.7 LS Research
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5.1
PRODUCT ANALYSIS Overview
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Wireless Transceiver Modules: A Product Survey 5.2
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Design Approach
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REFERANCES
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Wireless Transceiver Modules: A Product Survey
1 ABBREVIATIONS IC VCO
Integrated Circuit Voltage Controlled Oscillator
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Wireless Transceiver Modules: A Product Survey
2 INTRODUCTION 2.1 Overview Various types of wireless transceivers exist on the market. These transceivers extend form only a transceiver logic and modulator IC (Integrated Circuit) to a fully functional module with patch antenna and ZigBee stack. Transceivers can be categorised in levels with respect to the functionality they hold. Is the following sections, various types of wireless transceivers modules or the components a module is briefly discussed. For a complete ZigBee compliant transceiver module the following components are required: • Air interface (antenna and amplifier) • Analog radio core, digital radio core • 802.15.4 physical layer protocol controller (microcontroller) • ZigBee stack (microcontroller)
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Wireless Transceiver Modules: A Product Survey
3 CLASSIFICATION The levels of functionality are defined as in the following sections.
3.1 Level I 3.1.1 Description All of the component’s subcomponents are discrete packages. The advantage of this configuration is that the specific functionality of each subcomponent can be optimized in the respect of the transceiver’s operational frequency range, the amount of required channels and modulation schemes. The disadvantage includes an increase of components which may lead to a decrease in the mean time before failure rate and an increase in implementation cost and power consumption. Experience with antenna design and interfacing is also required. 3.1.2 Available products The following products have been investigated: • Analog Devices AD8346 0.8 GHz–2.5 GHz Quadrature Modulator • Analog Devices AD8347 0.8 GHz–2.7 GHz Direct Conversion Quadrature Demodulator
3.2 Level II 3.2.1 Description The next level features the analog and digital radio cores in a single IC package. The advantage for this configuration is the reduction in overall components. An improvement in power consumption is achieved but at the expense of an application specific design. The disadvantage remains the requirement of experience with antenna design and interfacing. Most of the level 2 configurations require some extra external component such as a VCO (Voltage controlled oscillator). 3.2.2 Available products The following products have been investigated: • Analog Devices ADF7020 High Performance ISM Band FSK/ASK Transceiver IC • XEMICS XE1202 433/870/915 Mhz Low-Power UHF Transceiver • RFM TR1001 868.35 MHz Hybrid Transceiver • Infineon Technologies TDA 5250 D2 ASK/FSK 868MHz Wireless Transceiver • Conexant RF109 2400 MHz Digital Spread Spectrum Transceiver • Nordic VLSI 2.4GHz nRF2401 Transceiver
3.3 Level III 3.3.1 Description The most significant difference a level 3 or higher configuration has over the lower levels is an integrated antenna. Not all higher level configurations have this advantage but none of the lower levels do. An integrated antenna is advantageous since the antenna interface is optimized for the module and no additional design effort is required. A level 3 configuration includes the analog and digital radio cores, and an 802.15.4 complaint protocol controller.
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Wireless Transceiver Modules: A Product Survey 3.3.2 Available products The following products have been investigated: • Jennic JN5121-MOxxx IEEE802.15.4 Wireless Microcontroller Module Family • Helicomm IP-Link 1122-3033 915MHz Module • Helicomm IP-Link 1222-2033 2.4GHz Module
3.4 Level IV 3.4.1 Description The level 4 configuration has an implemented ZigBee Stack and protocol controller. Most of the level 4 modules is interfaced with an AT command set and includes and integrated antenna. 3.4.2 Available products The following products have been investigated: • MaxStream XBee™ • MaxStream XBee-PRO™ • Telegesis ETRX1 ZigBee™ Ember Module • Cirronet ZMN-2400 2.4GHz ZigBee™ Wireless Mesh Networking Module • Cirronet ZMN2400HP 2.4GHz High Power ZigBee™ Wireless Mesh Networking Module • EAZIX EZZBM01 - IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee) Module • Crossbow MICA2 OEM • Crossbow MICAz OEM • rfSolutions Pixie and Pixie Lite • LS Research FreeStar
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4 PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS This section describes the products that are available in the market and which have been considered in all four of the classified levels of functionality. The section also provides more details on each product.
4.1 Level I 4.1.1 Analog Devices AD8346 0.8 GHz–2.5 GHz Quadrature Modulator High Accuracy 1 Degree rms Quadrature Error @ 1.9 GHz 0.2 dB I/Q Amplitude Balance @ 1.9 GHz Broad Frequency Range: 0.8 GHz–2.5 GHz Sideband Suppression: –46 dBc @ 0.8 GHz Sideband Suppression: –36 dBc @ 1.9 GHz Modulation Bandwidth: DC–70 MHz 0 dBm Output Compression Level @ 0.8 GHz Noise Floor: –147 dBm/Hz Single 2.7 V–5.5 V Supply Quiescent Operating Current: 45 mA Standby Current: 1 uA 4.1.2 Analog Devices AD8347 0.8 GHz–2.7 GHz Direct Conversion Quadrature Demodulator Integrated RF and Baseband AGC Amplifiers Quadrature Phase Accuracy 1degrees Typ I/Q Amplitude Balance 0.3 dB Typ Third Order Intercept (IIP3) +11.5 dBm @ Min Gain Noise Figure 11 dB @ Max Gain AGC Range 69.5 dB Baseband Level Control Circuit Low LO Drive –8 dBm ADC Compatible I/Q Outputs Single Supply 2.7 V–5.5 V Power-Down Mode
4.2 Level II 4.2.1 Analog Devices ADF7020 High Performance ISM Band FSK/ASK Transceiver IC Modulations schemes supported: FSK/GFSK/ASK/OOK/GASK Low power, low IF transceiver Frequency bands: 433 MHz to 464 MHz 862 MHz to 928 MHz Data rates supported: 0.3 kbps to 200 kbps, FSK 0.3 kbps to 64 kbps, ASK 2.3 V to 3.6 V power supply Programmable output power: −16 dBm to +13 dBm in 0.3 dBm steps Receiver sensitivity: −117.5 dBm at 1 kbps, FSK −110.5 dBm at 9.6 kbps, FSK −106.5 dBm at 9.6 kbps, ASK Low power consumption: 19 mA in receive mode 22 mA in transmit mode (10 dBm output) On-chip VCO and fractional-N PLL On-chip 7-bit ADC and temperature sensor ±1 ppm RF output frequency accuracy possible from low cost 100 ppm crystal Digital RSSI Leakage current
