Presenter: Chris D’Acosta Mr. D’Acosta was born and raised in Fort Worth, Texas. He graduated with a BS Industrial Engineering from Texas Tech University. Mr. D’Acosta has worked in the oil & gas industry for over 30 years. His career began as a consultant for Andersen Consulting serving major international clients in US, Europe and Latin America. Mr. D’Acosta was then hired by Koch Industries in Wichita Kansas serving in various senior management positions including Operations Reengineering, Regulatory Compliance Auditing and Mergers, Acquisitions & Divestitures. He also ran the Global Logistics & Supply Chain operation for a whollyowned international petrochemical business. In 2012, Mr. D’Acosta joined Swift Fuels, LLC as CEO. Swift Fuels is a global leader in the development of unleaded aviation gasoline products. The company is committed to delivering next generation highperformance aviation gasoline to the piston-engine fleet, while striving for operational excellence in all areas of health, safety, quality and regulatory compliance. The company is located in the Purdue University Research Park in West Lafayette, Indiana.
Swift Fuels Briefing
Airport Commission Workshop Transition to Unleaded Aviation Gasoline January 26, 2015 Chris D’Acosta
Unleaded High-Performance Aviation Gasolines
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tTpGj7ZGL-M https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zmt0Zks1K9s http://www.wdsu.com/news/local-news/new-orleans/iteam-source-of-lead-contamination-found-flying-under-the-radar/29928388
http://vimeo.com/66586884
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j6USPtdQG4A https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dhWwPPJhG_8&list=UUOrQgpZTgC15mVVdccSUy6Q&feature=player_detailpage
US Demand for 100LL Avgas
US 100LL Avgas Sales (gallons / year) 450,000,000 400,000,000 350,000,000 300,000,000 250,000,000 200,000,000 150,000,000 100,000,000 50,000,000
1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
-
167,000+ Piston Aircraft
200+ Million Gallons/Yr Avgas
19,000+ FBO/Airports/HP’s
EPA lowered the NAAQS standard for lead from 1,500 ng/m3 (90-day average) to 150 ng/m3 in 2008, citing new evidence that serious health effects occur at much lower levels of lead in blood than previously Identified.
http://www.wdsu.com/news/local-news/new-orleans/iteam-source-of-lead-contamination-found-flying-under-the-radar/29928388
3
Aircraft Aircraft Demand for Avgas 1000 1203
754
656
Aircraft 1000 1203
3,383
Cost Efficient Performance: Firefighting 6,218 Police Patrol Crop Dusting Pipeline Surveys Pilot Training 9,850 Corporate Business Commercial Transport Alaska Couriers Others…
754
656
Cessna
3,383
Piper Cessna
6,218
Beech 31,136
31,136
Piper Beech
MooneyMooney
Cirrus Cirrus
9,850
Robinson Robinson Diamond
Diamond
Grumman
Grumman Bellanca 15,715
Bellanca
15,715
Over 75,000 US Commercial Aircraft Require > 102 Octane Fuel Consuming > 75% of All US Avgas 4
FAA’s Prior Industry Research Has Led to New Efforts: Creation of PAFI Swift Fuels
1970/90 CAA --
1993 DOT/FAA/CT-93/65
2004 DOT/FAA/AR-04/25
2008 DOT/FAA/AR-08/40
MTBE MMT TAME ETBE
ETBE Ethanol Toluene M-Toluidine MMT
ETBE Tert-Butyl-Benzene Toluene M-Toluidine
Between 1993 and 2008, research using 245 avgas fuel formulations was conducted by FAA Technical Center and Coordinating Research Council, however, “none of the fuels could satisfy all the performance requirements of 100LL.” Source: FAA UAT ARC Final Report Part I Body
5
FAA’s Prior Industry Research Has Led to New Efforts: Creation of PAFI
OXYGENATES
AMINES
AUTO GAS
RACE FUELS
JET FUEL
HYDROCARBONS
METALS
UL102
100LL 100/130 6
Challenges Using Auto Gas in Aviation ASTM D4814 – United States Auto Gas RVP Specifications
Generally, No Ethanol allowed in FAA certificated aircraft use… Caution: Motor Octane Number (MON) used in aviation engines is not R+M/2 (AKI) RVP in auto gas varies by state / area by month; FAA / OEM restrictions may apply Oxidation of autogas can cause severe gumming in storage / wet wings Non-standard distribution outside aviation standards of product control / liability
7
Swift Fuels: UL102 Avgas Solution
LEADED Avgas 100-Octane Meets ASTM D910 Specification
UNLEADED “All Hydrocarbon” Avgas 102+ Octane (MON) Meets ASTM D7719 Specification Improves Range up to 8-13% per gallon Pricing “On-Par” with 100LL Avgas
Transitioning from leaded avgas to UNLEADED is a global challenge Swift Fuels has a unique, viable and proprietary global solution 2009 FAA Tech Center Results - ‘Favorable’ 8
ASTM International Industry Assessment of UL102
ExxonMobil Shell Air BP Chevron Phillips 66 Others
Lycoming Continental Motor Rotax Pratt & Whitney Others
Cessna Piper Cirrus Beechcraft Robinson Others
SWRI Dixie Services Fuels Experts Others
Aviation Gasoline Subcommittee INDEPENDENT TESTING: FAA Tech Center Purdue University Lewis University Embry-Riddle University Clemson University Univ. of Dayton Research Inst. Baere Aerospace Lycoming Cirrus GAMI Dixie Services / Intertek Others
ASTM Research Report
FAA / Purdue Engine Tests Independent Flight Tests Environmental Toxicology
Material Compatibility Independent Laboratory Tests 4-years Analysis & Test Spec
ASTM Production Specification
The first unleaded, 100+ octane avgas production specification approved by ASTM Swift will also ballot 102AA fuel for test specification soon 9
Regulatory Environment
PAFI
EPA can set exhaust emissions standards under CAA section 231 – States are preempted under CAA
http://www.epa.gov/otaq/aviation.htm
http://www.faa.gov/about/initiatives/avgas/
FAA / Industry Sponsored PAFI Effort Underway 2014 - 2018 Transitioning to 102-Octane Unleaded Avgas 10
Piston Alternative Fuels Initiative (PAFI) 2014 - 2018 PAFI Structure
Funded by Congress Co-chaired by FAA and Industry Liaison In-Kind expertise and resources provided from US engine and airframe OEM’s Overseeing Phase-1 and Phase-2 Fuel Testing program
Broad Industry Participation
AOPA – Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association API – American Petroleum Institute EAA – Experimental Aircraft Association GAMA – General Aviation Manufacturers Association NATA – National Air Transportation Association NBAA – National Business Aircraft Association FAA – Federal Aviation Administration
11
PAFI - Fuel Selection for Phase-1 Test Of the 17 unleaded fuel formulations initially submitted to FAA in July 2014, only 4 were accepted for the Phase-1 PAFI testing program:
PHASE 1 https://www.faa.gov/news/press_releases/news_story.cfm?newsId=16975
12
Key Criteria for Evaluating Fuels PAFI - Fuel Evaluation Criteria vs. 100LL
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
WEIGHT
MATERIAL COMPATIBILITY
AVAILABILITY
COST
ANTI-DETONATION
ENERGY DENSITY
TOXICOLOGY
EMISSIONS
13
Swift Fuels Industry Collaborators Cross-Industry Testing, Mentors & Experts
14
The Transition to Unleaded Avgas is Underway Swift Fuels’ UL102 Fuel FAA Tech Center: Engine Detonation Testing FAA Tech Center: Engine Performance Testing FAA Tech Center: UL102 + 100LL Comingled Fuels Testing Lycoming Engine / Fuel Pump Inspection Embry Riddle University Inflight Cold-Soak Restart Test Approved ASTM Research Report – Part I 200+ Hours Experimental Flight Testing Beare Aerospace Material Compatibility Testing Univ. Dayton Research Institute Material Compatibility Testing Cirrus Aircraft Composites Material Compatibility Testing Clemson University Environmental & Toxicology Assessment Approved ASTM Research Report – Part II Approved ASTM Production Specification ASTM D7719 Issued Nov 2013 PAFI & OEM TC’s w/FAA Approvals Now In-Progress
15
Swift Fuels - Avgas Blending Facility Lafayette, Indiana
Fire-Safe Outdoor Blend Station with Mass Flow Meters 130,000 Gallons Unleaded Fuel Storage Capacity 6,000 sq. ft. office, fuel test center and warehouse onsite 24-hour surveillance and onsite security EPA, IDEM Permits and SPCC Plans on-file Top avgas distribution companies in close collaboration
16
Visit Our New Business Office Location Purdue Research Park
Swift Fuels, LLC 1435 Win Hentschel Boulevard, Suite 205 West Lafayette, IN 47906 (765) 237-3195 www.swiftfuels.com
17
