MOLTEN SALT CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY

Editors M. Chemla and D. Devilliers Editorial Assistant

M. Vogler Universite Pierre & Marie Curie - Laboratoire d'EIectrochimie 4, Place Jussieu - PARIS France

TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS Switzerland - Germany - UK - USA

3? CONTENTS

PART I : Fundamentals, Physical Chemistry, Thermodynamics

1

ABRAHAM M., ABRAHAM M.C., ZIOGAS 1 Thermodynamic properties of the surface phase from fused salts to water

3

AKDENIZ Z., TOSI M.P Complexes in polyvalent metal - alkali halides melts

11

AXLER K.M., DEPOORTER G.L Solubility studies of the Ca-CaO-CaCl2 system

19

COFFIELD J.E., ZINGG S.P., SIENERTH K.D., WILLIAMS S., LEE C , MAMANTOV G., SMITH G.P 25 Spectroscopic and electrochemical investigations of selected aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds in ambient temperature chloroaluminate melts DEKI S., YANOMARU T., KAJINAMI A., KANAJI Y Surface tension of alkali-metal acetate hydrated melts

33

EL GAMMAL T., LI X The effect of possible phase changes on the heat conduction of slags

37

ERDMANN R., WORMUTH R., SCHMUTZLER R.W Gold anions in alkali bromide melts : solubility and optical spectrum

45

FOLKMANN G.E., HATEM G., FEHRMANN R., GAUNE-ESCARD M., BJERRUM N.J. ...53 Investigations of complex formation and phase diagrams of molten salts related to the oxidized form of sulphuric acid catalysts GAUNE-ESCARD M., BOGACZ A., RYCERZ L., SZCZEPANIAK W Neodymium chloride and alkali chlorides mixtures : calorimetric investigation and modeling

61

HATEM G., GAUNE-ESCARD M., HOCH M BaF2"NaF-ZrF^ melts : experimental thermodynamics and modeling

71

IGARASHI K., TAJIRI K., ASAHINA T., KOSAKA M Structural study of molten CaCl2-KCl system

79

ITOH S Molecular dynamics simulation of molten mixture of lithium bromide and lithium iodide

85

IWADATE Y., HATTORI T., MOCH1NAGA J Structural analyses of B2O3-CS2O glasses

93

KAPTAY G Estimation of excess thermodynamic functions of aluminium monochloride dissolved in alkali chloride melts

101

KARASEVSKII A.I., KRIS R.E., PANOV E.V Microstructure of the metal-molten salt interface

109

KARYDIS D.A., ERIKSEN K.M., FEHRMANN R., PAPATHEODOROU G.N., BJERRUM N.J Catalytic activity and spectroscopic investigations of the M2S2O7/V2O5-SO2/O2/ SO 3 /N 2 system (M = Na, K and Cs)

115

MAEKAWA H., INAGAKI Y., SHIMOKAWA S., NAKAMURA Y., MAEKAWA T., YOKOKAWA T A high temperature NMR studies of oxide glasses and melts

123

MCLAUGHLIN D.F

131

Thermodynamic modeling of the 3(Zr,Hf)Cl^'2POClj distillable molten salt composition MIRNAYA T.A Structure of molten alkanoates : order and disorder aspects

143

MOCHINAGA J., IWADATE Y., FUKUSHIMA K Short range structures of several rare earth chloride melts

147

NAKAMURA T., YOKOYAMA K., NOGUCHI F., MUKAI K Direct observations of Marangoni convection in molten salts

153

NEWMAN D.S., TUMIDAJSKI P.J., BLANDER M Correlations between structure, spectra, and thermodynamics of transition metals dissolved in molten chloroaluminate solutions

159

OHNO H., IGAWA N., MAKITA T., IGARASHI K., KIKEGAWA T., SHIMOMURA 0 X-Ray diffraction analysis of molten AgCl under ultra high pressure

167

OKADA I., OKAZAKI S., HORINOUCHI H., MIYAMOTO Y The Chemla effect in molten (Li,Cs)Cl : electromigration and MD simulation

175

OYE H.A., JAGTOYEN M., OKSEFJELL T., WILKES J.S Vapour pressure and thermodynamics of the system l-methyl-3-ethyl-imidazolium chloride - aluminium chloride

183

PERRY G.S., WATSON R.F Thermodynamics of MgC^ in plutonium electrorefining

191

PICKLES C.A., FLENGAS S.N The thermodynamic properties of molten PbO-PbC^-PbS solutions

199

QIAO Z.Y., XING X.R Construction and thermodynamic analysis of molten salt phase diagrams of systems containing rare earth chlorides

217

SACCHETTO G.A., KODEJS Z Studies on the behaviour of hydrous melts : the non-aqueous (Ag,Tl)NO.j+DMSO liquid system from thermodynamic and volumetric measurements

227

SAWAGUCHI N., KAWAMURA K., YOKOKAWA T Effects of alkali halides on sodium borate melts by means of molecular dynamics simulations

237

TANIGUCHI H., TAKAHASHI E Viscosity and glass-transition temperature of some silicate melts under low and high pressures

245

TUMIDAJSKI P.J., BLANDER M Solubility of FeCl2 in molten NaCl-AlCl3 VOLKOV S.V., BANDUR V.A., BURYAK N.I Careful (partial) oxidation of methane gas on molten metal complexes

251 273

VON BARNER J.H., BERG R.W., BJERRUM N.J., CHRISTENSEN E., RASMUSSEN F Vibrational spectra of fluoro and oxofluoro complexes of Nb(V) and Ta(V)

279

VOYIATZIS G.A., CAROUNTJOS G.C., BOVIATSIS I.V Raman spectra of subvalent mercury species formed during electrolysis of HgC^ in melts

285

YOKOKAWA T., KAWAMURA K., DENZUMI S Pourbaix diagram of molten oxide mixture

291

ZSIGRAI I.J., MESZAROS-SZECSENYI K EMF studies of AgNO 3 -KNO 3 -NaNO 3 melts

295

PART II : Electrochemistry, Electrolytic processes

303

ARURAULT L., BOUTEILLON J., DE LEPINAY J., KHALIDI A., POIGNET J.C 305 Electrochemical properties of NbCl^ or ^ N b F y dissolved in NaCl-KCl equimolar mixture BARHOUN A., LANTELME F., DE ROY M.E., BESSE J.P Electroreduction of fluoniobate ^ N b F y in fused NaCl-KCl

313

BESSE J.P., DE ROY M.E Preparation of electrode materials by electrolytic reduction of molten salts

321

BOUTEILLON J., JAFARIAN M., MOHAMEDI M., POIGNET J.C Stability and electrochemical properties of mono and trivalent indium species in fused LiCl-KCl eutectic

327

CASSIR M., MOUTIERS G., MONEUSE C , DEVYNCK J., TREMILLON B Behaviour of oxygen reduced species in molten Na2CO3-K2CO3 eutectic at 750-800°C : correlation with the oxidative coupling of methane

333

CASTRILLEJO Y., FERRY D., GARCIA A., PARDO R., SANCHEZ-BATANERO P Chemical and electrochemical behaviour of tin ions in ZnC^-xNaCl molten salts

341

CHERRAT E., BENSLIMANE K., LANTELME F., CHEMLA M Fundamental study of electrodeposition of chromium in fused salts by pulse techniques

349

CLAES P., THIRION B., GLIBERT J Chemical and electrochemical behaviour of chromium containing ions in the molten Na 2 CO 3 -K 2 CO 3 (58/42 Mol%) eutectic mixture at 800°C

357

CLAES P., TILQUIN J.-Y., GLIBERT J Qualitative and quantitative electrochemical studies of multivalent elements in molten oxide glasses

365

DEVILLIERS D., GROULT H., KERREC O., CHEMLA M Impedance measurements in KF-2HF melts

373

DEVILLIERS D., TEISSEYRE B., GROULT H., CHEMLA M Production of fluorine with large amplitude AC signals in KF-2HF melts

381

DORIN R., FRAZER E.J Electrochemical determination of arsenic(III) in molten sodium hydroxide

387

ELIZAROVA I., POLYAKOV E., POLYAKOVA L Electrochemical behaviour of niobium in CsCl-KCl-NaCl-NbClj melt

393

GUANG-SEN C , OKI T., PACAUD B., TANAKA N Effects of oxide on anodic behaviours of graphite electrodes in fluoride molten salts

401

ITO Y., HIKINO S., EMA K Rotating ring disk electrode in molten chloride systems

409

KATAGIRI A An electrochemical study of tungsten species in an acidic zinc chloride - sodium chloride melt

415

KHALIDI A., TAXIL P., LAFAGE B., LAMAZE A.P Electrochemical reduction of niobium ions in molten NaCl-KCl

421

KUMAGAI N., KIKUCHI Y., TANNO K., LANTELME F., CHEMLA M Electrochemical investigation of diffusion of lithium in beta-LiAl alloy at room temperature

429

LEBEDEV V.A The conventional standard potential of alloys

435

LI G., FAN D Electrochemical reduction of molybdenum from KF-B20 3 -K2MoO^ molten salt system

443

LORTHIOIR G., SAILE A., BASILE F Continuous refining of niobium in molten salts

449

MAJA M., SPINELLI P., MORELLO G., SERRA E The auxiliary electrode for TiC^ electrolysis : design of anodes

457

MAJA M., PENAZZI N., GAIDO M., MARTANO M The auxiliary electrode for TiC^ electrolysis : the active porous mass

465

MATSUNAGA M., MIWA T., INOUE Y., HOSOKAWA K Electrodeposition of aluminum from AlCl3-MEIC-NaCl and AlCl3-MEIC-LiCl melts

473

MOSKVITIN V., SHCHAVELEV V., SHCHAVELEV V Summerized process in the electrolysis of cryolite-alumina melts

479

NAKAJIMA T., TOHMA M., KAWABATA Y Intercalation of fluorine into graphite in the KF-2HF melt

483

NEKRASOV V.N., BARBIN N.M., IVANOVSKY L.E Electrochemical behaviour of lithium oxide in equimolar NaCl-KCl at a glass carbon electrode

491

OMEL'CHUK A., ZARUBITSKY 0 Thin-layer melt electrolysis

499

PICARD G., BOCAGE P The niobium chemistry in molten LiCl-KCl eutectic

505

RATZER-SCHEIBE H.J Electrochemical experiments in molten sulphates for simulating hot corrosion of metallic high temperature materials

513

REDDY R.G., NARAYAN A.R Electrochemical studies and anode reaction mechanisms of Al-Li alloys and Li2O-LiFCaF 2 melts

521

RESTIVO T.A.G., PESSINE E.J Aspects of the liquid cerium electrodeposition in molten halide media

533

ROBIN A., DE ALMEIDA M.E., SARTORI A.F Formation of corrosion resistant niobium coatings by electrodeposition in fluoride melts

539

ROY J.J., GRANTHAM L.F., McCOY L.R., KRUEGER C.L., STORVICK T.S., INOUE T., MIYASHIRO H., TAKAHASHI N Standard potentials of lanthanide and actinide trichlorides in molten eutectic LiCl-KCl electrolyte

547

SADOWAY D.R Metallurgical electrochemistry : the interface between materials science and molten salt chemistry

555

SAMPATH S., NARAYAN R Electrochemical reduction of quinones from molten amides

561

SEQUEIRA C.A.C Electroanalytical study of the reduction of KWClg in molten LiCl-KCl eutectic

569

SHIBUYA A., UCHIDA J., YAMAMOTO Y., SETO H., TSUDA T Development of Al-Mn alloy electroplated steel sheet from molten salt

577

SIDORIN G., MOSKVITIN V The electrochemical processes at the interface of carbon electrode and metal in the baths for refining of aluminium

585

TAKAGI R., LI G Electrolysis Zr in the molten fluoride system under gamma-ray radiation field

591

TARANENKO V., SIENERTH K.D., SATO N., EDWARDS A.G., MAMANTOV G Studies of the electroreduction of tantalum and niobium in fluorochloroaluminate melts

595

TASAKA A., MIZUNO K., KAMATA A., NISHIMURA K Anodic behavior of nickel and nickel based alloy in a CsF-HF-NH^F system

603

TOJO T., HIRAIWA J., CHONG Y., WATANABE N Low polarization electrode impregnated with molten metal fluorides in fluorine cell

609

TOMCZYK P., BIENIASZ L., MORDARSKI G Kinetics of the oxygen electrode reactions at golden electrode in molten (Li/Na) carbonate eutectic

617

YANG C.C., FLENGAS S.N Electrochemical characteristics of calcia stabilized zirconia electrolyte in the molten alkali chloride-carbonate systems

625

ZHAO M., ZHANG Y., CHANG K., TANG D

637

Research on chemical metallurgy of Al-Li master alloy in molten salt ZUCA S., ENE N Electrorefining of titanium metal in molten alkali halide mixtures

643

PART III : Energy Storage, Corrosion, Properties of Molten Salts

651

BERCHIESI G Amide electrolyte molten systems : mixtures showing megavalue of the dielectric constant

653

DURAND B., ROUBIN M Molten salts reactions : a process for fine grained solids preparation

663

FILLIAUDEAU D., PICARD G Temperature dependence of the vapor pressures and electrochemical windows of the NH 4 HF 2 -HF mixtures

669

FUNG Y.S., CHAU S.M Investigation of the l-methyl-3-ethyl-imidazolium chloride-A1C13 melt for lithium battery application

677

FURUKAWA K., LECOCQ A., MITACHI K., KATO Y Global measure for energy and environmental problems by thorium molten-salt nuclear energy synergetics

685

GEANTET C , KERRIDGE D.H., DECAMP T., DURAND B., BREYSSE M Hydrotreating properties of M0S2 catalysts prepared from thiocyanate melts

693

GIWA CO Feasibility study of materials for a medium-temperature reserve cell concept

699

JANZ G.J High temperature calibration quality data : molten salts and metals

707

JANZ G.J Molten salts database for PC users : design and development

715

KODASH V., KISLY P., KREZHOVA N Molybdenum alumosilicides corrosion by molten salts

725

KOZUKA Z., ITOH M Preparations of ion-exchanged beta-alumina by employing molten salts and those applications to thermodynamic investigations

735

NEWMAN D.S., CHEN D., NANAYAKKARA V The solubilization and desulfurization of coal in low temperature chloroaluminate melts

741

OTA K., KIM B., YOSHITAKE H., KAM1YA N High temperature corrosion of nickel with molten alkali carbonate coating

749

OTERO E., PARDO A., HERNAEZ J., PEREZ F.J., LAGUNA M Influence of the environment in the corrosion kinetic of different superalloys at high temperature in eutectic melt 60% V2O5-40% Na2SO4

757

UCHIDA I., OHUCHI S., NISHINA T Effect of hydrogen sulfide on kinetics of hydrogen oxidation in molten alkali carbonate

765

UCHIDA I., YAMADA K., NISHINA T Studies on pressurized oxygen electrode reaction in molten alkali carbonate

773

WELCH B.J., CHEN J.J.J., ZHANG W.D., PURDIE J.M., TAYLOR M.P Gas driven electrolyte flow and its implications on the dynamics for aluminium smelter cells

.779