MISSOURI METH LABS FACT SHEET • •

Missouri has ranked first in the nation in the number of meth lab incidents since 2001. Since 2007, the highest concentration of meth lab incidents has been in the central United States.

Map includes Laboratories, Chemical/Equipment/Glassware seizures, and Dumpsites that have been received by the MSHP for entry into NSS as of 12/31/2007

1. Missouri – 1285 2. Indiana – 620 3. Tennessee – 559 4. Illinois – 360 5. Arkansas – 309 6. Kentucky – 278 7. California – 273 8. Michigan – 172 9. North carolina – 155 10. Mississippi – 152 Ohio - 152

1. Missouri – 1487 2. Indiana – 707 3. Tennessee – 553 4. Kentucky – 411 5. California – 386 6. Arkansas – 336 7. Michigan – 330 8. Illinois – 325 9. Alabama – 302 10. Mississippi - 286

Map includes Laboratories, Chemical/Equipment/Glassware seizures, and Dumpsites that have been received by the MSHP for entry into NSS as of 12/31/2008

2010 EPIC TOP TEN METHAMPHETAMINE INCIDENTS (THROUGH OCTOBER)

Map includes Laboratories, Chemical/Equipment/Glassware seizures, and Dumpsites that have been received by the MSHP for entry into NSS as of 12/31/2009

1. Missouri – 1774 2. Indiana – 1096 3. Kentucky – 583 4. Mississippi – 577 5. Michigan – 511 6. Tennessee – 500 7. Alabama – 492 8. Arkansas – 452 9. Illinois – 375 10. Oklahoma - 316

Map includes Laboratories, Chemical/Equipment/Glassware seizures, and Dumpsites that have been received by the MSHP for entry into NSS as of 10/31/2010

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1. Missouri – 1612 2. Tennessee ‐ 1084 3. Kentucky ‐ 863 4. Mississippi ‐ 673 5. Michigan ‐ 616 6. Indiana ‐ 595 7. Alabama – 567 8. Arkansas – 410 9. Illinois – 338 10. Florida ‐ 282 Updated: December 30, 2010

• • •

Pseudoephedrine is the key ingredient used to make meth. Pseudoephedrine is the only ingredient that cannot be substituted in the manufacture of meth. Prior to 1976, pseudoephedrine was available only by prescription. Missouri, along with other states, initially experienced a reduction in meth lab incidents and arrests after the passage of state and federal pseudoephedrine laws in 2005. Those laws limited the amount of pseudoephedrine that could be purchased per day (3.6 grams) and per month (9 grams), required that pseudoephedrine be placed behind the counter, and required that purchasers provide identification.

18,000

14,957

16,000 14,000

16,068

16,326

*12,282

12,541

12,000 10,000

6,721

8,000

8,611

* 8,889

2009

2010

6,757 5,512

6,000 4,000 2,000 0

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

* 2005 Combat Meth Act Enacted (Key provisions effective dates: Pseudo Limits 4/8/2006; Product Placement 9/30/2006) * Number through October

Map includes Laboratories, Chemical/Equipment/Glassware seizures, and Dumpsites that have been received by the MSHP for entry into NSS as of 10/31/2010

•

Since 2007, there has been a resurgence in meth lab incidents and arrests in Missouri.

Meth Arrests FY 2004-2010 3000

2743

4000

2860 2788

3602 3500

*

* 2252

2500

2130

3000

3150 2945 2602

2000

1774 1487

*

2500 2000

1284 1285

1500

1900 1624

1525

1500 1321

319

500

483

1755 1395

1274 968

988912

2007

2008

1000

614

2009

1493 1109

831

1000

2242

2077

1612

500 0

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2004

2010

Map includes Laboratories, Chemical/Equipment/Glassware seizures, and Dumpsites that have been received by the MSHP for entry into NSS as of 10/31/2010

2005

*

* 2005 Combat Meth Act Enacted (Key provisions effective dates: Pseudo Limits 4/8/2006; Product Placement 9/30/2006) * 2005 Missouri Legislation (Effective dates: Pseudo Limits 6/15/2005; Product Placement 6/15/2005) *Number through October

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2006

2009

Sale Year Total

957 1052

119 0

Poss

2010

Graph reflects numbers based only on Justice Assistance Grant funded Drug Task Force arrests.

•

• •

The increase in meth labs is attributed to meth cooks finding ways to get around the laws limiting pseudoephedrine purchases. The most common way is by “smurfing,” where groups of individuals enlist (and pay) others to purchase the legal limit of pseudoephedrine. Currently, pseudoephedrine resells for $50-$100 per box through smurfing. Recently, drug cartels have established large smurfing rings in the United States. They pay individuals to travel in vans from store to store purchasing the legal limit of pseudoephedrine. As of January 18, 2010, 26 jurisdictions in Missouri have passed ordinances requiring a prescription for pseudoephedrine, resulting in 122 pharmacies in those jurisdictions dispensing pseudoephedrine only by prescription. An additional 200 individual pharmacies have voluntarily chosen to require a prescription.

Butler County: Poplar Bluff passed, entire county

Wayne County: Piedmont

Cape Girardeau County: Jackson Cape Girardeau

Washington County: Potosi Stoddard County: Dexter

Dunklin County: Malden Kennett

St. Louis County: Eureka Pacific

Franklin County: Union New Haven Washington Gerald Sullivan Pacific

St. Francois County: Farmington

Howell County: Mountain View

Scott County: Sikeston Scott City

Jefferson County: Un-Incorporated Byrnes Mill

Ripley County: Entire county Doniphan

Madison County: Fredericktown New Madrid County: Portageville

* Text boxes are jurisdictions that have passed ordinances requiring a prescription for pseudoephedrine.

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Pemiscot County: Caruthersville

• •

Manufacturers have eliminated pseudoephedrine from many over-the-counter cold and allergy medications. Only fifteen name-brand OTC medications contain pseudoephedrine and no children's remedies contain pseudoephedrine. From January 2006 to December 2010, the Missouri Department of Social Services (DSS) substantiated 547 reports of children exposed to meth labs, involving a total of 987 children. Of those 987 children, 507 required placement in DSS custody. IMPACT ON CHILDREN METH EXPOSED CHILDREN CY 2006 - CY 2010 280

266

300

250

200

149

148

144

154

136

150

100

78

66

73

50

0

2006

2007

2008

Children placed in DSS custody because of meth exposure

*

• •

2009

2010

Children affected by substantiated reports of meth exposure

DSS began collecting data relating to meth-lab exposed children in August 2005

The total cost of providing custodial care to children exposed to meth labs in Missouri since August 2005, was approximately $3.4 million, based on the average child remaining in DSS care for 369 days at $18.35 per day. (Missouri Department of Social Services) From January 2008 to December 2010, 467 newborns in Missouri were identified as having been exposed to meth (119 in CY08, 163 in CY09, and 185 in CY10, according to Missouri Department of Social Services).

IMPACT ON CHILDREN METH-EXPOSED NEWBORNS CY 2008 – CY 2010 185 200

163

180 160

119

140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2008

2009

* 2010 is through November.

4

2010

• • • • •

Meth-related offenses account for approximately 31 percent of all drug convictions in Missouri and cost the state approximately $17.6 million per year for incarceration and supervision. Treatment for meth addicts accounts for approximately $8.3 million of the annual treatment budget for the Missouri Department of Mental Health. The annual cost to state and local agencies for meth lab cleanups is approximately $2.1 million. The two states that have passed laws requiring prescriptions for pseudoephedrine, Oregon and Mississippi, have experienced dramatic reductions in meth lab incidents. The Oregon prescription-only law became effective in July 2006, and resulted in a 95 percent reduction in meth lab incidents and 31 percent reduction in overall drug arrests.

PRESCRIPTION ONLY LAWS IN OTHER STATES OREGON METH LAB INCIDENTS 600

584

500

444

424 375

400

300

*141

200

*56

100

20

19

10

12

2007

2008

2009

2010

0

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

* 2005:  Oregon law requiring placement behind the counter, photo ID, and logging effective May 14, 2005. * Oregon prescription only law became effective 7/1/2006.

• •

Oregon drug treatment admissions for meth decreased by 20 percent as of 2010, despite relatively constant admissions for other drug addictions during the preceding five years. The Mississippi prescription-only law became effective July 2010, and resulted in a 65 percent reduction in meth lab incidents within the first six months. PRESCRIPTION ONLY LAWS IN OTHER STATES MISSISSIPPI METH LAB INCIDENTS CY 2010 139 140

116

120

102 100

82 80

71 60

60

*38

40

29 21

20

15

24 13

0 JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG 

SEP

OCT

*  Mississippi prescription only law became effective 7/1/2010.

5

NOV

DEC

• •

All pseudoephedrine is manufactured outside the United States and the importation of pseudoephedrine has nearly doubled since 2005 (2005: 382,000 kilograms; 2010: 650,000 kilograms). On September 28, 2010, Missouri implemented a database to track the sale of pseudoephedrine. The database is paid for by several pharmaceutical companies and is used as a tool by law enforcement to track purchases.

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