Milk & Milk Products, Definitions and standards as per FSSAI Regulation * Note: For Standards of Total Milk Products Please refer FSSAI Regulation- Chapter No: 2 Food Products Standards-clause No: 2.1(2.1.1- 2.1.14.).(www.fssai.gov.in) “Milk” is the normal mammary secretion derived from complete milking of healthy milch animal without either addition thereto or extraction there from unless otherwise provided in these Regulations. It shall be free from colostrums. Milk of different classes and of different designation shall conform to the standards laid down in the table below. Total urea content in the milk shall not be more than 700 ppm. The standards of different classes and designations of milk shall be as given in the table below. Milk shall conform to both the parameters for milk fat and milk solids not fat, independently as prescribed in columns (4) & (5) of the said table: Class of Milk

Designation

(1) Buffalo Milk

(2) Raw, Pasteurized, boiled, flavoured, sterilized

Buffalo Milk

Raw, Pasteurized, boiled, flavoured, sterilized

Locality

Mimimum Percent

Milk Fat (3) (4) Assam, Bihar, 6.0 Chandigarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Punjab, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal Andaman & 5.0 Nicobar, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Chhatisgarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Goa, Daman & Diu, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka,

Milk Solids not fat (5) 9.0

9.0

Cow Milk

Cow milk

Raw, Pasteurized, boiled, flavoured, sterilized Raw, boiled, pasteurized, flavoured & sterilized

kerala, Lakshadweep, Minicoy & AmindiveIsland, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Puducherry, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura Chandigarh, 4.0 Haryana, Punjab

Andaman 7 3.5 Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chattisgarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Delhi, Goa, Daman & Diu, Gujarat, himachl Pradesh, jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Minicoy & Adminidive Islands, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland,

8.5

85

Cow Milk

Goat or Sheep Milk

Goat or Sheep Milk

Puducherry, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand 7 West Bengal Raw, boiled, Mizoram, 30 pasteurized, Orissa flavoured & sterilized Raw, boiled, Chandigarh, 3.5 Pasteurized, Chhattisgarh, Flavoured & Haryana, kerala, Sterilized Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand Raw, boiled, Andaman & 3.0 pasteurized, Nicobar Islands, flavoured & Andhra Pradesh, sterilized Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Delhi, Goa, Daman 7 Diu, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Lakshadweep, Minicoy & Amindive Islands, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland,

8.5

9.0

9.0

Mixed Milk

Standardized Milk Recombined Milk Toned Milk Double Toned milk Skimmed Milk

Full Cream Milk

Raw, Pasteurised, boiled, flavoured & Sterilized Pasteurised, flavoured & Sterilized Pasteurised, flavoured & sterilized Pasteurised, flavoured & Sterilized Pasteurized, flavored & sterilized Raw, boiled, pasteurized, flavoured & sterilized Pasteurized & Sterilized

Orissa, uducherry, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamilnadu, Tripura, west Bengal All India 4.5

8.5

All India

4.5

8.5

All India

3.0

8.5

All India

3.0

8.5

All India

1.5

9.0

All India

Not more than 8.7 0.5%

All India

6.0

9.0

Note: (i) When milk is offered for sale without indication of the class, the standards prescribed for buffalo milk shall apply. (ii) The heat treatment for the various designated milk shall be as follows: Designation Raw Pasteurized Boiled Flavored Sterilized

Heat Treatment. Nil Pasteurization. Boiling. Pasteurization or sterilization. Sterilization.

Pasteurization- the terms” Pasteuristion”, “pasteurized” and similar terms shall be taken to refer to the process of heating every particle of milk of different classess to at least 63 Deg.C and holding at such temperature continuously for at least 30 minutes or heating it to at least 71.5

Deg.C and holdilng at such temperature continuously for at least 15 seconds or an approved temperature time combination that will seve to give a negative phosphatase Test. Sterilization: The term” Sterilization when used in association with milk, means heating milk in sealed container continuously to a temperature of either 115 Deg C for 15 minutes or at least 130 Deg c for a period of one second of more in a continuous flow and then packed under aseptic condition in hermatically sealed containers to ensure preservation at room temperature for a period not less than 15 days from the date of manufacture 1.

“Flavoured Milk” by whatever name called may contain nuts(whole fragmented or ground) chocolate, coffee or any other edible flavor, edible food colours and cane sugar. Flavoured milk shall be pasteurized, sterilized or boiled. The type of milk shall be mentioned on the label.

2.

“Full Cream Milk” means milk or a combination of buffalo or cow milk or a product prepared by combination of both that has been standardized to fat and solids-not-fat percentage, by adjustment/addition of milk solids, Full cream Milk shall be pasteurized. It shall show a negative phosphatase test. It shall be packed in clean, sound and sanitary containers properly sealed so as to prevent contamination.

3.

“Mixed milk” means a combination of milk of cow. Buffalo, sheep, goat or any other milch animal and may be a combination of any of these milk which has been made and conforms to the standards.

4.

“Milk Products” means the products obtained from milk such as cream, malai, curd, skimmed milk curd, chhanna, skimmed milk chhanna, cheese, unsweetened, condensed skimmed milk-sweetened and unsweetened, milk powder, skimmed milk powder, partly skimmed milk powder, khoa, infant milk food, table butter and desi butter. Milk Products shall not contain any substances not found in milk unless specified in the standards.

5.

“Recombined milk” means the homogenized product prepared from milk fat, non-fat milk solids and water. Recombined milk shall be pasteurized and shall show a negative phosphatase test.

6.

“Recombined milk” means the homogenized product prepared from milk fat, non-fatmilk solids and water. Recombined milk shall be pasteurized and shall show a negative phosphatase test.

7.

“Skimmed milk” means the product prepared from milk from which almost all the milk fat has been removed mechanically

8.

“Standardised milk” means cow milk or buffalo milk or sheep milk or goat milk or a combination of any of these milk that has been standardized to tfat and solds-not-fat percentage by the adjustment of milk solids.Standardised milk shall be pasteurized and shall show a negative Phosphatase test.

9.

“Toned milk” means the product prepared by admixture of cow or buffalo milk or both with fresh skimmed milk or by admixture of cow or buffalo milk or both that has been standardized to fat and solids-not-fat percentage by adjustment of milk solids. It shall be pasteurized and shall show a negative Phosphatase Test. When fat or dry no-fat-milk solids are used, it shall be ensured that the product remains homogenous and no deposition of solids takes place on standing.

Dairy Products and analogues 1. Cream: “Cream including sterilized cream” means the product of cow or buffalo milk or a combination thereof. It shall be free from starch and other ingredients foreign to milk It may be of following three categories namely:Low fat cream: Containing milk fat not less than 25 % by weight Medium fat cream: Containing milk fat not less than 40% by weight High fat cream: Containing milk ft not less than 60% by weight Note: Cream sold without any indication about milk fat content shall be treated as high fat cream. 2. Dahi or Curd: “Dahi or curd” means the product obtained from pasteurized or boiled milk by sourcing, natural or otherwise, by a harmless lactic acid culture or other harmless bacterial culture may also be used in conjunction with lactic acid bacteria cultures for sourcing. Dahi may contain added cane sugar. Dahi shall have the same minimum percentage of milk fat and milk solids not fat as the milk from which it is prepared. Where dahi or curd is sold or offered for sale without indication of class of milk, the standards prescribed for dahi prepared from buffalo milk shall apply. 3. Chhana or paneer: “Chhana or paneer” means the product obtained from the cow or buffalo milk or a combination thereof by precipitation with sour milk, lactic acid or citric acid. It shall not contain more than 705 moisture and the milk fat content shall not be less than 50% of the dry matter. Milk solids may also be used in preparation of this product. 4. Cheese: “Cheese” means the ripened or unripened soft or semi-hard, hard and extra hard product, which may be coated with food grade waxes or poly film and in which the whey protein/casein ratio does not exceed that of milk. Cheese is obtained by coagulating wholly or a partly milk and /or

products obtained from milk through the action of non-animal rennet or other suitable coagulating agents and by partially draining the whey resulting from such coagulation and or processing techniques involving coagulation of milk or products obtained from milk which gave a final product with similar physical, chemical and organoleptic characteristics.( For Standards of various Cheeses Please refer FSS Regulation- Food Products Standards-clause No : 2.16.) Dairy Based desserts/confections: 1. “Ice Cream”, “Kulfi”, “Chocolate Ice Cream” or “Softy ice Cream” means the product obtained by freezing a pasteurized mix prepared from milk and/ or other products derived from milk with or without the addition of nutritive sweetening agents, fruit and fruit products, eggs and egg products, coffee, cocoa, chocolate, condiments, spices, ginger and nuts and it may also contain bakery products such as cake or cookies as a separate layer and or coating. The said product may be frozen hard or frozen to soft consistency the said product shall have pleasant taste and smell free from off flavor and rancidity. The type of ice-cream shall be clearl indicated on the label otherwise standard for ice-cream shall apply. 2. “Dried Ice Cream Mix/Dried Frozen Dessert/Confection” means the product in a powder form which on addition of prescribed amount of water shall give a product conforming to the requirements of the respective products, namely- ice cream, medium fat ice-cream, low fat ice cream as prescribed under regulation 2.1.7 (1) & 2.1.7 (3). 3. “Frozen Dessert/Frozen Confection” means the product obtained by freezing a pasteurized mix prepared with milk fat ad or edible vegetable oils and fat having a melting point of not more than 37.0 degree C in combination and milk protein alone or in combination or vegetable protein products singly or in combination with the addition of nutritive sweetening agents eg. Sugar, dextrose, fructose, liquid glucose, dried liquid glucose, maltodextrin, high maltose, corn syrup, honey, fruit and fruit products, eggs and egg products, coffee, cocoa, chocolate, condiments, spices, ginger and nuts. The said product may also contain bakery products such as cake or cookies as a separate layer/or coating, it may be frozen hard or frozen to a soft consistency. It shall have pleasant taste and flavor free from off flavor and rancidity. 4. “Milk Ice of Milk Lolly” means the product obtained by freezing a pasteurized mix prepared from milk and or other products derived from milk with or without the addition of nutritive sweetening agents, fruit and fruit products, eggs and egg products, coffee, cocoa, chocolate, condiments, spices, ginger and nuts. The said product may also contain bakery products such as cake or cookies as a separate layer and or coating, the said product shall have pleasant taste and smell free from off flavor and rancidity.

Evaporated/condensed milk & milk products 1. Milk Powder “Milk Powder” means the product obtained by partial removal of water from milk of Cow and or Buffalo. The fat and/ or protein content of the milk may be adjusted 2. by addition and /or withdrawal of milk constituents in such a way as not to alter the whey protein of casein ratio of the milk being adjusted. It shall be of uniform colour and shall have pleasant taste and flavor free from off flavor and rancidity. It shall also be free from vegetable oil/fat, mineral oil, thickening agents, added flavor and sweetening agent. It may contain food additives permitted in these regulations. Butter, Ghee & Milk Fats 1. “Butter” means the fatty product derived exclusively from milk of Cow and /or Buffalo or its products principally in the form of an emulsion of the type water-in-oil. The product may be with or without added common salt and starter cultures of harmless lactic acid and or flavor producing bacteria. Table butter shall be obtained from pasteurized milk and or other milk products which have undergone adequate heat treatment to ensure microbial safety. It shall be free from animal, body fat, vegetable oil and fat, mineral oil and added flavor. It shall have pleasant taste and flavor free from off flavor and rancidity. It may contain food additives permitted in these regulations. 2. “Ghee” means the pure clarified fat derived solely from milk or curd or from desi(cooking) butter or from cream to which no colouring matter or preservative has been added. 3. “Milk fat/Butter oil and Anhydrous milk fat/Anhydrous Butter oil” means the fatty products derived exclusively from milk and or products obtained from milk by means of process which result in almost total removal of water and milk solids not fat. It shall have pleasant taste and flavor free from off odour and rancidity. It shall be free from vegetable oil/fat, animal body fat, mineral oil, added flavor and any other substances foreign to milk. It may contain food additives permitted in these regulations. Chakka and shrikhand 1. “Chakka” means a white to pale yellow semi-solid product of good texture and uniform consistency obtained by draining off the whey from the yoghurt obtained by the lactic fermentation of cow’s milk, buffalo’s milk, skimmed milk and recombined or standardized milk which has been subjected to minimum heat treatment equivalent to tha of pasteurization. It shall have pleasant yoghurt/Dahi like flavor. It shall not contain any ingredient foreign to milk. It shall be free from mouldness and free from signs of fat or water seepage or both. It shall be smooth and it shall not appear dry. It shall not contain extraneous colour and flavours.

2. “Shrikhand” means the product obtained from chakka or Skimmed Milk Chakk to which milk fat is added. It may contain fruits, nuts, sugar, cardamom, saffron and other spices. It shall not contain any added colouring and artificial flavouring substances. Fermented milk products 1. “Yoghurt” means a coagulated product obtained from pasteurized or boiled milk or concentrated milk, pasteurized skimmed milk and or pasteurized cream or mixture of two or more these products by lactic acid fermentation through the action of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. It may also contain cultures of Bifidobacterium bifidus and Lactobacillus acidophilus and other cultures of suitable lactic acid producing harmless bacteria and if added a declaration to this effect shall be made on the label. The micro-organisms in the final product must be viable and abundant. It may contain milk powder, skimmed milk powder, unfermented butter milk, concentrated whey, whey powder, whey protein whey protein concentrate, water soluble milk proteins, edible casein and caseinates manufactured from pasteurized products. It may also contain sugar, corn syrup or glucose syrup in sweetened, flavoured and fruit yoghurt or fruits in fruits yoghurt. It shall be free from vegetable oil/fat, animal body fat, mineral oil and any other substances foreign to milk. The product may contain food additives permitted in these regulations. Note: For Standards of Total Milk Products Please refer The Food Safety and Standards (Food Product Standards & Food Additive) Regulations, 2011 Part-I). Chapter No: 2 Food Products Standards-clause No: 2.1(2.1.1- 2.1.14.).

Approved Labs for imported Foods (fssai.gov.in) as on 14th August 2012 Click Here Food Testing Labs List (fssai.gov.in) as on 14th August 2012 Click Here Final Agencies (03-01-2012)

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Contaminants For Crop, Metal & Pesticides residue contaminants in milk & Products Click Here

Contaminants in Milk & Milk Products.

“Contaminant” means any substance, whether or not added to food, but which is present in such food as a result of the production (including operations carried out in crop husbandry, animal husbandry or veterinary medicine), manufacture, processing, preparation, treatment, packing, packaging, transport or holding of such food or as a result of environmental contamination and does not include insect fragments, rodent hairs and other extraneous matter. Additives: “Food additive” means any substance not normally consumed as a food by itself or used as a typical ingredient of the food, whether or not it has nutritive value, the intentional addition of which to food for a technological (including organoleptic) purpose in the manufacture, processing, preparation, treatment, packing, packaging, transport or holding of such food results, or may be reasonably expected to result (directly or indirectly), in it or its by-products becoming a component of or otherwise affecting the characteristics of such food but does not include “contaminants” or substances added to food for maintaining or improving nutritional qualities. Note: For Full Details Please refer The Food Safety and Standards (Food Product Standards & Food Additives Regulations, 2011 Part-II) .Annexure “A & B “ as given below: •

In Pasteurized milks additives are not permitted. In some products they are permitted. For list of Food Additives in Milk Product refer to table: 14 under Appendix “A”.

•

For Food Additives Individual variety cheeses refer Table: 15 under Appendix” A”

•

Micro Biological Standards For Microbiological Parameter for milk product refer Table: 2 under Appendix” B” For e.g.: For Pasteurized milk microbiological standards are as follows:

;

Total Plate count Coliform E.coli Salmonella Staph.aureus Listeria Monocytogenes

Not More than 30,000/g Less than 10/g Absent/g Absent/25g less than 10/g Absent/g