Metals, Non-Metals, Metalloids and the Periodic Table
Matter and Elements • Matter- anything that has mass and takes up space
• Element- a pure substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by physical or chemical means
Three Categories of Elements • Metals • Non-metals • Metalloids
Metals • Luster- shiny and reflective • Malleable- can be hammered or rolled into flat sheets or other shapes • Ductile- can be pulled out or drawn into long wires
• Good Conductors– Thermal Conductivity- the ability of an object to transfer heat – Electrical Conductivity- the ability of an object to carry electric current
• Reactive- how easily or quickly an element combines with other substances • Corrosive- the deterioration (break down) of a metal because of a chemical reaction in the environment • Most are solid at room temperature, except Mercury
Metal Examples • Some examples of metals and their atomic symbols: – Copper (Cu) – Gold (Au) – Sodium (Na)
− Mercury (Hg) − Potassium (K) − Silver (Ag)
Non-Metals • • • • •
Dull Not malleable/ ductile Poor conductors Reactive At room temperature, most are a solid or gas
Non-Metal Examples • Some examples of non-metals and their atomic symbols: – Oxygen (O) – Sulfur (S) – Neon (Ne)
− Helium (He) − Chlorine (Cl) − Nitrogen (N)
Metalloids • Have properties of both metals and nonmetals • Some are shiny, others dull • Some are malleable and ductile • Semi-Conductors- substances that can conduct electric current under some conditions but not under other conditions – They conduct heat and electricity better than nonmetals, but less than metals.
• Reactive
Metalloid Examples • Here are the metalloids and their atomic symbols: – Boron (B) – Silicon (Si) – Germanium (Ge) – Polonium (Po)
− Arsenic (As) − Antimony (Sb) − Tellurium (Te)
The Periodic Table H
He
Li
Be
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
Na
Mg
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
K
Ca
Sc
Ti
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
Rb
Sr
Y
Zr
Nb
Mo
Tc
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
Xe
Cs
Ba
La
Hf
Ta
W
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Ti
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Rn
Fr
Ra
Ac
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
Ds
Rg
The Periodic Table H
He
Li
Be
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
Na
Mg
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
K
Ca
Sc
Ti
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
Rb
Sr
Y
Zr
Nb
Mo
Tc
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
Xe
Cs
Ba
La
Hf
Ta
W
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Ti
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Rn
Fr
Ra
Ac
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
Ds
Rg
The Metals are represented in the Periodic Table in blue.
The Periodic Table H
He
Li
Be
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
Na
Mg
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
K
Ca
Sc
Ti
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
Rb
Sr
Y
Zr
Nb
Mo
Tc
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
Xe
Cs
Ba
La
Hf
Ta
W
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Ti
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Rn
Fr
Ra
Ac
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
Ds
Rg
The Non-Metals are represented in the Periodic Table in yellow.
The Periodic Table H
He
Li
Be
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
Na
Mg
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
K
Ca
Sc
Ti
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
Rb
Sr
Y
Zr
Nb
Mo
Tc
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
Xe
Cs
Ba
La
Hf
Ta
W
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Ti
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Rn
Fr
Ra
Ac
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
Ds
Rg
The Metalloids are represented in the Periodic Table in green.
The Periodic Table H
He
Li
Be
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
Na
Mg
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
K
Ca
Sc
Ti
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
Rb
Sr
Y
Zr
Nb
Mo
Tc
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
Xe
Cs
Ba
La
Hf
Ta
W
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Ti
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Rn
Fr
Ra
Ac
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
Ds
Rg
What do you notice about the way the element groups are arranged in the Periodic Table?
Elements are arranged on a chart called Periodic Table the ________________. 1
H
Atomic Number Element Symbol
Hydrogen
Element Name
1
Atomic Mass
The Periodic Table • A chart that organizes information about the elements • Dmitri Mendeleev classified the elements by their properties • He wrote the elements on cards with their properties • He arranged them according to their atomic masses in rows • 100 Greatest Discoveries#3
Organization • Each horizontal row is a period – As you move across a period the atomic numbers increase
• Each vertical column is called a group or a family – Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties or characteristics
