Memory of the World Register - Nomination Form Republic of Korea - Annals of the Choson Dynasty (Choson Wangjo Shillok)

Memory of the World Register - Nomination Form Republic of Korea - Annals of the Choson Dynasty (Choson Wangjo Shillok) Abstract This collection cover...
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Memory of the World Register - Nomination Form Republic of Korea - Annals of the Choson Dynasty (Choson Wangjo Shillok) Abstract This collection covers more than 470 years of the history of the dynasty, from the reign of King T'aejo (r. 1392- 1398), the founder, to the reign of King Ch'olchong (r. 1849 1863). Identity and Location Name of the Documentary Heritage: Choson Wangjo Shillok (Annals of the Choson Dynasty, National Treasure No. 151); Composed of four editions: i) Chongjoksan Sagobon (National Treasure No. 151-1), the edition deposited in the Chongjoksan Archives; ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon (National Treasure No. 151-2), the edition deposited in the T'aebaeksan Archives; iii) Odaesan Sagobon (National Treasure No. 151-3), the edition deposited in the Odaesan Archives; iv) and Sanyoppon (National Treasure No. 151-4), the edition compiled from volumes of uncertain provenance. * All the above are collectively designated National Treasure No. 151. Country: Republic of Korea State, Province or Region: i) Chongjoksan Sagobon, Odaesan Sagobon and Sanyoppon: Seoul ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: Pusan Address: i) Chongjoksan Sagobon, Odaesan Sagobon and Sanyoppon: San 56-1, Shillim 9-dong, Kwanak-ku, Seoul, 151-742 ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: San 126, Koje 2-dong, Yonsan-ku, Pusan, 611-072 Name of Institution: i) Chongjoksan Sagobon, Odaesan Sagobon and Sanyoppon: Kyujanggak Archives, Seoul National University ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: Pusan Branch Office of the Government Archives and Records Service (GARS), the Ministry of Government Administration Legal Information Owner: Office of Cultural Properties, the Ministry of Culture and Sports, 5-1, Chong-dong, Chung-ku, Seoul, 100-120 Telephone: 02-318-4700- Fax: 02-319-1130 Custodian: i) Chongjoksan Sagobon, Odaesan Sagobon and Sanyoppon: the President of Seoul National University ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: Director General of the Government Archives and Records Service (GARS), the Ministry of Government Administration

Contact details: i) Chongjoksan Sagobon, Odaesan Sagobon and Sanyoppon, San 56-1, Shillim 9-dong, Seoul, 151-742 - Telephone: 02-880-5114;- Fax: 02-880-5092 ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: 117, ChangSong-dong, Chongno-ku, Seoul, 110-034 Telephone: 02-720-4415 - Fax: 02-739-8914 Legal Status: Category of ownership: Government property Details of legal and administrative provisions for the preservation of the documentary heritage: Legal provisions: Cultural Properties Preservation Act Documentary cultural properties which are invaluable historically and artistically are protected by the cultural properties preservation laws in Korea. The Annals of the Choson Dynasty are designated National Treasure No. 151. Relevant particulars of the cultural properties preservation laws are as follows. i) Article 1 of the Cultural Property Preservation Act (Purpose): The purpose of this Act is to contribute to the cultural advancement of the nation as well as to the cultural improvement of all people by preserving and utilizing cultural properties. ii) Article 2 of the same act (Definition): "cultural property" means 1. tangible cultural property of high historical and artistic value or other corresponding archaeological materials iii) Article 4 of the same act (Designation of Treasures and National Treasures): The Minister of Culture and Sports may designate certain important tangible cultural properties as Treasures, after deliberation by the Cultural Properties Committee. The Minister of Culture and Sports may, after deliberation by the Cultural Properties Committee, designate as National Treasures certain Treasures which are rare and highly valuable from the human cultural point of view. iv) Article 25 of the same act (Administrative Order): The Minister of Culture and Sports may issue the following orders, when he deems it necessary for management and protection of a State-designated cultural property, an order prohibiting or restricting certain acts of the owner, holder, manager, or the managing body repairing, installing necessary facility, removing obstacles. v) Article 28 of the same act (Subsidies): The state may grant a subsidy to cover the whole or a part of the expenses necessary for the management of the State-designated property. vi) Article 40 of the same act (Report of Managerial Matters): The Minister of Culture and Sports may have the owner, holder, manager, or managing body of a State-designated cultural property report on the present shape, management, restoration, environmental preservation situation and other necessary matters. Administrative provisions: The Enforcement Decree of the Cultural Properties Protection Act prescribes the particulars necessary to enforce the Cultural Property Preservation Act.

Accessibility: The original works are not allowed to be displayed for public viewing, for their proper preservation. The Annals of the Choson Dynasty already have been transferred to microfilms and CD-ROMs for public viewing. Copyright status: This property does not fall under the definition of Item 1, Article 2 of Korea's Copyright Act. But creative materials or works of translation, alterations, dramatizations, or films made in accordance with the prescribed provisions in Article 5 and 6 of the Copyright Act are preserved as original works. Responsible administration: Name: Office of Cultural Properties, Ministry of Culture and Sports, The Govt. of Republic of Korea Aims: Conservation and management of cultural properties Principal Activities: - Designation, cancellation, protection and management of cultural properties - International exchange of cultural properties - Diffusion and enhancement of cultural properties - Protection and management of palaces - Maintenance of cultural properties - Excavation and research on conservation of cultural relics - Scientific research on conservation of cultural properties - Control of illegal acts in relation to cultural properties Divisions: - Cultural Properties Planning Officer - General Service Division - 1st Tangible Cultural Properties Division - 2nd Tangible Cultural Properties Division - Intangible Cultural Properties Division - Monument Division - Palaces Maintenance Division - Cultural Properties Maintenance Division Identification Description: The Annals of the Choson Dynasty cover more than 470 years of the history of the dynasty, from the reign of King T'aejo (r. 13921398), the founder, to the reign of King Ch'olchong (r. 1849~1863). With the kings as the central figures, the annals are daily records of the overall history and culture of the Choson Dynasty, covering politics, military affairs, the social system, law, economics, industry, transportation, communications, customary arts, crafts, religion, etc. The annals of a given king were definitively compiled only when his successor ordered it. The materials were collected from Sach'o, or Draft History, Shijonggi, or Daily Records, ungjongwon Ilgi, or Royal Secretariat Diary, Uijongbu Tungnok, or Documents of the State Council, Pibyonsa Tungnok, or Documents of the Border Defense Council, Ilsongnok, or Daily Court Records, etc. Of these, Draft History and Daily Records were the most important sources. The main authors of Draft History were two historiographers, two assistant historiographers and four censors. These writers always participated in every national conference and kept records of the actual details of national affairs under discussion between king and officials. Sometimes they made character sketches of persons who

had done good or evil deeds. The Daily Records were placed in the custody of the Office for Annals Compilation (Ch'unch'ugwan). Nobody was allowed to read Draft History and Daily Records except historiographers. Even the king was not excepted. Any historiographer who disclosed the contents of the annals was severely punished as a felon. The regulations and ordinances governing historiography were very strict. The annals were printed and then preserved in the historical archives under rigorous management. There are a total of 2,077 books in these four editions of the Annals of the Choson Dynasty, all of the highest value for history: i) 1,181 in the Chongjoksan Sagobon ii) 848 in the T'aebaeksan Sagobon iii) 27 in the Odaesan Sagobon iv) and 21 in the Sanyoppon. Details of inventory: refer to "Bibliographic/Registration Details" Bibliographic details: The title of the Annals of King T'aejo Kanghon the Great includes the king's posthumous name and his shrine name. But the title of other annals, like the Annals of King T'aejo or the Annals of King Sejong, usually include only the king's posthumous name. Below are listed, for the annals of each of the first 25 kings of the Choson dynasty, the title, the editions and other bibliographic information. 1. Annals of King T'aejo i) Chongjoksan Sagobon: 15 chapters in 13 books, compiled by Ha Yun et al., augmented by Chong In-Ji et al., manuscript, 1448, 54cm x 31.8cm. ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: 15 chapters in 3 books, reprinted edition with Sonjoshillokcha type, 1606, 43.2cm x 31cm. Historical records of the period of King T'aejo (r. 1392~1398) 2. Annals of King Chongjong: i) Chongjoksan Sagobon: 6 chapters in 4 books, compiled by the Office of Annals Compilation, headed by Yun Hoe, manuscript, 1426, 49.4cm x 27.4cm. ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: 6 chapters in 1 book, reprinted edition with Sonjoshillokcha type, 1606, 43cm x 31.2cm. Historical records of the period of King Chongjong (r. 1398~1400). The title page gives the title as the Annals of King Kongjong, but the title on the book cover is the Annals of King Chongjong the Great. The shrine name (, Myoho) was given posthumously. 3. Annals of King T'aejong i) Chongjoksan Sagobon: 36 chapters in 35 books, compiled by the Office of Annals Compilation headed by Hwang Hi and Maeng Sa-Song, manuscript, 1431 and 54.2cm x 32.6cm. ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: 36 chapters in 16 books, reprinted edition with onjoshillokcha type, 1606, 43.2cm x 31.2cm. iii) Sanyoppon: 2 books, manuscript, year printed unknown, 49.2cm x 27.6cm. Historical records of the period of King T'aejong (r. 1400~1418). 4. Annals of King Sejong i) Chongjoksan Sagobon: 163 chapters in 154 books, compiled by the Office of Annals Compilation headed by Hwang Po-In, Kim Chong-So and Chong In-Ji, printed edition in Urhaeja type, 1454, 55cm x 30.2cm.

ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: 163 chapters in 67 books, reprinted edition with Sonjoshillokcha type, 1606, 43cm x 31cm. iii) Sanyoppon: 2 books, printed edition with the Urhaeja type, year printed unknown, 54cm x 29.4cm. 2 books, manuscript, year printed unknown, 42.3cm x 30.1cm. Historical records of the period of King Sejong (r. 1418~1450): Basically the annals are in chronological format, but in the reign of King Sejong, ritual music (, Yoak) and many other new cultural institution were established. So separate sections (, Chi) such as the Five Ritual Ceremonies (, Orye), Musical Scores (, Akpo), Geography (, Chiriji) and Calculation of the Motion of Seven Celestial Determinants (, Ch'lchongsan) were annexed to this edition. 5. Annals of King Munjong i) Chongjoksan Sagobon: 13 chapters in 12 books, compiled by the Office of Annals Compilation headed by Chong In-Ji, printed edition with Urhaeja type, 1455, 54.6cm x 30.2cm. ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: 13 chapters in 6 books, printed edition with Sonjoshillokcha type, 1606, 43cm x 30.6cm. Historical records of the period of King Munjong (r. 1450~1452) 6. Annals of King Tanjong i) Chongjoksan Sagobon: 14 chapters in 14 books, compiled by the Office of Annals Compilation headed by Shin Suk-Chu, printed edition with Urhaeja type, 1469, 55.4cm x 29.7cm. ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: 14 chapters in 5 books, printed edition with Sonjoshillokcha type, 1606, 43.2cm x 31cm. iii) Appendix of the Annals of King Tanjong: 1 book, compiled by the Office of Annals Compilation, printed edition with Hyongjongshillokcha type, 1704, 40cm x 26.3cm. Historical records of the period of King Tanjong (r. 1452~1452). The title of the first chapter is the Diaries of Prince Nosan, but on the book cover is written Annals of King Tanjong the Great . This is because King Tanjong was dethroned by King Sejo and degraded to Prince Nosangun, but later was reinstated and given his posthumous honorific name and title. 7. Annals of King Sejo i) Chongjoksan Sagobon: 49 chapters in 42 books, compiled by the Office of Annals Compilation headed by Shin Suk-Chu, printed edition in Urhaeja type, 1471, 55.5cm x 29.8cm. ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: 49 chapters in 18 books, printed edition with Sonjoshillokcha type, 1606, 43.1cm x 30.9cm. iii) Sanyoppon: 1 book, printed edition with the Urhaeja type, year printed unknown, 55.2cm x 29.6cm. 1 book, printed edition with the Sonjoshillokcha type, year printed unknown, 42.5cm x 30.5cm. Historical records of the period of King Sejo (r. 1455~1468). Musical scores are recorded in the last two chapters (48 and 49). 8. Annals of King Yejong i) Chongjoksan Sagobon: 5 books, compiled by the Office of Annals Compilation headed by Shin Suk-Chu, printed edition in Urhaeja type, 1471, 55cm x 29.4cm. ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: 8 chapters in 3 books, printed edition with Sonjoshillokcha type, 1606, 43.2cm x 31cm.

iii) Sanyoppon: 1 book, printed edition with the Urhaeja type, year printed unknown, 55cm x 29.5cm. Historical records of the period of King Yejong (r. 1468~1469). 9. Annals of King Songjong i) Chongjoksan Sagobon: 149 books, compiled by the Office of Annals Compilation headed by Shin Sung-Son, printed edition in Kabinja type, 1499, 65cm x 34.6cm. ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: 297 chapters in 150 books, compiled by the Office of Annals Compilation, reprinted edition with Sonjoshillokcha type, 1606, 43.2cm x 30.1cm. iii) Sanyoppon: 1 book, printed edition with the Sonjoshillokcha type, year printed unknown, 42.9cm x 30.8cm; 1 book, printed edition with the Kabinja type, year printed unknown, 65.5cm x 34.3cm. Historical records of the period of King Songjong (r. 1469~1494). 10. Diaries of Prince Yonsan-gun i) Chongjoksan Sagobon: 63 chapters in 46 books, compiled by the Office of Diaries Compilation (, Ilgich'ong) headed by Kim Kam and Song Hui-An, printed edition with Kabinja type, 1509, 60.3cm x 35.7cm. ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: 63 chapters in 17 books, printed edition with Sonjoshillokcha type, 1606, 43.3cm x 31.2cm. iii) Sanyoppon: 2 books, printed edition with Kabinja type, 1509, 71.3cm x 34.7cm. Historical records of the period of Prince Yonsan-gun (r. 1494~1506). Yonsan-gun was dethroned and degraded and so the records of his reign were called not annals but diaries. yet these diaries follow the same system, contents and historical principles as the annals of other reigns. 11. Annals of King Chungjong i) Chongjoksan Sagobon: 105 chapters in 102 books, compiled by the Office of Annals Compilation headed by Yi Chi, printed edition with Kabinja type, 1550, 65.8cm x 35cm. ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: 105 chapters in 53 books, printed edition with Sonjoshillokcha type, 1606, 43.3cm x 31.3cm. iii) Odaesan Sagobon: 20 books, reprinted edition with Sonjoshillokcha type, 1606, 43.3cm x 31.3cm. iv) Sanyoppon: 1 book, printed edition with Sonjoshillokcha type, printed year unknown, 65.3cm x 34.5cm. Historical records of the period of King Chungjong (r. 1506~1544). 12. Annals of King Injong i) Chongjoksan Sagobon: 2 chapters in 2 books, compiled by the Office of Annals Compilation headed by Shim T'ong-Won, printed edition with Sonjoshillokcha type, 1550, 65.4cm x 35cm. ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: 2 chapters in 2 books, printed edition with Sonjoshillokcha type, 1606, 42.6cm x 31cm. Historical records of the period of King Injong (r. 1544~1545). 13. Annals of King Myongjong i) Chongjoksan Sagobon: 34 chapters in 34 books, compiled by the Office of Annals Compilation headed by Hong Som, printed edition in Kabinja type, 1571, 60.5cm x 36.5cm. ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: 34 chapters in 34 books, printed edition with Sonjoshillokcha type, 1606, 43cm x 30.4cm.

iii) Sanyoppon: 2 books, printed edition with Kabinja type, year printed unknown, 66cm x 35.8cm. 1 book, printed edition with Sonjoshillokcha type, year printed unknown, 42.7cm x 30.5cm. Historical records of the period of King Myongjong (r. 1545~1567). 14. Annals of King Sonjo i) Chongjoksan Sagobon: 221 chapters in 116 books, compiled by the Office of Annals Compilation headed by Yi Hang-Bok and Ki Cha-Hon, printed edition with Sonjoshillokcha type, 1616, 43cm x 31.4cm. ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: 221 chapters in 116 books, printed edition with Sonjoshillokcha type, 1616, 43cm x 31.4cm. ii) Odaesan Sagobon: 7 books, printed edition with Sonjoshillokcha type, 1616, 43cm x 31.4cm. iii) Sanyoppon: 1 book, printed edition with Sonjoshillokcha type, 1616, 42.6cm x 30.9cm. Historical records of the period of King Sonjo (r. 1567~1608). 15. Revised Annals of King Sonjo i) Chongjoksan Sagobon: 42 chapters in 8 books, compiled by the Office of Annals Compilation headed by Yi Shik and Kim Yuk, printed edition with Sonjoshillokcha type, 1657, 43cm x 31cm. ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: 42 chapters in 8 books, printed edition with Sonjoshillokcha type, 1657, 43cm x 31cm. Republished corrected contents of the Annals of King Sonjo. 16. Diaries of Prince Kwanghaegun i) Chongjoksan Sagobon: 187 chapters in 40 books, compiled by the Office of Diaries Compilation headed by Yun Pang, manuscript, 1624, 45cm x 31cm. ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: 187 chapters in 64 books, manuscript, 1624, 35cm x 26.7cm. Historical records of the period of the Prince Kwanghaegun (r. 1608~1623). Kwanghaegun was dethroned and degraded, so the records of his reign were called not annals but diaries. yet these diaries follow the same system, contents and historical principles as the annals of other reigns. 17. Annals of King Injo i) Chongjoksan Sagobon: 50 chapters in 50 books, compiled by the Office of Annals Compilation headed by Yi Kyong-Yo, printed edition with Injoshillokcha type, 1653, 54.9cm x 34cm. ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: 50 chapters in 50 books, printed edition with Injoshillokcha type, 1653, 54.9cm x 34cm. Historical records of the period of King Injo (r. 1623~1649). 18. Annals of King Hyojong i) Chongjoksan Sagobon: 21 chapters in 22 books, compiled by the Office of Annals Compilation headed by Yi Kyong-Sok, printed edition with Hyojongshillokcha type, 1661, 52cm x 32cm. ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: 21 chapters in 22 books, printed edition with Hyojongshillokcha type, 1661, 52cm x 32cm. Historical records of the period of King Hyojong (r. 1649~1659).

19. Annals of King Hyonjong i) Chongjoksan Sagobon: 22 chapters and an Appendix in 23 books, compiled by the Office of Annals Compilation headed by Ho Chok and Kwon Tae-Un, printed edition with Hyonjongshillokcha type, 1677, 51.4cm x 32.4cm. ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: 22 chapters and an Appendix in 23 books, printed edition with Hyonjongshillokcha type, 1677, 51.4cm x 32.4cm. Historical records of the period of King Hyonjong (r. 1659~1674). 20. Revised Annals of King Hyonjong i) Chongjoksan Sagobon: 28 chapters and an Appendix in 29 books, compiled by the Office of Annals Compilation headed by Kim Su-Hang, printed edition with Hyonjongshillokcha type, 1683, 51.2cm x 32cm. ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: 28 chapters and an Appendix in 29 books, printed edition with Hyonjongshillokcha type, 1683, 51.2cm x 32cm. Re-published corrected contents of the Annals of King Hyonjong. 21. Annals of King Sukchong i) Chongjoksan Sagobon: 65 chapters in 73 books, compiled by the Office of Annals Compilation headed by Kim Ch'ang-Chip, printed edition with Hyonjongshillokcha type, 1728, 48.8cm x 30.4cm. ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: 65 chapters in 73 books, printed edition with Hyonjongshillokcha type, 1728, 48.8cm x 30.4cm. Historical records of the period of King Sukchong (r. 1674~1720). 22. Annals of King Kyongjong i) Chongjoksan Sagobon: 15 chapters in 7 books, compiled by the Office of Annals Compilation headed by Yi Chip printed edition with Hyonjongshillokcha type, 1732, 49cm x 29.4cm. ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: 15 chapters in 7 books, printed edition with Hyonjongshillokcha type, 1732, 49cm x 29.4cm. Historical records of the period of King Kyongjong (r. 1720~1724). 23. Revised Annals of King Kyongjong i) Chongjoksan Sagobon: 5 chapters in 3 books, compiled by the Office of Annals Compilation headed by Chong Chon-Kyom, printed edition with Hyonjongshillokcha type, 1781, 49.7cm x 31cm. ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: 5 chapters in 3 books, printed edition with Hyonjongshillokcha type, 1781, 49.7cm x 31cm. Re-published corrected contents of the Annals of King Kyongjong. 24. Annals of King Yongjo i) Chongjoksan Sagobon: 127 chapters in 83 books, compiled by the Office of Annals Compilation headed by Kim Sang-Ch'ol, printed edition with Hyonjongshillokcha type, 1781, 50cm x 30.8cm. ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: 127 chapters in 83 books, printed edition with Hyonjongshillokcha type, 1781, 50cm x 30.8cm. Historical records of the period of King Yongjo (r. 1724~1776)

25. Annals of King Chongjo i) Chongjoksan Sagobon: 54 chapters, an Appendix and a Supplement in 56 books, compiled by the Office of Annals Compilation, headed by Yi Pyong-Mo, printed edition with Hyonjongshillokcha type, 1805, 51.4cm x 32.2cm. ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: 54 chapters, an Appendix and a Supplement in 56 books, printed edition with Hyonjongshillokcha type, 1805, 51.4cm x 32.2cm. Historical records of the period of King Chongjo (r. 1776~1800) 26. Annals of King Sunjo i) Chongjoksan Sagobon: 34 chapters, an Appendix and a Supplement in 36 books, compiled by the Office of Annals Compilation headed by Yi Sang-Hwang, printed edition with Hyonjongshillokcha type, 1838, 51.4cm x 32cm. ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: 34 chapters, an Appendix and a Supplement in 36 books, printed edition with Hyonjongshillokcha type, 1838, 51.4cm x 32cm. Historical records of the period of King Sunjo (r. 1800~1834). 27. Annals of King Hyonjong i) Chongjoksan Sagobon: 8 chapters and an Appendix in 9 books, compiled by the Office of Annals Compilation headed by Cho In-Yong, printed edition with Hyonjongshillokcha type, 1851, 51cm x 31.8cm. ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: 8 chapters and an Appendix in 9 books, printed edition with Hyonjongshillokcha type, 1851, 51cm x 31.8cm. Historical records of the period of King Hyonjong (r. 1834~1849). 28. Annals of King Ch'olchong i) Chongjoksan Sagobon: 15 chapters and an Appendix in 9 books, compiled by the Office of Annals Compilation headed by Chong Won-Yong, printed edition with Hyonjongshillokcha type, 1865, 50.8cm x 31.8cm. ii) T'aebaeksan Sagobon: 15 chapters and an Appendix in 9 books, compiled by the Office of Annals Compilation, printed edition with Hyonjongshillokcha type, 1865, 50.8cm x 31.8cm. Historical records of the period of King Ch'olchong (r. 1849~1863). Visual documentation: 20 photographs and 20 slides History: In the Choson dynasty, the concept of history as a mirror, or exemplar, for government naturally heightened the interest of the state in the compilation of histories. The tradition of preparing a history of each reign began with the Annals of King T'aejo, completed in 1413. This tradition was continued throughout the dynasty, giving us the basic record known collectively as the Annals of the Choson Dynasty, Choson Wangjo Shillok. These annals were drafted by historians in the Office for Annals Compilation. To ensure their safe transmission to posterity, copies were placed in historical archives in different parts of the country. In 1431, the royal government recognized the need to take special measures to preserve the annals and placed the Annals of King T'aejo, Annals of King Chongjong and Annals of King T'aejong in the archive of the Office for Annals Compilation for safekeeping. To further safeguard the annals, new archives were established in Songju and Chonju in June 1439 and additionally in Ch'ungju in November 1445, at which point four manuscript copies of each document were being preserved.

However, as a result of the Japanese invasion of 1592, the annals archived in the Office for Annals Compilation, Songju and Ch'ungju were destroyed by fire. Only the annals in the Chonju archives survived. From 1603 to 1606, after the Japanese invasion, the surviving annals in the Chonju archives were reprinted for the first 13 reigns of the dynasty, King T'aejo through King Myongjong. One copy of each was kept in each of four archives: the Office for Annals Compilation in Seoul Mt. Manisan on Kanghwa-do Island Mt. Myohyangsan in P'yongan-do Province Mt. T'aebaeksan in Kyonsang-do Province The annals stored in the archive of the Office for Annals Compilation in Seoul vanished at the time of the Yi Kwal insurrection but were later recovered. The annals in the Mt. Manisan archive were partly destroyed in the Qing invasion of 1636 but were restored in 1678. These annals were moved to a new archive on Mt. Chongjoksan, Kanghwa-do Island. The annals in the Mt. Myohyangsan archive were moved to Mt. Choksangsan in 1633 due to worsening relations with China. All the annals up to King Ch'olchong (r. 1849~1863) in the four sets in the Mt. Chongjoksan, Mt. T'aebaeksan, Mt. Odaesan and Mt. Choksangsan archives were safely handed down through the end of the dynasty. The Japanese, during their occupation of Korea, took away the annals preserved in the Mt. Odaesan archive to Tokyo University. This set vanished during the Tokyo earthquake of 1923. During the Korean War, the North Koreans moved the set of the annals preserved in the Mt. Choksangsan archive to Kim Il-Sung University. On December 24, 1984, in accordance with the Korean government's preservation policy, the 848 books of the T'aebaeksan Sagobon were moved to the Pusan Branch Office of the Government Archives and Records Service from the Kyujanggak Archives of Seoul National University, where the Chongjoksan Sagobon was preserved. Bibliography: List of Referenced Documents: Title Author Publisher, year Notes Annals of the Choson Dynasty (photocopy) - National History Compilation Committee, Seoul, 1955 Annals of King T'aejong, Annals of King Sejong and Annals of the Choson Dynasty, Vol. 1 Introduction Shin S k-Ho National History Compilation Committee, Seoul, 1955 Annals of King T'aejo the Great Bibliographical Introduction (Korean edition) Yi Pyong-Do King Sejong the Great Memorial Society, Seoul, 1972 Annals of King T'aejong Bibliographical Introduction (Korean edition) Shin S k-Ho King Sejong the Great Memorial Society, Seoul, 1974 -

Annals of King Sejong, Annals of King Songjong, Annals of King Injo, Administrative Code of the Choson Dynasty and Commentaries about Korean Historiographical Materials Shin S k-Ho Korean Historical Society, Seoul, 1964 Catalogue of Korean Editions in the Kyujanggak Archives, 2 vols. compiled by Seoul National University Library Seoul National University Library, Seoul, 1981 Catalogue of Korean Editions in the Kyujanggak Archives, 2 vols. (revised edition) compiled by Kyujanggak Archives in Seoul National University Pogyong Munhwasa, Seoul, 1994 index appended Bibliographical Introductions to the Korean Editions in Kyujanggak Collection, vols. I-V Compiled by Seoul National University Library Seoul National University Library, Seoul, 1979 Catalogue of Korean Editions in the Complete Kyujanggak Collection Compiled by Tonga Cultural Research Institute, the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences of Seoul National University Tonga Cultural Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 1965 Sequel to Bibliographical Introduction to the Korean Editions in Complete Kyujanggak Collection compiled by Kyujanggak Archives in Seoul National University Kyujanggak Archives in Seoul National University, Seoul, 1995 History

Part 2, index appended Index to the Bibliographical Introduction to the Korean Editions of the Kyujanggak Collection compiled by Seoul National University Library Seoul National University Library, Seoul, 1987 Compilation and Historiographers in the Choson Dynasty Shin S k-Ho Sach'ong 5, Seoul, 1960 The Preservation Status of Archives Since the Opening of Korea Yi Hyon-Jong Paeksan Hakpo 8, Seoul, 1970 The Management of Books in the Choson Dynasty Archives Pae Hyon-Su Kyujanggak 2, Seoul, 1978 The Relocations of the Annals ofthe Choson Dynasty Yi Sang-Un Tosogwan 33-4, Seoul, 1978 The Manner of Compiling the Annals of the Choson Dynasty and the Historical Recognition of Historiographers Ch'a Yong-Gol Han-guksaron 6, National History Compilation Committee, 1986 Research on Annals, Historiographers and Archives Ch'a Yong-Gol Report on a survey of archival sites, Seoul, 1986 Old Korean Printing Types Son Po-Gi Korea Library Research Society, Seoul, 1971 Styles and the BibliographicalResearch on the Printed Books of the Late Choson Dynasty Paek Lin Studies of Korean History 3, Seoul, 1969 Management Plan Statement of significance: Annals of the Choson Dynasty, designated National Treasure No. 151, is an invaluable cultural property. Refer to "Assessment against the Selection Criteria" Conservation of original material: Annals of the Choson Dynasty is designated National Treasure No. 151 for its strict preservation. The Minister of Culture and Sports shall keep a record of this State-designated cultural property in accordance with Article 19 of the same act. The Minister of Culture and sports may have the owner, holder, manager, or managing body of this State-designated cultural property report on the present shape, management, repairs, environmental preservation situation and other necessary matters in accordance with Article 40 of the same act. The owner or the managing body of a State-designated cultural property may request the Minister of Culture and Sports for

technical guidance with respect to the management or repairs of the cultural property concerned. Reformatting: The Annals of the Choson Dynasty were written in classical Chinese, which only scholars can read today. Therefore the government and other concerned organizations have translated them into Korean, a huge task that took many years and has just been completed. To provide easy public access to the annals themselves and to information about them, the Ministry of Culture and Sports has prepared CD-ROMs, photocopies, photographs and various publications. Access policy and preservation procedures: For the preservation of this original edition, public showing is not allowed. A person who intends to try copying, photographing and other activities which may affect this documentary cultural property shall obtain the permission of the Minister of Culture and Sports in accordance with Article 20 of the Cultural Properties Protection Act. Application for Access: Institutions are required to submit official notes to gain access. individuals are required to submit application forms. Disaster prevention and recovery plans: - Prevention of disasters - Installation of temperature and humidity control system, heat sensor and fire alarm system and automatic halon extinguishing system - Protection of documentary cultural property in case of emergency: If it is considered necessary for the protection of documentary cultural property in time of war, armed conflict or similar emergency, the Minister of Culture and Sports may take necessary measures including moving it to a safe place, etc., in accordance with Article 71 of the Cultural Properties Protection Act. - Recovery plans - A training program to qualify specialists to produce and maintain microfilm and photocopies and to restore the original edition in accordance with Article 18 of the Cultural Property Preservation Act and article 7 of the Enforcement Decree of the Cultural Properties Protection Act i) Kyujanggak Archives of Seoul National University Preservation and managerial policies to control the physical environment: - Air quality of the depository: An automatic air conditioning system in the central control room maintains the optimum condition of fresh air. - Temperature of the depository: maintains a constant temperature of 202 - Humidity of the depository: maintains the constant relative humidity of 5010% - Lighting of the depository: The depository is located underground and so sunlight is blocked thoroughly. - Shelving and storage: The books are stored on bookshelves of paulownia wood, which is the most adequate material to preserve Korean rice paper. - Security of the depository: thorough security system with steel doors with double-lock devices and installation of anti-theft su ersonic detectors and CCTVs watched by fulltime security guards - Building maintenance: The building is maintained in an always clean and stable state. It is equipped with a temperature and humidity control system, a heat sensor and fire alarm system and an automatic halon-gas fire extinguishing system.

- Qualified staff members control maintenance with great care. Preservation treatments: - Access to professional conservation expertise: Training program to qualify specialists to preserve and restore the original material in accordance with Article 18 of the Cultural Property Preservation Act and Article 7 of the Enforcement Decree of the Cultural Properties Protection Act - Research activities: R&D on document conservation technologies Conservation facilities: fumigating machine Preservation staff: 22 - Qualification: BA or MA in the fields of History or Library Science - Opportunities for training: more than one term of training per year on occasion ii) The Pusan Branch Office of the GARS: Preservation and managerial policies to control the physical environment: - Air quality of the depository: An automatic air conditioning system in the central control room maintains the optimum condition of fresh air. - Temperature of the depository: A constant temperature of 202 is maintained. - Humidity of the depository: A constant relative humidity of 5010% is maintained - Lighting of the depository: The depository is located underground and so sunlight is off thoroughly blocked. - Shelving and storage: The books are stored on bookshelves of paulownia wood, which is the most adequate material to preserve Korean rice paper. - Security of the depository: The security system has steel doors with double-lock devices and anti-theft supersonic detectors and CCTVs watched by full-time security guards - Building maintenance: The building is maintained in an always clean and stable state. It is equipped with a temperature and humidity control system, a heat sensor and fire alarm system and an automatic halon-gas fire extinguishing system. - Qualified staff members control maintenance with great care. Preservation treatments: - Access to professional conservation expertise: training program to qualify specialists to preserve and restore the original material in accordance with Article 18 of the Cultural Property Preservation Act and Article 7 of the Enforcement Decree of the Cultural Properties Protection Act - Research activities: R&D on document conservation technologies - Conservation facilities: fumigating machine - Preservation staff: 15 full-time staff members - Qualifications: librarians and skilled public officials - Opportunities for training: more than one term of training per year on occasion Assessment against the Selection Criteria People: These annals record historical facts about 25 kings over 472 years, including, of course, historical facts about their officials and their other subjects. Many of these facts are of relevance not only to Korean but to world history. Three of these kings were outstanding: King T'aejo, who founded the dynasty after overcoming the Koryo dynasty, King Sejong the Great, who invented the Korean alphabet, hang-gul and devoted himself to the development of science and King Chongjo, who established the Kyujanggak for the resurrection of literature and arts.

The contributions of other personages to the spread of culture in Korea and the world were also recorded in detail. Subject/Theme: The Annals of the Choson Dynasty record the history of the Choson dynasty for 472 years, from the 1st king, T'aejo, to the 25th, Ch'olchong. This long history was recorded day by day, without missing a single one. The annals record daily reports to the king, the king's commands and every matter dealt with in the public offices. Today, the Annals of the Choson Dynasty are the basic source materials for the study of the history and culture of the dynasty. The Annals of the Choson Dynasty record all the contents of Korean policy, culture and technology as well as Korea's diplomatic relations with China and Japan. Examples of the topics covered are trade with China, disputes with Japan and the donation of the Tripitaka Koreana consisting of 80,000 woodblocks (Koryo P'alman Taejanggyong ) to Japan. Therefore these annals are precious historical materials which know no borders. Form and style: The Annals of the Choson Dynasty at first were in manuscript form, then printed with movable bronze type and wooden type. The annals for the first three reigns, those of Kings T'aejo, Chongjo and T'aejong, were in manuscript form in excellent calligraphy. Their system, contents and binding seem to be of the highest quality. During the reigns of King Sejong through King Ch'olchong, the annals were printed with movable bronze and wooden type. Most movable-type printing in those centuries used the best quality paper, fonts, bindings, etc. Every one of the annals is a model of the Korean culture and technology of its time. Table 2 lists the important movable types used in printing the annals. Name Material Date of Production Kabinja bronze 1434 Urhaeja bronze 1455 Sonjoshillokcha wood ca. 15931603 Hullyondogamja wood ca. 15931603 Hyojongshillokcha bronze before 1661 Hyonjongshillokcha bronze ca. 1677 Social value: The Annals of the Choson Dynasty are among the most detailed and comprehensive historical records in the world. In view of their great importance to our people, every bit of wisdom and ingenuity has been devoted to protecting these magnificent annals from war and disaster. The most learned scholars and all necessary funds were mobilized for the compilation of the annals. Even when the national finances were in difficulty, compilation continued. Convinced of their utmost importance, we have completed the translation of the annals from classical Chinese into Korean and recorded them in digital form. Contextual assessment: These annals are greatly superior to any of the Chinese annals such as those of the Ming dynasty in scope, in detail and in every other respect. These Choson annals are considered to be the most extensive collection of historical documentary records in the world. Authenticity:The Annals of the Choson Dynasty were preserved with copies in several separate archives. The presently remaining editions of the annals are Chongjoksan Sagobon, T'aebaeksan Sagobon, Odaesan Sagobon and Sanyoppon, . It is for these

that we are seeking world registration. There can be no doubt that the Annals of the Choson Dynasty are a unique documentary heritage deserving world cultural preservation. Consultation Owner: Refer to "Legal information" - "Responsible administration" Custodian: Refer to "Legal information" - "Custodian" Independent institutions and experts: Name: Cultural Properties Committee - The Cultural Properties Committee is established in the Ministry of Culture and Sports to advise the ministry on research and deliberate on matters concerning the preservation, management and utilization of cultural properties in accordance with Article 3 of the Cultural Property Preservation Act. Qualification: The Ministry of Culture and Sports shall appoint as members of this committee the leading authorities of the day on this subject by the recommendation of the director of the Office of Cultural Properties. The Cultural Properties Committee shall comprise up to 50 persons. Contact details: Refer to "Responsible Administration". Nominator Name: KIM, YOUNG-SOO, Minister of Culture & Sports Relationship: Overall administrative management of this documentary cultural property Contact person: CHUNG, KI-YOUNG, Director of the Office of Cultural Properties Contact details: Refer to 2.4 Responsible administration Assessment of Risk Nature and scope of threats to the documentary heritage: The Annals of the Choson Dynasty are preserved in the most secure way as National Treasure No. 151. Environmental conditions: The temperature, humidity, lighting and air quality provide the optimum conditions for the preservation of this documentary cultural property. Kyujanggak Item Preservation State Air quality maintenance automatic air conditioning system Temperature 1822 Humidity 4060% Lighting stored underground to block sunlight Control of maintenance Qualified staff members control maintenance with great care. The Pusan Branch Office of the GARS Item Preservation State Air quality maintenance automatic air conditioning system Temperature 1822 Humidity 4060% Lighting special fluorescent lighting Control of maintenance Qualified staff members control maintenance with great care.

Physical conditions: - With up-to-date security and preservation systems, the building is operated under optimum maintenance. - Refer to the present physical state in "An assessment of preservation the documentary heritage". Prohibition of any random changes to the current condition: - The prohibition of public access and restricted use of the documentary heritage will prevent any threat to its current condition. Preservation Assessment The authorities concerned are seeking further measures for more advanced scientific preservative methods. Present physical state: The present physical state of the documentary cultural property is good. Kyujanggak Archives Item State Shelves paulownia wood shelves Security anti-theft CCTVs, fire detecting and suppressing system Fire detector and suppress system heat sensors and fire alarms, automatic halon-gas fire extinguishers Building maintenance always maintained in a clean state The Pusan Branch Office of the GARS Item State Shelves iron-framed shelves Storage containers paulownia wood boxes Security anti-theft CCTVs, fire detecting and suppressing system Fire detector and suppress system heat sensors and fire alarms, automatic halon-gas fire extinguishers Building maintenance always maintained in a clean state Chronology of the preservation: - Dec. 31, 1973: collectively designated National Treasure No. 151 - Dec. 24, 1984: in accordance with the Korean government's preservation policy, the 848 books of T'aebaeksan Sagobon moved to the Pusan Branch Office of the GARS from the Kyujanggak Archives Current preservation policies in relation to nomination of this documentary cultural property: Various laws are enforced for its systematic preservation. Refer to "Management plan" Person or organization responsible for preservation: - Office of Cultural Properties, Ministry of Cultural and Sports, Republic of Korea - Contact details: Refer to "Responsible administration"

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