Mega Reclamations Opportunities and Challenges

Mega Reclamations Opportunities and Challenges By: Jan Schaart Van Oord Dredging & Marine Contractors CEDA Conference on Dredging and Reclamation 6t...
Author: Guest
0 downloads 0 Views 850KB Size
Mega Reclamations Opportunities and Challenges

By: Jan Schaart Van Oord Dredging & Marine Contractors

CEDA Conference on Dredging and Reclamation 6th-7th May 2008 Doha Exhibition Centre, Doha, Qatar

Subjects



Reclamation records



Developments



Where will we live in 2050?



Reclamation pays



Conclusions

1. Reclamation records

Reclamation records • First in countries: – with a high population density – with a strong economic growth – where coastal land was scarce – where reclamation was technically feasible – with long term ‘vision’ • Examples: The Netherlands, Singapore, Hong Kong, Japan, USA and recently Dubai

Reclamation records, the Netherlands • More than 10 centuries of sea defence history • At first reclamations for flood protection and flood control • Since 17th century the construction of Polders • In recent history reclamation with the use of marine fill • Reclamation for agriculture, housing, industry and infrastructure 2

• A total of 2270 km added (7% of total land area) • Extension Port of Rotterdam, Maasvlakte 2, will add another 10 2

km

If there were no sea defences

Reclamation records, Singapore • Started in 1965 and never stopped • For (air)ports, housing, industry and recreation 2

• Total 97 km (18% of total land area) • First landfill, later marine • In total 2 billion m

3

3

• Still 1.0 billion m marine fill to go • Most famous projects Changi, Jurong, TUAS

Singapore land reclamations

Reclamation records, Hong Kong • Demand for space for housing, industry and infrastructure 2

• Total 60 km (6% of total land area) added • Before 1980, landfill • Later marine fill • Most famous CT 8 and 9, Penny’s Bay and Chek Lap Kok airport

Reclamation records, Dubai • Development of a sustainable economy • Based on vision of Ruler Sheik Mohammed of Dubai • Major land reclamations started in 2001 (first Palm Jumeirah) • Space for housing, industry and infrastructure and leisure • Reclamation at a unprecedented scale and speed • A total of 27 km2 has been added already • An additional 65 km2 will be reclaimed (current projects) • New mega developments on drawing board

Reclamations in Dubai

Van Oord projects

• Palm Jumeirah

• Port Rashid

• Logo Islands

• Palm Deira

• The World

• Deira Islands

• Dubai Beaches

• Rock transport

Palm Jumeirah Sand volume:

110 mln. m3

Start:

late 2001

Completed:

late 2004

The World

Total area Island size Sand volume Rock volume Length breakwater

Area : 9 X 7 km Sand volume : 1.6 – 5.4 ha Rock volume : 325 mln. m3 Start : 32 mln.Completed tons : 25 kms

: 7 x 9 km : 325 mln. m3 : 32 mln. tons : Sept. 2003 : End 2007

Dubai Maritime City – Port Rashid

2 km2 island for marine industry Sand: 32,5 mln. m3 Start: April 2003 Completed: Nov. 2006

Palm Deira, the largest ever Sand volume Afmeting Oppervlakte Rock volume Zandvolume Area Steenvolume Start Projectduur Completion Waarde

: 8 :1200 X 13mln kmm3 : 25:150 km2 mln tons : 700 mln. m3 :9x 13 kms : 110 mln. ton : 2006 : 8: jaar 2014 : 2.5 miljard €

2. Developments of the world dredging market

World dredging market in 2007



World dredging market ± 12 billion Euro



Including dredging market related activities



Only 65% of world market is ‘open’



Market share Van Oord 20% (of open market)

Dredging market ‘drivers’

Demography Demography Energy Energy Tourism Tourism Demand Demand for for maritime maritime infrastructure infrastructure

Economy Economy

Climate Climate change change

Results long term market analyses • LT market analyses show rising demand for: – New or larger and deeper ports – New, reclaimed land for living, working and recreation – Cruise terminals and beaches – Airports (in sea) – Oil and gas projects, LNG terminals – Coastal and river defence • All drivers contribute to growth dredging and marine construction market

3. Where will we live in 2050?

Where will we live in 2050? •

World population has grown from 2.5 billion in 1950 to 6.5 billion today



It will rise to 9 billion in 2050



Migration from rural to urban will continue



People love living next to water



80% of large cities are in coastal zones



In 2050 twice as many people will live, work and recreate in coastal areas (100 km strip)



Coastal land will become more scarce



Therefore land prices in coastal cities are expected to rise

World wide migration from rural to urban

Effects of climate change • A change of climate cannot be longer denied • Sea levels will rise for sure • Low lying areas will be at risk if not properly protected • Puts further pressure on coastal areas • It is time to act • The dredging world is there to help

4. Reclamation pays

The cost of reclamation Cost of reclamation depends on: • Removal unsuitable mud layers • Sailing distance to disposal area’s • Sailing distances to sand borrow areas • Costs of dredging licences / permits • Depth of the area to be filled • Quality of fill material • Wave and wind climate

But also on,.. • Available construction time • The availability of modern dredging equipment • The production capacity of dredging equipment • The quality of the contractor • The level of partnering with the client

Av. Prod. per wk..

Ever increasing productions / week 3500000 3250000 3000000 2750000 2500000 2250000 2000000 1750000 1500000 1250000 1000000 750000 500000 250000 0 1990

1992

1994

1996

1998 Year

2000

2002

2004

Economy of scale (volume versus m3 costs) Large reclamation projects, costs of fill / m2 €240 €200 €160 €120 €80 €40 0

50

100

150 200

250 300

350 400

450 500

Volume in million m3 sand/gravel fill Size of bubble: project volume in million m3 marine fill

550

The cost of reclamation •

Larger, more efficient dredging equipment makes mega projects possible



Size (of reclamations) really matters



Historic dredging fill costs ‘always’ below € 140 per m2 !!



Add ± 40% for seawall / rock protection



Add ± 10% for soil improvement / compacting



Total reclamation costs usually below € 250 per m2 !!

Current seafront land prices per m2 City

Range of land prices (2006) in € / m2

Hong Kong

19,500 – 31,400

Singapore

4,600 – 6,200

Dubai

1,785 – 4,150

Tokyo

1250 (average)

Rotterdam Cost of reclaimed land

485 – 625 < 250 (incl. revetment and compacting)

5. Conclusions

Conclusions •

Reclamation are getting - economically and technically - more and more feasible



Due to larger dredging equipment and innovations prices of reclamation has gone down



Very high productions can be achieved (up to 3 million m3 per week)



Reclamation can be designed for sea level rising



Early ‘partnering’ with dredging contractor will help client / developer to optimize design and execution



Therefore: ‘reclamation pays’

Van Oord: a sea of opportunity

Thank you for your attention