Medical Language
Learning Objectives
Immerse Yourself THIRD EDITION
CHAPTER
12
Male Reproductive Medicine
Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
1. Identify structures of male genitourinary system 2. Describe processes of spermatogenesis and ejaculation 3. Describe common male genitourinary diseases and conditions, laboratory and diagnostic procedures, medical and surgical procedures.
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Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
Male Reproductive Medicine • Medical specialty that studies the anatomy and physiology of male genitourinary system • Uses diagnostic tests, medical and surgical procedures to treat male reproductive diseases Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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Anatomy and Physiology (cont’d) • Internal Genitalia
Seminal vesicles Prostate gland Ejaculatory ducts Bulbourethral glands Vas (ductus) deferens
Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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Anatomy and Physiology
• External Genitalia
Penis Testes Scrotum Epididymides Urethra
Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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Anatomy and Physiology (cont’d) • Male genitourinary system shares urethra with urinary system • Also known as urogenital system Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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1
Anatomy of the Male Genitourinary System • Scrotum Soft pouch of skin Behind penis, in front of legs Few degrees cooler than core body temperature Muscles in wall of scrotum contract or relax • to move scrotum closer to, or farther away from body • to adjust to temperature changes Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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Anatomy of the Male Genitourinary System (cont’d)
External and internal male genitalia
Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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Anatomy of the Male Genitourinary System (cont’d) • Testis (cont’d)
• Scrotum (cont’d) Perineum - area between scrotum and anus
• Testis (gonad, sex gland) Testes (testicles) located within scrotum Egg-shaped glands • about 2 inches in length Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
Figure 12-2
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Function: • Part of male genitourinary AND endocrine systems • Contain seminiferous tubules • tubules produce spermatozoa (sperm)
• Act as endocrine gland • secrete hormone testosterone Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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Anatomy of the Male Genitourinary System (cont’d) • Epididymis Long, coiled tube (over 20 feet) Attached to outer wall of each testis. Within epididymis, head of each spermatozoon has layer of enzymes • help penetrate and fertilize female ovum
Destroys defective spermatozoa Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
Figure 12-3 Structures of Testis and Penis. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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2
12-1
Figure 12-4 Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
Descent of the Testes Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Anatomy of the Male Genitourinary System (cont’d) • Vas Deferens, Seminal Vesicles, Ejaculatory Duct Vas deferens – • long tube • receives spermatozoa from epididymis • goes behind urinary bladder • then merges with a seminal vesicle Spermatozoa can be stored in vas deferens for several months • in an inactive state Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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Anatomy of the Male Genitourinary System (cont’d) • Prostate Gland
Click on the screenshot to view an animation of the male reproductive system. The animation may require a few seconds before playing. Back to Directory Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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Anatomy of the Male Genitourinary System (cont’d) Vas Deferens, etc.
(cont) Seminal vesicles • produce seminal fluid • makes up most volume of semen Ejaculatory duct – • large collecting duct • enters prostate gland, then joins urethra within prostate gland • holds spermatozoa and seminal fluid Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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Anatomy of the Male Genitourinary System (cont’d) • Bulbourethral Glands
Donut-shaped gland at base of bladder Produces prostatic fluid • contains antibiotic that kills bacteria Also contains enzyme, acid phosphatase • breaks semen deposit apart • releases spermatozoa into woman’s vagina Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
Male Reproductive System Animation
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Small, bulblike glands About size of peas • on both sides of urethra below prostate gland Produce thick mucus • makes up some volume of semen • mucus helps sperm survive by neutralizing acidity of any urine remaining in urethra at time of ejaculation and in normally acidic female vagina Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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3
Anatomy of the Male Genitourinary System (cont’d) • Penis
Physiology of Spermatogenesis, Sexual Maturity, and Ejaculation • Spermatogenesis
Organ of male reproductive and urinary systems In uncircumcised males • urethral meatus is covered by prepuce (foreskin) of the penis During sexual arousal • three columns of erectile tissue fill with blood • causing penis to become firm and erect Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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At onset of puberty, anterior pituitary gland begins to secrete 2 hormones: • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) • stimulates seminiferous tubes to enlarge and spermatocytes in testes to begin dividing
• Luteinizing hormone (LH) • stimulates interstitial cells in testes to begin to secrete testosterone Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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Physiology of Spermatogenesis, Sexual Maturity, and Ejaculation (cont’d) • Sexual Maturity Testosterone causes male sexual characteristics to develop: • enlargement of external genitalia • development of large muscles • deepening of voice • growth of body hair on face, chest, axillae, and genital areas • development of sexual drive Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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Figure 12-5 Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
Testosterone Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Physiology of Spermatogenesis, Sexual Maturity, and Ejaculation (cont’d)
Physiology of Spermatogenesis, Sexual Maturity, and Ejaculation (cont’d)
Ejaculation
• Ejaculation (cont’d)
Thoughts or sensations initiate sexual arousal → • smooth muscle relaxes in wall of arteries in penis → • vasodilation increases blood flow within penis → • corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum distend with blood → • produces erection → Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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muscles at base of penis contract → spermatozoa mixes with seminal fluid → moves into urethra → mixes with mucus from bulbourethral glands → a series of contractions cause semen to be expelled from penis → through urethral meatus Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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4
Diseases and Conditions • Testis and Epididymis Cryptorchidism
(failure of
testes to descend)
Epididymitis
(from disease, infection, catheter)
Infertility
(failure to conceive, after 1 yr, regular sexual intercourse, no BC) Normal Sperm Count
Oligospermia
Figure 12-6 Oligospermia Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc. Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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Diseases and Conditions (cont’d) • Testis and Epididymis (cont’d) Orchitis
(bacteria, virus,
trauma)
Testicular cancer Varicocele (varicose vein in spermatic cord)
Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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Diseases and Conditions (cont’d) • Penis
Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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Diseases and Conditions (cont’d) Prostate Gland Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) (gradual enlargement, normal with age, hesitancy, dribbling, narrowed caliber)
Cancer of the prostate gland Prostatitis (bacterial from UTI or STD)
Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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Diseases and Conditions (cont’d) • Penis (cont’d)
Balanitis (bacteria, virus, yeast, fungus)
Chordee (congenital, abnormality, downward curvature during erection, w/ hypospadias?)
Dyspareunia (painful, difficult
Erectile dysfunction (ED) (video) Phimosis (uncircumcised, foreskin opening too small, can cause infection)
Premature ejaculation (ejaculation prior to or immediately after penetration of vagina)
sexual intercourse)
Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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5
12-3
Erectile Dysfunction Video
Diseases and Conditions (cont’d) • Penis Priapism
(continuing erection for hours, pain, tenderness)
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of erectile dysfunction. Back to Directory Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
Sexually Transmitted Disease
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STD’s
(STD, venereal disease) – contagious diseases. 1 of 2 sexually active people under 25 will contract an STD
Each year, roughly 19 million people in the U.S. contract a sexually transmitted disease 48% of STDs are diagnosed in people between 15 and 24.
Bacterial Infections:
chlamydia
genital wart (condyloma)
human papillomavirus (HPV)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
syphilis –
Chlamydia trachomatis
gonorrhea
Viral Infections:
treponema pallidum causes lesions on body
trichomoniasis –
Trichomonas vaginalis infection of vagina, urethra or prostate Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
herpes genitalis
herpes simplex virus infection of genitals and anus and mucosa
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bacterial, often asymptomatic, urethritis in men, PID, ectopic pregnancy in women
Herpes genitalis, herpes simplex virus, infection of genitals and anus and mucosa Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
Table 12-1 Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
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Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
12-3
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Herpes Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of herpes. Back to Directory Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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6
genital wart (condyloma), human papillomavirus (HPV)
Table 12-1 (cont’d)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
12-3
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Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of gonorrhea. Back to Directory Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Diseases and Conditions (cont’d) • Male Breast
Before
After
Gynecomastia
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trichomoniasis – Trichomonas vaginalis bacterium with flagellum tail, infection of vagina, urethra or prostate with discharge Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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Medical and Surgical Procedures • Medical Procedures Digital rectal examination (DRE) Newborn genital examination Testicular self-examination (TSE)
• excessive development of the breast in a male Before
Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
syphilis – treponema pallidum spirochete bacteria, causes lesions on body, 3 stages
Gonorrhea Video
Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
Gonorrhea, Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria (CLAP), mucopurulent discharge
After
Before Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
After
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Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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Medical and Surgical Procedures (cont’d)
12-3
Circumcision Video
• Surgical Procedures (cont’d) Circumcision (video) Orchiectomy (removal of testes, for testicular cancer)
Orchiopexy (reposition of undescended testicles or after orchiectomy)
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of circumcision. Back to Directory Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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Medical and Surgical Procedures (cont’d) • Surgical Procedures (cont’d) Penile implant Prostatectomy Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) Vasectomy (video)
Figure 12-11 Laser for Prostate Surgery Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc. Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
12-3
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Vasectomy Video
Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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Abbreviations
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of vasectomy. Back to Directory Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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Pronunciation ❏ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (ah‐KWY‐erd IM‐myoo‐noh‐dee‐ FISH‐en‐see SIN‐drohm) ❏ androgen drug (AN‐droh‐jen DRUHG) ❏ aspermia (aa‐SPER‐mee‐ah) ❏ balanitis (BAL‐ah‐NY‐tis) ❏ benign prostatic hypertrophy (bee‐NINE praws‐TAT‐ik hy‐PER‐troh‐fee) ❏ bulbourethral gland (BUL‐boh‐yoo‐REE‐thral GLAND) ❏ chancre (SHANG‐ker) ❏ chlamydia (klah‐MID‐ee‐ah) ❏ chordee (kor‐DEE) ❏ circumcision (SER‐kum‐SIH‐shun) ❏ condylomata acuminata (CON‐dih‐LOH‐mah‐tah ah‐KOO‐mih‐NAH‐tah) ❏ corpora cavernosa (KOR‐por‐ah KAV‐er‐NOH‐sah) ❏ corpus spongiosum (KOR‐puhs SPUN‐jee‐OH‐sum) Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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Pronunciation ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏
cryptorchism (krip‐TOHR‐kiz‐em) ductus deferens (DUK‐tus DEF‐er‐enz) dyspareunia (DIS‐pah‐ROO‐nee‐ah) ejaculatory duct (ee‐JAK‐yoo‐lah‐TOH‐ee DUKT) epididymis (EP‐ih‐DID‐ih‐mis) epididymitis (EP‐ih‐DID‐ih‐MY‐tis) erectile dysfunction (ee‐REK‐tile dis‐FUNK‐shun) follicle‐stimulating hormone (FAWL‐ih‐kl STIM‐yoo‐LAY‐ting HOR‐ mohn) ❏ glans penis (GLANZ PEE‐nis) ❏ gonorrhea (GAWN‐oh‐REE‐ah) ❏ gynecomastia (GY‐neh‐koh‐MAS‐tee‐ah) ❏ impotence (IM‐poh‐tens) ❏ inguinal canal (ING‐gwih‐nal kah‐NAL) Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
Pronunciation ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏
internal genitalia (in‐TER‐nal JEN‐ih‐TAY‐lee‐ah) luteinizing hormone (LOO‐tee‐ih‐NY‐zing HOR‐mohn) meiosis (my‐OH‐sis) mitosis (my‐TOH‐sis) oligospermia (OH‐lih‐goh‐SPER‐mee‐ah) orchiectomy (OR‐kee‐EK‐toh‐mee) orchitis (or‐KY‐tis) perineal (PAIR‐ih‐NEE‐al) perineum (PAIR‐ih‐NEE‐um) prepuce (PREE‐poos) priapism (PRY‐ah‐pizm) prostatectomy (PRAWS‐tah‐TEK‐toh‐mee) prostate‐specific antigen (PRAWS‐tayt speh‐SIF‐ik AN‐tih‐jen) Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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Pronunciation ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏
prostatic fluid (praws‐TAT‐ik FLOO‐id) prostatitis (PRAWS‐tah‐TY‐tis) semen (SEE‐men) seminal vesicle (SEM‐ih‐nal VES‐ih‐kl) seminiferous tubule (SEM‐ih‐NIF‐er‐us TOO‐byool) seminoma (SEM‐ih‐NOH‐mah) spermatic cord (sper‐MAT‐ik KORD) spermatozoa (SPER‐mah‐toh‐ZOH‐ah) vas deferens (VAS DEF‐er‐enz) vasectomy (vah‐SEK‐toh‐mee)
Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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Summary
Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley
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9
