Hans Irschik • Michael Krommer • Kazumi Watanabe Toshio Furukawa (Eds.)

Mechanics and Model-Based Control of Smart Materials and Structures

SpringerWienNewYork

Contents

Energy Absorption of Axially-Impacted Column Controlled by Transverse Impact Tadaharu Adachi 1 Introduction 2 Concept of Energy-Absorption Control 3 Experiment 4 Experimental Results 5 Discussion 6 Summary References Seismic Performance of Tuned Mass Dampers Christoph Adam and Thomas Furtmüller 1 Introduction 2 Applied Procedure 2.1 Mechanical Model 2.2 Seismic Excitation 2.3 Applied Tuning Procedures 2.4 Representation of Outcomes 3 Assessment of the Seismic TMD Performance 4 Conclusion References Problems in Fast Moving Non-Holonomic Elastic Systems . . . . Hartmut Bremer 1 Basics: The Central Equation of Dynamics 2 Non-Holonomicity 2.1 Analytical Methods 2.2 Projection Equation 3 Rigid Multibody Systems (MBS) 4 Orthogonality

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4.1 Hamilton's Principle 4.2 The Projection Equation 5 Elastic Multibody System (EMBS) 5.1 Partial Differential Equations 5.2 Approximative Solution 6 Conclusions References Using GPS sensors in Structural Mechanics Fabio Casciati and Zhicong Chen 1 Introduction 2 Wireless Communication Systems 2.1 Signal-Channel Characteristic 2.2 Implementation Approaches 2.3 Key Points for Wireless Sensor Networks 3 Potential of Land GPS 3.1 State-of-the art 3.2 RSS 3.3 RTOF 3.4 TDOA-FWMW 4 Conclusions References Hybrid Control Procedures in Mitigating Cable Vibrations . . . Lucia Faravelli, demente Fuggini and Filippo Ubertini 1 Introduction 2 Physical cable model 3 Hybrid control strategy 4 Experimental results 4.1 DP-SMA case 4.2 OP-LOOP case 4.3 HYB case 5 Conclusions References Thermal Stress Analysis in a Functionally Graded Material Considering Finite Thermal Wave Speed Toshio Furukawa 1 Introduction 2 Analysis 3 Numerical Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References

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Numerical homogenization and optimization of smart composite materials Ulrich Gabbert, Sreedhar Kari, Niels Bohn and Harald Berger 1 Introduction 2 Numerical homogenization 3 Optimization of fiber reinforced composites 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Effect of the Fiber Diameter on Effective Material Properties 4.2 Influence of the fiber arrangement 4.3 Optimization of a short fiber composite 5 Conclusion References Hybride Bell Tower Like Structures in Earthquake Environment Rudolf Heuer and S. Mehdi Yousefi 1 Introduction 2 The generalized MDOF system 3 Geometrical nonlinear influence of the bell (pendulum) 4 Time-harmonic excitation 5 Stationary random base excitation 6 Conclusions References Tracking of Stresses: A Further Step Towards Ageless Structures Hans Irschik, Michael Krommer and Markus Gusenbauer 1 Introduction 2 Initial boundary value problem 3 A preliminary result stemming from shape control 4 A solution for the stress-tracking problem References Non-Linear Dynamic Deformation of a Piezothermoelastic Laminate Masayuki Ishihara, Yasuhiro Watanabe and Naotake Noda 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical analysis 2.1 Problem 2.2 Governing equations 2.3 Galerkin method 2.4 Polynomial Oscillator 2.5 Dynamic Behavior 3 Conclusion References

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Determining Liquid Properties Using Mechanically Vibrating Sensors 95 Bernhard Jakoby, E.K. Reichel, F. Lucklum, B. Weiss, C. Riesch, F. Keplinger, R. Beigelbeck and W. Hilber 1 Introduction 95 2 Considered Technologies for Miniaturized Viscosity-Sensors . 97 2.1 Thickness Shear Mode Resonators and Related Devices 98 2.2 Vibrating Beam Devices and Membranes 99 3 Summary and Conclusions 103 References 103 Mathematical Analysis of Flexural Vibration for a Functionally Graded Material Plate and Vibration Suppression by Flexural Wave Control 105 Ryuusuke Kawamura, Hiroshi Fujita, Kenichiro Heguri and Yoshinobu Tanigawa 1 Introduction 105 2 Flexural Vibrations for FGM Beam and Rectangular Plate . 107 2.1 Analytical Development 107 2.2 Numerical Results and Discussion 110 3 Vibration Suppression of FGM Beam by Active Sink Method 112 4 Conclusion 114 References 114 Monitoring and control of multi-storey frame structures by strain-type actuators and sensors Michael Krommer and Markus Zellhofer 1 Introduction 2 Monitoring and active control of multi-storey frame structures 2.1 Closed loop control strategy 2.2 Sensor design 3 Optimal design of sensor networks 4 Case study: three-storey frame structure 4.1 Structural health monitoring with nilpotent sensors 4.2 Active control of third floor displacement 5 Conclusion References Transient Piezothermoelastic Problem of a Functionally Graded Thermopiezoelectric Cylindrical Panel Yoshihiro Ootao 1 Introduction 2 Analysis 2.1 Heat Conduction Problem

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2.2 Piezothermoelastic Problem 3 Numerical results 4 Conclusion References Control of an Electronic Throttle Valve for Drive-by-Wire Applications M. Reichhartinger, M. Horn and A. Hofer 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Model 3 Control 4 Numerical Simulation 5 Experiment 6 Conclusion References

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Output Regulation of Smart Structures, Theory and Practice. Thomas Rittenschober and Kurt Schlacher 1 Introduction 2 The Mathematical Model 3 Control Design for Harmonic Disturbance Suppression 4 Measurement Results 5 Summary References

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Analysis of Weld Induced Plasticity by B F M Akihide Saimoto 1 Introduction 2 Solution of Two-Dimensional Elastic Problem by BFM 3 Simplified Model of Line Welding 4 Expression of Plastic Strain by Force Doublets 5 Numerical Procedure and Discussion 6 Conclusion References

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Evaluation of Internal Friction of Viscoelastic Composites with Meso-Scale Structures for Vibration Damping of Mechanical Structures Yotsugi Shibuya 1 Introduction 2 Meso-scale structure of fiber composite 3 Numerical procedure 4 Damping properties 5 Numerical results and discussion 6 Conclusion References

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A n Identification Method of the Time Dependence of the Impact Force by Using Acoustic Response and FEM Analysis Tomoaki Tsuji, Takafumi Kurimoto and Toshikazu Shibuya 1 Introduction 2 Experimental set up and measurement 3 The identification method of the impact force by using the radiated sound and FEM analysis 4 The identification of the impact position and impact force . . 5 Conclusion References Infinite Row of Parallel Cracks in a Piezoelectric Material Strip under Mechanical and Transient Thermal Loadings Sei Ueda 1 Introduction 2 Formulation of the problem 3 Analysis 4 Numerical results and discussion 4.1 The Stress Intensity Factors under Pure Mechanical Load 4.2 The Stress Intensity Factors of the Embedded Crack under Pure Thermal Load 4.3 The Stress Intensity Factor of the Edge Crack under Pure Thermal Load 5 Conclusion References Elastodynamic Doppler Effects by a Moving Interface Kazumi Watanabe and Naobumi Sumi 1 Introduction 2 Elastodynamic Scattering Doppler Effect 3 Time-Harmonic Wave 3.1 Uniform motion 3.2 Back and forth motion 4 Conclusion References Compensation of flexible vibrations in a two-link robot by piezoelectric actuation C. Zehetner and J. Gerstmayr 1 Introduction 2 Shape control of a moving cantilever beam 3 Compensation of flexural vibrations in a two-link robot . . . . 4 Numerical modeling of the piezo-beam-element 4.1 Equations of motion 5 Numerical Examples

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6 Conclusions References The basis of optimal active (static and dynamic) shape- and stress-control by means of smart materials Franz Ziegler 1 Introduction 2 Suppression of force-induced small vibrations about an equilibrium state 2.1 Force-induced small vibrations about an equilibrium state 2.2 Eigenstrain-induced small vibrations: dynamic shape control 3 The basis of impotent and nilpotent eigenstrain in Hilbert (energy) space 3.1 Determination of the dimensions of the subspaces Hu and Ha of the energy space 3.2 Construction of the basis of nilpotent eigenstrain. . . 4 Conclusion References

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