MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration Chapter 6 Managing and Administering DNS in Windows Server 2008

Objectives • Describe and install Active Directory Domain Services • Manage your Domain Name System (DNS) environment • Troubleshoot your DNS environment • Manage Windows Internet Name Service • Describe the new features of DNS in Windows Server 2008

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Introduction to Active Directory Domain Services • Active Directory (AD) clients – Use DNS to locate all the resources available on the network

• DNS servers you can run in an AD DS environment – Standard DNS servers – AD DS–integrated DNS servers

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Introduction to Active Directory Domain Services (continued) • Activity 6-1: Resetting Network Adapters • Time Required: 15 minutes • Objective: Reset the network adapters on lab servers

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Using AD DS • AD DS – Microsoft’s implementation of a directory services infrastructure – Stores attributes, or specific information, for objects within a network

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Using AD DS (continued) • Activity 6-2: Installing the AD DS Role on MSNSRV-0XX • Time Required: 10 minutes • Objective: Install the AD DS server role

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Using AD DS (continued) • Activity 6-3: Promoting MSN-SRV-0XX to a DC • Time Required: 40 minutes • Objective: Build the first DC in a domain

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Using AD DS (continued) • Activity 6-4: Reviewing the New DNS Zone Additions • Time Required: 10 minutes • Objective: Review new zones and records created by the AD DS installation process

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Using AD DS (continued) • Domain controller locator – Runs at logon to provide client with location of a DC that can authenticate its requests

• AD domain names – Every AD domain in Windows Server 2008 has a naming convention based on a DNS domain name

• DNS requirements for AD – When a DC is added to a domain, SRV and A records are created to allow clients to find a DC during logon MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

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AD-Integrated DNS • Benefits of AD DNS – Faster and more efficient replication – Database security – Multimaster support for updates and replication

• Administrators can choose one of the following zone replication options for AD DS DNS zones – To all DNS servers in this forest – To all DNS servers in this domain – To all domain controllers in this domain (for Windows 2000 compatibility) MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

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AD-Integrated DNS (continued) • Activity 6-5: Changing the Zone Replication Settings for bentech.local • Time Required: 10 minutes • Objective: Change replication options for AD DS– integrated zone

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DNS Zone Layout • AD DS site structure – AD DS sites are designed to limit the replication traffic across wide area network (WAN) links

• Distribution of an IT department – How your network is administered helps determine the layout for your DNS zones and servers

• Forwarding – Types: standard and conditional

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DNS Zone Layout (continued) • Activity 6-6: Delegating a DNS Zone to MSN-SC0XX • Time Required: 20 minutes • Objective: Delegate control of a DNS zone for a subdomain to another server

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Dynamic DNS • Allows supported DNS clients to dynamically update their DNS records on a DNS server • Allows DNS clients to update their A, AAAA, and PTR records • Deletes records of clients removed from the domain or whose DHCP leases expire • Scavenging – Process within a DNS database that uses time stamps to determine when records can update themselves MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

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Dynamic DNS (continued) • DHCP configuration – By default, DHCP is configured to provide dynamic updates to clients that support this feature

• DNS configuration – Dynamic updates are configured at the DNS zone level

• Secure and nonsecure updates – Secure: Performed only by an authenticated client – Nonsecure: Performed by any client

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Dynamic DNS (continued) • How clients use DNS in an Active Directory environment – Failure to point your client to internal DNS servers can cause problems

• DNS Client Group Policy settings – For environments that do not use DHCP or have statically assigned IP addresses, this is a good option for defining DNS suffixes and search orders

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Dynamic DNS (continued) • Activity 6-7: Changing Group Policy Settings • Time Required: 20 minutes • Objective: Modify Group Policy settings

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Managing DNS • DNS console – Main GUI tool used for configuring DNS – Provides access to all DNS zones available on a server, along with configuration settings for the DNS role

• DNS Manager – Allows you to add DNS servers

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Configuration Settings in the DNS Console • DNS server level – Configuration and maintenance tasks you can perform • • • • •

Configure a DNS server Create the default application (Directory Partitions) Create a zone Set aging/scavenging for all zones Scavenge stale resource records

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Configuration Settings in the DNS Console (continued) • Activity 6-8: Configuring DNS at the Server Level • Time Required: 15 minutes • Objective: Setting server-level properties

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Configuration Settings in the DNS Console (continued) • DNS zone level – Level where all DNS zones exist

• DNS record level – – – –

Modifying and deleting records Defining security settings on a DNS record Managing scavenging settings for a record Setting record Time to Live

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Configuration Settings in the DNS Console (continued) • Activity 6-10: Modifying a DNS Record • Time Required: 5 minutes • Objective: Modify properties of a DNS record

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Round-Robin DNS • Allows an administrator to configure load balancing of servers based on DNS name resolution information • DNScmd – Can be used to disable or enable round-robin DNS along with other DNS features

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Round-Robin DNS (continued) • Activity 6-11: Setting Up Round-Robin DNS and Creating Records • Time Required: 15 minutes • Objective: Setting up DNS records for load balancing using round-robin DNS

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Conditional Forwarding • Forwarding based on a specific domain name • Created in their own location under your server in the DNS console

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Conditional Forwarding (continued) • Activity 6-12: Creating a Conditional Forwarder for badgerironman.com • Time Required: 15 minutes • Objective: Create a conditional forwarder in the DNS console

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Conditional Forwarding (continued) • DNScmd – Command-line tool for performing configuration and maintenance tasks on a DNS server – Can be used to: • • • •

Create and delete DNS zones Add and delete View information about DNS zones and records Change the zone type

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Conditional Forwarding (continued) • Activity 6-13: Performing Management Tasks with DNScmd • Time Required: 15 minutes • Objective: Managing DNS zones with DNScmd

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Troubleshooting DNS • DNS server logs – Global Logs folder: contains a subset of the event logs relating specifically to DNS called DNS Events – General Tab: DNS Events log file is set to a default size of 16,384 KB – Filter Tab: allows you to modify the view of the DNS Server log for better analysis of events

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Troubleshooting DNS (continued) • Activity 6-14: Modifying the DNS Server Log Size and Retention Value • Time Required: 10 minutes • Objective: Modify the DNS Server log settings for your environment

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Troubleshooting DNS (continued) • Activity 6-15: Modifying the DNS Server Log View • Time Required: 10 minutes • Objective: Modify the DNS Server log view to find the root cause of a network issue

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Command-Line Utilities • Ping – You can ping a server by host name or FQDN

• Ipconfig – Commands and switches: ipconfig /all, ipconfig /flushdns, ipconfig /displaydns, ipconfig /registerdns

• DCDiag – Allows you to perform diagnostic queries of your DCs

• Nslookup – Allows you to perform detailed queries for DNS information from the command line MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

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Command-Line Utilities (continued) • Nslookup – Noninteractive - allows you to perform a single query from the command line by entering all of the query parameters at once – Interactive - allows you to launch nslookup in a command-line shell where you can define parameters one by one – Used with debug parameter; provides more detailed information

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Command-Line Utilities (continued) • Activity 6-16: Using Nslookup in Interactive Mode • Time Required: 15 minutes • Objective: Perform DNS queries with nslookup

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Command-Line Utilities (continued) • Debug log – Windows Server 2008 allows you to turn on debug logging for a DNS server – Allows you to capture packet data related to the DNS server functionality

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WINS • Microsoft’s technology for resolving NetBIOS names to IP addresses • Based on two important pieces – The Server service and the Client service

• WINS server service – Responsible for maintaining the WINS database and responding to WINS requests

• The WINS client service – Responsible for initiating WINS queries, client registration, and name renewal MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

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WINS (continued) • Activity 6-17: Installing WINS • Time Required: 15 minutes • Objective: Install a WINS server on your network

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WINS (continued) • Activity 6-18: Editing the LMHOSTS File • Time Required: 15 minutes • Objective: Edit a user’s LMHOSTS file

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WINS (continued) • Global name zones (GNZs) – Provide single name–to–IP address resolution by creating CNAME records in a special GNZ – If a GNZ is created, a DNS server looks to the GNZ first and then to WINS

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WINS (continued) • Activity 6-19: Creating the GNZ • Time Required: 15 minutes • Objective: Create the GNZ and associated alias records.

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New DNS Features • DNS on Server Core – You can deploy a single or multirole server running DNS and other services

• Support for IPv6 – Windows Server 2008 DNS supports the IPv6 address numbering scheme along with the AAAA resource records

• Primary Read-Only Zone – Read-only domain controllers (RODCs): contain a copy of the AD DS database and can answer client requests MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

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New DNS Features (continued) • Activity 6-20: Creating an RODC • Time Required: 20 minutes • Objective: Create an RODC

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New DNS Features (continued) • Link-local multicast name resolution – Clients exchange simple messages to verify that they have a unique name on the local subnet

• DNS client changes – Clients periodically perform a check to ensure that they are authenticating with a local DC – Clients use LLMNR to resolve names on a local network segment when a DNS server is not available

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New DNS Features (continued) • Background zone loading – Allows DNS server to handle client requests immediately instead of waiting until the entire DNS zone is loaded

• GNZ – Allows you to host computer name–to–IP address resolution records in their Windows Server 2008 DNS zone

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Summary • In an AD DS environment, you can run two types of DNS servers – Standard DNS servers and AD DS DNS–integrated servers

• AD DS – Uses DCs to store all the AD objects and information about an environment – Uses a database structure to maintain its objects

• AD – Requires DNS for locating DCs, or the DC locator function MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

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Summary (continued) • Windows Server 2008 DNS implementations support two types of forwarding – Standard and conditional

• Dynamic DNS – Allows supported DNS clients to dynamically update their DNS records on a DNS server

• DNS console – Main GUI tool used for managing DNS

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Summary (continued) • You can configure DNS at the DNS server, zone, or record level • During forwarding – DNS server sends queries made for DNS zones that do not match its own zone and cache information to another internal or external DNS server

• Troubleshoot DNS when – Your clients are having difficulties connecting to applications or resources

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