Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan March 2014

Table of Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................... 8 Project Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 8 Role of Chickaloon Village Traditional Council ......................................................................................... 9 Purpose of the Project .............................................................................................................................. 9 Abundant Recreation Opportunities ...................................................................................................... 10 Heavy and Diverse Usage ....................................................................................................................... 11 Key Recommendations ........................................................................................................................... 12 Focus on Trails First ............................................................................................................................ 12 Improve the Sustainable Use of Selected Recreation Sites and Trailheads ....................................... 12 Recreation Site and Trail Stewardship Program ................................................................................ 12 Trail Connectivity................................................................................................................................ 13 Develop Signature Trails for Specific Uses ......................................................................................... 13

Recreation and Trails Inventory ........................................................................... 15 Map of All Recreation Sites in Study Plan Area .................................................... 16 Recreation Sites Inventory ..................................................................................................................... 17 Trailhead Inventory ................................................................................................................................ 18 Trail Inventory......................................................................................................................................... 19 Trail Inventory (continued) ..................................................................................................................... 20

Recreation Sites, Trailheads and Trails Descriptions ............................................ 21 Methodology .......................................................................................................................................... 21 Matanuska River Park and Campground............................................................................................ 22 Lazy Mountain/Morgan Horse Trailhead ........................................................................................... 24 Wasilla Creek Headwaters Trailheads ................................................................................................ 26 Premier Mine Recreation Site ............................................................................................................ 28 Moose Creek Campground and Wayside ........................................................................................... 31 Slipper Lake Recreation Site ............................................................................................................... 34 Eska Creek Falls Trailhead .................................................................................................................. 37 Coyote Lake Recreation Site............................................................................................................... 39 Kings River Recreation Site................................................................................................................. 42 Permanente Trailhead ........................................................................................................................ 45 King Mountain State Recreation Site ................................................................................................. 47

Bonnie Lake State Recreation Site ..................................................................................................... 49 Long Lake State Recreation Site ......................................................................................................... 51 Purinton Creek Trailhead ................................................................................................................... 53 Index Lake Trailhead........................................................................................................................... 55 Hicks Creek (Pinochle Creek) Trailhead.............................................................................................. 57 Matanuska Glacier State Recreation Site ........................................................................................... 59 Matanuska Glacier Park ..................................................................................................................... 61 Caribou Creek Recreational Mining Area ........................................................................................... 63 Caribou Creek Trailhead ..................................................................................................................... 65 Sheep Mountain Lodge Trailhead ...................................................................................................... 67 Camp Creek Trailhead ........................................................................................................................ 69 Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trailhead .................................................................................................. 71 Tahneta Pass Trailhead ...................................................................................................................... 73 Belanger Pass Trailhead ..................................................................................................................... 75 Nelchina River Trailhead .................................................................................................................... 77 Old Man Creek Trailhead.................................................................................................................... 79 Trail Descriptions .................................................................................................................................... 81 Alfred Creek Trail................................................................................................................................ 82 Baxter Mine Trail ................................................................................................................................ 83 Bear Ridge Trail .................................................................................................................................. 84 Belanger Pass Trail ............................................................................................................................. 85 Camp Creek Trail ................................................................................................................................ 86 Caribou Creek Trail ............................................................................................................................. 87 Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trail........................................................................................................... 88 Chickaloon Trail .................................................................................................................................. 89 Chickaloon River Trail ......................................................................................................................... 90 Crooked Creek Trail ............................................................................................................................ 91 East Fork Trail ..................................................................................................................................... 92 Eska Creek Falls Trail .......................................................................................................................... 93 Eska Creek Falls Hiking Trail ............................................................................................................... 94 Goober Lake Trail ............................................................................................................................... 95 Gunsight Mountain Trail .................................................................................................................... 96 Gunsight Mountain Hiking Trail ......................................................................................................... 97 Hicks Creek Trail ................................................................................................................................. 98

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Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Index Lake Trail................................................................................................................................... 99 Kings River Trail ................................................................................................................................ 100 Lazy Moose Trail ............................................................................................................................... 101 Lazy Mountain Trail .......................................................................................................................... 102 Moose Creek Branch Railroad Trail .................................................................................................. 103 Moose Range Trails .......................................................................................................................... 104 Morgan Horse Trail........................................................................................................................... 105 Nelchina River Trail .......................................................................................................................... 106 Old Man Creek Trail.......................................................................................................................... 107 Palmer Branch Railroad Trail ............................................................................................................ 108 Permanente Trail .............................................................................................................................. 109 Premier Mine Trail............................................................................................................................ 110 Purinton Creek Trail ......................................................................................................................... 111 Seventeen Mile Lake Trail ................................................................................................................ 112 Sheep Mountain Lodge Trails ........................................................................................................... 113 Skyline Trail ...................................................................................................................................... 114 South Side Trail................................................................................................................................. 115 Squaw Creek Trail ............................................................................................................................. 116 Startup Lakes Trail ............................................................................................................................ 117 Tahneta Pass Trail............................................................................................................................. 118 Trail Lakes Trail ................................................................................................................................. 119 Wasilla Creek Headwaters Trail ....................................................................................................... 120 Weiner Lake Trail.............................................................................................................................. 121 Wishbone Lake Trail ......................................................................................................................... 122 Wishbone Stripmine Trail ................................................................................................................. 123 Wolverine Creek Trail ....................................................................................................................... 124 Young Creek Trail ............................................................................................................................. 125

Strategic Action Plan .......................................................................................... 126 Usage and Visitation Trends ................................................................................................................. 126 Visitation Periods ............................................................................................................................. 126 Predominant Current Uses ............................................................................................................... 126 Winter Activities ............................................................................................................................... 127 Summer Activities ............................................................................................................................ 127 Barriers to Visitation ........................................................................................................................ 128

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Site and Trail Design Standards ............................................................................................................ 129 The Six Essential Elements of Sustainable Trails .............................................................................. 129 Trail Design Standards ...................................................................................................................... 130 Trail Classification System – referenced from Alaska State Parks ................................................... 132 Trail Design Parameters ................................................................................................................... 133 Sustainability and Improvement Strategies ......................................................................................... 142 Recommended Management Strategies.......................................................................................... 142 Regular Site and Trail Assessments .................................................................................................. 146 Recreation Site and Trail Stewardship Program .............................................................................. 146 Matanuska River Watershed Recreation Site and Trail Website ..................................................... 147 Recommended Recreation Site and Trailhead Improvement - Priority Projects ................................. 148 Premier Mine Recreation Site Recommendations ........................................................................... 148 Moose Creek Campground and Wayside Recommendations.......................................................... 149 Slipper Lake Recreation Site Recommendation ............................................................................... 150 Coyote Lake Recreation Site Recommendations ............................................................................. 151 Kings River Recreation Site Recommendations ............................................................................... 152 Long Lake State Recreation Site Recommendations ........................................................................ 153 Old Man Creek Recreation Site and Trailhead Recommendations .................................................. 154 Eska Creek Falls Trailhead Recommendations ................................................................................. 155 King Mountain State Recreation Site Recommendations ................................................................ 155 Bonnie Lake Recreation Site Recommendations ............................................................................. 155 Permanente Trailhead Recommendations ...................................................................................... 155 Purinton Creek Trailhead Recommendations .................................................................................. 155 Index Lake Trailhead Recommendations ......................................................................................... 155 Hicks (Pinochle) Creek Trailhead Recommendations....................................................................... 155 Matanuska Glacier State Recreation Site Recommendations ......................................................... 155 Matanuska Glacier Park Recommendations .................................................................................... 156 Caribou Creek Recreational Mining Area Recommendations .......................................................... 156 Camp Creek Trailhead Recommendations ....................................................................................... 156 Squaw Creek/Belanger Pass Trailhead Recommendations.............................................................. 156 Belanger Pass Trailhead Recommendations .................................................................................... 156 Nelchina River Trailhead Recommendations ................................................................................... 156 Recommended Trail Improvement Projects......................................................................................... 156 Bear Ridge Trail Recommendations ................................................................................................. 156

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Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Chickaloon Trail Recommendations ................................................................................................. 156 Chickaloon River Trail Recommendations........................................................................................ 157 Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trail Recommendations ......................................................................... 157 Eska Creek Falls Hiking Trail Recommendations .............................................................................. 157 Eska Creek Falls Trail Recommendations ......................................................................................... 157 Kings River Trail Recommendations ................................................................................................. 157 Lazy Moose Trail Recommendations ............................................................................................... 157 Lazy Mountain Trail Recommendations ........................................................................................... 157 Moose Creek Branch Railroad Trail Recommendations................................................................... 157 Palmer Branch Railroad Trail Recommendations ............................................................................ 157 Permanente Trail Recommendations .............................................................................................. 157 Premier Mine Trail Recommendations ............................................................................................ 158 Purinton Creek Trail Recommendations .......................................................................................... 158 Seventeen Mile Lake Trail Recommendations ................................................................................. 158 Skyline Trail Recommendations ....................................................................................................... 158 South Side Trail Recommendations ................................................................................................. 158 Wasilla Creek Headwaters Trail Recommendations ........................................................................ 158 Weiner Lake Trail Recommendations .............................................................................................. 158 Wishbone Lake Trail Recommendations .......................................................................................... 158 Wishbone Strip Mine Trail Recommendations ................................................................................ 158 Wolverine Lake Trail Recommendations ......................................................................................... 159 Young Creek Trail Recommendations .............................................................................................. 159 Funding and Finance Strategies ............................................................................................................ 159 Local Partner Fundraising ................................................................................................................. 159 Grant Funding................................................................................................................................... 160 Special District .................................................................................................................................. 161 Certificates of Participation.............................................................................................................. 161 Adopt-A-Trail Programs.................................................................................................................... 162 Concerted Coordination with Local, State and Federal Leadership ................................................. 162 Implementation Strategies ................................................................................................................... 162 Appendix A – Trail Assessment Template and Example Appendix B – Maps: Trail Location and Land Ownership Appendix C – Maps: Land Ownership of Recreation Sites and Recommended Site Plans

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Matanuska River Valley

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan

INTRODUCTION Chickaloon Native Village is a federally recognized Alaska Native Tribe that has nurtured and utilized the land, plants and animals of south central Alaska for millennia. Chickaloon Native Village’s traditional territory spans hundreds of miles of boreal forests teaming with wildlife, snow-capped mountains with ancient glaciers, and bountiful rivers of salmon and other fish. The epicenter of Chickaloon Village’s traditional territory is in the Matanuska River watershed of upper Cook Inlet. Chickaloon Village is an Ahtna Athabascan Tribe governed by the nine-member Chickaloon Village Traditional Council (CVTC). CVTC is a Tribal government currently consisting of seven departments (Administration and Accounting, Health and Social Services, Education, Transportation, Facilities, Environmental Stewardship, and Justice) whose offices are located in and near the rural town of Sutton in the Matanuska River watershed, just over one hour’s drive from Anchorage, Alaska’s largest city. Chickaloon Village strives to increase traditional Ahtna Athabascan culture and services for the betterment of all residents in the area. Preserving and stewarding the region’s natural resources including its many recreation sites and trails are ways of practicing aspects of traditional Ahtna culture and supporting the regional ecosystem.

Project Introduction In 2010, Chickaloon Village Traditional Council (CVTC) began the grant-funded1 Tene’ Ninicezet (“Trails I’m Thinking About”) Project to support the planning and development of recreation sites, campgrounds and trails within the Matanuska River watershed, while building collaborative partnerships with other Tribes, local governments, non-profit groups, and the communities to promote land stewardship throughout. As part of the project, CVTC contracted with the consultant team of PROS Consulting and Sustainable Design Group (Consultant Team) 2 in 2011 to complete this Recreation and Trails Plan of the Matanuska River watershed study area. In addition to the Consultant Team and CVTC, many others have contributed to the data collection for this plan including Valley Mountain Bikers and Hikers Association, Mat-Su Ski Club, Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska Department of Natural Resources (DNR), Bureau of Land Management (BLM), and numerous volunteers. The study area of this plan is approximately 75 lineal miles of the Matanuska River watershed, from the northern city limits of Palmer (near the mouth of the Matanuska River) to the eastern edge of the community of Eureka (near the Matanuska Glacier), and encompasses nearly 2,400 square miles of rural and wilderness terrain. This is a vast area, though access to the majority of recreation resources is focused along the Glenn Highway and in the vicinity of Lazy Mountain. This region enjoys local, statewide, and international visitation due to its scenic beauty and abundant recreation opportunities, but is at risk of a declining visitor experience and asset quality due to heavy use and occasional abuse. Due to the lack of dedicated funding for the land management agencies within the region to conduct a plan such as this, as a vested stakeholder and land steward in the region, CVTC sought out the necessary grant funding for this plan. This Recreation and Trails Plan is intended as a resource document and guide to assist land management agencies in a manner that reflects common interests and goals for Matanuska River watershed as determined through numerous meetings with residents and other stakeholders. It is also a useful inventory of recreation sites and trails within the study area for stakeholders and user groups and makes recommendations to agencies, land managers, and service providers. While this plan attempts to be as 1

This project is funded by a grant from the Administration for Native Americans (ANA). The Consultant Team is comprised of PROS Consulting, LLC of Indianapolis, IN/Dallas, TX; and Sustainable Design Group, LLC of Palmer, AK. 2

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inclusive as possible, there may be recreation and trail assets not identified and included due to the size, breadth, and reasonable limitations of the project.

Role of Chickaloon Village Traditional Council This project is sponsored and managed by Chickaloon Village Traditional Council (CVTC), a Tribal government. CVTC is a landowner in the region with properties that have potential for recreation development and potential to enhance access to existing trails. Additionally CVTC, like other stakeholder groups, may conduct plan recommendations on state or other land with appropriate landowner approvals and any necessary permits. As a vested stakeholder, CVTC has the desire to help residents and stakeholders in the region develop a plan that reflects the interests, needs, priorities, and values of the people and communities in the watershed around the topic of sustainable recreation. The methodology of this plan is heavily founded in public input to integrate local contributions, build advocacy for the region’s recreation sites and trails, and be a locally-based effort to direct the maintenance and development of sustainable recreation sites and trails.

Purpose of the Project Chickaloon Village Traditional Council is demonstrating its commitment as a vested stakeholder in the region by administering and managing this project for the following purposes: Inventory and Assess Recreation and Trail Assets

Analyze Trends, Best Practices, and Regional Needs

Develop Recommendations and Strategies

1. Identify recreation and trail opportunities and venues within the study area. 2. Assess and evaluate the condition and integrity of existing recreation sites, trailheads, trails and other related recreational infrastructure within the study area. 3. Develop recommendations and strategies that can be utilized by the local residents and stakeholders, community councils, the Mat-Su Borough, State of Alaska, and BLM for the enhancement and sustainable management of recreation and trail assets in the Matanuska River watershed.

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Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan

Abundant Recreation Opportunities The landscapes, view sheds, and recreational opportunities of the Matanuska River watershed are among the most breathtaking and spectacular in Alaska, as well as the United States as a whole. The striking vistas provide a backdrop for recreational experiences that are highly diverse and can serve people of many interests, backgrounds and skill levels. The following summary of recreational opportunities in the watershed is supported by assets and infrastructure in the region:                         

Day hiking Multi-day hiking or backpacking Mountain biking Road bicycling Horseback riding ATV riding (4-wheelers, all-terrain vehicles) OHV riding (4x4 off-road vehicles) River rafting and kayaking Hunting and fishing Glacier excursions Paintball Rock climbing Wildlife viewing Berry picking Canoeing Camping Backcountry skiing and snowboarding Cross country skiing Sledding Snowshoeing Dog sledding Snow machining Ice skating Ice fishing Ice climbing

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Heavy and Diverse Usage The recreation sites, trailheads and trails in the Matanuska River watershed are heavily used by visitors from local, regional, statewide and international points of origin. Despite this high traffic, there is limited coordination among land management agencies, private land owners, and industry related service providers. Trails are used most by local and regional visitors; some recreation sites are local “hot spots”, and a limited number of recreation sites are popular with statewide and international visitors. Recreation sites, trailheads, and trails range from being in high quality condition to extremely poor condition. Examples of assets in excellent or good condition are predominantly those that are privately owned or managed, or have consistent stewards (volunteers, contractors or employees) that look after and tend to them. These include private accommodations, some trails, state recreation sites, and some river access sites. There are also numerous recreational assets that have extremely poor or degraded conditions. These are typically public use assets that are not consistently managed or maintained by any person, interest or user group, private organization, or public agency. These include, but are not limited to numerous trailheads, backcountry trails, and some recreation sites. Many sites and trails are in excellent or good condition and there is increasing local pressure to improve recreation assets in the region. The Consultant Team observed that the most substantial examples of abuses, environmental degradation, and the threat to sustainable recreation assets in the watershed come more from disrespectful users than from different types of uses. Examples include, but are not limited to poor trail conditions from users that do not follow sustainability protocols for muddy areas, bogs, or waterway crossings; campers that leave abundant litter and human waste in areas of high traffic and activity; and persons who deliberately destroy and vandalize restrooms, pavilions, and other assets meant to enhance the recreational use of an area. One of the most significant recommendations developed in this Recreation and Trails Plan is to establish a process and system through which education, awareness, and self-policing can improve the choices and behavior of current and future users. Based on the observations of the Consultant Team, as well as interviews and focus groups with local residents and stakeholders, the majority of abusive users and recreationalists of the Matanuska River watershed are not local residents. Rather, the watershed has become a region that is popular for some weekend visitors from outside the area to engage in activities and behavior that is disrespectful to the serenity and sustainability of the environment. This has displaced many users who have seen their favorite trails damaged to the point where they now consider the trails unsafe and no longer enjoyable to use.

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Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan

Key Recommendations While there are a multitude of recommendations contained within this plan, the following key recommendations represent the larger scale, overarching strategies to significantly strengthen the sustainable quality of recreation and trail assets in the region. Focus on Trails First Often it is easiest and more compelling to focus improvement projects on trailheads because they are highly visible and easily accessible; however, often little work is done on improving the quality of the trail that extends beyond. While it is not recommended to forego trailhead improvement projects, we want to emphasize the importance of focus on improving the quality and sustainability of trails in the Matanuska River watershed. There are a multitude of examples of high quality trails that have active stewardship and respectful users, and there are also examples of trails that are in exceptionally poor condition. In some cases, trails may only need improvement in specific sections to improve the sustainability and natural resource protection measures of that asset. Trails to pursue localized improvement projects on include, but are not limited to:            

Wasilla Creek Headwaters Trail Premier Mine Trail Wishbone Lake Trail Wishbone Stripmine Trail Eska Creek Falls Trail Kings River Trail Permanente Trail Purinton Creek Trail Hicks Creek Trail (Pinochle Creek) Alfred Creek Trail Old Man Creek Trail South Side Trail

Improve the Sustainable Use of Selected Recreation Sites and Trailheads There is a wealth of potential high quality recreation sites within the Matanuska River watershed that are not currently reaching their potential largely because of poor design, lack of site oversight or stewardship, and heavy (sometimes abusive) use. Starting with a small set of selected recreation sites and focusing improvement projects on these can help to raise the overall quality of recreation experiences in the area. Recreation sites and trailheads pursue localized improvement projects on include, but are not limited to:       

Premier Mine Recreation Site Moose Creek Campground Slipper Lake Recreation Site Coyote Lake Recreation Site Kings River Recreation Site Old Man Creek Recreation Site Eska Creek Falls Trailhead

Recreation Site and Trail Stewardship Program It will be critical to develop and maintain an active recreation site and trail stewardship program that can be managed either by the Matanuska-Susitna Borough as part of their existing Volunteer Trail Care

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Program or a stakeholder organization, for purposes of protecting the quality of existing sites, trailheads, and trails, as well as protection of any improvement projects that are pursued. A stewardship program that mimics successful “adopt-a-park” and “adopt-a-trail” programs in other locations around the United States would have a significant impact on the ability to maintain site and trail conditions on a regular basis. This can be organized by a local foundation or stakeholder organization that can support the administrative needs of the program. Subsequently, in-kind volunteer labor and donations that support the program can be classified as community service and potentially tax-deductible. Site and trail stewards can be either individuals or organizations with responsibilities that have a specified duration (recommended to be a year), and include specific expectations. These can include, but not be limited to:      

Regular assessment of site or trail conditions Updated site or trail conditions to related information web sites Trail stewards onsite to issue a trail survey for users to fill out to help make recommendations for trail improvements Coordination of volunteer efforts to improve site or trail conditions Interaction as needed with predominant user groups - education Advocacy for sustainable use practices at the site or trail

It is recommended that signage be present at each site or trail that identifies the steward, as well as contact information to report conditions or vandalism. This signage should also provide contact information for local law enforcement to report vandals or abusive users. Trail Connectivity The trail system in the Matanuska River watershed lacks connectivity between trails, other than the Glenn Highway which has no pedestrian/bike path and at places has no road shoulder. Due to the general lack of connectivity between trails, it is recommended that future efforts focus on connectivity options including adding a separated pedestrian/bike path adjacent to the Glenn Highway. With some connectivity projects implemented, there could be efficient use of parking space by minimizing the number of different parking areas needed. Connectivity of trails could also lead to multi-day adventures and the need for users to stay overnight in the area. Aside from the Glenn Highway as an existing connector, the Matanuska River itself is a connector of the upper and lower valley. This blueway provides numerous opportunities for short or long day trips as well as overnight trips. Additionally there are blueways that feed the Matanuska River including: Moose Creek, Chickaloon River, Kings River, and Caribou Creek. These provide a number of opportunities for self-directed white water pack rafting and white water kayaking, rafting, canoeing as well as guided rafting trips that start at the Matanuska Glacier and other locations. Develop Signature Trails for Specific Uses While most trails are multi-use, some trails are better designed and configured for specific uses. Additionally, there are a few trails that have usage restrictions for non-motorized use only. In order to be able to guarantee fulfillment of a trail user’s expectations of a high quality experience in the Matanuska River watershed, it is recommended to develop signature trails for specific uses in which visitors can be directed if they are looking for a refined experience. These trails would need to have more consistent stewardship and maintenance in order to maintain their quality throughout the year and with potentially heavy use. The following table outlines some existing and suggested examples of this.

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Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan

Specified Trail Use

Suggested Signature Trail(s)

Hiking/Snowshoeing

Eska Creek Falls Hiking Trail, Weiner Lake Trail, Camp Creek Trail, Gunsight Mountain Hiking Trail, Lazy Moose Trail

Mountain biking

Sheep Mountain Lodge Trails, Matanuska Branch Railroad Trail, Moose Creek Branch Railroad Trail, Matanuska River Park, Morgan Horse Trail, Permanente Trail, South Side Trail

Equestrian

Morgan Horse Trail, Chickaloon River Trail, Belanger Pass Trail, South Side Trail

ATV

Eska Creek Falls Trail, Seventeen Mile Lake Trail, Wishbone Lake Trail, Kings River Trail, Permanente Trail, Hicks Creek Trail, Belanger Pass Trail, Nelchina River Trail, Old Man Creek Trail

OHV

Wishbone Strip Mine Trail, Kings River Trail, Belanger Pass Trail, Alfred Creek Trail, Old Man Creek Trail

Cross country Skiing

Moose Range Trails, Sheep Mountain Lodge Trails, Lazy Mountain Trail, Matanuska River Park

Dog Sledding

Sheep Mountain Lodge Trails

Matanuska River Valley

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RECREATION AND TRAILS INVENTORY The inventory of recreation sites, trailheads, and trails includes site or trail amenities and characteristics, and an overall quality condition assessment. The quality condition is based on the inventory and assessments performed from August 2011 through September 2012, as well as data collected from stakeholders and user groups. The following elements contribute to the quality condition assessment:     

Highway and site signage Site and trail conditions Facility/infrastructure conditions Diversity and quality of amenities Access/egress conditions

Assessments of recreation sites, trailheads, and trails listed in these tables are based on the quality conditions defined below.

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Quality Condition

Rating Description

Excellent

Overall conditions of the site or trail are excellent and strongly contribute to the safe and meaningful use and enjoyment of the site. The natural features/landscape is in excellent condition and is protected from the impacts of heavy usage. Only routine maintenance and site work are required to maintain conditions over time. Any manmade structures of the site are well maintained and do not show signs of either heavy usage and/or vandalism. This site or trail currently meets sustainable quality standards.

Good

Overall conditions of the site or trail are good and contribute to the safe and meaningful use and enjoyment of the site. The natural features/landscape is in good condition and generally is protected from the impacts of heavy usage. Limited repairs and site work may be required to maintain conditions over time. Any man-made structures of the site are maintained and show only minor signs of either heavy usage and/or vandalism. This site or trail only requires routine maintenance to meet sustainable quality standards.

Fair

Overall conditions of the site or trail are fair and generally do not detract from safe and meaningful use. The natural features/landscape may be deteriorated from heavy usage, with minor repairs and site work required to improve conditions. Any manmade structures of the site are deteriorated either from heavy usage and/or vandalism, but these amenities and attractions are still in working condition. Repair and/or site work is required for this site or trail to meet sustainable quality standards.

Poor

Overall conditions of the site or trail are poor and potentially detract from safe and meaningful use. There is severe damage to the natural features/landscape and any man-made structures of the site from heavy usage and/or vandalism. Extensive repair and/or site work is required for this site or trail to meet sustainable quality standards.

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan

MAP OF ALL RECREATION SITES IN STUDY PLAN AREA

16

Premier Mine Recreation Site Slipper Lake Recreation Site

53 61

X X X

X X X X

X

X

X

X

X X X X

X X X

X X X X X

X X

X X X X X X

X X X X X X

X X

X X

X X

X X X

X X X

X X X

*Note: Quality conditions are noted by their abbreviation (E=Excellent, G=Good, F=Fair, P=Poor)

3

17

Matanuska River Park is located on the Old Glenn Highway (Arctic Avenue) on the northeast side of Palmer.

X X

X X X X X

Quality Condition*

Routine Site Maintenance

Parking

Trailhead

Drinking Water

Restrooms

66 102 101 N/A 54 130

X X

Primitive Camping Area

Kings River Recreation Site Matanuska Glacier Park Matanuska Glacier State Recreation Site 3 Matanuska River Park and Campground Moose Creek Campground Old Man Creek Recreation Site

X X

Maintained Camping Area

83 106 61 85 76

Site Signage

Bonnie Lake Recreation Site Caribou Creek Recreational Mining Area Coyote Lake Recreation Site Long Lake State Recreation Site King Mountain State Recreation Site

Highway Signage

Recreation Site

Location (Glenn Highway Mile Marker)

Recreation Sites Inventory

F E P F E F G E E F P P P

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan

X

X

X

X

X X X X X X

X X X X X X

X

X X X X X X

X X X X X X

X X

X X

X X

X X X

X X X

X X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Quality Condition*

121 N/A

X X X

X

X

Routine Site Maintenance

Tahneta Pass Trailhead 5 Wasilla Creek Headwaters Trailheads

X

X X X X X

Trailhead

72 99 53 90 113 N/A

X

Parking

Permanente Trailhead Hicks (Pinochle) Creek Trailhead Premier Mine Trailhead Purinton Creek Trailhead Sheep Mountain Lodge Trailhead 4 South Side Trailhead

X

Drinking Water

61 99 66 N/A 126 130

X X

Restrooms

Eska Creek Falls Trailhead Index Lake Trailhead Kings River Trailhead 4 Lazy Mountain Nelchina River Trailhead Old Man Creek Trailhead

X X

Primitive Camping Area

123 117 107 77 119

Site Signage

Belanger Pass Trailhead Camp Creek Trailhead Caribou Creek Trailhead Chickaloon River Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trailhead

Highway Signage

Trailhead

Location (Glenn Highway Mile Marker)

Trailhead Inventory

P G E P E P G F E F P F G P F E F P F

*Note: Quality conditions are noted by their abbreviation (E=Excellent, G=Good, F=Fair, P=Poor)

4 5

South Side Trailhead is located on Wolverine Road. Wasilla Creek Headwaters Trailheads are located on Buffalo Mine Road and Wendt Road.

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Camp Creek Trail

0.2

M

X X X

X X X X

X X

X X

X X

F P

X

X

X X X

X X

X X X X

F F E F F F

Caribou Creek Trail

26.6

M

Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trail

110.1

S/M

Chickaloon Trail

13.9

S/M

X X X X

Chickaloon River Trail

38.7

S

X

Crooked Creek Trail

16.2

M

East Fork Trail

2.8

M

Eska Creek Falls Trail

2.8

S

X

Eska Creek Falls Hiking Trail

1.8

M

X

Goober Lake Trail

5.2

M

Gunsight Mountain Trail

3.6

S

Gunsight Mountain Hiking Trail

3.9

S

Hicks Creek Trail (Pinochle)

12.4

M

Index Lake Trail

2.3

M

Kings River Trail

6.8

M

Lazy Moose Trail

2.5

M

X

Lazy Mountain Trail

1.9

S

X

Moose Creek Branch Railroad Trail

1.5

G

X X

X

Moose Range Trails

38.2

G

X

X

Morgan Horse Trail

2.2

S

X

X

X

Nelchina River Trail

9.1

M

X

X

X

X

Old Man Creek Trail

10.8

M

X

X

X

X

Palmer Branch Railroad Trail

4.9

G

X

Permanente Trail

13.1

M

Premier Mine Trail

2.3

M

Purinton Creek Trail

9.0

M

X X X X

X

X

X X

X

X X X

X X

X X X

X

X X

E

X

X

X X X

X

F

X X

X

X

X

X

X

F G F F F G

X

G P

X X

X

X X

X

X X X

X X X

E

E F

X X

X X X

X

X

X X X

**Note: Quality conditions are noted by their abbreviation (E=Excellent, G=Good, F=Fair, P=Poor)

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F F G P

X X X

Quality Condition**

M

X X

Dog Sledding

M

7.7

X-country Skiing/Snowshoeing

2.1

Belanger Pass Trail

X

Snow machining

Bear Ridge Trail

X

OHV Use

M

X

ATV Use

2.0

Equestrian

Baxter Mine Trail

Mountain biking

M

Hiking

8.0

Trail Directional Signage

Gradient Change Rating (Gradual, Moderate or Steep)

Alfred Creek Trail

Trail Identification Signage

Trail

Length in Miles

Trail Inventory

X

P F G F F

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan

Squaw Creek Trail

9.5

M

Start-up Lakes Trail

4.0

G

Tahneta Pass Trail

2.2

M

5.1

M

4.3

G

Trail Lakes Trail Wasilla Creek Headwaters Trail

7

Weiner Lake Trail

0.9

S

Wishbone Lake Trail

2.5

M

Wishbone Strip Mine Trail

5.9

M

Wolverine Creek Trail

8.4

M/S

Young Creek Trail

5.9

S

X X X

X X

X X X

X X X

X

X

X

X X

X X

X X X X X

X

X

X X

X X X X

X X X X X

X X X X X X X

X X X

X

X

X X X X

Quality Condition**

G

X

Dog Sledding

S

9.1

6

X

X-country Skiing/Snowshoeing

2.6

South Side Trail

Snow machining

Skyline Trail

X

OHV Use

M/S

X X

ATV Use

7.3

X X

Equestrian

Sheep Mountain Lodge Trails

Mountain biking

S

Hiking

4.2

Trail Directional Signage

Gradient Change Rating (Gradual, Moderate or Steep)

Seventeen Mile Lake

Trail Identification Signage

Trail

Length in Miles

Trail Inventory (continued)

X

F E F F P F F F F G G P F P

**Note: Quality conditions are noted by their abbreviation (E=Excellent, G=Good, F=Fair, P=Poor)

6

7

South Side Trailhead is located on Wolverine Road. Wasilla Creek Headwaters Trailheads are located on Buffalo Mine Road and Wendt Road.

20

RECREATION SITES, TRAILHEADS AND TRAILS DESCRIPTIONS This section of the Recreation and Trails Plan provides general information about recreation sites, trailheads and trails within the Matanuska River watershed. The descriptions identify location, key features, facilities and amenities, and a basic evaluation of the overall conditions of these recreational resources. The following recreation sites and trailheads are in order by location of Glenn Highway milepost (from south to north). Appendix B contains full size images of all maps from this document, including property ownership maps for all recreation sites and trails. In addition to the maps shown in this document, full size location maps for recreation sites and trails can also be found in Appendix B. Digital copies of the trail locations maps can be found on the CVTC website at the address below. http://www.chickaloon.org/departments/environmental-stewardship/tene-ninicezet-project/teneninicezet-trail-maps Assessments performed included evaluations of the following aspects and characteristics of sites and trails: signage, access and egress, site and environmental conditions, facility and infrastructure conditions, usage restrictions and constraints, and development or improvement constraints.

Methodology The Consultant Team worked in partnership with CVTC staff, State and Federal agencies, local stakeholders, and user groups to inventory and assess recreation sites, trailheads and trails within the study area. This process involved numerous meetings and focus groups, as well as the authorized use of data collected in recently completed reports and plans by entities such as the State of Alaska, Mat-Su Borough, and the locally-based Valley Mountain Bikers and Hikers Association. The site descriptions and assessments that follow are a summary of these evaluations. The maps included in this document were made by Chickaloon Native Village’s Environmental Stewardship GIS Coordinator. For all of the maps, parcel ownership data is from the Matanuska-Susitna Borough Land Parcel Data. Each map documents the data sources. Parcel ownership data displayed on the maps includes all parcels within 500 feet of the identified boundary of the recreation site or trail. All of the trails were mapped with parcel ownership data, many of the recreation sites were mapped with parcel ownership data, and in general trailheads were not mapped (except for Eska Falls Trailhead). Maps were made for the following recreation sites: Premier Mine Recreation Site, Moose Creek Campground, Slipper Lake Recreation Site, Coyote Lake Recreation Site, Kings River Recreation Site, Long Lake State Recreation Site, and Old Man Creek Recreation Site. These recreation sites and Eska Falls Trailhead were mapped because they were priority project areas listed in the section Recommended Recreation Site and Trailhead Improvement Priority Projects.

21

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan

Recreation Site and Trailhead Descriptions Matanuska River Park and Campground Tsitonhna’ nahnedetde (River From Where Trail Comes Out Campsite)

Location: Located on the north side of Arctic Avenue (Old Glenn Highway) in Palmer, just west of the Old Glenn Highway Bridge over the Matanuska River. Key Features: Parking for 50 cars, camping, restroom, pavilions and picnic areas, and trails. Activities include: camping (tent and full RV hook-up), hiking, cross country skiing and playground use. Facilities and Amenities: Developed campground for tents and RV’s, pavilions, improved restrooms, coin operated showers, picnic areas and playground. The restrooms are open year round in the lower park. General Description: Matanuska River Park is a community and regional park owned and managed by the Matanuska-Susitna Borough. The park is located in Palmer and is heavily used by both local residents and visitors. This site has 2.5 miles of single-track trails with maps available through the Matanuska-Susitna Borough. The road system is groomed for cross country skiing in the winter. A Master Plan for this site is currently underway.

22

Site Details Driving Access: 

Located on the north side of Arctic Avenue (Old Glenn Highway) in Palmer, just west of the Old Glenn Highway Bridge over the Matanuska River.

Site and Recreational Access and Conditions:   

Access provided off of the Old Glenn Highway Excellent site conditions Excellent access

Land Manager: Matanuska-Susitna Borough 

This site is actively managed by the Matanuska-Susitna Borough.

Matanuska River Park GPS Coordinates

23

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Lazy Mountain/Morgan Horse Trailhead

Location: Huntley Road, Palmer Key Features: Paved parking for 25+ cars at trailhead Facilities and Amenities: Restrooms, picnic tables, fire pit. General Description: This is a popular trailhead with restrooms and picnic tables. There is plenty of parking for vehicles. A Master Plan for this site is currently underway. Site Details Driving Access: At the southern terminus of Huntley Road; from Palmer- go east on the Old Glenn Highway, 2 1/2 miles from Palmer take a left on Clark-Wolverine Road, proceed 1/2 mile to a “T” intersection, take a right on Huntley Road, follow it to the end, take a right to the Lazy Mountain Recreation Area and trailhead.

Site and Recreational Access and Conditions:   

The paved parking and day use area can accommodate 25+ vehicles. Site and trailhead signage is good. The site has 4 km of groomed cross country ski trails.

Land Manager: Matanuska-Susitna Borough 

This site is actively managed by the Matanuska-Susitna Borough.

24

Lazy Mountain Trail

X

X

X

Morgan Horse Trail

X

X

X

Lazy Moose Trail

X

X

X

Equestrian

Summer

Non-motorized

Winter

Trailhead Information

Motorized

Lazy Mountain/Morgan Horse Trailhead

X

Note: Trail information in the table above reflects recommended uses and optimal seasons for use. Trailhead Access and Conditions:   

Trailhead signage – Yes Restrooms – Yes Site steward – Matanuska-Susitna Borough

Lazy Mountain/Morgan Horse Trailhead GPS Coordinates

25

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Wasilla Creek Headwaters Trailheads

Location: Two trailheads. One is located at the end of Wendt Road, off Palmer Fishhook Road; Glenn Highway milepost 49.5. The other is located at mile 1 on Murphy Road off Buffalo Mine Road; Glenn Highway milepost 53. Key Features: Unpaved parking for up to 5 cars at each trailhead. Facilities and Amenities: None. Quality Condition: Fair General Description: Trailheads are at the end of Wendt Road off Palmer Fishhook Road and on Murphy Road off Buffalo Mine Road. Small unpaved parking lots at both locations. These trailheads have a variety of users year round. Site Details Driving Access: One trailhead: Glenn Highway milepost 49.5; Palmer Fishhook Road approximately mile 6.5; Sun Valley Drive; to the end of Wendt Road. Other trailhead: Glenn Highway milepost 53; Buffalo Mine Road approximately mile 3.0; Murphy Road approximately one mile, on left at 90° right turn on Murphy Road. Site and Trailhead Access and Conditions:    

Both trailheads have limited space for parking and no trail signage. Trail access at Wendt Road is a cul-de-sac. Trailhead on Murphy Road is a small pull off. Trail uses include: Mountain biking, hiking, equestrian, snowshoeing, cross country skiing, snow machining, ATV riding, hunting, and dog mushing.

Routine Maintenance: 

Wendt Road is currently plowed by the Borough RSA

26

X

Wasilla Creek Headwaters Trail (Summer Usage on easement only)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Equestrian

Non-motorized

Moose Range Trails (Winter Only)

Summer

Winter

Trailhead Information

Motorized

Land Manager/Owner: Both trailheads are within the Matanuska Valley Moose Range Management Plan (October 1986), which is co-managed by the Alaska Department of Natural Resources and Alaska Department of Fish and Game.

X

Note: Trail information in the table above reflects recommended uses and optimal seasons for use. Trailhead Access and Conditions:  

Trailhead signage – None Restrooms – None

Site Steward – None

Wasilla Creek Headwaters Trailhead GPS Coordinates

27

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Premier Mine Recreation Site

Location: Glenn Highway milepost 53; Buffalo Mine Road (approximately mile 3.5) access on right. Key Features and Activities: Unpaved parking for more than 50 cars and trailhead access to Baxter Mine and Premier Mine Trails, Wishbone Lake Trail and other connecting trails. Activities include: ATV, hiking, equestrian, OHV driving, white water kayaking, and primitive camping. Facilities and Amenities: None. Quality Condition: Poor General Description: Premier Mine Recreation Site is primarily used as a parking area for motorized trail use and a site for primitive camping. Access to trails from this site predominantly requires crossing Moose Creek, which is a documented salmon stream. In 2014 the Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Habitat issued a one-year general permit authorizing vehicle stream crossings at two sites on Moose Creek; one crossing at Premier Mine Recreation Site and one at approximately mile 6 of Buffalo Mine Road (see http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=uselicense.gpcrossing). There are alternative access points for all trails. There are no amenities on site.

28

Premier Mine Recreation Site Site Details Driving Access: 

At Glenn Highway milepost 53 take Buffalo Mine Road approximately 3.5 miles to the end of the pavement, take right down a steep slope and 180° turn, proceed approximately 0.3 miles to site.

Site and Recreational Access and Conditions:         

The road access from Buffalo Mine Road is in poor condition and is not maintained. The unpaved parking area can accommodate 50+ cars. There is no signage. Moose Creek is located east of the site. All trails immediately cross Moose Creek and there is no bridge. Bridge to cross the creek was removed in 2005. The area is heavily used with considerable litter that can accumulate over time. Improved site infrastructure to provide a creek crossing for motorized trail users would greatly enhance the environmental sustainability of this site. A bridge to facilitate creek crossings has been designed and would cost more than $500,000.

Routine Site Maintenance: None Land Manager/Owner: State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources and the State of Alaska Department of Fish and Game 



29

This site is within the Matanuska Valley Moose Range Management Plan (October 1986) and the land is co-managed by the Alaska Department of Natural Resources and Alaska Department of Fish and Game. There is no active management of the area.

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan

X

X

Premier Mine Trail

X

X

X

Wishbone Lake Trail

X

X

X

Equestrian

Motorized

Baxter Mine Trail

Summer

Winter

Trailhead Information

Non-motorized

Premier Mine Recreation Site

Note: Trail information in the table above reflects recommended uses and optimal seasons for use. Trailhead Access and Conditions:   

Trailhead signage – None Restrooms – None Site Steward – None

Premier Mine Recreation Site GPS Coordinates

30

Moose Creek Campground and Wayside Tsidek’et Na’ nahnedetde (Grandmothers Place Campsite)

Location: Glenn Highway milepost 55.4 Key Features and Activities: Unpaved parking for 15 cars. Camping area with trailhead access to the Moose Creek Branch Railroad Trail. Activities include: camping, hiking, fishing, and white water kayaking. Facilities and Amenities: RV parking and primitive campsites. Summer of 2014 proposed improvements include: vault toilets, pavilions, interpretive walking trail, signage, fire rings, picnic tables and gates. Quality Condition: Fair General Description: The site was maintained and managed by the Alaska Department of Natural Resources State Parks Division until 1995. Chickaloon Village Traditional Council (CVTC) was a volunteer land steward of the site for many years and obtained a site management agreement in 2012. The management authority will allow CVTC to restore site infrastructure to meet the original Division of State Parks plans. Infrastructure improvements will begin in the Spring of 2013 to restore the campground and day use facilities.

31

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Moose Creek Campground and Wayside Site Details Driving Access: 

Located at milepost 55.4 of the Glenn Highway on the north side of the highway.

Site and Recreational Access and Conditions:     

Access is located on a highway curve, so caution needs to be used when entering and exiting the parking lot. The setting is heavily treed and is boarded by Moose Creek. There are several walking trails to the creek as well as upstream and downstream along the creek. Primitive camping and RV parking are frequent uses throughout the summer months. Salmon viewing is common during July and August (note: Chinook salmon fishing is illegal in Moose Creek and the entire Matanuska River watershed.)

Routine Site Maintenance: CVTC has been providing a physical presence, trash collection, and distribution of trash bags to campers, and light maintenance. Land Manager/Owner: State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources 

As of September 2012, CVTC obtained management authority of the site from the Matanuska-Susitna Borough as a pass thru from the State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources.

32

X

Equestrian

X

Non-motorized

Summer

Moose Creek Branch Railroad Trail

Winter

Trailhead Information

Motorized

Moose Creek Campground and Wayside

X

Note: Trail information in the table above reflects recommended uses and optimal seasons for use. Trailhead Access and Conditions:   

Trailhead signage – None Restrooms – None Site Steward – Chickaloon Village Traditional Council

Moose Creek Campground GPS Coordinates

33

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Slipper Lake Recreation Site

Location: Glenn Highway milepost 61; Jonesville Road; unnamed roads to left at end of pavement. Key Features and Activities: Unpaved parking for 1000+ cars and primitive camping area, lake, trailhead access to Eska Creek Falls Trail, Eska Creek Falls Hiking Trail, Wishbone Stripmine Trail, and Seventeen Mile Lake Trail. Activities include: fishing, trail activities, ATV and OHV driving, camping and boating. Facilities and Amenities: Some fire rings, RV Parking, primitive camping. Quality Condition: Poor General Description: Slipper Lake Recreation Site is a previous coal strip mine area that has become a site primarily for RV camping. It is located approximately three miles up Jonesville Road from the Glenn Highway at milepost 61. The site is not officially managed or maintained by any organization or entity. The lake is the most prominent natural feature, with camping sites lining the edges. Sites are not clearly delineated and most lack any tree cover or vegetation. This site is a trailhead for more than one trail supporting diverse uses, including many motorized uses. Currently there is a myriad of spider, or social, trails that fan out from the site with no signage to indicate the proper or correct path for trail users. The parking lot was upgraded by DNR in the summer of 2010 with grading and adding one foot of crushed gravel. The Matanuska-Susitna Borough provided dumpsters and two portable restrooms in the summers of 2010- 2012. In 2012 the trash was piled around the dumpster in such quantities they discontinued providing a dumpster. The two portable restrooms were provided by the Borough in the summers of 2010-2013. Portable restrooms are seasonal and funding dependent.

34

Slipper Lake Recreation Site Site Details Driving Access: 

Glenn Highway milepost 61; Jonesville Road to end of pavement (approximately 2 miles); the first and second left roads are two separate access roads to the site.

Site and Recreational Access and Conditions:     

   

The site is a large, mostly unvegetated open space. Fire rings are located adjacent to Slipper (Eska) Lake. RV campers, ATV riders and OHV drivers heavily use the site throughout the spring, summer and autumn. The access areas along the lake are eroded and heavily used, causing shallow areas due to debris eroding into the lake. The site is used periodically for informal target shooting with firearms creating safety concerns for other visitors. Often visitors will set-up shooting areas randomly in the site with large pieces of litter, including but not limited to old and inoperable appliances and vehicles. The trailheads are located on the north, northeast, and west sides of the site. Portable restrooms are provided on east and west ends of site by the Matanuska-Susitna Borough (annual funding dependent). The area is heavily used with considerable litter and human waste that can accumulate over time. The site has hosted large (1,000+ people), organized, motorized events.

Land Manager/Owner: State of Alaska   

35

There is no active management of this site. The site is within a coal lease through the Alaska Department of Natural Resources Division of Mining, Land and Water. CVTC and the Sutton Community Council have conducted site cleanups in recent years, to reduce the garbage.

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan

Summer

Motorized

Non-motorized

Eska Creek Falls Trail

X

X

X

X

Eska Creek Falls Hiking Trail

X

X

Wishbone Stripmine Trail

X

X

X

X

X

Seventeen Mile Lake Trail

X

X

X

X

X

Trailhead Information

Equestrian

Winter

Slipper Lake Recreation Site

X

Note: Trail information in the table above reflects recommended uses and optimal seasons for use.

Trailhead Access and Conditions:   

Trailhead signage – None Restrooms –portable (summer season and funding dependent) Site Steward – None

Slipper Lake Recreation Site GPS Coordinates

36

Eska Creek Falls Trailhead Ts’es tac’ilaexde Na’ tuu naghit’ aayi utse’ Tene (Where Fish Run Among The Rocks Waterfalls Head Of Trail)

Location: Eska Mine Road, Jonesville Road, Glenn Highway milepost 61 Key Features: Unpaved parking for 2-4 cars. Unmarked and unimproved road/trail. Facilities and Amenities: None. Quality Condition: Poor General Description: The site is a wide area of an unimproved road/trail with space for 2-4 vehicles. Approach is poor and requires a high-clearance vehicle and 4-wheel drive is recommended. Parking area and trailhead are not identified and are easy to mistakenly pass. Road gets considerably worse approximately 100 yards past parking area. Approach and parking area are not suitable for vehicles with trailers. Site Details Driving Access: Glenn Highway mile 61; approximately 3.5 miles on Jonesville Road (which turns into Eska Mine Road); left onto unmarked trail/unimproved road; keep left at significant branches or intersections. Site and Recreational Access and Conditions:   

Poor access and approach; access road needs a lot of improvement, very small turnaround area, no area for trailers; no signage. The site will need maintenance in the next few years to keep slopes from eroding. Some of the trailhead access road is within a coal lease offered by the State of Alaska.

Land Manager/Owner: State of Alaska 

37

There is no active management of the area.

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan

Summer

Motorized

Non-motorized

X

X

X

X

Trailhead Information

Eska Creek Falls Trail Eska Creek Falls Hiking Trail

X

Equestrian

Winter

Eska Creek Falls Trailhead

X

Note: Trail information in the table above reflects recommended uses and optimal seasons for use.

Trailhead Access and Conditions:   

Trailhead signage – None Restrooms – None Site steward – None

Eska Creek Falls Trailhead GPS Coordinates

38

Coyote Lake Recreation Site

Location: Eska Mine Road, Jonesville Road, Glenn Highway milepost 61 Key Features and Activities: Unpaved parking for 20-30 cars with primitive day use, lake, trailhead access to Eska Creek Falls Trail and Eska Creek Falls Hiking Trail. Activities include camping and swimming. Facilities and Amenities: Limited signage, pavilion, primitive beach Quality Condition: Poor General Description: Coyote Lake Recreation Site is located approximately 3.9 miles down Jonesville Road from the Glenn Highway at milepost 61. The site is owned by the Matanuska-Susitna Borough, but active management of the site terminated in the 1990’s. Formerly a coal mine, the site’s most prominent features is the lake, with many fossils embedded in its steep gravel and conglomerate rock sides on its northern boundary. The access areas along the southern edge of the lake are highly eroded and heavily trafficked, likely causing a shallowing effect due to debris eroding into the lake. Other exposed surfaces have a high erosion potential with obvious drainage patterns leading to the lake where they form a visible delta. This site could be an excellent trailhead for more than one trail, supporting diverse uses including motorized uses. Currently there is a myriad of social trails that fan out from the site with no signage to indicate the proper or correct path for trail users. The site offers unique opportunities for historic, natural and cultural educational programs that could include protection of the site resources.

39

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Coyote Lake Recreation Site Site Details Driving Access: 

Glenn Highway milepost 61, approximately mile 3.9 on Jonesville Road which turns into Eska Mine Road. Stay straight on Jonesville Road (which becomes Eska Mine Road) and follow road to end at Coyote Lake Recreations Site.

Site and Recreational Access and Conditions: 



  

The former restroom has been heavily vandalized and is no longer usable or salvageable. The picnic pavilion also shows heavy vandalism but could be salvaged if the project is undertaken within the next few years. Jonesville Road up to the residential area (approximately mile 3.0) is in good condition, but deteriorates quickly as you drive further towards Coyote Lake. The road within ½ mile of Coyote Lake is potentially impassable when wet in the spring months due to clay tailings, erosion, and lack of maintenance. The access road is closed through the winter. The picnic, camping and parking areas are in poor condition due to unmanaged traffic and vandalism. There is minimal vegetation or ground cover. The trailhead is located on the north and northeast sides of the site. The area is heavily used with considerable litter and human waste that can accumulate over time.

Land Manager: Matanuska-Susitna Borough 

There is no active management of the site. Area needs active management and would need an on-site host present for infrastructure improvements to be successful.

40

Eska Creek Falls Hiking Trail

X

X X

X

Equestrian

Summer

Winter Eska Creek Falls Trail

Motorized

Trailhead Information

Non-motorized

Coyote Lake Recreation Site

X X

Note: Trail information in the table above reflects recommended uses and optimal seasons for use.

Trailhead Access and Conditions:   

Trailhead signage – None Restrooms - None Site steward – None

Coyote Lake Recreation Site GPS Coordinates

41

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Kings River Recreation Site Staet Na’ nahnedetde (Wide River Campsite)

Location: Glenn Highway milepost 66 Key Features and Activities: Unpaved parking for 30+ vehicles and primitive camping area, trailhead access to Kings River Trail, Young Creek Trail and Ruby Lake for trout fishing, and access to Kings River and Matanuska River for the recreational paddler. Activities include: camping, rafting and trail activities. Facilities and Amenities: Paved day-use parking Quality Condition: Fair General Description: Kings River Recreation Site is a popular destination for both day-users and overnight guests that are seeking to access trails from this location, or the Matanuska River. The site is located on Alaska Department of Transportation lands however the recreational use here is not actively managed. Kings River Recreation Site is expansive and includes areas on both the east and west sides of the Glenn Highway, as well as both north and south sides of the Kings River near its confluence with the Matanuska River. This site is used heavily for camping and parking for trail users (predominantly motorized uses) accessing the Kings River and Young Creek Trails. There is also extensive use of this site as a river access point for take outs or put ins on the Matanuska River. There are no utilities (electricity, water, or wastewater), restrooms, trash cans or other amenities to support site usage.

42

Kings River Recreation Site

Site Details Driving Access: 

Located at milepost 66 of the Glenn Highway.

Site and Recreational Access and Conditions:   



  

The parking and primitive camping area is gravel-surfaced and in fair condition. The site lacks signage. Kings River Recreation Site spans under the highway bridge to include both sides of the Glenn Highway on the north side of Kings River, and also includes a large gravel parking/camping area on the east side of the Glenn Highway on the south side of Kings River. The trailhead is located on the north side of Kings River. This creates a legal challenge in which motorized trail users that park and camp in the south side of Kings River are forced to either illegally drive their machines across the Glenn Highway Bridge or illegally cross Kings River, an anadromous stream (unless they are a stream-crossing permit holder). Potential conflicts exist between highway vehicles, recreation vehicles and pedestrian traffic crossing the highway or walking across the Glenn Highway Bridge. Other conflicts exist in the recreation site, near the bridge, due to the curvature of the roadway limiting visibility of RVs and vehicles entering or leaving the Glenn Highway. The area is heavily used with considerable litter and human waste that can accumulate over time.

Land Manager: State of Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities 

43

There is no active management of the site.

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan

Summer

Motorized

Non-motorized

Kings River Trail

X

X

X

X

Young Creek Trail

X

X

X

X

Trailhead Information

Equestrian

Winter

Kings River Recreation Site

Note: Trail information in the table above reflects recommended uses and optimal seasons for use. Trailhead Access and Conditions:   

Trailhead signage – None Restrooms – None Site steward – None

Kings River Recreation Site GPS Coordinates

44

Permanente Trailhead

Location: Glenn Highway milepost 72 Key Features: Unpaved parking for 5-7 cars and trailhead for the Permanente and Kings River Trails. Facilities and Amenities: None Quality Condition: Fair General Description: Permanente Trailhead is a popular access point for motorized trail users of Permanente and Kings River Trails. The trailhead consists of an unmarked pullout on the side of and within the right of way of the Glenn Highway. At times trash cans have been provided by a private landowner to manage litter. Site Details Driving Access: 

Located at milepost 72 of the Glenn Highway on north side of highway

Site and Recreational Access and Conditions:   

The unpaved parking area is in poor to fair condition. There is no highway or site signage. It may be difficult for users to determine the legal access trails from the private drives. There is minimal public access parking and a lot of use has occurred on private property. The beginning of the trail is on a section line between two private properties.

Land Manager: State of Alaska Department of Transportation and Alaska Department of Natural Resources 

45

There is no active management of this site.

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan

Winter

Summer

Motorized

Non-motorized

Equestrian

Permanente Trailhead

Permanente Trail

X

X

X

X

X

Kings River Trail

X

X

X

X

Trailhead Information

Note: Trail information in the table above reflects recommended uses and optimal seasons for use. Trailhead Access and Conditions:   

Trailhead signage – none Restrooms – none Site steward – none

Permanente Trailhead GPS Coordinates

46

King Mountain State Recreation Site Bestl’e’ts dghilaay nahnedetde (Black Stone Mountain Campsite)

Location: Glenn Highway milepost 76 Key Features and Activities: Unpaved parking for 30+ cars, camping area, picnic area, river access. Activities include: camping and rafting. Facilities and Amenities: Improved campsites, picnic pavilion, and restrooms. Quality Condition: Excellent General Description: King Mountain State Recreation Site is located along the Glenn Highway at milepost 76, and is a 20-acre site. It features great access to the Matanuska River for recreational kayaking, canoeing, and rafting. There are 24 campsites, a picnic pavilion, and restrooms. Alaska State Parks manages this site through a private concessionaire that also manages other state recreation sites in the region. The park is well maintained and clean, with facilities that are in overall good condition.

47

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan King Mountain State Recreation Site

Site Details Driving Access: 

Located at milepost 76 of the Glenn Highway on the south side of the highway.

Site and Recreational Access and Conditions:    

The parking and roadways are unpaved and in good condition. Fees are required for daily entrance, picnicking or camping. The 24 campsites are in excellent condition, as are the two restrooms. The picnic pavilion is aged and in good working condition. King Mountain State Recreation site features access to the Matanuska River for recreational paddling. The site is located in the community of Chickaloon, with easy access to a local restaurant and tavern, cabins for rent, and guide services.

Land Manager: State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources State Parks Division 

The State of Alaska manages this site through a contracted concessionaire.

King Mountain State Recreation Site GPS Coordinates

48

Bonnie Lake State Recreation Site

Location: Bonnie Lakes Road, Glenn Highway milepost 83 Key Features and Activities: Unpaved parking for 20 cars, lake and picnic area. Activities include: fishing, boating and rock climbing. Facilities and Amenities: Unpaved boat ramp, fishing pier, restroom Quality Condition: Fair General Description: Bonnie Lake is located approximately two miles down the unpaved Bonnie Lakes Road from the Glenn Highway, at milepost 83. This scenic lake features fishing and boating opportunities, as well as picnicking, wildlife viewing and photography. Arctic Grayling and Rainbow Trout are popular fish in the lake for anglers. Private land ownership extends all the way around the lake except for the recreation site and there are several private residences across the lake. Bonnie Lakes Road is narrow, unpaved, and features a couple of sharp turns. Vehicles with trailers are urged to use extreme caution while driving on this road. Also, overnight camping and the use of jet skis are not permitted at this site.

49

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Bonnie Lake State Recreation Site

Site Details Driving Access: 

Located 1.8 miles down Bonnie Lakes Road at milepost 83 of the Glenn Highway on the north side of the highway.

Site and Recreational Access and Conditions:        

Bonnie Lakes Road is narrow and unpaved, and in fair condition. Vehicles with trailers are urged to use extreme caution while driving on this road The parking area at the recreation site is large enough for 15 - 20 vehicles, and sufficient for vehicles with trailers to turn around. There are areas along Bonnie Lakes Road that are used for rock climbing. Access to the lake is on a steep bank with exposed soil that needs stabilization to minimize erosion and siltation issues with the lake. Motorized boats are allowed on Bonnie Lake, with the exception of jet skis and personal watercraft. The use of aircraft is allowed on the lake, except for the purpose of practice landings. The fishing pier is in working condition, but in need of minor repairs due to heavy use and exposure to the elements. The pit toilet is working, but in poor condition and needs to be repaired or replaced.

Land Manager: State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources State Parks Division (site); State of Alaska Department of Fish and Game (lake) 

There is no active management of this site.

Bonnie Lake State Recreation Site GPS Coordinates

50

Long Lake State Recreation Site K’ay’delghots’ bene’ nahnedetde (Willow Gap Lake Campsite)

Location: Glenn Highway milepost 85 Key Features and Activities: Unpaved parking for 12 cars and lake access, picnic area, and popular fishing/ice fishing area. Activities include: fishing and boating Facilities and Amenities: Boat launch area (not an improved boat ramp) Quality Condition: Fair General Description: Long Lake State Recreation Site is located along the Glenn Highway at milepost 85, and is a small scenic parking area for fishing and picnicking. Long Lake is a narrow, deep, clear lake that covers 74 surface acres. Fishing is allowed year round and includes Rainbow Trout, Greyling, Arctic Char and Burbot. Rainbow Trout and Arctic Char have been recently stocked in Long Lake by Alaska Department of Fish and Game, with planned stockings also to occur in 2014 and 2015. Alaska State Parks has developed a master plan to guide redevelopment of Long Lake State Recreation Site to include improved amenities and a camping area, but is awaiting potential realignment of the Glenn Highway to proceed.

51

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Long Lake State Recreation Site

Site Details Driving Access: 

Located at milepost 85 of the Glenn Highway on the south side of the highway.

Site and Recreational Access and Conditions: 

   

The parking area of the site is gravel-surfaced, and nothing more than a large pull-off from Glenn Highway. The parking area is in fair condition, with considerable litter and waste, both animal and human. A covered notice board/kiosk is located between the two entrances. Site uses have eroded vegetation and created a maze of foot trails through the site. There is no established picnic or camping area, however these activities could be supported at this site. Motorized boats are allowed on Long Lake, with the exception of jet skis and personal watercraft. The use of aircraft is allowed on the lake, except for the purpose of practice landings.

Land Manager: State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources State Parks Division (site); State of Alaska Department of Fish and Game (lake) 

There is no active management of this site.

Long Lake State Recreation Site GPS Coordinates

52

Purinton Creek Trailhead

Location: Glenn Highway approximately milepost 91 Key Features: Unpaved parking for 20+ cars and trailers at trailhead. Facilities and Amenities: None. Quality Condition: Fair General Description: The trailhead is among the most heavily used for motorized trail use in the Matanuska River watershed. The trailhead consists of a marked and unpaved pullout along the north side of the Glenn Highway.

Site Details Driving Access: 

Located at approximately milepost 91 of Glenn highway on the north side of highway

Site and Recreational Access and Conditions:   

The parking area is in good condition. There is no highway signage. Parking area gets congested during moose hunting season.

Land Manager: Alaska Department of Transportation 

53

There is no active management of this site.

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan

Winter

Summer

Motorized

Non-motorized

Equestrian

Purinton Creek Trailhead

Purinton Creek Trail

X

X

X

X

X

Boulder Creek Trail

X

X

X

X

X

Trailhead Information

Note: Trail information in the table above reflects recommended uses and optimal seasons for use. Trailhead Access and Conditions:   

Trailhead signage – None Restrooms – None Site steward – None

Purinton Creek Trailhead GPS Coordinates

54

Index Lake Trailhead

Location: Glenn Highway approximately milepost 96 Key Features: Paved parking for 5-7 cars Facilities and Amenities: None Quality Condition: Good General Description: The trailhead is identified by small highway signage, and is a small paved parking area on the north side of the Glenn Highway.

Site Details Driving Access: 

Located at approximately milepost 96 of Glenn Highway on the north side of the highway

Site and Recreational Access and Conditions: 

The parking area is in excellent condition, and there is highway signage.

Land Manager: State of Alaska Department of Transportation 

55

There is no active management of this site.

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan

Winter

Summer

Motorized

Non-motorized

Equestrian

Index Lake Trailhead

X

X

X

X

X

Trailhead Information

Index Lake

Note: Trail information in the table above reflects recommended uses and optimal seasons for use. Trailhead Access and Conditions:   

Trailhead signage – none Restrooms – none Site steward – none

Index Lake Trailhead GPS Coordinates

56

Hicks Creek (Pinochle Creek) Trailhead Hdghel Na’ utse’ tene

Location: Glenn Highway milepost 99 Key Features: Paved parking for 15+ vehicles and trailers Facilities and Amenities: None Quality Condition: Good General Description: The trailhead consists of a paved pullout along the north side of the Glenn Highway, and offers spectacular vistas of the Matanuska Glacier. The parking area is in excellent condition, but the trail is not marked and can be difficult to find. Actual trail starts approximately ½ mile up Pinochle Lane’s northeast end. Site Details Driving Access: 

Located at milepost 99 of Glenn Highway on the north side of the highway

Site and Recreational Access and Conditions: 

The parking area is in excellent shape, but there is no signage designating the trailhead.

Land Manager: State of Alaska Department of Transportation 

57

There is no active management of this site

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan

Motorized

Non-motorized

X

X

X

Winter

Trailhead Information

Hicks Creek Trail

Equestrian

Summer

Hicks Creek (Pinochle Creek )Trailhead

Note: Trail information in the table above reflects recommended uses and optimal seasons for use. Trailhead Access and Conditions:    

Parking – paved, large (15+ cars) Trailhead signage – none Restrooms – none Site steward – none

Hicks Creek Trailhead GPS Coordinates

58

Matanuska Glacier State Recreation Site

Location: Glenn Highway milepost 101 Key Features and Activities: Paved parking for 50+ cars and view of Matanuska Glacier, camping and picnic areas. Activities include: camping, hiking, 1 mile interpretative trail, picnicking and scenic photography. Facilities and Amenities: Campground, picnic sites, cabin, interpretive exhibits, and glacier viewing area, restrooms, & nature trail. Quality Condition: Excellent General Description: Matanuska Glacier State Recreation Site is a heavily visited recreation site in the Matanuska River watershed, largely due to the scenic view of the Matanuska Glacier coupled with quality day use and camping amenities. The site is located along the Glenn Highway at mile marker 101, and is managed by the Alaska Department of Natural Resources Division of Parks and Recreation through a private concessionaire. Matanuska Glacier State Recreation Site is approximately 229 acres and features great views of the glacier, but no direct glacier access. There are numerous guide services in the area for glacier treks, guided hunting and fishing, river rafting and kayaking, and jet boat tours for park users and guests to enjoy. Access to the site is free, but there is a daily camping fee for those staying overnight in either the campsites or the cabin. The site also provides a quality rest stop for travelers on the Glenn Highway, featuring restrooms, ample parking, easy access and egress from the roadway, and multiple picnic areas.

59

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Matanuska Glacier State Recreation Site

Site Details Driving Access: 

Located at milepost 101 of the Glenn Highway on the south side of the highway.

Site and Recreational Access and Conditions: 

     

The camping area is small with only six (6) sites, but well maintained. There is a single rental cabin that is in excellent condition, and offers a private retreat and view of the glacier. The interpretive exhibits and pavilion are in excellent condition providing comfort and insightful information. There is a short natural-surface trail in good condition that leads to a vantage point from which to view the glacier. Upgrades to safety features are needed along the edge of the paved area in to some of the more heavily used display components. The restrooms and picnic area are in excellent physical condition. The road and parking areas are in excellent condition. This site informally serves as a trailhead for Dan Creek Trail, which connects to Caribou Creek Trail north of the Glenn Highway.

Land Manager: State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources Division of Parks and Recreation 

Active management is provided through a contracted concessionaire.

Matanuska Glacier State Recreation Site GPS Coordinates

60

Matanuska Glacier Park Tsitonhna’ Luu’den (River From Where Trail Comes Out Trail Area)

Location: Glenn Highway milepost 102 Key Features and Activities: Unpaved parking for 100+ cars with an entrance fee, access to Matanuska Glacier, camping and picnic areas, access to Matanuska River. Activities include: camping, ice climbing and glacier trekking. Facilities and Amenities: Campground, picnic area, glacier access trail, restrooms, gift shop Quality Condition: Good General Description: Matanuska Glacier Park is a private property managed by a third party in a longterm lease with the landowner. The park is approximately 800 acres and features the closest and most developed access site to the Matanuska Glacier. Many other guide services in the area utilize the Matanuska Glacier Park for access with their tour groups. There are daily entrance fees, camping fees and guided programs fees. The souvenir shop provides a mix of Alaska Native art and sculptures, as well as traditional souvenirs for travelers. Hunting guide services and flight-see services are also available at Matanuska Glacier Park.

61

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Matanuska Glacier Park

Site Details Driving Access: 

Located at milepost 102 of the Glenn Highway on the south side of the highway.

Site and Recreational Access and Conditions:  



The road, parking area and camping area is gravel-surfaced and in fair to good condition. Park users are directed to stay along the roadway, in the parking and camping areas, and within the glacier and river areas. There are numerous facilities on the property that support the park operators as it is their place of residence, including storage and maintenance barns, airstrip, and a private residence. The number and diversity of guided programs provided by the park operators has grown over the last few years.

Land Manager: Matanuska Glacier Park 

Active management is provided by the private lease-holder of the property.

Matanuska Glacier Park GPS Coordinates

62

Caribou Creek Recreational Mining Area

Location: Glenn Highway milepost 106 Key Features and Activities: Unpaved parking for 5+ cars and multiple campsites, access to Caribou Creek and Matanuska River, gold panning area. Primary activities are gold panning and picnicking. Facilities and Amenities: Picnic sites, trash cans Quality Condition: Excellent General Description: Caribou Creek Recreational Mining Site (CCRMS) is managed by the Alaska Department of Natural Resources (DNR), Division of Mining, Land and Water. The CCRMS is located at the confluence of Caribou Creek and the Matanuska River, and features a steep access trail down to Caribou Creek from the parking and picnic areas. From Caribou Creek, visitors can access the Matanuska River approximately 500 yards downstream. This site is most commonly used for picnicking and gold panning. There is a separate popular river access site on Caribou Creek, a few hundred yards upstream from this site that is utilized by individual recreationalists and guide services. The river access site has separate road access from the Glenn Highway northeast of the recreational mining area and on the east side of the Caribou Creek Bridge.

63

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Caribou Creek Recreational Mining Area

Site Details Driving Access: 

Located at milepost 106 of the Glenn Highway on the east side of the highway.

Site and Recreational Access and Conditions:      

The access road and parking area are gravel-surfaced and in good condition. There is limited sight distance when pulling out onto the Glenn Highway when leaving the site. The picnic and parking area are in good condition with sufficient tables and trash receptacles. The trail to the creek is steep with erosion issues developing and there is no signage. The river frontage is scenic and used for gold panning. Gold pans and hand shovels are allowed in the recreational area year round. There are no restrooms.

Land Manager: State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources 

Active management is provided by the State of Alaska.

Caribou Creek Recreational Mining Area GPS Coordinates

64

Caribou Creek Trailhead Nataghilen Na’ utse’ tene (River Where Water Flows Down Head Of Trail)

Location: Glenn Highway milepost 107 Key Features: Unpaved parking for 15+ cars Facilities and Amenities: None. Quality Condition: Excellent General Description: This is a large parking area on the north side of the Glenn Highway below the Caribou Creek Bridge. This trailhead is frequently used by trail users and winter ice climbers seeking access to climbing venues up Caribou Creek.

Site Details Driving Access: 

Located at approximately milepost 107 of the Glenn Highway on the east side of the Caribou creek bridge and north side of the Glenn Highway

Site and Recreational Access and Conditions: 

The parking area is in excellent condition and easily accessible and below the bridge

Land Manager: State of Alaska Department of Transportation

65

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan

X

Equestrian

X

Non-motorized

Summer

Caribou Creek Trail

Winter

Trailhead Information

Motorized

Caribou Creek Trailhead

X

Note: Trail information in the table above reflects recommended uses and optimal seasons for use. Trailhead Access and Conditions:   

Trailhead signage – None Restrooms – None Site steward – None

Caribou Creek Trailhead GPS Coordinates

66

Sheep Mountain Lodge Trailhead Beznae dghilaay utse’ tene (Sheep Mountain Head Of The Trail)

Location: Glenn Highway milepost 113 Key Features: Unpaved parking for 15+ cars and lodging, dining, and access to non-motorized trails. Facilities and Amenities: Lodge, cabins, bunkhouse, restaurant, trailhead, restrooms Quality Condition: Excellent General Description: Sheep Mountain Lodge is located at milepost 113 on the Glenn Highway as serves as a public trailhead for high quality non-motorized winter trails. There are over 12 miles of trails that are managed, cleared and groomed for hiking, Mountain biking, snowshoeing, and cross country skiing. Trail names include: Roller Coaster, Cruiser, Squirrel, Corkscrew, Serpentine, and Thriller. Guided hikes and trail programs are available. The lodge provides a variety of accommodations from private cabins to a group bunkhouse. The restaurant is open from May through September each year and is popular with motorists.

67

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Sheep Mountain Lodge Trailhead Site Details Driving Access: 

Located at approximately mile 113.5 of the Glenn Highway on the north side of the highway

Site and Recreational Access and Conditions: 

The parking area supporting the lodge and trailhead is in excellent condition, with visible site and highway signage.

Land Manager: Sheep Mountain Lodge 

Sheep Mountain Lodge manages the trailhead and trails accessed from this site.

Sheep Mountain Lodge Trailhead GPS Coordinates

68

Camp Creek Trailhead Nahnedetde c’ena’ utse’ tene (Campsite Creek Head Of The Trail)

Location: Glenn Highway milepost 117 Key Features: Paved parking for 10+ vehicles at trailhead Facilities and Amenities: None Quality Condition: Good General Description: The trailhead is identified by highway signage that is large. The trailhead is a paved pullout on the southeast side of the Glenn Highway that is used as a parking area for snow machining and is also popular as a vehicle rest stop.

Site Details Driving Access: 

Located at approximately mile 117 of the Glenn Highway on the south side of the highway.

Site and Recreational Access and Conditions:   

The parking area is excellent, but there is no trail signage designating the location of the trail from the parking area. The lack of restrooms and trash receptacles has led to significant litter and human waste. Camp Creek Trail predominantly allows only non-motorized use, with the only authorized motorized use of this trail being with snow machines in the winter.

Land Manager: State of Alaska Department of Transportation 

69

In the winter the site is plowed, but there is no other site management.

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan

Summer

Motorized

Non-motorized

X

X

*

X

Trailhead Information

Camp Creek Trail

Equestrian

Winter

Camp Creek Trailhead

Note: Trail information in the table above reflects recommended uses and optimal seasons for use. *Snow machining only Trailhead Access and Conditions:   

Trailhead signage – None Restrooms – None Site steward – None

Camp Creek Trailhead GPS Coordinates

70

Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trailhead

Location: Glenn Highway milepost 118 Key Features: Paved parking for 15+ cars at trailhead, bird watching, mountain vistas Facilities and Amenities: Picnic area, viewing area, interpretive exhibits, restrooms, parking Quality Condition: Excellent General Description: This trailhead is highly developed and well maintained. It is identified by highway signage that is large. It has a large paved parking area on the north side of the Glenn Highway. Other amenities include restrooms, trash receptacles, picnic area, interpretive signs, benches, and scenic overlook. This site is frequently used as a rest stop for travelers on the Glenn Highway. This site has been popular for bird watching during the migration periods of raptors, and has been proposed as a location for a future tourism “gateway” facility into the Matanuska River watershed by the Mat-Su Convention and Visitors Bureau. Site Details Driving Access: 

Located at approximately mile 118 of the Glenn Highway on the north side of the highway.

Site and Recreational Access and Conditions:   

The parking area is excellent and well-marked. The picnic area, viewing area, and interpretive exhibits are all in excellent condition and well maintained. The restrooms are in good condition.

Land Manager: State of Alaska Department of Transportation 

71

There is consistent site management

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan

X

X

Gunsight Mountain Hiking Trail

X

Equestrian

Motorized

Gunsight Mountain Trail

Winter

Summer

Trailhead Information

Non-motorized

Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trailhead

X

Tahetna Pass Trail

X

X

X

X

Squaw Creek Trail

X

X

X

X

Trail Lake

X

X

X

X

East Fork Trail

X

X

X

Goober Lake Trail

X

X

Note: Trail information in the table above reflects recommended uses and optimal seasons for use. Trailhead Access and Conditions:   

Trailhead signage – None Restrooms – Yes Site steward – State of Alaska Department of Transportation

Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trailhead GPS Coordinates

72

Tahneta Pass Trailhead Xelt’aats’l Na’ utse’ tene (Water Lily Creek Head Of The Trail)

Location: Glenn Highway milepost 121 Key Features: Unpaved parking for up to 5 vehicles Facilities and Amenities: None Quality Condition: Poor General Description: The trailhead is identified by highway signage, a small pullout on the northwest side of the Glenn Highway, and is limited by its small size.

Site Details Driving Access: 

Located at approximately at mile 121.5 of the Glenn Highway on the north side of the highway

Site and Recreational Access and Conditions:  

The parking area is very small. The trail location is not marked from the trailhead.

Land Manager: State of Alaska Department of Transportation 

73

There is no active management of this site.

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan

Winter

Summer

Motorized

Non-motorized

Equestrian

Tahneta Pass Trailhead

X

X

X

X

X

Trailhead Information

Tahneta Pass Trail

Note: Trail information in the table above reflects recommended uses and optimal seasons for use. Trailhead Access and Conditions:   

Trailhead signage – None Restrooms – None Site steward – None

Tahneta Pass Trailhead GPS Coordinates

74

Belanger Pass Trailhead

Location: Glenn Highway milepost 123 Key Features: Unpaved parking for up to 5 cars Facilities and Amenities: None Quality Condition: Poor General Description: The trailhead is identified by highway signage, is a small pullout on the north side of the Glenn Highway, and is limited by size. Often, trail users will go further in on the trail to park and/or camp. There are potential conflicts with private landowners in the vicinity of the trailhead as there is no clear designation of public access and private lands. There is limited trailhead/trail signage. Site Details Driving Access: 

Located at approximately milepost 123 on the north side of the Glenn Highway

Site and Recreational Access and Conditions:  

The official parking area is small with limited space to turn vehicles. Lack of signage indicating the public trailhead parking area leads to most users parking and camping further down the road near private property.

Land Manager: State of Alaska Department of Transportation 

75

There is no active management of this site.

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan

Winter

Summer

Motorized

Non-motorized

Equestrian

Belanger Pass Trailhead

Belanger Pass Trail

X

X

X

X

X

Alfred Creek Trail

X

X

X

X

X

Squaw Creek Trail

X

X

X

X

Crooked Creek Trail

X

X

X

Trailhead Information

Note: Trail information in the table above reflects recommended uses and optimal seasons for use. Trailhead Access and Conditions:   

Trailhead signage –Limited Restrooms – None Site steward – None

Belanger Pass Trailhead GPS Coordinates

76

Nelchina River Trailhead Neltsii Na’ utse tene (Stream That Is Yellow Head Of The Trail)

Location: Glenn Highway milepost 127 Key Features: Unpaved parking for 15+ vehicles and primitive camping. Facilities and Amenities: None Quality Condition: Fair General Description: The trailhead is identified by small highway signage, and is a large unpaved parking area on the south side of the Glenn Highway. There are several fire rings in the parking area, but no clearly delineated camping sites. The trailhead is popular for many types of trail uses, including hiking, Mountain biking, equestrian use, and most forms of motorized uses. Site Details Driving Access: 

Located at approximately mile 127 of the Glenn Highway on the south side of the highway.

Site and Recreational Access and Conditions:  

The unpaved parking and camping area is large, but does not feature any designated camping sites. The area is in good condition. Trailhead signage is present but heavily deteriorated and falling down.

Land Manager: State of Alaska Department of Transportation 

77

There is no active management of this site.

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan

Winter

Summer

Motorized

Non-motorized

Equestrian

Nelchina River Trailhead

X

X

X

X

X

Trailhead Information

Nelchina River Trail

Note: Trail information in the table above reflects recommended uses and optimal seasons for use. Trailhead Access and Conditions:   

Trailhead signage – Limited Restrooms – None Site steward – None

Nelchina River Trailhead GPS Coordinates

78

Old Man Creek Trailhead Una’ cenaetsdildeti Na’ utse’ tene (Its Creek The One We Move Down Upon Head Of The Trail)

Location: Glenn Highway milepost 130 Key Features: Unpaved parking for 25+ cars at trailhead and camping Facilities and Amenities: None Quality Condition: Poor General Description: The trailhead is large and marked with small highway signage. This is a popular trailhead and staging area for hunters in the fall. There is no site signage indicating trail locations. It is a large unpaved parking/camping area is on the north side of the Glenn Highway and features no delineated camping or parking sites. The heavy usage of this site and lack of facilities has led to the parking/camping area accumulating litter and human waste.. Site Details Driving Access: 

Located at approximately milepost 130 of the Glenn Highway on the north side of the highway.

Site and Recreational Access and Conditions:   

The unpaved parking and camping area is large, but does not feature any designated camping sites. The area is generally in good condition except for litter and human waste in the immediate vicinity. Improvement to the parking and camping area, could improve the sustainability of this site and the visitor experience.

Land Manager: State of Alaska Department of Transportation 

79

There is no active management of this site.

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan

Summer

Motorized

Non-motorized

X

X

X

X

Trailhead Information

Old Man Creek Trail

Equestrian

Winter

Old Man Creek Trailhead

Note: Trail information in the table above reflects recommended uses and optimal seasons for use. Trailhead Access and Conditions:   

Trailhead signage – None Restrooms – None Site steward – None

Old Man Creek Trailhead GPS Coordinates

80

Trail Descriptions The trail descriptions on the following pages pertain to those trails within the Matanuska River watershed study area that have been identified in either the Matanuska-Susitna Borough Recreational Trails Plan (2008), the recently completed State of the Trails Report (2012) by Valley Mountain Bikers and Hikers Association, or are known to exist as identified by stakeholders or project team members. There are a small number of trails that have been identified in prior publications and plans that are not included in these descriptions due to legal issues over access or some other deterrent for public use. The trails are identified in alphabetical order followed by the trail descriptions. The trail descriptions featured in this plan are intended to be a useful resource for trail users, land owners, and public land management agencies. Below are the major aspects of these descriptions:         

Primary and other uses were identified through assessments and public input. Seasonal uses are those in which the trail is accessible and/or most commonly used Length and profile graphs are provided to give trail users objective factors in which to determine the difficulty of the trail based on their intended type of use and experience level. The general description is a snapshot of the predominant characteristics of each trail. Legal status refers to whether the trail is legally dedicated or is located on land that is legal for public access/transect. Trail Assessment Template and Example can be found in Appendix A. Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B. Land Ownership of Recreation Sites and Recommended Site Plans can be found in Appendix C. Trail Location Maps are also available on the CVTC Website (www.chickaloon.org).

Eska Creek Falls Trail

81

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Alfred Creek Trail Tsedghaazi Na’ tene (Rough Rock Creek Trail) Trailhead location(s): Squaw Creek/Belanger Pass and Belanger Pass Trailheads Primary uses: ATV/OHV/Snow machining Other uses: Mountain biking/Equestrian Length: 8 miles Legal status: Entire length

Alfred Creek Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: Multi-use year round trail that is accessible from Belanger Pass Trail and Caribou Creek Trail. Alfred Creek Trail is considered part of the historic Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trail and has a RS2477 designation. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

82

Baxter Mine Trail Trailhead location(s): Premier Mine Recreation Site and Trailhead Primary uses: ATV Other uses: Snow machining/Hiking Length: 2 miles Legal status: Entire Length

Baxter Mine Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: Multi-use year round trail located in the Matanuska Valley Moose Range and accessible from Buffalo Mine Road. The trail has been surveyed and a public recreation trail easement requested from the State of Alaska. The bridge crossing Moose Creek was removed in 2005. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

83

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Bear Ridge Trail Trailhead location(s): Access through private property Primary uses: Hiking/Equestrian Other uses: None Length: 2.1 miles Legal status: Located on state land, no easement at this time.

Bear Ridge Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: A steep hiking and horseback riding trail used primarily in summer that leads to lower Arkose Ridge from the Buffalo Mine Road area. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

84

Belanger Pass Trail Trailhead location(s): Squaw Creek/Belanger Pass and Belanger Pass Trailheads Primary uses: ATV/OHV/Snow machining Other uses: Mountain biking/Equestrian Length: 7.7 miles Legal status: Entire length

Belanger Pass Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: Multi-use year round trail that provides access to a residential area and mining claims in the Talkeetna Mountains then continues on to the old mining area along Alfred Creek. This trail has a RS2477 designation. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

85

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Camp Creek Trail Nahnedetde c’ena’ tene (Campsite Creek Trail) Trailhead location(s): Camp Creek Trailhead Primary uses: Hiking/Mountain biking/Snow machining Other uses: None Length: 0.2 miles Legal status: ADL Applied for

Camp Creek Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: A year round hiking trail that leads south from the Glenn Highway to the canyon walls above the Matanuska River. A small wayside on the south side of the highway provides off highway parking. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

86

Caribou Creek Trail Nataghilen Na’ tene (River Where Water Flows Down Trail) Trailhead location(s): Caribou Creek Trailhead Primary uses: Hiking Other uses: Snowshoeing/Cross Country Skiing/Winter Mountain biking Length: 26.6 miles Legal status: Entire length

Caribou Creek Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: Multi-use year round trail that begins near the bridge crossing on the Glenn Highway and heads north alongside the river to the headwaters and Chitina Pass, where it connects with Boulder Creek Trail. Part of the historic Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trail. This trail has a RS2477 designation. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

87

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trail Trailhead location(s): Multiple trailheads located on the north side of Glenn Highway between mile markers 90 and 130 Primary uses: ATV/OHV Other uses: Hiking/Mountain biking/Equestrian Length: 110.1 miles

Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trail Weblink to PDF Map

Legal status: Partial length General description: Multi-use year round trail that was historically utilized as an Alaskan Native trade route between the old Nelchina Township and Knik Township prior to the 20th Century. Later the trail was used to access mining claims in the Nelchina District from Chickaloon. Parts of the trail have a RS2477 designation. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

88

Chickaloon Trail Trailhead location: Kings River Trailhead Primary uses: ATV/OHV Other uses: Hiking Length: 13.9 miles Legal status: Partial length

Chickaloon Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: Multi-use primitive trail that runs east-west between Kings River and Chickaloon River, it is part of the historic Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trail and has a RS2477 designation. This trail crosses private lands, and has no trailhead. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Chickaloon River Trail Nay’dini’aa Na’ tene (Log That Crosses The River Trail) Trailhead location(s): None. [See Recommended Trail Improvement Projects.] Primary uses: Hiking/Equestrian Other uses: Snowshoeing/Cross Country Skiing/Winter Mountain biking Length: 38.7 miles Legal status: Partial length

Chickaloon River Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: Multi-use year round primitive trail that follows the Chickaloon River along the west side from the old town site of Chickaloon to the headwaters. It is a very primitive route, but it is possible to travel over the pass at the headwaters and drop down to the headwaters of the Talkeetna River. This trail has a RS2477 designation. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Crooked Creek Trail Bak’aey ts’elaes Na’ tene (We Bring Canoes Creek Trail) Trailhead location(s): Squaw Creek/Belanger Pass and Belanger Pass Trailheads Primary uses: ATV/Snow machining Other uses: OHV Length: 16.2 miles Legal status: Entire length

Crooked Creek Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: Multi-use year round trail located north of Eureka and accessible from Old Man Creek and Belanger Pass Trail. Part of the historic Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trail. This trail has a RS2477 designation. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan East Fork Trail Trailhead location(s): Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trailhead Primary uses: Winter use, snow machine/cross country skiing Other uses: None Length: 2.8 miles Legal status: Located on state land, no known easement General description: Matanuska River.

East Fork Trail Weblink to PDF Map

Multi-use winter trail accessible from Goober Lake Trail up the East Fork Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Eska Creek Falls Trail Ts’es tac’ilaexede Na’ tuu naghit’ aayi tene (Where Fish Run Among The Rocks Waterfalls Trail) Trailhead location(s): Eska Creek Falls Trailhead Primary uses: ATV Other uses: OHV/Snow machining /Hiking Length in Miles: 2.8 Legal status: Entire length

Eska Creek Falls Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: Multi Use year round trail located north of Sutton and accessible from the old Eska Mine Road. The trail has been surveyed and a 50’ public easement acquired ADL # 228840. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Eska Creek Falls Hiking Trail Trailhead location(s): Eska Creek Falls Trailhead Primary uses: Hiking/Mountain biking Other uses: Snowshoeing Length: 1.8 miles Legal status: None

Eska Creek Falls Hiking Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: Year round trail that follows along a bluff top paralleling and overlooking Eska Creek. This trail ties in to the Eska Creek Falls Trail, which is a multi-use trail. The Eska Creek Falls Hiking Trail is under a trail care agreement between Valley Mountain Bikers & Hikers and the MatanuskaSusitna Borough. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Goober Lake Trail Trailhead location(s): Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina and Nelchina River Trailheads Primary uses: Snow machine Other uses: Cross country skiing Length: 5.2 miles Legal status: Located on state land. Unknown easement.

Goober Lake Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: Multi-use trail, primarily used in winter to access the Nelchina River area from the Glenn Highway. Access is from the communications tower off of Alascom Road (Blueberry Hill) near MP 118, south of the Glenn Highway. Goober Lake Trail connects Trail Lake Trail with the Nelchina River Trail. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Gunsight Mountain Trail K’ez’aani dghelaay tene (Gunsight Mountain Trail) Trailhead location(s): Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trailhead Primary uses: ATV Other uses: Hiking Length: 3.6 miles Legal status: Located on state land. Unknown easement.

Gunsight Mountain Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: Multi-use year round trail that begins east of Gunsight Mountain from a trailhead facility on the Glenn Highway and heads north along the base of the mountain to Squaw Creek where it connects to the Squaw Creek Trail. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Gunsight Mountain Hiking Trail Trailhead location(s): Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trailhead Primary uses: Hiking Other uses Snowshoeing/Back country skiing Length: 3.9 miles Legal status: Entire length

Gunsight Mountain Hiking Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: The trail begins at the base of Gunsight Mountain. The first 2 miles of this trail are accessible for multi-use, but once it veers west and up a steep ridge it should be considered a hiking trail. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Hicks Creek Trail Hdghel Na’ Tene Trailhead location(s): Hicks Creek Trailhead Primary uses: ATV/OHV Other uses: Mountain biking Length: 12.4 miles Legal status: Entire length

Hicks Creek Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: Multi-use year round trail that begins from the Glenn Highway (a few miles east of Hicks Creek crossing) and heads north toward the headwaters of Hicks Creek. It provides access to the Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trail. This trail has a RS2477 trail designation. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Index Lake Trail Trailhead location(s): Index Lake Trailhead Primary uses: Hiking Other uses: None Length: 2.3 miles Legal status: Entire length

Index Lake Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: Hiking trail north of the Glenn Highway to Index Lake, near Victory. This trail has a RS2477 trail designation. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Kings River Trail Staet Na’ tene (Wide River Trail) Trailhead location(s): Kings River Recreation Site and Trailhead Primary uses: ATV/OHV/Snow machining Other uses: Hiking/Mountain biking Length: 6.8 miles Legal status: Entire length

Kings River Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: A multi-use year round trail located in the Matanuska Valley Moose Range east of Sutton. This trail is part of the Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trail and has a RS2477 designation. It heads east across the King River toward the old town of Chickaloon. The trail has been surveyed and a public easement acquired for the portion west of the King River. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Lazy Moose Trail Trailhead location(s): Lazy Mountain/Morgan Horse Trailhead Primary uses: Hiking Other uses: Snowshoeing Length: 2.5 miles Legal status: Entire length

Lazy Moose Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: This pedestrian-only, year round trail has been sustainably designed and built with minimal grade. The Lazy Moose Trail diverts from the Lazy Mountain Trail about 100 yards from the trailhead, heads south along the base of the Lazy Mountain, then climbs a south-facing ridge where it connects back to the Lazy Mountain Trail part way up Lazy Mountain. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Lazy Mountain Trail Trailhead location(s): Lazy Mountain/Morgan Horse Trailhead Primary uses: Hiking Other uses: Snowshoeing Length: 1.9 miles Legal status: Entire length

Lazy Mountain Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: A pedestrian year round trail maintained by the Matanuska-Susitna Borough for hiking. Matanuska-Susitna Borough fees collected for parking at trailhead south of Huntley Road. The trail is steep and heavily used. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Moose Creek Branch Railroad Trail Tsidek’et Na’ c’etsiy tene (Grandmothers Place Creek Railroad Trail) Trailhead location(s): Moose Creek Campground Primary uses: Hiking/Mountain biking Other uses: Cross country skiing/Snowshoeing Length: 1.5 miles Legal status: Entire length

Moose Creek Branch RR Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: A trail on the old rail corridor owned by the Alaska Railroad Corporation. There is a 3-way permit between the Matanuska-Susitna Borough, State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources, and the City of Palmer for use as a non-motorized trail. Access is from the parking lot at the Moose Creek Campground. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Moose Range Trails Trailhead location(s): Wasilla Creek Headwaters Trailhead Primary uses: Cross country skiing/Snow machining/Winter mountain biking Other uses: Hiking/Mountain biking/Snowshoeing/Equestrian/ATV Length: 38.2 miles General description: These are multi-use groomed, winter trails in the Moose Range. This is an interconnected series of loop trails that are groomed in the winter by the Mat-Su Ski Club.

Moose Range Trails Weblink to PDF Map

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Morgan Horse Trail Trailhead location(s): Lazy Mountain/Morgan Horse Trailhead Primary uses: Equestrian/Hiking/Mountain biking (winter included) Other uses: Cross country skiing/Snowshoeing Length: 2.2 miles Legal status: Runs along MSB Section Line Easement

Morgan Horse Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: A non-motorized year round trail that follows a section line south from the Lazy Mountain Trailhead to Smith Road and then to Maud Road. It connects the Lazy Mountain area with the Knik River area. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Nelchina River Trail Neltsii Na’ tene (Stream That Is Yellow Trail) Trailhead location(s): Nelchina River Trailhead Primary uses: ATV/Mountain biking/Snow machining /Equestrian Other uses: Hiking Length: 9.1 miles Legal status: Entire length

Nelchina River Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: Multi-use year round trail located south of the Glenn Highway and used to access the Nelchina River and Glacier. This trail has a RS2477 trail designation. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Old Man Creek Trail Una’ cenaetsdildeti Na’ tene (Its Creek The One We Move Down Upon Creek Trail) Trailhead location(s): Old Man Creek Trailhead Primary uses: Hiking/ATV/OHV Other uses: Cross country skiing/Mountain biking Length: 10.8 miles Legal status: Entire length

Old Man Creek Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: Multi-use year round trail that provides access to Monument and Nelchina Town Trails. This trail is a well establish, heavily used trail and is part of the historic mining routes connecting to the Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trail. This trail has a RS2477 trail designation. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Palmer Branch Railroad Trail Nuutah c’etsiy tene (Among The Islands Railroad Trail) Trailhead location(s): Moose Creek Campground/Eagle Street Primary uses: Hiking/Mountain biking Other uses: Cross country skiing/Snowshoeing Length: 4.9 miles Legal status: Entire length

Palmer Branch RR Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: Pedestrian year round trail that follows an abandoned rail corridor from Palmer to Sutton, and which is permitted to the Matanuska-Susitna Borough for pedestrian trail use. Roadside parking off Eagle Street in Palmer and at Moose Creek Camp Ground. Several rock slides make the trail difficult and sometimes dangerous to follow between Palmer and Moose Creek. Much of the rail corridor is overgrown with vegetation or eroded away upriver of Moose Creek. The City of Palmer has a plan for a new trailhead at the south end. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Permanente Trail Trailhead location(s): Permanente Trailhead Primary uses: ATV/OHV/Snow machining Other uses: Mountain biking/Equestrian Length: 13.1 miles Legal status: Partial length

Permanente Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: A multi-use year round trail with limited roadside parking off the Glenn Highway. A portion of the trail has an Alaska Division of Land public right of way for access to private lands adjacent to trail. Located in the Matanuska Valley Moose Range. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Premier Mine Trail Trailhead location(s): Premier Mine Recreation Site and Trailhead Primary uses: ATV/OHV/Snow machining Other uses: Mountain biking/Equestrian Length: 2.3 miles Legal status: Partial length

Premier Mine Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: Multi-use year round trail located in the Matanuska Valley Moose Range and accessible from Buffalo Mine Road or Jonesville Road. The trail has been surveyed and a public recreation trail easement requested from the State of Alaska. The bridge crossing at Moose Creek has been removed. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Purinton Creek Trail K’ay’ delghots’ Na’ tene (Willow Gap Creek Trail) Trailhead location(s): Purinton Creek Trailhead Primary uses: ATV/OHV/Snow machining Other uses: Hiking/Equestrian/Mountain biking Length: 9.0 miles Legal status: Entire length

Purinton Creek Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: Multi-use year round trail that heads north from the Glenn Highway then west to Boulder Creek. This trail has a RS2477 designation. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Seventeen Mile Lake Trail Trailhead location(s): Premier Mine and Slipper Lake Recreation Sites and Trailheads Primary uses: ATV/OHV/Snow machining Other uses: Hiking/Equestrian/Mountain biking Length: 4.2 miles Legal status: Public recreation trail easement requested

Seventeen Mile Lake Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: Multi-use year round trail located in the Matanuska Valley Moose Range and accessible from Buffalo Mine Road or Jonesville Road. The trail has been surveyed and a public recreation trail easement requested from the State of Alaska. Portable restroom placed in the summer only by Matanuska-Susitna Borough (funding dependent). Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Sheep Mountain Lodge Trails Beznae dghilaay tene (Sheep Mountain Trail) Trailhead location(s): Sheep Mountain Lodge Trailhead Primary uses: Hiking/Mountain biking/Cross country skiing/Snowshoeing/Dog sledding Other uses: None Length: 7.3 miles Legal status: Entire length

Sheep Mountain Lodge Trails Weblink to PDF Map

General description: There are a total of six trail segments maintained by Sheep Mountain Lodge as non-motorized trails most commonly used for hiking, Mountain biking, cross country skiing, snowshoeing and dog sledding. These trails vary in gradient from moderate to steep, and are accessible by the public. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Skyline Trail Trailhead location(s): Access through private property Primary uses: Hiking/Equestrian Other uses: Snow machining Length: 2.6 miles Legal status: No known easement

Skyline Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: A steep hiking and horseback riding trail used primarily in summer that leads to lower Arkose Ridge from the Buffalo Mine Road area. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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South Side Trail Trailhead location(s): South Side Trailhead Primary uses: ATV/Snow machining Other uses: OHV Length: 8.4 miles Legal status: Partial length

South Side Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: A multi-use year round primitive trail east of Clark Wolverine Road heading east above the Matanuska River. A portion of this trail crosses Tribal lands and has a 17(b) easement reserved for public use. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Squaw Creek Trail Xelt’ aats’l Na’ tene (Water Lily Creek Trail) Trailhead location(s): Squaw Creek/Belanger Pass and Belanger Pass Trailheads Primary uses: ATV/OHV/Snow machining Other uses: Hiking/Mountain biking Length: 9.5 miles Legal status: Entire length

Squaw Creek Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: Multi-use year round trail is accessible from the Caribou Creek Trail and Gunsight Mountain Trail. This trail is part of the historic Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trail and has a RS2477 designation. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Startup Lakes Trail Trailhead location(s): Belanger Pass and Nelchina River Trailhead Primary uses: ATV/OHV/Snow machining Other uses: Hiking/Mountain biking Length: 4.0 miles Legal status: Entire length

Startup Lakes Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: Multi-use year round trail that runs east from Belanger Pass Trail to the Start Up Lakes and east to the Eureka area. This trail has a RS2477 trail designation. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Tahneta Pass Trail Nekets’alyaexden tene (Where We Turn Around Trail) Trailhead location(s): Squaw Creek/Belanger Pass and Belanger Pass Trailheads Primary uses: ATV/OHV/Snow machining Other uses: Hiking/Mountain biking Length: 2.2 miles Legal status: Entire length

Tahneta Pass Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: Multi-use trail that accommodates year round use with trailhead parking on the Glenn Highway. The trail provides access to the Squaw Creek Trail, just east of Gunsight Mountain. This trail has a RS2477 trail designation. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Trail Lakes Trail Tsendil’aats kulaen bene’ tene (Where Game Migrate Downland Lake Trail) Trailhead location(s): Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trailhead Primary uses: ATV/OHV/Snow machining Other uses: Hiking/Mountain biking Length: 5.1 miles Legal status: No known easement

Trail Lakes Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: Multi-use year round trail that provides access to small lakes south of the Glenn Highway near MP 118. Trail follows Alaskan Road for first 2.8 miles and then branches off to the east as a trail. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Wasilla Creek Headwaters Trail Bentah Na’ tl’aa tene (Among The Lakes Creek Headwater Trail) Trailhead location(s): Wasilla Creek Headwaters Trailhead Primary uses: Mountain biking/ATV/Snow machining/Cross country skiing Other uses: Equestrian/Hiking Length: 4.3 miles Legal status: Entire length

Wasilla Creek Headwaters Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: A multi-use year round trail with a small trailhead at the east end of Wendt Road. Located in the Matanuska Valley Moose Range, some of the area is managed by Division of Forestry. Access is available from Murphy Road, just east of Buffalo Mine Road, and at the east end of Wendt Road, off Palmer Fishhook and Sun Valley. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Weiner Lake Trail Trailhead location(s): Glenn Highway mile marker 87.5 Primary uses: Hiking Other uses: None Length: 0.9 miles Legal status: Easement is in process

Weiner Lake Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: A year round hiking trail just north of the Glenn Highway and Weiner Lake. It is a primitive, steep trail that heads directly north from the highway to Meadow Creek and Lake. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Wishbone Lake Trail Tsidek’et bene’ tene (Grandmothers Place Creek Lake Trail) Trailhead location(s): Premier Mine and Slipper Lake Recreation Sites and Trailheads Primary uses: ATV/Snow machining Other uses: OHV/Mountain biking/Camping Length: 2.5 miles Legal status: Located on state property, no known easement

Wishbone Lake Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: Multi-use year round trail located in the Matanuska Valley Moose Range and accessible from Buffalo Mine Road or Jonesville Road. The trail has been surveyed and a public recreation trail easement requested from the State of Alaska. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Wishbone Strip Mine Trail Trailhead location(s): Premier Mine and Slipper Lake Recreation Sites and Trailheads Primary uses: Snow machining Other uses: None Length: 5.9 miles Legal status: Located on state property, no known easement

Wishbone Stripmine Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: A multi-use winter trail accessible from Buffalo Mine Road and Jonesville Road. This trail is located in the Matanuska Valley Moose Range. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Wolverine Creek Trail Trailhead location(s): South Side Trailhead Primary uses: ATV/Snow machining Other uses: Hiking Length: 8.4 miles Legal status: Partial length

Wolverine Creek Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: Multi-use year round trail used to access the Wolverine Creek Valley. It crosses tribal lands and has a 17(b) easement reserved for public use. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Young Creek Trail Trailhead location(s): Kings River Recreation Site and Trailhead Primary uses: ATV/OHV/Snow machining Other uses: Mountain biking Length: 5.9 miles Legal status: Entire length

Young Creek Trail Weblink to PDF Map

General description: A multi-use year round trail located in the Matanuska Valley Moose Range and accessible from the Kings River Trail. Full size Trail Location and Land Ownership Maps can be found in Appendix B.

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Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan

STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN The strategic action plan section of this Recreation and Trails Plan is a summation that includes and accounts for the following:      

User trends and regional demographics Recommended site and trail design standards Recommended sustainability and improvement strategies Recommended improvement projects Funding and finance alternatives Suggested implementation plan

Usage and Visitation Trends Based on extensive qualitative and quantitative research conducted specifically for this project and the Matanuska River Watershed Cultural Ecotourism Development Study, predominant usage and visitation trends were identified. These are briefly summarized below and on the following pages in order to provide additional support for recommendations featured in this plan. Visitation Periods The majority of visitation to the Matanuska River watershed occurs in the summer months (JuneAugust), with some spill-over into the months of May and September. There was some visitation over the winter months, but most local businesses mentioned limited to no operations outside the peak summer months. Essentially, visitation to the area appears like a bell curve, with steep increases in early June and steep decreases in late August. Visitation is likely stronger in September due to hunting season than April or May. Predominant Current Uses Based on site assessments and research conducted by the consultant team, the following activities are the predominant uses of recreation and trail sites/assets in the Matanuska River watershed region. These activities are not listed in order of importance or participation level.              

Glacier viewing and trekking Hiking Mountain biking Horseback riding ATV (all-terrain vehicles) and snow machining OHV (off-highway vehicles) and motor biking Hunting and fishing Camping Whitewater rafting, kayaking and canoeing Backpacking Snowshoeing Dog sledding Backcountry and cross country skiing Gold panning and mineral hunting

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Winter Activities According to local respondents in the regional household survey conducted in early 2012, cross country skiing, downhill skiing/snowboarding/telemarking, sledding, snow machining, and snowshoeing were the top five winter tourism activities that should be further developed for the region. Q6. FIVE Winter Tourism Recreation Activities Respondents Believe Should be Further Developed for the Region by percentage of respondents (multiple choices could be made)

Cross country skiing

70%

Downhill skiing/snowboarding/telemarking

56%

Sledding

45%

Snow machining

45%

Snowshoeing

39%

Ice fishing

36%

Ice skating

33%

Dog sledding

28%

Mountain biking

16%

Ice climbing

11%

Other

7%

None

11%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Source: Leisure Vision/ETC Institute (March 2012)

Summer Activities During the same 2012 survey, local respondents indicated that day hiking, nature center/natural science center, camping, multi-day hiking backpacking and light strolling/walking paths were the top five summer tourism activities that should be further developed for the region.

Q7. FIVE Summer Tourism Recreation Activities Respondents Believe Should be Further Developed for the Region by percentage of respondents (multiple choices could be made)

Day hiking Nature center/natural science center Camping Multi-day hiking/backpacking Light strolling/walking paths ATV riding (4-wheelers/all-terrain vehicles) Whitewater rafting and/or kayaking Mountain biking Glacier excursions Horseback riding Self-guided wildlife viewing Self-guided hunting and/or fishing Road bicycling Canopy tour/zip line Guided wildlife viewing Adventure sports park Rock climbing OHV riding (4x4 off-road vehicles) Guided fishing Guided hunting Paintball Other None

0% Source: Leisure Vision/ETC Institute (March 2012)

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61% 39% 39% 33% 31% 29% 26% 24% 21% 20% 20% 19% 17% 16% 12% 10% 9% 9% 6% 3% 2% 4% 10%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Barriers to Visitation Absence of comfort facilities/restrooms, lack of knowledge about what is available and not enough places to stay were among the top three reasons that respondents believed to be the biggest limitations to additional visitors in the area. Q5. FOUR Reasons Respondents Believe Are the Biggest Limitations to Additional Visitors to the Area by percentage of respondents who selected the item as one of their top four choices

Lack of restrooms/rest stops/comfort facilities Potential visitors do not know what is available Lack of accommodations or places to stay Existing accommodations limited/need maintenance Lack of good access to trailheads Lack of good attractions Lack of separated and designated hike/bike paths Lack of salmon fishing opportunities Lack of Matanuska Watershed awareness Attractions in other areas are more appealing Lack of local Alaska Native cultural activities Insufficient highway signage Lack of organized activities Lack of family activities Lack of fun activities Other None

0% 1st Reason

35% 34% 28% 27% 25% 20% 20% 17% 16% 13% 13% 11% 11% 8% 8% 12% 18%

10% 2nd Reason

20% 3rd Reason

30%

40%

4th Reason

Source: Leisure Vision/ETC Institute (March 2012)

According to the Matanuska-Susitna Borough Tourism Infrastructure Needs Study (McDowell, 2008), about 780,000 visitors travel to the Matanuska-Susitna Borough each year. Of these, more than half (446,000) are from other parts of Alaska; the remaining 332,000 are out-of-state visitors. These numbers show that local and regional user groups are also likely to play an important part in the overall visitation numbers and the programming should also focus on serving the needs of local and regional audience.

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Site and Trail Design Standards This Recreation and Trails Plan provides suggested standards for recreation site and trail design for the Matanuska River watershed. These standards have been developed in coordination with private and public stakeholders, including land management agencies, for the purpose of working towards a set of standardized Alaskan site and trail standards that can be utilized more consistently around the state. The intent of these standards is to provide guidance on site and trail design that is more sustainable given the abuse from climate and heavy use that Alaskan recreation sites and trails experience. The Six Essential Elements of Sustainable Trails 1. The Half Rule: Trail grade should not exceed ½ the side slope that the trail traverses, if so, it becomes a Fall-line Trail (Fall-line – the steepest route of descent down a slope. Water flowing down a hillside will travel along the fall-line). 2. The 10% Average Guideline: The average trail grade, or overall trail grade should not exceed 10% along the alignment of the trail. In many cases, keeping trail grades at about 10% will assure longer term sustainability and should be an objective for all trail projects, unless specifically designed at greater grades. 3. Maximum Sustainable Grade: A defined maximum tread grade that can be constructed along the trail. Typically restricted to runs of less than 50 feet, and no more than 5% of the total length of the trail. Determining the Maximum Sustainable Grade for a trail involves many variables that are specific to a region or trail section. For example, soils that have a very high organic content will be less stable than those that are composed of weathered granite. Variables influencing the Maximum Sustainable Grade include: a. b. c. d. e. f. g.

Soil type Presence of surface rock or bedrock Annual rainfall/intensity Type and spacing of integrated water control features Types of users Numbers of users Desired level of difficulty

4. Grade Reversals: A spot at which a climbing trail levels out and then changes direction, dropping subtly a short distance (6-12 feet) before rising again. Ideally, Grade Reversals are incorporated into a trail’s initial design as part of its Curvilinear Layout. Water control features such as “Rolling Grade Dips” and “Knicks” can be integrated into an existing trail as a maintenance item. Waterbars are not recommended due to their higher maintenance requirements. 5. Outslope: As the trail contours across a hillside, the downhill or outer edge of the tread should tilt slightly downhill and away from the uphill trail edge. Under typical circumstances, this “outslope” should be less than 5%. Anything greater will usually lead to tread creep and user discomfort. Outslope is influenced by the forces of compaction, displacement, and erosion, which collectively reduce the effectiveness of the design element. Even on trails that are constructed with proper outslope, it will often deform through time and routine maintenance is needed to restore a trail tread to its designed outslope with these forces in mind. The

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Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan integration of Grade Reversals and Rolling Grade Dips insure that water is managed along the trail if outslope is compromised. 6. Durable Tread Surface: Surfacing should take into consideration special characteristics of the soils such as the presence of permafrost, organic/muskeg soils, volcanic ash, saturated soils, or some other environmental challenge. Many trails in Alaska are not sustainable due to flat terrain or the soil characteristics noted above. In these cases tread surfaces require trail hardening to ensure sustainability. Trail hardening includes techniques such as gravel capping, boardwalk and planking decking, the use of geotextile surfaces and other means to provide a sustainable tread. Trail Design Standards Difficulty Rating The difficult rating of a trail is the degree of challenge a trail presents to an average user's physical ability and skill, based on trail conditions and route location factors such as alignment, steepness of grades, gain and loss of elevation, and amount and kind of natural barriers that must be crossed. Assign a difficulty rating only for trails with a designed use of biking or skiing. Assign only one rating of the trail based on the criteria identified as follows: a. Easiest. Requiring little skill and challenge to traverse. Symbol: White circle, with black outline. b. Easy. Requiring little skill and challenge to traverse. Symbol: Green circle. c. Intermediate. Requiring little skill and involving limited challenge to traverse. Symbol: Blue Square. d. Difficult. Requiring some skill and involving some challenge to traverse. Symbol: Black diamond. e. Most Difficult. Requiring a high degree of skill and involving a high degree of challenge to traverse. Black double-diamond. Elevation Change Elevation change on a trail should be noted. Enter the overall elevation changed along the trail or trail segment. If there is net gain in elevation, use the + (positive) symbol, if net loss in elevation, use the – (minus) symbol. Use the following formula: Highest Elevation Point (feet) – Lowest Elevation Point (feet) = Total Elevation Change Level of Use It is recommended to feature an indicator of the levels of use on a trail or trail segment, to help establish and review scheduling for maintenance, patrols, and assessments. It can also help identify whether a trail is properly designed to accommodate target use levels. 

Enter use based on numbers of visitors per day. Also indicate the source of values, whether the numbers are estimated counts (est.), actual counts (act), or some type of mechanical counter (counter).

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Designed Use Designed use of a trail is the intended use that controls the desired design of the trail, and determines the subsequent maintenance parameters for the trail. The designed use must be identified for each trail or trail segment. It identifies the single use or limiting factor that drives technical design parameters for the trail (i.e. tread width, grade, turning radius, etc.). The designed use is necessary to establish the trail’s geometric design standards from which the trail is designed, constructed, operated, and maintained, While several managed Uses may occur on the trail, there is only one Designed Use for any given trail or trail segment. 

Select only one Designed Use per trail or trail segment.

Design Parameters Design parameters are the technical specifications for trail construction and maintenance, based on the Designed Use and Trail Class. Design Parameters identify the technical specifics that drive trail design, construction, maintenance, and subsequent reconstruction. Other criteria (back slope angle for example) are also important but generally are site-specific and require sound engineering judgment to fulfill the objectives. 

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Assign a specific value for each of the Design Parameter variables listed. This is not intended to be an all-encompassing list of specifications, but a list of only the dominant criteria that most defines the geometric shape of the trail. If a range of values is listed on the Design Parameters, select a specific value that reflects the prescription for the trail. Add any additional fields and values that are deemed important to this specific segment of trail and are necessary for achieving the trail objectives.

Target Maintenance Frequencies For routine maintenance tasks, each trail requires a recurring maintenance interval in order to keep it functional, stable and useable and to acquire the necessary funding to maintain the system at the standards that have been established. For example, brush grows at a certain rate and to keep a trail operational, the brush must be cut at regular intervals. These intervals are generally site or area-specific and require local experience to define.  

For the applicable tasks, define the maintenance interval that best reflects the frequency necessary to keep this trail or trail segment to standard. Any period within that interval should be considered “to standard”. The interval is expressed in years.

Examples: Task: Trail Opening Brushing Logging Out

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Frequency: once every year once every 3 years two times per year

Recorded As: 1.0 0.33 2.0

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Trail Classification System – referenced from Alaska State Parks Trail Type Trail types may be utilized for any given trail or trail segment. It is possible to classify a single trail under multiple trail types. For example, a particular trail may have specifications for terra type and different specifications for snow type. Trails can be in the same physical location but described differently for seasonal purposes. The three standard trail types:   

Terra Trail Snow Trail Water Trail

Trail Class Trail Classes are an inventory convention used to identify applicable Design Parameters. Five trail classes ranging from least developed (Class 1) to highly developed (Class 5) and will uniformly apply to all trail types; however, some trail classes may not be applicable to a trail type (such as a Class 5 water trail).     

Trail Class 1: Minimal/Undeveloped Trail Trail Class 2: Simple/Minor Development Trail Trail Class 3: Developed/Improved Trail Trail Class 4: Highly Developed Trail Trail Class 5: Fully Developed Trail

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Trail Design Parameters

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Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan

Sustainability and Improvement Strategies There are several recommendations detailed within this plan to support the overall sustainability of high quality recreation and trail assets in the Matanuska River watershed, as well as improvement strategies to address current abuses. These recommendations are provided for consideration by land owners, major stakeholders, local businesses, and public land management agencies in the study area. These recommendations are based on an assessment of current conditions in the Matanuska River watershed, as well as recreation management industry best practices that have emerged over the last 20 years throughout the United States. Recommended Management Strategies This plan provides recommended management strategies for consideration by public and private land owners in the Matanuska River watershed that open those lands for public recreational use. These recommendations have been developed by the consultant team based on an assessment of existing recreation sites and trails within the study area, public and stakeholder input, and recreation industry best practices. This plan does not intend to intrude into the policies of public land agencies or the freedom of private land owners, but only suggests sustainable management strategies that can help to achieve the following objectives: 1. Decrease the impacts of use on the long-term quality of land and natural resources 2. Improve the sustained quality of recreation sites and trails 3. Protect the long-term viability and value of Matanuska River watershed recreational assets Established and Enforced Usage Policies Many of the issues associated with the deteriorated quality of recreation sites and trails in the watershed stem from an absence of enforced usage policies that protect the long term quality of these assets. Suggested policies for public and private land owners to consider for recreation lands and trails include, but are not limited to:       

Enforced penalties for vandalism Established management zones within a site where specific uses are either restricted or allowed Posted site and trail usage regulations Temporary site and trail closures based on environmental conditions Permanent site and trail closures based on conditions that present a severe danger to users or significant destruction of natural resources Location oversight and patrolling Development of a stewardship program

RECOMMENDED MULTI-USE TRAIL GUIDELINES Multi-use trails are in high demand in The Matanuska River watershed, although diverse trail uses can sometimes become contentious and problematic in a community. It is recommended that stakeholders and land owners consider the following policy pertaining to diverse trail usage: The Matanuska River watershed features multiple uses of trails by non-motorized and motorized users based on the following criteria: Non-motorized Use 

Non-motorized use includes but is not limited to: walking, running, hiking, horseback riding, bicycling, snowshoeing, dog sledding, and skiing.

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All Matanuska River watershed trails are open to non-motorized use unless otherwise closed for construction, repair, or environmental conditions. Trail closures will be clearly marked; users are expected to abide by trail usage restrictions and closures. The following uses are permitted when trails are snow covered: snowshoeing, dog sledding, skiing, skijaring, horseback riding, bicycling and hiking.

Motorized Use     

Motorized use on the Matanuska River watershed trails includes off-highway vehicles (OHVs) allterrain vehicles (ATVs) that do not exceed 60 inches in width, off-highway motorcycles (OHMs), and snowmobiles. Usage restrictions for motorized use of the Matanuska River watershed trails are clearly marked at trailheads and along the trails; users are expected to abide by trail usage restrictions. Trails open to motorized use will remain open unless otherwise closed for construction, repair, or environmental conditions. Trail closures will be clearly marked; users are expected to abide by trail usage restrictions and closures. The following motorized uses are permitted when trails are snow covered at a depth of 6”: ATV riding and snow machining.

The following recommendations are provided as guidelines that can be reviewed and adopted by stakeholders and land owners in the Matanuska River watershed as an informal policy towards multiuse trails and diverse trail usage. RECOMMENDED GUIDELINES FOR DETERMINING AUTHORIZED USAGE Authorized usage of trails is determined by one or more of the following: 

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Local, Borough, State, Federal, and Tribal laws and regulations There are a multitude of local, borough state laws authorizing usage of public roads and right-ofways. Trail usage restrictions should adhere to these laws and regulations. Personal and environmental safety hazards The environment through which trails pass and the conditions of usage can dramatically impact the personal safety of users and the environmental integrity of natural resources. Authorized trail usages are determined after a thorough review of all personal and environmental safety hazards and reasonable mitigation efforts have been made. Trail maintenance requirements Trail maintenance requirements of the Matanuska River watershed trails are expected to be reasonable and reflective of industry standards. Trail usage that requires significantly more maintenance of safe usage conditions must be supported by volunteers and local user groups or that usage will be discontinued. Local public interests and support Authorized trail uses will be influenced by local public support and recreational interests. The Matanuska River watershed strives to meet the relevant recreational needs of residents with a trail system using a balanced approach to address those community needs.

RECOMMENDED USAGE GUIDELINES FOR MULTI-USE NON-MOTORIZED TRAILS AND PATHS  Ride/Walk as far to the right as practical, except when passing another user going your direction (pass on the left). Control your speed, slow down and use caution when approaching or overtaking other trails or pathways users.

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Travel in a consistent and predictable manner. Always look behind before changing positions on the trail or path. Ride/Walk single file when other users are present. Use no more than half the trail or path so as not to block the flow of other users. When stopping, move off the trail or path. Obey traffic signs and signals. Use extra caution where trail or path crosses streets, driveways, or other trails and paths. Before passing, be courteous and announce your intentions by saying "passing on your left" or ringing a bell. All users, including bicyclists, joggers, walkers, wheelchairs, skateboarders, bladers and skaters, should be respectful of other users regardless of their mode, speed, or skill level. Trails and paths are open to the public, but often the adjacent land is private property. Please respect all property rights.

RECOMMENDED USAGE GUIDELINES FOR MOUNTAIN BICYCLISTS  Ride on open and designated trails only.  Respect closures, avoid trespassing, and obtain permission as required.  Leave no trace, avoid skidding/locking brakes.  Be sensitive to the area, stay on existing trails, and pack out what you take in.  Control your bicycle.  Pay attention. Anticipate problems and keep your speed under control.  Bicyclists always yield.  Make your approach known, be courteous.  Never spook animals; animals startle easily and cause a dangerous situation for you and others.  Know your equipment and ability; carry gear for changing weather conditions. RECOMMENDED USAGE GUIDELINES FOR EQUESTRIAN TRAIL USERS  Know the local trail rules. Courtesy is the best safety on the trail.  Minimize impact by staying on designated trails and avoiding muddy conditions. Don't cut switchbacks.  Say hello. Tell other users how many are in your party. Pass with care. If uncertain, ask.  Always speak when approaching horses. A horse's vision is restricted but it’s hearing is acute.  Leave gates as you find them. Obey gate closures and regulatory signs.  Know your horse's limitations.  Ride your horse at a safe and controlled speed. Be especially careful when visibility is limited.  Let other trail riders know when it is safe to pass your horse.  A hand out and down is a warning for others to slow down or stop.  Keep trailhead and campgrounds clear of manure and trash. RECOMMENDED USAGE GUIDELINES FOR OHV, ATV RIDERS, AND SNOWMOBILE RIDERS  Off-highway vehicles (OHVs) include all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) that do not exceed 60 inches in width, off-highway motorcycles (OHMs), and snowmobiles.  Responsible riders are safe riders. Wear protective gear and maintain your machine. Don't take chances that endanger yourself or others.  Always check trail availability before you go.  Know where you're permitted to ride. Respect private property and closed areas.  Always be courteous when you pass hikers on a trail or other vehicles on a dirt road.  Keep the RPMs and speed low and steady when you're near houses and campgrounds, or anytime you're around non-riders.  When you meet a horseback rider, go slowly and stop on the outside of the trail. Shut off your engine. Take off your helmet and avoid any sudden movements.  Stay on designated trails. Don't cut switchbacks or take shortcuts.

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Stream crossing may require a permit from ADF&G, cross at right angles to stream at designated crossings.

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Regular Site and Trail Assessments It is recommended that regular site and trail assessments are organized collaboratively with volunteers, user groups, and stakeholders. Assessments can help to maintain consistent and updated information regarding site and trail conditions, which will strengthen local efforts to identify and coordinate improvement projects. In order to remain practical, assessments should be structured to address basic conditions. It is recommended that each site and trail be assessed annually at a minimum, and more frequently on an as needed basis in response to events or circumstances that may have significantly impacted site or trail quality. Maintain a Five Year Capital Plan It is recommended that public land agencies maintain a five-year capital plan for recreation sites on public lands, and that stakeholders of the watershed coordinate a similar plan for the region as a whole. This may be supported by the five-year capital plan currently maintained by the Matanuska-Susitna Borough. Capital projects can be identified based on regular assessments and public/user input, and can be prioritized according to multiple factors including extensiveness of the project, estimated costs, urgency of health or safety issues, or urgency of environmental issues. While coordinating a regional capital plan that maintains a five-year outlook can be a substantial task and involve significant collaboration among stakeholders, the positive impact can include, but not be limited to:     

Improved mobilization and direction of volunteer labor and support Improved ability to attract outside funding support for regional site and trail needs Improved conditions of recreation sites and trails Increased awareness of the quality of the region’s recreation and trail venues Increased collaboration of regional stakeholders

Additional detailed information is provided in the Appendix of this plan regarding trail assessment tools. Recreation Site and Trail Stewardship Program A stewardship program that mimics successful “adopt-a-park” and “adopt-a-trail” programs in other locations around the United States would have a significant impact on the ability to maintain site and trail conditions on a regular basis. This can be organized by a local foundation or stakeholder organization that can support the administrative needs of the program. Subsequently, in-kind volunteer labor and donations that support the program can be classified as community service and potentially tax-deductible. Site and trail stewards can be either individuals or organizations with responsibilities that have a specified duration (recommended to be a year), and include specific expectations. These can include, but not be limited to:     

Regular assessment of site or trail conditions Provision of updated site or trail conditions to related information web sites Coordination of volunteer efforts to improve site or trail conditions Interaction as needed with predominant user groups Advocacy for sustainable use practices at the site or trail

It is recommended that signage be present at each site or trail that has a steward identifying the steward, as well as contact information to report conditions or vandalism. This signage should also provide contact information for local law enforcement to report vandals or abusive users.

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Matanuska River Watershed Recreation Site and Trail Website It is recommended to develop and maintain a collaborative website that features updated information for the recreation sites and trails within the Matanuska River watershed. This site can be managed by a volunteer group or local stakeholder organization, with site maintenance costs supported by local donations, limited public financial support, and grants. One of the best relevant examples of a successful website similar to this is maintained by the Dallas Off Road Bicycle Association (DORBA) in north Texas. DORBA is a volunteer-based non-profit organization that works closely with public and private land owners in the region who feature Mountain biking trails on their property. Each trail is assigned a steward who monitors trail conditions and coordinates volunteer projects. A screen shot of the section of the DORBA website dedicated to trail information is provided below.

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Recommended Recreation Site and Trailhead Improvement - Priority Projects This Recreation and Trails Plan features recommendations for recreation site and trailhead improvements to be considered by the public land management agencies on which these sites are located. These recommendations have been developed based on stakeholder and public input, thorough assessments of the sites, and industry best practices for sustainable use. Premier Mine Recreation Site Recommendations Cost Estimate $50K-$1,000,000 (Recommended site plan in Appendix C)   

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Road access and parking area improvement Regular maintenance and site steward (camp host) Hiking trail along Moose Creek with viewing platform for interpretation of salmon restoration site, and creek-crossing bridges along the railroad right-of-way to connect to Moose Creek Campground. This trail could be groomed for cross country skiing during the winter season. Restrooms Site and trailhead signage Bridge to enable Moose Creek crossing of all users, including ATV/OHV, to access nearby regional trails Pavilion and picnic area Hike-in tent camping area Designated RV camping sites in the parking area Possible access to upper Moose Creek for hiking trails into the mountains

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Moose Creek Campground and Wayside Recommendations Cost Estimate $ 50-500K (Recommended site plan in Appendix C)        

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Tent camping area Pavilions and picnic area Site and trailhead signage Restrooms Improved site circulation Site steward/camp host Interpretive trails Fee station/kiosk

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Slipper Lake Recreation Site Recommendation Cost Estimate $ 50-500K (Recommended site plan in Appendix C)       

Improved designation of camping sites Pavilions and picnic area Restrooms Site steward/camp host Designated use areas Site master plan and management plan Regular maintenance and site steward

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Coyote Lake Recreation Site Recommendations Cost Estimate: $100-500K (Recommended site plan in Appendix C)            

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Improved road access is the first priority (increase capital cost) Improved designation of camping sites Pavilions and picnic area Restrooms BMX/mountain bike skills area Cultural education area, with ADA accessibility Hiking/interpretive trails Lake and bank restoration Improved parking Improved site circulation Site master plan and management plan Regular maintenance and site steward

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Kings River Recreation Site Recommendations Cost Estimate: $100-300K (Recommended site plan in Appendix C)       

Designated camp sites Site and trailhead signage Restrooms Pavilions and picnic area Improved highway crossing for ATV’s and motorized trail users to access the trailhead from the east side camping area Site steward/camp host Site management plan

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Long Lake State Recreation Site Recommendations Cost Estimate: $50-100K (Recommended site plan in Appendix C)          

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Improved access from Glenn Highway to improve safe access and egress from the roadway and to improve site circulation Non-motorized trail development linking to neighboring lands with possible access to the Matanuska River Camping area Improved boat launch Picnic pavilion Improved restrooms Highway and site signage Interpretive signage (flora and fauna) Walk-in picnic sites Use existing highway as bike path when highway is relocated

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Old Man Creek Recreation Site and Trailhead Recommendations Cost Estimate $ 50-100K (Recommended site plan in Appendix C)     

Improved trailhead signage indicating trails accessed from this point and locations of trails Designated camping sites Restrooms Trash receptacles Regular maintenance and site steward

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Eska Creek Falls Trailhead Recommendations Cost estimate $100K-$2.1 million (High Capital Priority) 

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First priority is much needed road access improvements. The current road is in extremely poor condition, continues to degrade and is a health and safety concern. Based on cost estimates provided by the Matanuska-Susitna Borough Public Works Department in May 2011, to build a two lane access road to Borough standards (twenty foot top width, two feet of non-frost susceptible gravel top, and adequate ditching) design cost is estimated at $250K with a total project cost estimated at $2 million. Development of a parking area for 8-10 vehicles, with the possibility of a separated trailhead for motorized trail users. Site and trailhead signage Restrooms Site master plan and management plan Regular maintenance and site steward

King Mountain State Recreation Site Recommendations  The addition of limited-use cabins or screened shelters could enhance visitation to this site, as well as revenue generation. Bonnie Lake Recreation Site Recommendations  Enlarged parking to allow for improved vehicle turn-around space  Improved restrooms  Site and interpretive signage  Pavilion and picnic area Permanente Trailhead Recommendations  Site and trailhead signage  Improved site circulation Purinton Creek Trailhead Recommendations  Site/trailhead signage  Restrooms  Trash receptacles  Parking layout defined to maximize us of site Index Lake Trailhead Recommendations  Site and trailhead signage Hicks (Pinochle) Creek Trailhead Recommendations  Site/trailhead signage  Trash receptacles Matanuska Glacier State Recreation Site Recommendations  Additional cabins and a small pod of screened shelters could improve visitation and revenue generation at this site  Wi-Fi internet connectivity at the site

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Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan Matanuska Glacier Park Recommendations This is a private facility and these recommendations are provided to enhance the usage and potential revenue of Matanuska Glacier Park:  

The addition of a small number of cabins could improve visitation and revenue generation. Wi-Fi internet connectivity

Caribou Creek Recreational Mining Area Recommendations The following recommendations are provided to enhance the usage and sustainable maintenance of Caribou Creek Recreational Mining Area:  

Improved site signage designated the river/creek access trail Trail improvements to address erosion and trail slope

Camp Creek Trailhead Recommendations  Site/trailhead signage  Trash receptacles  Signage indicating restroom facilities located at Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trailhead at milepost 119  Trail Improvements Squaw Creek/Belanger Pass Trailhead Recommendations  Improved trailhead signage indicating trails accessed from this point  Improved/enlarged parking area  Possible relocation to popular access point (unofficial trailhead) located approximately ½ mile west on the Glenn Highway Belanger Pass Trailhead Recommendations  Improved trailhead signage indicating trails accessed from this point and locations of trails  Improved/enlarged parking area  Restrooms  Trash receptacles Nelchina River Trailhead Recommendations  Improved site signage indicating location of trailhead  Improved trailhead signage indicating trails accessed from this point  Designated camping sites  Restrooms  Trash receptacles

Recommended Trail Improvement Projects Bear Ridge Trail Recommendations  Trail assessment of use conflicts incorporating data collected from Bear Creek Trail group  Stabilize steep slopes Chickaloon Trail Recommendations  Historic trail assessment to establish ownership, ROWs, and trail location  Signage and organization

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Chickaloon River Trail Recommendations  Determination of legal trail designation and owner/public conflict resolution  Needs assessment designation and development of trailhead  Assessment of uses, conflicts, and trail conditions  Stabilization of slopes and degraded trail areas Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trail Recommendations  Gateway and facilities design and construction  Increased restroom maintenance during summer months Eska Creek Falls Hiking Trail Recommendations  Assessment of current upgrades, uses, and sustainability  Trail conflict assessment with potential use separations  Deterrent of incompatible uses  Trailhead improvements Eska Creek Falls Trail Recommendations  Use safety assessment  Organize parking  Trail maintenance and possible rerouting for sustainability Kings River Trail Recommendations  Assessment of uses, seasonal limitations, and ownership  Public/owner conflict resolution  Riverbank stabilization  Trailhead organization, upgrades, and amenities (especially restrooms)  Trail maintenance  Trail steward Lazy Moose Trail Recommendations  Continued trail maintenance  Trail assessment and upgrades Lazy Mountain Trail Recommendations  Continued trail maintenance  Trail assessment and upgrades Moose Creek Branch Railroad Trail Recommendations  Trail maintenance and upgrades  Assessment for trail conditions and recommendations for stabilization techniques Palmer Branch Railroad Trail Recommendations  Coordination with City of Palmer for trailhead development  Trail stabilization Permanente Trail Recommendations  Assessment of uses and conflicts  Establish trail location 157

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Trail and trailhead signage Trailhead upgrades and maintenance Resolutions for owner/public conflicts; land ownership signage

Premier Mine Trail Recommendations  Assessment of uses and conflicts  Trail maintenance  Motorized and pedestrian creek crossings Purinton Creek Trail Recommendations  Assessment of historic trail designation, ownership, uses and conflicts  Maintenance of trail Seventeen Mile Lake Trail Recommendations  Assessment of uses and conflicts  Stabilization and maintenance Skyline Trail Recommendations  Assessment of uses and conflicts  Stabilization of trail conditions South Side Trail Recommendations  Assessment of uses and conflicts  Assessment of ownership and public/owner conflict resolution  Signage for trails and property ownership  Trail maintenance and upgrades  Improve trailhead and include signage Wasilla Creek Headwaters Trail Recommendations  Assessment of uses and conflicts, trailhead needs  Trail maintenance and stabilization  Update current management plan  Seasonal use restrictions Weiner Lake Trail Recommendations  Trail conditions assessment  Trail maintenance and upgrades  Stabilization Wishbone Lake Trail Recommendations  Establish public use easement, add trail signage, and close off unnecessary “social” trails  Assessment of uses and conflicts  Trail maintenance and upgrades Wishbone Strip Mine Trail Recommendations  Trailhead and trail assessment  Winter maintenance

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Improve maintenance and upgrades

Wolverine Lake Trail Recommendations  Assessment of uses, seasonal limitations, and ownership  Public/owner conflict resolution  Ownership signage  Trail upgrades and signage  Install culvert or bridge at crossing at Wolverine Lake Creek (a salmon stream) Young Creek Trail Recommendations  Assessment of uses, seasonal limitations, ownership, and conflicts  Stabilization and trail maintenance  Trailhead and trail signage

Funding and Finance Strategies Recreation sites and trails in the Matanuska River watershed have never had consistent funding and financial resources to support site and facility needs. The funding opportunities cited below are applicable to regional collaboration projects similar to the study area, and have proven successful in other areas throughout the United States. The most common method for funding these types of projects is to combine public sector options with private sector options including funds from state, federal and private-sector sources. Local advocates and the Chickaloon Village Traditional Council should pursue a variety of funding sources. Enhancements to existing recreation infrastructure will continue to preserve and grow local quality of life and the regional tourism economy. The following list of funding sources is relevant for these purposes. Local Partner Fundraising The Consultant Team recommends that select projects require funding matches from local partners, organizations, and/or stakeholders to support development costs of recreation site and trail improvements. New development initiatives could require as much as a 50% funding match from a local partner that is invested in the long-term operations and success of these facilities and assets. This could include public-private partnerships involving a private developer/operator for certain sites. Examples of specific projects for which this is recommended for are detailed in the table below and on the following page. Potential Capital Project

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Potential Terms

Develop mountain bike skills park/BMX area at an existing recreation site

Private donations to support development costs can potentially be linked to naming or advertising rights at the facility.

Develop trailhead improvements

Private donations can be accepted similar to a “brick paver” campaign to support development costs of a trailhead.

Develop a campground and/or comfort station facilities at a recreation site

A potential developer/operator could be sought to support development costs and operational responsibilities as detailed in a ground lease.

Develop a river access site

Private donations can be accepted similar to a “brick paver” campaign to support development costs of an access site.

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan

Local industries and private businesses may agree to provide support for through one or more of the following methods:    

Donations of cash to a specific project Donations of services by large corporations to reduce the cost of plan implementation, including equipment and labor to construct and install elements of a specific project Reductions in the cost of materials purchased from local businesses that support plan implementation and can supply essential products for site or facility development Sponsorship of a site or project in exchange for recognition or naming rights

Grant Funding The Consultant Team recommends that grant funding be pursued from federal and state agencies, as well as private funding organizations to support recreation site and trail development as a sustainable initiative towards community and economic development. Based upon the recommended capital projects, known grant sources, and current economic conditions, the Matanuska River watershed region could potentially obtain between $250,000 and $1,000,000 in grant funding from various sources to support recreation site and trail development. The success of these efforts, however, will fully depend on the ability of local stakeholder leadership to establish and maintain productive dialogue with elected officials at the state and federal level regarding the importance of recreation site and trail development as a form of community development in the region. Potential recommended capital projects that may be suitable for grant funding include, but are not limited to:       

Improvement of recreation sites Development of campgrounds Development of a regional park Development of additional trailheads and connections Development of river access sites Development of additional amenities in existing recreation sites Trail construction and maintenance

Potential federal and state grants that may apply to the recommended capital projects of this master plan are explained briefly below. Economic Development Administration (EDA), U.S. Department of Commerce EDA supports economic development initiatives in traditionally impoverished areas or areas that have suffered from substantial economic set-backs in recent times. EDA provides matching grants up to several million dollars for capital projects, including parks and recreation. Eligibility criteria for EDA funding include job creation, tax base growth, and strengthening of local economies from out-of-area visitor spending. Community Development Block Grants (CDBG) CDBG funds can be pursued as matching grant opportunities supporting capital projects that have a community development component. Typically, eligibility for CDBG funds is calculated solely on job creation, equating to $10,000 for every job created as a result of the funded project and maintained for an established period of time. USDA Rural Business Enterprise Grants (RBEG) The RBEG program of USDA is a matching grant program supporting the development of rural business in local economies. These funds can be used for either capital or minor capital projects, including

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furniture, fixtures, and equipment. Generally, RBEG grants are between $10,000 and $150,000, but can go up to $250,000 with exceptional circumstances. Eligibility for RBEG funding requires a complex relationship between the grant applicant and the end user of the funds; grant applicants cannot use the funds but must channel them to a rural business or enterprise. It is common that the applicant is a local government or other public entity, and the end user is a small for-profit or non-profit entity. Trail Grants Recreational Trails Program (RTP) funds are administered by the Federal Highway Administration from federal fuel tax. Each state receives an apportionment each year and provides grants for recreational trail projects. For FY2012, the State of Alaska has been apportioned over $1.4 million in RTP funds. These grants are available to government and non-profit agencies, for amounts ranging from $5,000 to $50,000, for the building of a trail, trail maintenance, piece of a trail or equipment. It is a reimbursement grant program (sponsor must fund 100% of the project up front) and requires a 20% local match. This is an annual program, with an application deadline by November. The available funds are split such that 30% goes towards motorized trails, 30% to non-motorized trails, and 40% is discretionary for trail construction. Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Grants The USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) provides funding to state and local agencies or nonprofit organizations authorized to carry out, maintain and operate watershed improvements involving less than 250,000 acres. The NRCS provides financial and technical assistance to eligible projects to improve watershed protection, flood prevention, sedimentation control, public water-based fish and wildlife enhancements, and recreation planning. The NRCS requires a 50-percent local match for public recreation, and fish and wildlife projects. Administration for Native Americans Grants CVTC has already successfully leveraged funding from the Administration for Native Americans (ANA), which is an agency that promotes self-sufficiency for Native Americans by providing grant funding for community based projects. ANA continues to be a potential source for funding of projects administered by Chickaloon Village Traditional Council, including both capital and operational opportunities. Special District Special districts have been extremely successful throughout the United States for local political jurisdictions to generate additional revenues from property taxes to support select public functions including parks. It is recommended that regional stakeholders consider collaborating with other local governmental jurisdictions within the Matanuska River watershed to establish a special district that can issue bonds and levy a mill tax for purposes of funding capital costs and ongoing operational and maintenance requirements of large, regional projects. One example of such a district in Alaska is the AVCP Regional Housing and Community Development Authority located in in Bethel, Alaska. Many counties around the United States that have regional trails systems have developed a trails district to support costs and management requirements for development and maintenance. Sometimes this includes multiple counties, and usually is funded through a bond issue and/or various tax initiatives. A trails district can also be a major impetus for raising external financial support from foundations, individuals, corporate sponsors, grants, and more. Certificates of Participation Certificates of Participation (COPs) can be sold under Alaska and federal law to lease-purchasers as a form of financing large, public capital projects. The region could selectively utilize this strategy to finance new construction, renovation and improvement projects. The COPs are recommended to be sold with an “AAA” rating based on obtaining bond insurance for the issue, provided that such an approach will result in the lowest net borrowing costs. The true interest cost for the COPs should be 161

Matanuska River Watershed Recreation and Trails Plan critically evaluated. With the issuance of these bonds, the Borough debt ratios should not exceed what is allowable by Alaska State law. As permitted by IRS regulations, interest could be paid to the certificate holders during construction and for up to three years from the date of the financing, and be capitalized as part of the financing. This approach provides a funding mechanism for making interest payments on the COPs until the project become operational and begins earning revenues. Adopt-A-Trail Programs These are typically small grant programs that fund new construction, repair/renovation, maps, trail brochures, facilities (bike racks, picnic areas, birding equipment) as well as provide maintenance support. Adopt a trail program is similar to adopt a mile of highway program. Adopt-A-Trail programs can also be in the form of cash contributions that typically include a range of $12,000 to $16,000 a mile to cover the total operational costs. Concerted Coordination with Local, State and Federal Leadership There are critical actions required to successfully position CVTC as a community and economic development asset, and pursue public funding aligned with those purposes. A concerted effort of all layers of public leadership in the region is necessary. Success will likely require the following: 1. Engage borough and local leadership in advocating priorities and needs and community and economic development initiatives. 2. Leverage borough and local leader relationships with State of Alaska elected officials and cabinet leadership to recognize and support the benefits of CVTC being closely tied to community and economic development opportunities. 3. Leverage borough, local, and state leader relationships with the appropriate members of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate from Alaska to open a dialogue with federal funding sources. 4. Establish a working relationship with key contacts at federal funding sources by presenting clear projects, anticipated benefits, and funding requirements in alignment with the vision and mission of this plan, and the related strategic priorities of the region. 5. Maintain dialogue and communication with local liaisons of U.S. elected officials to keep their offices engaged in pressuring federal funding sources to prioritize regional projects for potential support. These suggested actions have proven to be successful for local initiatives to receive substantial federal and state funding.

Implementation Strategies This Recreation and Trails Plan is intended as a resource document and guide to assist land management agencies in a manner that reflects common interests and goals for Matanuska River watershed as determined through numerous meetings with residents and other stakeholders and makes recommendations to agencies, land managers, and service providers. It is also a useful inventory of recreation sites and trails within the study area for stakeholders and user groups. While this plan attempts to be as inclusive as possible, there may be recreation and trail assets not identified and included due to the size, breadth, and reasonable limitations of the project. The Consulting Team recommends the following implementation strategies to guide the improvement of the recreation and trails system within the Matanuska River watershed.  

Consistently engage the public and the users for feedback on the condition and utilization of the trails system Formalize and adopt the design standards as discussed in the plan

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    

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Prioritize recommended improvements for recreation sites, trailheads and trails Seek and secure funding for improvements Implement recommended improvements Formalize and implement maintenance standards across the recreation and trails system, utilizing the Trails Action Plan as a guide Formally establish partnerships for ongoing maintenance and improvements to the system