Program Guide for the

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BIOLOGY Field/laboratory and Literature Thesis Options Including instructions for admission to the program, advisory committee formation, and guidelines for writing the Thesis

Department of Biology University of Central Oklahoma 100 North University Drive Edmond, Oklahoma 73034-5209

Updated Fall 2016

TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1 MISSION STATEMENT - DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY ................................................................. 2 THE GRADUATE FACULTY – DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY ....................................................... 2 THESES – DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY ............................................................................................ 3 SUMMARY OF M.S. IN BIOLOGY DEGREE ....................................................................................... 6 PROGRAM ADMISSION AND REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BIOLOGY....................................................................................... 7 GRADUATE SCHOOL PAGES ....................................................................................................... 8 AFTER BEING ADMITTED TO THE PROGRAM .................................................................... 10 SUGGESTED CALENDAR FOR THE M.S. IN BIOLOGY PROGRAM.......................................... 10 COMPOSITION AND ROLE OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE ................................................. 12 POLICIES FOR CHANGES IN THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE .................................................... 12 REQUIREMENTS AND FORMAT FOR THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE MEETINGS .............. 13 PREPARATION OF THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL, IMPLEMENTATION OF RESEARCH AND WRITING THE THESIS .............................................................................. 15 DESIGNING THE PROJECT AND RESEARCH PROPOSAL .................................................. 15 IMPLEMENTING THE RESEARCH............................................................................................. 18 INTERPRETING THE RESULTS .................................................................................................. 18 THESIS PREPARATION ................................................................................................................. 18 THESIS REVIEW.............................................................................................................................. 19 FORMAT OF THE THESIS............................................................................................................. 20 PUBLIC PRESENTATION AND ORAL DEFENSE ..................................................................... 21 THESIS SUMMARY DOCUMENT ................................................................................................ 22 FINAL DISPOSITION OF THE THESIS ....................................................................................... 25

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GRADUATE STUDENT ASSISTANTSHIPS ....................................................................................... 27 GRADUATE COLLEGE THESIS INSTRUCTIONS .......................................................................... 28 FORMS FOR THE M.S. IN BIOLOGY ................................................................................................. 32 COURSE REQUIREMENT WORKSHEET (Form I)................................................................... 33 ADVISORY COMMITTEE APPROVAL FROM (Form II) ........................................................ 35 FORMAL PROGRAM OF STUDY (Form III) .............................................................................. 36 RESEARCH PROPOSAL APPROVAL FORM (Form IV) .......................................................... 38 NOTIFICATION OF ADVISORY COMMITTEE MEETING (Form V) ................................... 39 COMPLETION OF COMPREHENSIVE WRITTEN EXAM FORM (Form VI) ..................... 40 THESIS DEFENSE SCHEDULING FORM (Form VII) ............................................................... 41 GRADUATE TEACHING ASSISTANT APPLICATION ............................................................ 43

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INTRODUCTION We are pleased that you have expressed an interest in the Master of Science Program in Biology at the University of Central Oklahoma. Information concerning our program is provided in this booklet. The M.S. Degree in Biology at the University of Central Oklahoma is designed to give students a breadth and depth of training in biology beyond that provided by the baccalaureate degree. We serve a broad spectrum of students with diverse backgrounds from metropolitan and rural regions of the state, country, and world. The educational breadth that our students achieve through the Biology M.S. degree originates in the requirement that students complete upper level/graduate courses in six core areas: Plant Biology, Animal Biology, Microbiology, Genetics, Ecology and Cell Biology. Further educational depth of our graduate students is determined by specific courses selected for the student's personalized program of study and their research. Students can choose one of two degree options, either the Field/laboratory or Literature thesis option. The Field/laboratory thesis option provides graduate students with experience in the design, execution, and reporting of scientific research based upon the collection of original data. This option is pursued by students who have a strong interest in research and intend to use these skills in their career. Graduate students who plan to pursue a doctorate after the M.S. degree are strongly encouraged to enroll in this thesis option. The Literature thesis option provides graduate students with additional graduate coursework compared to the thesis option. Graduate students who want to reinforce their knowledge of biology for career as an educator at the secondary or junior college level may want to take advantage of this option. The Department annually awards graduate assistantships on a competitive basis. Graduate assistantships provide financial support, through a tuition waiver and a stipend, in return for completing duties assigned by the Department of Biology. Prior to being accepted into our program, a faculty member must agree to serve as your Major Advisor. Our faculty conducts research in a variety of disciplines in biology. Please visit with our faculty prior to completing your application. Visit the departmental website, www.biology.uco.edu, to see faculty websites. To obtain more information or ask questions, you may also contact either the Department Chairperson (Dr. Bob Brennan, 405-974-5735, [email protected]) or the Graduate Committee Chairperson (Dr. Michelle Haynie, 405-974-5774, [email protected]), or contact the Department of Biology, University of Central Oklahoma, 100 North University Drive, Box 89, Edmond, Oklahoma 73034-5209 ([email protected] or 405-974-5017).

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MISSION AND OBJECTIVES - DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY The Department of Biology is dedicated to excellence in teaching and research. This is achieved through quality instruction and research, publication, as well as participation in scientific societies representing a wide variety of disciplines in biology. Our mission is to give students a broad educational background founded in six core areas of coursework that is augmented by specialization in an area of research of the student's choice. The Department of Biology seeks to blend coursework and research in an educational experience that addresses the scientific challenges of Oklahoma and our global society. In this way, our students obtain the broad intellectual base and professional skills needed to achieve their personal goals and succeed in an ever-changing scientific environment. Our program provides a foundation for students to meet the challenges of diverse career paths in research and secondary or college-level science education.

THE GRADUATE FACULTY – DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY Elizabeth A. Allan: Science Education. B.S., University of Oklahoma; Ph.D., University of California Riverside. Troy A. Baird: Behavioral Ecology and Lower Vertebrate Biology. B.S., California State University at San Diego; M.S., California State University at San Diego; Ph.D. University of British Columbia. John F. Barthell: Invertebrate Terrestrial Ecology. B.S., University of California, Berkeley; Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley. T. David Bass: Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology and Biogeography. B.S., Lamar University; M.S., Lamar University; Ph.D., Texas A&M University. Caroline Bentley: Health Professions Advising and Microbiology and Immunology, B.S., Oral Roberts University; M.A., Virginia Institute of Marine Science; Ph.D., University of Washington. Jim Bidlack: Plant Physiology and Anatomy. B.S., Purdue University; M.S., University of Arkansas; Ph.D., Iowa State University. Robert Brennan: Microbiology and Infectious Disease. B.S., University of South Dakota; M.S. Louisiana State University; Ph.D. Texas A&M Health Sciences Center. Christopher J. Butler: Ornithology and Spatial Dynamics. B.S., Cornell University; Ph.D., Oxford University. Gloria Caddell: Plant Population Biology, Systematics & Ecology, and Pollination Biology. B.A., University of Alabama; M.A., University of Alabama; Ph.D., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Harold Cleveland: Anatomy and Herpetology. B.S., Northwestern State University (LA); M.S. University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign; Ph.D., University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. Michelle L. Haynie: Mammalogy, Population Genetics. B.S., M.S., Oklahoma State University; Ph.D. Texas Tech University. Hari Kotturi: Microbiology and Cancer Biology. B.S., Avanti College (India); M.S., DSM College (India); Ph.D., Clemson University.

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Wayne E. Lord: Entomology and Parasitology. B.S., Eastern University; M.S., University of Delaware; Ph.D., University of New Hampshire. Paul Olson: Environmental Biology. B.S., University of Central Oklahoma; M.S., University of Central Oklahoma; Ph.D. University of Oklahoma. Clark L. Ovrebo: Taxonomy and Ecology of Temperate and Tropical Macrofungi. B.S., Valley City State University; M.S., University of Idaho; Ph.D., University of Toronto. Paul A. Stone: Physiological Ecology and Aquatic Biology of Vertebrates. B.S., University of Florida; M.S., Auburn University; Ph.D., University of New Mexico. Melville B. Vaughan: Cell Biology and Aging of Skin. B.S., University of Oklahoma; Ph.D., University of Oklahoma Health Science Center. Gregory M. Wilson: Population Genetics and Molecular Evolution. B. S., Central College, IA; M.S., Fort Hayes State University; Ph.D., Oklahoma State University.

THESES – DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY Allen, Deborah. 1992. Hemoglobins of the woodrats Neotoma floridana and Neotoma micropus in Oklahoma. Major Advisor: W. Caire. Babb, Marie. 2004. Behavioral ecology and melanism in male red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) in a Central Oklahoma pond. Major Advisor: P. Stone. Barrios, Roger. 1988. Prevalence of antibodies to Legionella pneumophila in residents of eastern Oklahoma. Major Advisor: P. Guthrie. Beshara, Andrea. 2009. Determining Population Boundaries and Densities of Red-eared Sliders (Trachemys scripta): An Empirical Field Test. Major Advisor: P. Stone. Buck, Gregory. 1993. Reliability of forest tree identification as determined by computer analysis using morphological and electrophoretic data. Major Advisor: J. Bidlack. Buckallew, Robin. 2002. A floristic survey and description of vascular plant communities at the Selman Living Laboratory, Woodward County, Oklahoma. Major Advisor: G. Caddell. Burke, Jeff. 2007. Prevalence of antibodies to West Nile Virus in selected farm animals in central Oklahoma. Major Advisor: R. Ahmad. Carpenter-Thies, Kathleen. 1991. House construction by Neotoma micropus in southwestern Oklahoma. Major Advisor: W. Caire. Clarke, Cassandra. 1997. Yield and metabolism of sweet basil [Ocimum basilicum (L.)] as affected by harvest date and Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner). Major Advisor: J. Bidlack. Curtis, Jennifer L. 2010. Social modulation of androgens and glucocorticoids in terrestrial male collared lizards. Major Advisor: T. Baird. Donahoe, Janet. 1989. Prevalence of immunoglobulins to Legionella pneumophila among

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seropositive mother/newborn pairs in Oklahoma. Major Advisor: P. Guthrie. Dulohery, Cynthia. 1991. Effects of ambient temperature on abdominal air sac temperatures and on egg production in the domestic fowl. Major Advisor: W. Radke. Elmer, Aaron. 1997. Organelle-specific enzymes related to chlorophyll biosynthesis in mutant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lines. Major Advisor: J. Bidlack. Estep, Amy. 2000. Geographic variation in wariness, morphology and genetics of the cricket frog, Acris crepitans, in Oklahoma. Major Advisor: J. Hranitz. Fitzsimmons, Toby. 2010. Harnessing solar energy using photosynthetic and organic pigments. 2010. Major Advisor: J. Bidlack. Freimuth, Paula. 1990. Physicochemical conditions and Chironomidae of an urban pond. Major Advisor: D. Bass. Grantham, Richard. 1990. Apomorphine dosages for use in avian stomach contents recovery. Major Advisor: W. Radke. Hardisty, Mark. 1987. Electrophoretic analysis of PGI and MDH in Opuntia cymochila and O. phaeacantha. Major Advisor: W. Caire. Hoggard, Gloria. 1998. A taxonomic treatment of the Oklahoma species of Gaura (Onagraceae). Major Advisor: G. Caddell. Hoggard, Ronald. 1998. A taxonomic treatment of the Oklahoma species of Plantaginaceae. Major Adviosr: G. Caddell. Hoss, Sarah. 2012. Genetic variation at major histocompatibility complex loci in Neotoma albigula (white-throated woodrat): Potential clues to the evolution of North American arenaviruses. Advisor: M. Haynie. Liaw, Shang-Wen. 1999. The structure of the gynostegium, breeding system, and pollination ecology of spider milkweed, Asclepias viridis Walt. (Asclepiadaceae). Major Advisor: G. Caddell. Loucks, Linda. 1996. Sex ratio variation of Myotis velifer (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Oklahoma. Major Advisor: W. Caire. Luna, Linda. 2000. Density dependent intrasexual social behavior in female thirteen-lined ground squirrels, Spermophilus tridecemlineatus. Major Advisor: T. Baird. Maddox, Scott. 2005. Bioaugmentation of open-water oil spills. Major Advisor: D. Elmendorf. Matzinger, Margaret. 1993. Downstream drift of aquatic insects in the Blue River of south-central Oklahoma. Major Advisor: D. Bass. Miller, David. 2003. A survey of the Macrofungi of Pontotoc Ridege Nature Preserve, Oklahoma. Major Advisor: C. Ovrebo.

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Ojago, James. 1987. Passive immunity in foal: quantitative analysis of serum immunoglobulins for the assessment of immunoglobulin G transfer. Major Advisor: R. Ahmad. Olson, Paul. 1993. Metabolism, quality variation, and production aspects of sweet basil [Ocimum basilicum (L.)] subjected to natural pest control. Major Advisor: J. Bidlack. Perdue-Rudisill, Tracy S. 2004. An ecological survey of the freshwater spring system at Roman Nose State Park, Oklahoma. Major Advisor: D. Bass. Peterson, Joanne. 2009. The effects of replicative senescence and telomerase on contraction and motility of fibroblasts. Major Advisor: M. Vaughan. Pilula, Mpala. 2004. Isolation, characterization, and identification of alkalophilic and alkalotolerant bacteria from gypsum outcrops in Northwestern Oklahoma; Major Advisor: D. Elmendorf. Porter, Monty. 2005. Effects of a cyclical water regimen and variable harvests on vessel development, plant biomass, and morphological characteristics in pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]. Major Advisor: J. Bidlack. Rajan, Prianka. 2006. Population genetic structure of the yellow bellied marmet, Marmota flaviventris, in the central Rocky Mountain region of North America. Major Advisor: G. Wilson Reap, Angela. 2006. Geographic variation in a solitary species of wasp, Trypoxylon tridentatum. Major Advisor: J. Barthell. Rice, Kristi. 2008. Effects of abiotic factors and cattle grazing on gypsum outcrop plant communitites in the Cimmarron Gypsum Hills, northwestern Oklahoma. Major Advisor: G. Caddell. Roy, Christopher. 2010. Genetic diversity of the Brownsville Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis tricas insperata). Major Advisor: C. Butler. Schwartz, Andrew. 2002. Variation in the social behavior of adult male collared lizards, Crotophytus collaris: and evaluation of three hypotheses. Major Advisor: T. Baird. Sloan, Christopher. 1997. Intrasexual aggression, competition, and social dominance in female collared lizards, Crotophytus collaris. Major advisor: T. Baird. Sohrabi, Nancy. 1986. Albumin excretion by the bat, Myotis velifer. Major Advisor: R. Bogenschutz. Stancampiano, Anthony. 1990. Food habits of Peromyscus and Reithrodontomys in the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge. Major Advisor: W. Caire. Stanila, Brian. 2009. Morphology and development of Sonoran mud turtles (Kinosternon sonoriense) along a aquatic habitat permanence gradient. Major Advisor: P. Stone. Stevens, Sandra. 1991. Home range of the eastern woodrat, Neotoma floridana as determined by radio-telemetry. Major Advisor: W. Caire.

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Sung, Mei-Chen. 1999. Phytoremediation of cadmium-, chromium-, mercury-contaminated soil. Major Advisor: J. Bidlack. (Literature Thesis) Telemeco, Rory. 2009. Are reproductive life history traits of Australian three-lined skinks fixed or phenotypically plastic? Major Advisor: T. Baird. Thies, Monte. 1987. Spatial distribution of Neotoma micropus nests in southwestern Oklahoma. Major Advisor: W. Caire. Timanus, Dusti. 1999. Phenotypic variation among adult male collared lizards, Crotophytus collaris, influence of morphology and space use on mating success. Major Advisor: T. Baird. Zanowiak, Donna. 1987. Description of the external bacterial flora of the cave bat, Myotis velifer, during hibernation. Major Advisor: T. Harrison.

SUMMARY OF M.S. IN BIOLOGY DEGREE FIELD/LABORATORY THESIS OPTION Students must complete 32 hours of coursework, all of which must be at the 5000 level. Normally, a student in this thesis option will take 6 hours of thesis and 26 hours of formal classroom coursework. Formal classroom coursework for the M.S. in Biology is designed to ensure that students are well versed in all areas of biology and have the background needed to perform research and write a thesis. A written thesis, based upon original data collected in the laboratory or the field, is required for this option and must be defended orally.

LITERATURE–BASED THESIS OPTION Students must complete 32 hours of coursework for this option, all of which must be at the 5000 level. In this option, students will take 2 hours of Directed Study and 30 hours of formal classroom coursework. Formal classroom coursework for the Literature-based thesis option should represent all areas of biology and provide background that will enable students to write a thesis. This thesis is based upon data collected from the literature and organized into a new synthesis. This thesis option must also be defended orally. Both the Field/laboratory and Literature-based options require a written thesis. For the remainder of this program guide, this written work whether Field/laboratory or Literature-based, is referred to simply as the “thesis.”

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PROGRAM ADMISSION AND REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BIOLOGY Guidelines for admission to the program are described in this section. The guidelines listed on the following two pages are excerpted from page 150 of the 2016/2017 Graduate Catalogue.

College: Mathematics & Science

From Graduate Catalog, 2016 – 2017

University of Central Oklahoma University of Central Oklahoma

Program: Major: Major Code: 6600 Degree: Master of Science (M.S.) Department: Biology College: Mathematics and Science Graduate Advisor: Dr. Michelle Haynie E-Mail Address: [email protected] Office Address: HOH 200 B Phone Number: 405-974-5774 Biology, M.S. The M.S. Degree in Biology is designed to give students depth of training in biology beyond that provided by the baccalaureate degree. Students, in concert with their advisory committee, design a Plan of Study containing focused graduate coursework relevant to their area of interest. All students choose one of two paths of study. The Field/Laboratory-Thesis Option and the Literature-Thesis Option both provide further educational depth through research and completion of specific courses selected for the students’ personalized programs of study. The Field/Laboratory-Thesis Option provides graduate students with experience in the design, execution, and reporting of scientific research based upon the collection of original data. Graduate students who plan to enter research professions and/or pursue a doctorate degree should enroll in the Field/Laboratory Thesis Option. The Literature-Thesis option provides graduate students with more graduate coursework than the Field/Laboratory Thesis option. Graduate students who want to reinforce their knowledge of biology for a career as an educator at the secondary or two-year college levels may want to take advantage of this option. Admission Requirements Submit the following items to the Jackson College of Graduate Studies (JCGS), 100 N. University Dr., Nigh University Center, Rm. 404, Edmond, OK 73034. 1. Written statement of a graduate faculty member’s commitment to serve as mentor/advisor. 2. Online application for admission (www.uco.edu/graduate/admissions.html). 3. Official copies of undergraduate and graduate transcripts from each institution attended with all degrees posted. All transcripts must be from accredited institutions. Undergraduate transcripts must show: a. A minimal 2.50 GPA overall and 3.00 GPA in the last 60 hours attempted. b. Completion of 18 undergraduate hours in Biology and other prerequisites (10 hrs chemistry

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including Organic Chemistry, one course in Physics, Calculus and Statistics with a minimum grade of “C”.) 4. GRE scores with a preferred minimum overall (quantitative + verbal sections) score of 297 (new scoring system) or 1000 (old scoring system). 5. Three letters of recommendation. 6. Students with a native language other than English must submit evidence of English language proficiency. See Admission to Graduate Studies section – English Language Proficiency (p.15). Note: Students must meet with faculty mentor/advisor in group or individual advisement session before enrolling. Graduation Requirements Field/Lab Thesis Option Required Courses: .................................................6 Hours BIO 5990 Thesis hours (6 total and spread among semesters)

Guided Electives (5000 level courses only) .......26 Hours Courses chosen in consultation with Thesis Advisory Committee. Original research is a part of the Field/Lab Thesis Option. TOTAL HOURS REQUIRED ...............................32 HOURS Literature Thesis Option Required Courses: .................................................2 Hours BIO 5990 Thesis hours (2 total and spread among semesters)

Guided Electives (5000 level courses only) .......30 Hours Courses chosen in consultation with Thesis Advisory Committee TOTAL HOURS REQUIRED ...............................32 HOURS NOTE: Each student must complete 32 hours of 5000 level coursework, which includes thesis hours. To ensure that students are broadly educated in biology, each student must have satisfactorily completed (during either their undergraduate or graduate work) at least one 3000, 4000 or 5000 level course in each of the following areas: Plant Biology, Animal Biology, Microbiology, Cellular Biology, Genetics and Ecology. Students who enter the M.S. Biology Program without completing an upper-level course in each core area will be required to complete a 5000 level course in each area in which they are deficient. The Plan of Study should be designed based on this requirement and the student’s academic record. Other Requirements 1. Thesis Advisory Committee. Form a Thesis Advisory Committee and meet with it each semester. 2. Plan of Study. Each student must file a plan of study with his/her graduate program advisor and the Jackson College of Graduate Studies by the end of the first semester of graduate work. The plan must be signed and dated by the student and the graduate program advisor before it can be considered official. 3. Academic Standards. Meet the following course work standards: (a) overall GPA of 3.00 or higher. (b) no more than 6 hours of “C”. (c) no more than six advisor-approved hours from traditional correspondence courses. 4. Comprehensive Exam. Complete a comprehensive exam with a minimum score of “pass” in all of the

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following areas: Animal Biology, Plant Biology, Cell Biology, Microbiology, Genetics, and Environmental Biology/Ecology. Note: With the approval of the graduate program advisor, a student who fails one or more of these exams may once, but only once, retake those exam(s). 5. Thesis. Complete an acceptable thesis, present it to the public, and defend it successfully before the Advisory Committee. Submit two paper copies of the thesis and one electronic copy to the library through Proquest and the thesis’ title page, original signature page, summary and abstract page to the JCGS. 6. Final Requirements. Apply for graduation through the JCGS by advertised deadline. (end of pages from Graduate Catalog)

AFTER BEING ADMITTED TO THE PROGRAM Enrollment: Students must be cautioned that courses completed as a graduate student before formation of the Advisory Committee and before taking the Advisory Examination will only be accepted as part of the program of study at the discretion of the student's Advisory Committee. Students are encouraged to meet with the thesis advisor prior to enrolling. Advisory Examination: The advisory exam is no longer required. Selection of the Advisory Committee: Preferably during the first semester but no later than the second semester of the program, and under advisement of the Major Advisor, the student should select at least two other Biology Department faculty members willing to serve on the Advisory Committee. One of the committee members or a fourth committee member from outside the Department of Biology may serve on the student's Advisory Committee. Graduate Comprehensive Exam: Comprehensive written exams are to be scheduled as the student approaches the completion of the degree, e.g., late in the second year, no later than three weeks before the beginning of the final examination week for the Fall and Spring semesters and no later than 10 days prior to the beginning of the final examination week for the Summer semester. The comprehensive exams examine the student’s knowledge in the six core areas of biology. In the event of an unsatisfactory performance on three of the six written examination questions, the candidate may petition to be re-examined during the graduate exam period of the following semester. Reexamination, except in extraordinary circumstances, will be allowed only once. Thesis Defense Dates: The thesis defense is to be held no later than three weeks before the beginning of the final examination week for the Fall and Spring semesters and no later than 10 days prior to the beginning of the final examination week for the Summer session. The public presentation and oral defense of the thesis before the advisory committee may occur on the same day or on different days. Usually, however, the defense in front of the Advisory Committee occurs immediately following the public presentation. The public presentation may not be scheduled during intersessions or holiday breaks. For the public presentation, a representative from the Jackson College of Graduate Studies and Research must be present. The deadline for turning in the thesis to the Graduate College is the last day of the semester including summer.

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SUGGESTED CALENDAR FOR THE M.S. IN BIOLOGY PROGRAM The following schedule is suggested to promote completion of the M.S. in Biology Degree in about two years. This schedule is for full time Master's students; students who either enroll part-time or discontinuously will undoubtedly take longer to complete the degree. For regulations regarding discontinuous enrollment, see the Graduate Catalog provided by the Graduate College. FIRST SEMESTER 1. Establish a research interest with a potential Major Advisor and begin formulation of the research project. 2. Form the Advisory Committee, have initial meeting with Committee and file Form V – Notification of Advisory Committee Meeting with Graduate Committee chair. File Form II – Advisory Committee Approval Form with the Graduate College and Graduate Committee Chair. 3. Complete Form I – Course Requirement Worksheet. This form is not submitted anywhere. 4. Complete Form III – Outline of the Formal Program of Study which includes a list of courses to be taken. Submit Form III to the Graduate College and Graduate Committee Chair. 5. Begin writing/revising the thesis proposal. SECOND SEMESTER 1. If not done during the first semester, complete and submit forms I, II, III, V. 2. Upon completion and approval of research proposal, submit Form IV – Research Proposal Approval to Graduate College and Graduate Committee Chair. 2. Begin data collection. 3. Meet with Advisory Committee and file a progress report (Form V) with Graduate Committee Chair. THIRD SEMESTER 1. Update faculty members about research progress by conducting an Advisory Committee Meeting and file progress report (Form V) with the Graduate Committee Chair. 2. Continue data collection and initiate data analysis. FOURTH SEMESTER 1. Complete data collection. 2. Continue data analysis and begin writing the thesis. 3. Update Advisory Committee with preliminary results at progress report meeting. File progress report (Form V). 4. Consult with faculty concerning study areas for the comprehensive written examination. 5. Take the comprehensive written examination. Graduate Program Advisor submits Form VI. 6. If necessary, confer with faculty members regarding performance on the written examination. FIFTH SEMESTER AND ADDITIONAL SEMESTERS AS NECESSARY 1. Finish data analysis and the thesis. 2. Submit thesis to the Major Advisor for revision. Revise and re-submit until the Major Advisor is satisfied with the thesis. 3. Submit thesis to Advisory Committee. Allow at least two weeks for the Advisory Committee to

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read and comment on the thesis. 4. Make revisions and confer with members of the Advisory Committee. 5. Schedule defense with Graduate College two weeks prior to defense date and submit thesis summary. Submit Form VII – Thesis Defense Scheduling Form to Graduate College. 5. Advertise public presentation at least one week prior to the presentation. 6. Hold public presentation and oral defense. 7. Apply for graduation for graduation through the Graduate College by the advertised deadline.

COMPOSITION AND ROLE OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE Each Candidate for the M.S. in Biology Degree is required to form an Advisory Committee consisting of a Major Advisor and at least two other graduate faculty from the Department of Biology. One of the three committee members other than the major advisor may be from outside of UCO. Also, a fourth individual may be chosen to serve on the Advisory Committee if approved by the other members. Outside committee members should carry credentials from another department, university, government agency, or industry that qualifies him or her as a professional in the area of study representative of the candidate's research. Outside committee members have a vote during the thesis defense and his/her name is included on the signature page of the thesis. Traditionally, the Advisory Committee operates in a mentorial capacity. The mentor–student relationship is critical to the success of the Candidate and differs substantially from associations between faculty and students in the classroom. The Major Advisor serves as director of research. The Advisory Committee, as a whole, makes suggestions about and approves the candidate's graduate program (which includes a list of coursework), research proposal, research progress, and the final written presentation of the thesis. The Advisory Committee judges the final oral defense. Because the Major Advisor and Advisory Committee play such an important role in the successful completion of the M.S. in Biology Degree, candidates are urged to give serious consideration to selection of those faculty who will be working with them for the duration of their degree.

POLICIES FOR CHANGES IN THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE STUDENT INITIATED CHANGES IN COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP: Candidates are urged to give serious consideration to the selection of the Major Advisor and Advisory Committee members. It is to the Candidate's advantage to avoid differences that necessitate changes in Advisory Committee membership during their program. Prior to the filing of the Formal Program of Study and Research Proposal (separate entities), no formal action is required should the student wish to make changes in membership of the Advisory Committee. Should the need for such changes arise subsequent to the filing of the Formal Program of Study and research proposal, student-initiated changes in the Advisory Committee require that the Candidate make a written request to the Major Advisor. The request must fully explain the reasoning for the proposed change(s). The Major Advisor will review the request and decide whether or not the change(s) are justified and give written notification to the Candidate, the Advisory Committee, the Department Chair, Department of Biology Graduate Committee Chair, and submit a revised Program of Study to the Graduate College. In instances of changes in committee membership, candidates are required to return to members who are no longer on the Advisory Committee any borrowed property including equipment, supplies, papers, books, and research data. Failure to comply may result in dismissal

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from the M.S. in Biology Graduate Program. Should the student desire a change of Major Advisor, the research project will not be released to the student without written notification to the Department of Biology Graduate Committee from the Major Advisor. Should the original Major Advisor release the research project, the new Major Advisor must notify the Graduate Committee Chair in writing that he or she is willing to sponsor the student on the same project. Should the student desire to change the Major Advisor and the original advisor is not willing to release the original project, the student may propose a different research project and form a new Advisory Committee. With the change in the Major Advisor, the student must submit a new Program of Study to the Graduate College. In the case that these guidelines are not followed, or at the discretion of the Department of Biology Graduate Committee, the student may be dismissed from the M.S. in Biology Graduate Program. Once again, the Candidate is required to return to the Major Advisor all borrowed property including equipment, supplies, papers, books and research data. FACULTY-INITIATED CHANGES IN COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP: Every attempt to resolve problems between the Candidate and one or more Advisory Committee members, particularly the Major Advisor, should be made through meetings of the individuals concerned. In exceptional circumstances that cannot be resolved though communicative efforts, Advisory Committee members may find it necessary to withdraw from the committee. Should this situation arise after the Candidate has successfully proposed a research project and filed a Formal Program of Study, the Advisory Committee member(s) will implement the following procedure: give written notification of intention to withdraw will be given to the Candidate, Major Advisor, other Advisory Committee members, Department of Biology Graduate Committee Chair and the Biology Department Chair. A revised Program of Study will need to be filed with the Graduate College. The reasons for withdrawal should be clearly stated. When the Advisory Committee member with concern is the Major Advisor, the letter should clearly state the concerns about the Candidate's performance and the specific corrective action(s) required of the Candidate. The Candidate has five working days to respond, in writing, to the Advisory Committee, the Biology Department Chair and Department of Biology Graduate Committee Chair. Should the Candidate's response be deemed appropriate and provide indication of his or her intent to satisfy the concerns, the Major Advisor will so notify the Candidate, the Advisory Committee, the Biology Department Chair and Department of Biology Graduate Committee Chair. If the response is not satisfactory, the Major Advisor may withdraw and the association is terminated. All parties are notified and the decision for termination is forwarded to the Graduate College. The Candidate will immediately return any and all equipment, supplies, papers, books, research data, and other property of Advisory Committee members. Thesis grades that are currently outstanding shall receive the letter grade of "F" or "S" depending upon the decision of the Major Advisor. The Candidate should understand that withdrawal of the Major Advisor may result in termination of the student's graduate program, including the research, list of courses to be taken, and the Advisory Committee. Unless indicated otherwise by written notification from the Major Advisor to the Biology Department Graduate Committee, the research project is considered property of the Major Advisor. The Candidate will not be allowed to transfer the research project to another Major Advisor without written release from the Major Advisor.

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REQUIREMENTS AND FORMAT FOR THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE MEETINGS Beginning with the formation of the Advisory Committee, Master's Candidates are required to hold a meeting with their Advisory Committee at least once per semester. Meetings are to be held no later than the last week of classes. It is the Candidate's responsibility to schedule the meeting at a time that is agreeable to all Advisory Committee members. It is the Major Advisor's responsibility to ensure that the Candidate holds these meetings, and that a report of the meeting is filed with the Graduate Committee Chair. PRE-PROPOSAL MEETING(S): If so desired by the Candidate and Major Advisor, one or more meetings may be held to form the Advisory Committee, to discuss the Candidate's research in a general way, to establish a graduate program (which includes a list of coursework), and to discuss other matters of concern. Such meetings are optional if the Candidate is prepared to propose research at a first committee meeting. Form II is a worksheet to help assess the courses completed and courses to be taken. RESEARCH PROPOSAL MEETING: For both the field/laboratory and literature theses, the candidate is required to propose research to the Advisory Committee and file his or her list of coursework to be taken for the M.S. Degree in Biology. Research should be proposed as soon as possible in the Candidate's program. At least one week prior to the research proposal meeting, Candidates are required to give a copy of the thesis proposal to each Advisory Committee member. At the meeting, Candidates are required to make a short (10 to 20 minute) presentation of the proposed research and should be prepared to answer questions pertaining to the purpose of the study, research design, and the nature and significance of anticipated results. Once the research proposal has been accepted by the committee, a copy must be filed with the Graduate Committee Chair. A Program of Study (Form IV) must be submitted to the Graduate College and Graduate Committee Chair. PROGRESS REPORT MEETINGS: At least once each semester, the Candidate is required to meet with the Advisory Committee and give a report of progress on the research project so that problems and/or changes can be discussed. Notification of the completion of progress report meetings, including a summary of modifications of the study (if any) must be sent to the Chair of the Graduate Committee by the Major Advisor using Form V no later than the end of final examination week. Note: candidates are required to hold a progress report meeting each semester, even if they have completed their course work and are off-campus. THESIS DEFENSE: Candidates are required to make a formal presentation (about 30 minutes) of the Field/laboratory or Literature Thesis to the Advisory Committee and to the public. No less than two weeks prior to this defense, a copy of the thesis is to be given to each Advisory Committee member. Candidates are required to advertise the oral defense to the Department of Biology by placing a notice in faculty/graduate student mailboxes and posting it on bulletin boards in Howell Hall. Campus-wide notices to other departments are optional. Announcements should be disseminated at least one week prior to the oral defense. The oral defense by the Candidate is to be followed by a period of questioning which is open to all those who attend. Following public questioning, everyone except the Advisory Committee will be dismissed by the Major Advisor. The candidate will then be examined further regarding the thesis research and other general questions by the Advisory Committee. In exceptional cases, the public presentation and defense before the Advisory Committee may be scheduled on separate dates. A representative from the Graduate Council will attend the public presentation.

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PREPARATION OF THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL, IMPLEMENTATION OF RESEARCH AND WRITING THE THESIS DESIGNING THE PROJECT AND RESEARCH PROPOSAL The Master's Thesis is thought to be the "capstone" of the M.S. in Biology Program. It presents the student's ability to design, implement, and interpret scientific research. The successful Master's Thesis will prepare students for further research in academic and/or industrial settings. The Master of Science Degree in Biology at the University of Central Oklahoma requires either a thesis based upon original research (Field/laboratory Thesis Option) or a research paper (Literature-Thesis Option) as agreed upon by the Advisory Committee. During the beginning stages of the project, and in consultation with the Major Advisor, the student must prepare a written proposal of the research. The purpose of the research proposal is to help the student and the Advisory Committee in making a realistic evaluation of the proposed research with respect to originality, feasibility, expense, time required, and results. Students should follow the general outline shown below in preparation of the proposal, although the Major Advisor may stipulate format changes if desired. Length, breadth, and scope of proposals will vary depending on the nature of the specific project and research area. The student should consult with the Major Advisor and other Advisory Committee members regarding the specific requirements of the proposal. TITLE PAGE: Include the title of your project, your name, the names of members of the Advisory Committee (Major Advisor listed first and remaining members in listed alphabetical order), and the date. LITERATURE REVIEW: Review the literature with the goal of developing a sound basis for investigating the chosen research problem. Identify a specific research area and provide ample evidence in the form of references to show the need for additional research. Be sure to address work by other authors leading to the project you have developed. If applicable, formulate the hypothesis in relation to the literature. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT: State the specific objectives to be addressed and how fulfillment of these objectives will contribute to the current state of knowledge in the chosen research area. MATERIALS AND METHODS AND FIELD/LABORATORY DESIGN: Explain where the experiment will be conducted and the materials that will be needed to perform experiments/study. Describe specific procedures and the field/laboratory design that will be used to statistically analyze the results. In order to incorporate the appropriate statistics, great care must be taken to design the experiments so that the data can be statistically analyzed. PRELIMINARY DATA AND/OR ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Provide any preliminary data and/or describe the expected results of the research. Explain the significance of these results. SCHEDULE: Construct a time table which shows the expected dates for the start and completion of each phase of the project. BUDGET: Itemize and estimate the expense of equipment, materials and supplies, travel, and any direct costs required for the project. See sample budget sheet that follows below. Once the final draft of the proposal is agreed upon by the student and the Major Advisor, it should

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be presented to the Advisory Committee for further review. During the proposal meeting, the Advisory Committee will provide suggestions that, if agreed upon by the committee as a whole, should be used to implement the project. Once the Advisory Committee approves the project, the student may begin collecting data.

Name or description

Item 1. Nonexpendable and/or Permanent Equipment

2. Materials and Supplies Chemicals and Glassware Computer software & rental Clerical supplies Other (itemize) 3. Travel Local and Reimbursed Out-of-state and Direct Expenditures 4. All other direct costs Subcontracts Publication Consulting Other direct costs not listed (itemize) 5. Total amount of grant 6. Contribution(s) from organizations other than UCO 7. Total

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Amount

IMPLEMENTING THE RESEARCH As outlined in the research proposal, the student should implement the project by collecting data that will answer a scientific question. Field/laboratory procedures, observations during those procedures, and results should be recorded in a notebook that can be easily interpreted by the student and Major Advisor. If the procedures, observations, or results are not answering the question(s) addressed by the research proposal, then the student should consult with the Major Advisor, Advisory Committee, and other scientists to see if changes need to be made. When major changes are required, they should be presented during a progress report meeting with the Advisory Committee. As data are being collected, the student should begin interpreting results and how those results will be explained in the thesis. Many successful students begin writing the Introduction, Materials and Methods, and even some of the Results section of the thesis while they are still in the process of collecting data.

INTERPRETING THE RESULTS Interpreting data can be a subject of debate, but statistics provides the best tool for justifying how results are presented. Statistics should be used in presenting field/laboratory results and conclusions drawn from those results should answer the question first addressed in the research proposal. If the experiment is designed and implemented correctly, it will be successful in answering the question. Observations, tables, graphs, and figures provide readers with justification of your interpretations. Each should be accompanied by statistical evaluation that explains whether or not the results are significant. Text that accompanies observations, tables, graphs, and figures should "walk the reader" though interpretation of your results, conclusions, and the biological significance of the experiment.

THESIS PREPARATION The accepted format for Field/laboratory theses in the Department of Biology at the University of Central Oklahoma is the "Traditional Format." The format for the Literature-based thesis will vary as indicated by the Advisory Committee. The thesis will include an Introduction with a literature review, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion, and Conclusions. There are variations of this format, depending on the Major Advisor and/or Advisory Committee. The sections outlined below are what most students use in writing their thesis. The specific form of the thesis and reference style will vary depending on the sub-discipline addressed by the thesis. In most cases, the style will be specified by the journal in which the Major Advisor usually publishes. For example, a thesis or research paper written for eventual publication in the Canadian Journal of Plant Science should follow the "Notice To Authors" of the most recent issue of the Canadian Journal of Plant Science. Unless specified otherwise, most publications follow the format outlined in the sixth edition (or later) of the CBE Manual (1994), available from the Council of Biology Editors, Inc., 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20814. Title: Descriptive and creative title which encompasses all aspects of the report. The title of the thesis should be consistent with the title that is first submitted to the Graduate College with the

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Formal Program of Study. The first letter of each word in the title should be capitalized and all other letters are lower case letters. In the case of scientific names, which should be in parentheses next to common names, use italics and capitalize those letters as specified in scientific nomenclature. Abstract: The abstract should not be written until the rest of the thesis is completed. It must be one paragraph and limited to 175 words. Do not cite references, taxonomic authorities, or use abbreviations (unless specified and repeated) in the abstract. Be concise, but include the purpose, materials and methods, results, and significance of findings. Introduction: Identify a scientific problem and how it will be addressed. Justify the problem and why a solution is important through a complete review of the literature. Acknowledge related work and provide evidence of how the proposed research will contribute toward what has already been done. Specify the objectives and what fulfillment of those objectives will mean to the scientific community. Materials and Methods: Explain where the experiment/study was conducted and the materials that were needed to perform experiments. Describe specific procedures and the field/laboratory design that will be used to statistically analyze the results. Results and Discussion: This section includes observations, tables, graphs, and figures. The data are presented, along with statistical evaluation, to point out differences and trends in the results. A well-written document will thoroughly describe what is presented in tables, graphs, and figures. Comparison of the student’s results to other published research is almost always necessary. Explain why the new research agrees or disagrees with what has already been published. Interpretation of the data should be included after the results are presented. An amalgamation of the thesis results and what has been published in the literature should be used to draw conclusions. Conclusions: Conclusions should address the major findings of the research and how these findings fulfill the objectives. A solution to the original scientific problem should be provided.

THESIS REVIEW First Round of Revisions: The thesis should be written and revised several times under the direction of the Major Advisor. When approved by the Major Advisor, the revised draft of the thesis may be submitted to members of the Advisory Committee for further review. Second Round of Revisions: At least two weeks must be provided for individuals of the Advisory Committee to read and review the thesis. They in turn, will provide suggestions which, upon approval of the committee as a whole, should be used to revise the thesis. Further submission and revision of the thesis will follow until all committee members are satisfied with the document. Third Round of Revisions: Even if the approved version of the thesis passed during the oral defense of thesis, further revisions may be necessary before committee members will sign the Approval Page. Final Draft of the Thesis. After the public presentation and oral defense, once the final draft of the thesis is complete, the Candidate will make at least three copies to be taken to the library for binding. Each of the copies must bear the original signatures of the Advisory Committee. Additional copies may be made for the student, Major Advisor, Advisory Committee Members, and

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others, but must be paid for by the student. Documents for the Graduate College: Upon successful completion of the Thesis, the Candidate is required to turn in to the Graduate College a copy of the Title Page, Thesis Abstract, and original signature page. FORMAT OF THE THESIS Sequence of Material: The specific form of the thesis will vary as a function of the unique requirements dictated by a particular discipline. Consult the theses stored in the Biology Conference Room for ideas of formatting and arrangement of sections. If your Major Advisor had previous graduate students, then he/she probably has a preferred style of organization. Although all theses may not contain each of the listed sections, this general sequence shall be followed when possible 1. Title Page: The Title and Approval pages shall be symmetrically balanced, based on an imaginary line drawn 3 inch to the right of the center page. The nature of the paper (THESIS, CREATIVE PROJECT, etc.) and exact title of the degree sought must be given on this page (see example, p 23). 2. Approval Page: Three signatures are a minimum. However, if the committee consists of more than three readers, the Candidate should provide a line for each member. The first signature shall be designated as the Major Advisor’s signature. All committee members must sign all copies of the thesis. The signing date will also be specified on this page. Sample Title and Approval pages are shown in example sheets following these instructions (p. 27). 3. Acknowledgments: Acknowledge source of funding and those who contributed help toward the project. 4. Table of Contents: All chapter or major headings must be identified by page number. 5. List of Tables: Page numbers must be cited. 6. List of Figures or Illustrations: Page numbers must be cited. 7. Abstract: The Thesis shall include an abstract of 100-175 words. 8. Body of the Text: In the case of the Department of Biology, this will include the INTRODUCTION, MATERIALS AND METHODS, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION, AND CONCLUSIONS. 9. Bibliography, References, or Literature Cited: See specific style manual. 10. Appendices: In the case of the Department of Biology, this can include raw data and statistical programs. Pagination: Do not number the Title or Approval pages. The Title and Approval pages count as page "i" and "ii," respectively, but are not numbered. For subsequent and preliminary pages, number with small roman numerals (iii, iv, v, vi, etc.) centered at the bottom of the page on the seventh line above the edge (exactly one inch from the bottom of the page).

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Formatting suggested for the Department of Biology: Left margin is 12" (to leave space for binding), top and right and bottom margins are 1". Page numbers are exactly 1" from the top or 1" from the bottom, depending on the style manual or specific target journal. At least one full line should separate the page number from the text. Headings should follow the format of the style manual or specific target journal. One example is: main headings (INTRODUCTION, MATERIALS AND METHODS, etc.) are in all capitals centered at the top of the page; subheadings have the first letter of each word capitalized and are centered at the beginning of the heading; sub-sub headings are underlined and indented for the beginning of the paragraph for that heading. Bold face font can also be used for headings/subheadings. If a heading or first line of a paragraph is the last line of the page, move it to the beginning of the next page. Other than the introductory/cover pages, the Graduate College has no formal requirements for formatting the thesis.

PUBLIC PRESENTATION AND ORAL DEFENSE In addition to the public presentation of the thesis, an oral defense will be conducted by the members of the student's Advisory Committee. The final examination will be an oral defense of the thesis, although the student can anticipate questions over the broad spectrum of biology as well. Only the Advisory Committee will decide the results of the examination. Upon successful completion of the examination and all other degree requirements, the Advisory Committee will recommend the awarding of the M.S degree by the Graduate College. Satisfactory Examination: At the conclusion of a satisfactory examination, each member of the committee must sign all copies of the Approval page. A satisfactory examination is defined as the unanimous vote of the Thesis Committee for approval. Unsatisfactory Examination: If the Candidate fails to receive a unanimous vote from the Advisory Committee, the Major Advisor must facilitate the following: 1. Immediately notify the Candidate of the difficulty or problem areas associated with the failure to receive a satisfactory vote. 2. Establish a time-line for satisfactory re-writing of the thesis. This time-line will include a tentative date for a second oral examination.

THESIS SUMMARY DOCUMENT Beginning July, 1, 2010, a thesis summary document is to be provided at the final defense and handed out to those in attendance. The instructions given below are from the 2016-2017 Graduate Catalog. The student is required to prepare a Thesis Summary Document for faculty use in his/her thesis defense. The intent is to cause the thesis student to verbalize his/her rationale for key research decisions and thus to assist him/her in defending those rationales before his/her committee. The document must include: 1. Statement of the Problem or Issue (one paragraph) 2. Brief Summary of the Literature (one or two paragraphs)

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3. Thesis Statement (one or two sentences) 4. Statement of the Research Methodology (one sentence) Examples of Qualitative Analysis, most applicable to studies of small groups, whole populations, or nonrepetitive or non-repeatable phenomena. Analytical approaches include but are not limited to: case study, participant observation, narrative, biography, focus group, textual and contextual, qualitative theory, philosophical and artistic. Examples of Quantitative Analysis, most applicable to studies of population samples and of repetitive or repeatable phenomena. Analytical approaches include but are not limited to: scientific, survey, quantitative theory, statistical, and predictive. 5. Brief Summary of Findings (one paragraph) 6. Confirmation, Modification, or Denial of Thesis (one sentence) 7. Statement of the Significance of the Findings (one or two paragraphs) 8. Suggestions for Future Research (one or two sentences; optional)

Below is an example of a Thesis Summary document kindly provided by Dr. Wei Chen.

Thesis Summary Document Thesis Title Monitoring Temperature Distribution during Laser-Tissue Interaction for Cancer Treatment Using Magnetic Resonance Thermometry Akhee Sarker Department of Engineering and Physics Wei R. Chen, Ph.D. Advisor Statement of the Problem or Issue One of the many challenges facing modern medicine is the ability to diagnose and treat metastatic cancers. Some of the most common options for patients, who are diagnosed with metastatic cancer, are chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery [1-3]. However, patients are well aware of the dire consequences of these drastic measures. For many years, standard cancer therapies have been sought to target a specific malignant cell, but with only limited success [4-7]. Unfortunately, these successes have also been accompanied by varying degrees of toxicity, and there is currently no standard therapy that can eradicate clinical disease and prevent recurrence while leaving normal tissue unharmed. In fact, the treatment of primary tumors using local interventions, such as surgery and radiation, may stimulate the growth of metastases at remote sites. Many approaches have been tried to induce a prolonged systemic immune response to fight metastatic tumors. Among these approaches, laser immunotherapy, developed by Dr. Wei Chen's research group, has shown great potential as a non-invasive alternative due to its ability of targeting and destroying cancerous cells while leaving minimal damage to surrounding tissues. More importantly, laser immunotherapy can also induce long-term systemic, tumor-specific immunological responses, through local treatment. Selective photothermal

20

interaction is a crucial component of laser immunotherapy and temperature distribution in target tumor tissue could determine the outcome of cancer treatment. The best way to optimize the selective photothermal effect is through realtime, three-dimensional observation of temperature distribution in target and surrounding tissues. Currently, the only non-invasive method to achieve such an observation is through Magnetic Resonance Thermometry (MRT). This study is to investigate the feasibility of monitoring temperature distribution during laser irradiation using MRT in an effort to optimize laser immunotherapy. Brief Summary of the Literature There are several temperature-sensitive Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) properties that could be used for MRT, such as the relaxation time, diffusion coefficient of water, and the proton resonance frequency (PRF). The PRF shift method possesses many attributes that make it suitable for high-temperature thermal therapies, including good temperature sensitivity, linearity and reversibility with temperature, and ease of measurement and interpretation. The time a proton takes to decay into their initial position can be manipulated by an outside heat source such as a laser beam by the following equation, AT= yB oaTE ' (1) where AT is the change in temperature, AO is the change in phase, y [rad/T] is the gyromagnetic ratio, Bo is the MRI magnetic field which is independent of temperature, a is the temperature-dependent water chemical shift in ppm/°C which is constant within measurement range and TE is the time of echo formation of the field echo pulse sequences. Phase 0 is the relative position of the proton which can be calculated from the imaginary and real data. The change of the phase can be determined by, = ArcTan Re„ lm,- Re„ Im„ Re Re + I m I m , ,

(2) „i

where Re and lm represent the real and imaginary components of the complex signal of MR image. Phase change can only be due to an external force (laser); therefore we can correlate to temperature change.

Thesis Statement (Hypothesis) Based on literature and on our previous experience, it is hypothesized that precise, real-time, three-dimension temperature distribution can be obtained using MRI technology and such temperature distribution could be used to optimize laser immunotherapy for the treatment of metastatic tumors. Statement of the Research Methodology The study determines a 3-D temperature distribution in target samples during laser irradiation using a 7.1 Tesla superconducting MRI system through data analysis using a special Mathematica algorithm. Contirmation, Modification, or Denial of Thesis (Brief Summary of Findings) Phantom gels with ICG of 0.056% concentration and 2.0 watt/cm2 of laser power density showed more selectivity. Phantom gels with 0.08% of ICG andl.0 watt/cm2 of laser power density showed a considerable temperature elevation in the range of 10-35 °C. We confirmed that the chemical shift in tissue is nearly independent of water proton, which was determined to be - 0.01 ppm/°C with deviation of 0.001 ppm/°C. With a high temperature elevation during laser irradiation, a lowest TE with the three NEX is optimal. Calibration using thermocouples showed that the temperature distribution obtained by MRT is highly accurate. Statement of the Significance of the Findings The experimental results indicated the feasibility of an accurate, real-time 3D temperature mapping inside tissue during laser treatment. By measuring the entire thermal history throughout the experiment, one can give a measurement of tissue temperature distribution as a function of phase difference. The accurate distribution of the temperature is a prerequisite for the successful application of the laser immunotherapy in the treatment of metastatic cancer.

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Suggestions for Future Research This approach can be applied over a range of frequencies, tissues and temperatures; it should provide a new and noninvasive means of measuring tissue temperature distribution with proper ICG concentration to destroy the tumor cells while leaving the surrounding healthy tissue undamaged to improve laser immunotherapy and future therapeutic treatment design to enhance clinical trial.

FINAL DISPOSITION OF THE THESIS The information below is taken from the 2013-2014 Graduate Catalog. Thesis Format Requirements A candidate completing his/her thesis for his/her master’s degree must submit the original title page, signature page, abstract page and summary to the JCGS no later than the last day of classes in the same term they plan to graduate. For additional information, contact the Graduate Program Specialist at: Syretha Leverett JCGS Graduate Program Specialist [email protected] 405-974-2527 Submission Requirements for Theses Following successful public defense of the thesis, students must submit the thesis in both paper and electronic formats. For additional information, visit Chambers Library website at http://library.uco.edu/services/thesis or call Special Collections at 405-974-2882. 1. Paper Submission Process a. Each student completing a thesis for the master’s degree program must submit two (2) copies of his/her thesis for binding to Archives & Special Collections in the Max Chambers Library. b. The primary responsibility for content, form and style of the thesis rests with the student and the student’s thesis committee members. The student is responsible for the complete and accurate collation of the thesis before submitting it to the library for binding. c. Both copies of the thesis must be presented with an original signature page signed by all members of the thesis committee, on white 25%-100% cotton or rag paper and not bound or punched. d. After the thesis returns from the bindery, one copy will be placed in the Archives Thesis Collection for reference only, and the second copy will be forwarded to the academic department which supervised the work. A full text, electronic version of your thesis will be made available through the UCO Chambers Library online catalog. e. It takes approximately two months for the binding process to be completed. Students may pick-up their additional copies in the Archives & Special Collections Monday through Friday from 8:30am to 4:30 pm.

Thesis Costs $15.30 - Cost for binding two hard copies of thesis, paid by cash or check at Archives and Special Collection Department at the Library

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$55.00 - Indexing and abstracting (made with credit card payment on the ProQuest website). $70.30 -Total Required Costs Optional Thesis Costs $7.65 - Cost per copy for additional student-requested copies of Thesis, paid by cash or check at Archives and Special Collection Department at the Max Chambers Library $65.00 - Costs to have thesis registered with US Copyright Office (optional, made with credit card payment on the ProQuest website). $3.00 - Mailing fee if you wish to have your copies mailed to you. Must be paid by check or cash, to Archives and Special Collections when the copies are submitted for binding. 2. Electronic Submission Processes After a successful public defense of the thesis, students must submit one (1) electronic copy of the thesis to: http://dissertations.umi.com/uco. The electronic copy must be the same, content and pagination as the paper copy submitted for binding. Instructions are available at: http://dissertations.umi.com/uco. For questions regarding the electronic thesis submission process, please contact: Nicole Willard Archivist Max Chambers Library [email protected] 405-974-2885 For additional information contact the Library’s Archives & Special Collections at 405-974-2882 or go to our Website at: www.uco.edu/graduate/current/thesisprep.asp

GRADUATE STUDENT ASSISTANTSHIPS Acceptance of a Masters Student into the Department of Biology does not guarantee that the student will be provided with financial assistance. Both Graduate Teaching or Laboratory Assistantships and Graduate Research Assistantships are available. Contact the Chair of the Department of Biology to inquire about the availability of a Teaching Assistantship. To apply, complete the application form at the end of the Program Guide. Graduate Research Assistantships are usually initiated through the Major Advisor.

Jackson College of Graduate Studies University of Central Oklahoma Edmond, Oklahoma

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Instructions for Master’s Thesis Preparation Notice to Graduate Students: As a candidate completing a thesis, it is important that you follow the instructions of your thesis committee concerning the preparation of your project. The final responsibility for completing the thesis project according to the format and content required by your discipline lies with you.

Requirements of the College of Graduate Studies: 1.

Complete a cover page for your thesis with the information on Example 1.

2.

Complete the signature page as in Example 2.

3.

Complete the abstract page as in Example 3.

These three pages are turned in to the Graduate College upon successful defense of your thesis. The first two are also the first two pages of your thesis. Provide minimum left-side margin of 1.50 inches to allow for binding your project after completion. Follow the guidelines of your thesis committee for formatting other margins and the remainder of your thesis.

(Example 1)

UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL OKLAHOMA Edmond, Oklahoma Jackson College of Graduate Studies

I Know Why the Caged Dog Howls

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A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BIOLOGY

By Martha Mostly Edmond, Oklahoma 2009

(Example 2)

I Know Why the Caged Dog Howls

A THESIS APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY

Month Year

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By_____________________________________________ Name Committee Chairperson

_____________________________________________ Name Committee Member

_____________________________________________ Name Committee Member

_____________________________________________ Name Committee Member

(Example 3) ABSTRACT OF THESIS University of Central Oklahoma Edmond, Oklahoma

NAME:_____________________________________________________________ TITLE OF THESIS:___________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ DIRECTOR OF THESIS:_______________________________________________ PAGES:______ ABSTRACT: Type in text.

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FORMS FOR THE M.S. IN BIOLOGY Forms I-VII are to be filled out as Graduate Students progress through the Master's Program. Once completed, the forms should be turned in to the individuals as indicated at the bottom of each form. Copies should also be retained by the candidate and filed with the Major Advisor and Graduate Committee Chair.

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COURSE REQUIREMENT WORKSHEET FOR M.S. IN BIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL OKLAHOMA This form is for Advisory Committee use only.

(Form I)

1. Name________________________________

2. Banner ID #.:_____________________

3. Address______________________________

4. Phone:__________________________

______________________________

5. E-mail: _________________________

5. Undergraduate Degree: __________________

A.

6. Undergrad. Grad. Date: ____________

REQUIRED COURSES Course Date

Hours

Mark (X)

1. Physics (4 hrs. req.)

( )

2. Calculus

( )

3. A course in statistics

( )

4. Organic Chem.

( )

5. Plant Biology (3, 4, 5000)

( )

6. Animal Biology

"

( )

7. Microbiology

"

( )

8. Cell Biology

"

( )

9. Ecology

"

( )

10. Genetics

"

( )

10. BIO 4012 or BIO 5012 Introduction to Biological Research

B. 1.

COURSES RECOMMENDED BY ADVISORY COMMITTEE

2.

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( )

3. 4. 5.

C.

ELECTIVE COURSES

1.

BIO 599X (THESIS: may be taken for up to 6 hours)

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

D.

FROM A, B, AND C ABOVE, LIST THE FOLLOWING*:

1.

The number of graduate hours taken in residence at UCO (24 hours are required). Actual Courses: Thesis Hours:

2.

The names and numbers of transfer courses:

TOTAL HOURS: C. OTHER REQUIREMENTS:

*NOTE: All courses must be at the 5000 level to meet the requirements of the degree.

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ADVISORY COMMITTEE APPROVAL FORM FOR M.S. IN BIOLOGY

(Form II)

Date:______________ Name of Masters Student:______________________________________

Title of Research Project (if known):_____________________________________________________

Thesis Advisor:_______________________________________ Committee members:__________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________

Form II is to be submitted to the Dean of the Jackson College of Graduate Studies and Chair, Graduate Committee, Department of Biology

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FORMAL PROGRAM OF STUDY FOR M.S. IN BIOLOGY INCLUDES LIST OF COURSEWORK REQUIRED FOR THE DEGREE UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL OKLAHOMA

(Form III)

Date:____________ Name____________________________________

UCO ID no. ________________

Address ______________________________________

Phone:__________________________

___________________________________ Bachelors Degree (Major)

Institution_________________________

Date of Graduation ________________ Members of Advisory Committee (print or type) ______________________________ ____________________________ (Major Advisor)

______________________________ ____________________________

Check if completed: _____ A.

Formally admitted to the Graduate College.

_____ B.

Filed with the Dean of the Graduate College, a Formal Program of Study which has been approved by the Advisory Committee (see attached sheet).

_____ C.

Earned 8 hours graduate credit at the University of Central Oklahoma (UCO).

_____ D.

Earned a 3.0 grade point average in all graduate hours attempted.

_____ E.

Obtained three satisfactory recommendations from UCO faculty members.

_____ F.

Taken the advisory examination in Biology.

_____ G.

Satisfactorily completed 4 hours of Physics, a course in Calculus, a course in Organic Chemistry, and Statistics. (These may have been taken as an undergraduate.)

(continued)

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PROGRAM COURSEWORK: Confirmation of Physics, Calculus, Statistics, and Organic Chemistry: __ Four hours of Physics (Institution and Date) __ Calculus (Institution and Date) _______________________________ Statistics (Institution and Date) __ Organic Chemistry (Institution and Date) Graduate Coursework: Those courses marked below with ** are to count as credit hours toward the M.S. in Biology Degree (a total of 32 graduate hours at the 5000 level is required). Other courses listed are additional requirements or deficiencies. LIST COURSES HERE:

THESIS TOPIC:

APPROVAL:

__________________________________________ (Major Advisor)

________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________

Form III is to be submitted to the Dean of the Graduate College and Chair, Dept. of Biology Graduate Committee

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RESEARCH PROPOSAL APPROVAL FOR M.S. IN BIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL OKLAHOMA

(Form IV)

Name of Masters Student_______________________________________________________

Major Advisor _______________________________________________________________ Title of Research Project________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

Advisory Committee Approval

_____________________________________ (Major Advisor)

Date________________

_____________________________________ (Committee Member) _____________________________________ (Committee Member) _____________________________________

Form IV is to be filed with the Graduate College Office and Chair, Biology Graduate Committee.

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NOTIFICATION OF ADVISORY COMMITTEE MEETING FOR M.S. IN BIOLOGY

(Form V)

This is to notify the Department of Biology Graduate Committee that the following student has held the required semester Advisory Committee meeting.

Type of Meeting (circle one):

Research Proposal

Progress Report

Master’s Student

Semester

Other (Specify)

Year___________

List/describe any and all significant changes in the research project. If no changes are necessary, so indicate.

Student Signature:

Thesis Advisor Signature: ________________________________

Form V is to be filed with the Major Advisor and Biology Graduate Committee Chair only. The purpose of this form is to have a record of the student's progress. Additional copies of this form are found in the Biology office.

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COMPLETION OF COMPREHENSIVE WRITTEN EXAMINATION To:

(Form VI)

Dean of the Jackson College of Graduate Studies

From: Chair, Department of Biology Graduate Committee Date:

This is to advise you that _____________________________has fulfilled the requirement of passing the Comprehensive Written Examination for Master's program in the Department of Biology.

_________________________________________________ Chair, Department of Biology Graduate Committee

Form VI is to be filed with the Graduate College and Chair, Department of Biology Graduate Committee

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THESIS DEFENSE SCHEDULING FORM

(Form VII)

The form on the following page must be submitted to the Graduate College two weeks prior to the defense date.

36

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Graduate Teaching Assistantship Application Department of Biology, UCO Application deadline: last day of classes, spring semester (Applications submitted after this date will be considered if funds are still available) Submit to the Department of Biology office Name:__________________________________________ Address: ___________________________________________________________________________ Banner ID:______________________________________ E-mail address at which you can be contacted during the summer: ______________________________ Phone number at which you can be contacted during the summer: ______________________________ M.S. Program: Biology____ Forensics1____ Semester admitted to program: ____________ Expected semester of degree completion: _____________ Number of previous semesters of TA support: _________ 1

Forensics applicants must have a Biology background

TA support requested: Fall, year______: Full time (20 hrs/wk)2 ______ ¾ time (15 hrs) ______ ½ time (10 hrs) ______ ¼ time (5 hrs) ______

Spring,year______: Full time (20 hrs/wk) ______ ¾ time (15 hrs) ______ ½ time (10 hrs) ______ ¼ time (5 hrs) ______ 2

Full-time and ¾ TA’s are required to be available 5 days a week, including some evenings

Tuition waiver support requested: Fall: No. of credit hours: _________ Spring: No. of credit hours: _________ (The amount awarded will depend upon the availability of funding and number of credits for which you are registered)

Will you have other University support?

Yes_____ No_____ If yes, please indicate type below

Research Assistantship_____ Percentage of time (full time, ¾, etc.)_______ Amount of tuition waiver associated with RA ______________ RCSA Grant ______ Percentage of time (full time, ¾, etc.) ______________ Amount of tuition waiver associated with RCSA _________ Other support/grants _______________________________________________________________ Fall schedule (course numbers, titles and times) 3:

Spring schedule (if known):

3

enrollment in 5 graduate or 6 undergrad./graduate hrs required for TA

_____________________________________ Signature __________________________________ Faculty Advisor

_________________ Date ________________ Date

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