Manitoba’s Poverty Reduction and Social Inclusion Strategy
2013/14 Annual Report September 2014
Pursuant to The Poverty Reduction Strategy Act, this document reports on the status of 21 indicators of poverty reduction and social inclusion in the fiscal year 2013/14.
Message from Manitoba’s Poverty Reduction and Social Inclusion Co‑chairs The 2013/14 All Aboard Annual Report reflects a concerted government‑wide effort to reduce poverty and promote social inclusion in all regions of Manitoba. This work has been led by the All Aboard Committee, which comprises the ministers responsible for policies, programs and services that affect poverty reduction and social inclusion and representation from the community and the Premier’s Advisory Council on Education, Poverty and Citizenship. The Committee considers the array of inequities that low‑income Manitobans experience and shares an understanding that social justice need not be out of reach – and certainly not unaffordable. A unique feature of Manitoba’s approach to poverty reduction and social inclusion is the requirement for government to take the All Aboard Strategy into account when preparing the Provincial budget. Manitoba has responded to recent economic uncertainty with a balanced approach, implementing smart innovative ways to save money while continuing to protect and grow strategic investments in infrastructure, job creation, and the front‑line services that Manitobans rely upon. This included significant investments in concrete measures to reduce poverty, including: investments in new social housing construction; increased shelter benefits for low‑income Manitobans; and targeted training initiatives to help low‑income Manitobans succeed in finding and keeping good jobs. This document provides a status update on the key All Aboard initiatives described in Budget 2013’s Budget Paper E: Reducing Poverty and Promoting Social Inclusion. Reducing poverty is right, it is rewarding, and it is hard – results may take a generation to see – but the strides taken today are important for tomorrow. Our efforts are deliberately co‑ordinated across government, targeted to those with the greatest needs, and intended to be relevant and accessible. Evidence shows that we are on the right track: since the Strategy was set in place (2009), 15 out of 21 indicators of inclusion and prosperity show either improvement or stability. Reducing poverty and promoting social inclusion involve much more than government initiatives. We would like to acknowledge the efforts of the many Manitoba organizations and individuals working to alleviate poverty and to make our communities inclusive. Thank you. Finally, we want to recognize the efforts made by Manitobans living in low income to improve their own lives, and those of their families. In this report, we also share several inspiring vignettes showing these efforts in action. Sincerely,
Kerri Irvin‑Ross
Minister of Family Services
Peter Bjornson
Minister of Housing and Community Development
All Aboard: Manitoba’s Poverty Reduction and Social Inclusion Strategy 2013/14 Annual Report | Page 1
Message des coprésidents de la Stratégie manitobaine de réduction de la pauvreté et d’inclusion sociale Le rapport annuel 2013‑2014 de Tout le monde à bord reflète un effort concerté à l’échelle du gouvernement pour réduire la pauvreté et promouvoir l’inclusion sociale dans toutes les régions du Manitoba. Ce travail a été dirigé par le comité de Tout le monde à bord, qui comprend les ministres responsables des politiques, des programmes et des services qui touchent la réduction de la pauvreté et l’inclusion sociale, ainsi que des représentants des collectivités et le Conseil consultatif du premier ministre sur l’éducation, la pauvreté et la citoyenneté. Le comité examine l’ensemble des inégalités que subissent les Manitobains à faible revenu et est d’opinion que la justice sociale ne doit pas être hors de portée et, surtout, ne doit pas être inabordable. Une caractéristique unique de la démarche du Manitoba à l’égard de la réduction de la pauvreté et de l’inclusion sociale est l’exigence que le gouvernement tienne compte de la stratégie Tout le monde à bord au moment de dresser le budget provincial. Le Manitoba a répondu à l’incertitude économique récente au moyen d’une démarche équilibrée, mettant en œuvre des moyens novateurs intelligents d’économiser de l’argent tout en continuant à protéger et à accroître les investissements stratégiques dans l’infrastructure, la création d’emplois et les services de première ligne auxquels se fient les Manitobains. Cette démarche comprend des investissements importants dans des mesures concrètes en vue de réduire la pauvreté, notamment : des investissements dans la construction de logements sociaux, une aide au logement accrue pour les Manitobains à faible revenu, et des initiatives de formation ciblées pour aider les Manitobains à faible revenu à trouver et à conserver de bons emplois. La stratégie Tout le monde à bord a permis de faire en sorte que les Manitobains les plus défavorisés ne soient pas encore plus hypothéqués pendant le ralentissement économique. Le présent document fournit un rapport de situation sur les principales initiatives de Tout le monde à bord décrites dans le document budgétaire E : Reducing Poverty and Promoting Social Inclusion (en anglais seulement). Réduire la pauvreté est juste, valorisant et difficile – il est possible qu’il faille une génération avant d’en voir les résultats – mais les efforts entrepris aujourd’hui sont importants pour demain. Nos efforts sont volontairement coordonnés à l’échelle du gouvernement, ciblent ceux ayant les besoins les plus importants et visent à être pertinents et accessibles. Les preuves indiquent que nous sommes sur la bonne voie : depuis la mise en place de la Stratégie en 2009, 15 des 21 indicateurs d’inclusion et de prospérité indiquent une amélioration ou de la stabilité. La réduction de la pauvreté et la promotion de l’inclusion sociale impliquent beaucoup plus que des initiatives gouvernementales. Nous aimerions reconnaître les efforts des nombreux organismes et particuliers manitobains qui œuvrent pour atténuer la pauvreté et rendre nos collectivités plus inclusives. Nous vous remercions. Finalement, nous voulons souligner les efforts déployés par les Manitobains qui ont un faible revenu en vue d’améliorer leur propre vie et celle de leur famille. Dans le rapport, nous présentons plusieurs vignettes inspirantes illustrant ces efforts en pleine action. Respectueusement,
La ministre des Services à la famille,
Le ministre du Logement et du Développement communautaire,
Kerri Irvin‑Ross
Peter Bjornson
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Contents
Message from Manitoba’s Poverty Reduction and Social Inclusion Co‑chairs...................................... 1 Message des coprésidents de la Stratégie manitobaine de réduction de la pauvreté et d’inclusion sociale......................................................................................................... 2 All Aboard Vision and Guiding Principles.................................................................................................. 5 Manitoba’s Poverty Reduction and Social Inclusion Strategy Framework.............................................. 6 The All Aboard Committee........................................................................................................................ 7 Public Engagement.................................................................................................................................... 8 Indicator Summary.................................................................................................................................... 9 PILLAR ONE: Safe Affordable Housing in Supportive Communities..................................................... 10 1. Total Units of Social and Affordable Housing Supported by the Manitoba Housing and Renewal Corporation........................................................................... 11 2. New Households Served through the Manitoba Housing and Renewal Corporation’s Programs and Services....................................................................... 12 3. Households in Core Housing Need........................................................................................... 13 4. Sense of Community Belonging................................................................................................ 14
Creating Safe Affordable Housing in Supportive Communities...................................................... 15
PILLAR TWO: Education, Jobs and Income Support.............................................................................. 16 5. High School Graduation Rates.................................................................................................. 17 6. Participation in Adult Learning Programs................................................................................ 18 7. Employment Rates..................................................................................................................... 19 8. Average Weekly Earnings.......................................................................................................... 20 9. Minimum Wage Rates................................................................................................................ 21
10. Low‑income Rates..................................................................................................................... 22
11. Income Inequality....................................................................................................................... 23
12. Post‑secondary Education Participation.................................................................................. 25
Advancing Education, Jobs and Income Support............................................................................ 26
All Aboard: Manitoba’s Poverty Reduction and Social Inclusion Strategy 2013/14 Annual Report | Page 3
PILLAR THREE: Strong, Healthy Families.............................................................................................. 27
13. Early Development Instrument................................................................................................. 28
14. Availability of Licensed Child Care............................................................................................ 29
15. Children in Care......................................................................................................................... 30
16. Teen Birth Rates......................................................................................................................... 31
17. Potential Years of Life Lost by Income Quintile........................................................................ 32
18. Prevalence of Chronic Diseases by Income Quintile................................................................ 33
Growing Strong Healthy Families..................................................................................................... 35
PILLAR FOUR: Accessible, Co‑ordinated Services................................................................................ 36
19. Average Monthly Number of People Receiving Co‑ordinated Home Care Services............... 37
20. Continuity of Physician Care...................................................................................................... 38
21. Number of People Using ACCESS Centres.............................................................................. 39
Promoting Accessible, Co‑ordinated Services................................................................................ 41
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All Aboard Vision and Guiding Principles The Manitoba government: • envisions a future where people are socially included, connected to their communities, participating in the economy and contributing to Manitoba; • acknowledges that poverty is complex and goes beyond having enough money to live each day; • strives to create the conditions that allow people to participate fully in society as valued, respected and contributing members; and • believes that everyone benefits from a society that helps all individuals to participate, and to prosper.
The Province’s approach to achieving this vision is grounded in legislation – The Poverty Reduction Strategy Act (PRSA). Under the PRSA, Manitoba is required to establish a poverty reduction strategy, which was released in 2012. The PRSA also specifies that the Strategy must recognize that poverty has multiple causes and must address the following needs: • quality, accessible education that develops knowledge and skills; • training that prepares persons for employment; • employment opportunities; • income supports for persons who are unable to fully participate in the labour market; • affordable housing; • supportive and safe communities; and • supports for strong and healthy families. The PRSA also requires that the Strategy recognize that certain groups face a higher risk of poverty and social exclusion, and that programs and initiatives to reduce poverty and increase social inclusion are accessible to all persons who require them.
All Aboard: Manitoba’s Poverty Reduction and Social Inclusion Strategy 2013/14 Annual Report | Page 5
Manitoba’s Poverty Reduction and Social Inclusion Strategy Framework The ALL Aboard Strategy rests upon the following four interconnected pillars. 1. Safe, Affordable Housing in Supportive Communities Housing is an essential component of personal, economic and social well‑being. Adequate, affordable housing is an important element of poverty reduction. Strategic investments in housing stimulate the economy, promote community and economic development, enhance social well‑being, and improve Manitoba’s infrastructure for future generations.
Four‑year Strategy
2. Education, Jobs and Income Support Investing in Manitobans through education, training, and employment programs and supports is a necessary step towards reducing poverty and supports social inclusion. Key actions and programs need to focus on skills development, literacy supports, transitions from unemployment to work, education and training opportunities and income supports.
• Building Blocks for Employment (Sustainable Employment and a Stronger Labour Market)
3. Strong, Healthy Families Strong and well‑functioning families are better able to raise physically and emotionally healthy children who are safe and secure, successful at learning, responsible and socially engaged in their community.
• Food Security
4. Accessible, Co‑ordinated Services Services from the Manitoba government need to be responsive to the needs of individuals, families and communities. They also need to be co‑ordinated and integrated across departments, so that all Manitobans can easily access the information and supports that they require.
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In April 2012, the Manitoba government released its four‑year (2012‑2016) Strategy, which focuses on seven priority areas:
• Targeted Supports for Those Most In Need • Housing • Closing the Gap for Aboriginal Peoples in Manitoba • Creating Opportunities for Youth, and • Early Childhood Development and Parenting Supports
The All Aboard Committee
Following government reorganization in October 2013, the All Aboard Committee was formally re‑constituted by Order in Council in March 2014. The Committee comprises eleven cabinet ministers and four community members, including representation from the Premier’s Advisory Council on Education, Poverty and Citizenship and the United Way of Winnipeg. It reflects Manitoba’s diversity and geography. The Committee fulfilled the legislated requirement to meet four times in 2013/14. These sessions facilitated dialogue and enabled members to exercise their legislated responsibilities:
The members of the All Aboard Committee are: −− Minister Kerri Irvin‑Ross, Family Services;* −− Minister Peter Bjornson, Housing and Community Development;* −− Minister Ron Kostyshyn, Agriculture, Food and Rural Development; −− Minister James Allum, Education and Advanced Learning; −− Minister Kevin Chief, Children and Youth Opportunities; −− Minister Eric Robinson, Aboriginal and Northern Affairs;
−− Minister Flor Marcelino, Multiculturalism and Literacy; −− Minister Sharon Blady, Healthy Living and Seniors; −− Minister Erna Braun, Labour and Immigration; −− Minister Theresa Oswald, Jobs and the Economy; −− Minister Jennifer Howard, Finance; −− Ms. Jennie Wastesicoot; −− Mr. Charles Loewen; −− Ms. Louise Simbandumwe; and −− Ms. Marla Somersall. * Co‑chairs
• reviewing and providing advice to the Executive Council on the content of the Strategy, poverty and social inclusion indicators, and proposed programs, policies or initiatives; • monitoring Strategy implementation; • ensuring that programs, policies and initiatives of the government to reduce poverty and increase social inclusion are co‑ordinated and consistent with the Strategy; and • facilitating community involvement in the development and implementation of the Strategy.
From left to right: Minister Sharon Blady, Dr. John Loxley (Executive Co‑ordinator, Premier’s Advisory Council on Education, Poverty and Citizenship), Minister James Allum, Ms. Marla Somersall, Minister Peter Bjornson, Ms. Jennie Wastesicoot, Minister Theresa Oswald, Minister Flor Marcelino, Mr. Rob Altemeyer (ex officio), Ms. Louise Simbandumwe, Minister Kerri Irvin‑Ross and Mr. Charles Loewen.
All Aboard: Manitoba’s Poverty Reduction and Social Inclusion Strategy 2013/14 Annual Report | Page 7
Public Engagement
A collective and collaborative approach, including active and ongoing dialogue with community members, non‑profits, businesses and Manitobans who have experienced poverty, underpins the actions taken to reduce poverty and promote social inclusion. The Manitoba government is committed to facilitating community involvement with stakeholders, to ensure Manitobans’ diverse perspectives and approaches to poverty and exclusion are taken into consideration. In 2013/14, the Manitoba government released What We Heard, a report that highlighted the key themes and perspectives shared during a process that engaged Manitobans on the issues of income inadequacy and social exclusion. The report synthesized the seven areas where Manitobans believe the Manitoba government should invest more resources: housing, food security,
employment, youth, early childhood development and parenting, targeted supports for those with complex needs and improving socio‑economic outcomes of Aboriginal peoples in Manitoba. Seven actions plans are being prepared for these priority areas; three were released in 2013/14, and have demonstrated significant progress at March 31, 2014. These Action Plans are available at http://www.gov.mb.ca/allaboard/ resources_publications.html, by email at
[email protected] or by phoning 204‑945‑3380. Each action plan will be monitored by a community advisory body tasked to track plan implementation. Community involvement in action plan implementation (and ongoing assessment) ensures that plans are executed, comprehensive and remain relevant.
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Indicator Summary
The following table relates Manitoba’s 21 regulated indicators of poverty and social exclusion to the All Aboard Strategy’s four pillars and their respective objectives. These indicators were selected because they are reliable, valid, inclusive, understandable, meaningful, relevant, consistent and comparable over a four‑year period.
Pillar One
Pillar Two
Pillar Three
Pillar Four
Safe, Affordable Housing in Supportive Communities
Education, Jobs and Income Support
Strong, Healthy Families
Accessible Co‑ordinated Services
Objectives
Objectives
Objective
Objectives
• To ensure that Manitobans have access to safe, adequate and affordable housing
• To ensure that more Manitobans participate in high school, post‑secondary and adult education, and are prepared to participate in the labour market
• To ensure that Manitoba children and families are emotionally and physically healthy, safe and secure, socially‑engaged and responsible, and have access to supports that allow them to reach their full potential
• To ensure that Manitoba government services are accessible, co‑ordinated and integrated across departments
• To ensure that people living in Manitoba communities and neighbourhoods are well‑supported leading to greater social inclusion
• To ensure that Manitobans have financial security through work, and access to income supports as needed
• To ensure that Manitobans have access to information and supports that are responsive to their needs
• To ensure that the number of Manitobans living in low income is reduced Indicators
Indicators
Indicators
Indicators
1. T otal units of social and affordable housing supported by the Manitoba Housing and Renewal Corporation (MHRC)
5. Graduation rates
13. Early Development Instrument scores
19. Average monthly number of people receiving co‑ordinated home care services
6. Participation in adult learning programs
14. Availability of child care
7. Employment rates
15. Children in Care
8. Average weekly earnings
16. Teen birth rates
2. N ew households served through MHRC programs and services
20. Continuity of physician care
9. Minimum wage rates
17. Potential Years of Life Lost by income quintile
21. Number of people using ACCESS Centres
3. H ouseholds in Core Housing Need
11. Income inequality
4. S ense of community belonging
10. Low‑income rates 12. Post‑secondary education participation
18. Prevalence of chronic disease by income quintile
All Aboard: Manitoba’s Poverty Reduction and Social Inclusion Strategy 2013/14 Annual Report | Page 9
Pillar One
Safe Affordable Housing in Supportive Communities Housing is a basic human need that alongside community creates a sense of pride, well‑being and self‑worth. Safe, suitable and affordable accommodation is an important foundation for participation in economic and community life, and provides stability to those experiencing complex problems and multiple barriers. However, low rental vacancy rates, population growth, rising rental costs and condominium conversions may make it difficult for some Manitobans to maintain stable tenancies and meaningful connections to their community. Therefore, ensuring an adequate supply of affordable, social and supportive housing is a key priority of the Manitoba government. Affordability is the primary housing issue in Manitoba: 7.0% of Manitobans live in dwellings that
exceed the Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation’s affordability standard (30.0% of a household’s before‑tax monthly income). Since 2009/10, the Manitoba government helped to address this by committing rent supplements available to 1,552 new households. It is also important to lead efforts to ensure the supply of social and affordable housing grows. This means encouraging private and non‑private starts of new units that have affordable rates, while maintaining and repairing existing stock. Ultimately, housing is about building communities that enrich the lives of all Manitobans. That means co‑ordinating housing options that allow Manitobans with complex problems and multiple barriers to live independently and to participate in society.
Affordable and Social Housing Social housing is rental accommodation available to clients at a rate set in relation to their ability to pay: rent‑geared‑to‑income (RGI). The housing provider is able to provide a RGI rate because of an ongoing government subsidy. The Manitoba Housing and Renewal Corporation (MHRC) provides social housing through the Social Housing Rental Program (SHRP) to households in need, who meet program eligibility requirements. SHRP provides a range of housing options at an RGI rental rate between 25% and 27% of gross household income. MHRC also provides affordable housing through the Affordable Housing Rental Program (AHRP). Affordable housing rents are determined using the Median Market Rent (MMR). Eligibility is reserved for low-to-moderate income working households. The AHRP provides a range of housing options at fixed flat rate rents that are reviewed annually.
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Budget 2013 Update Budget 2013 committed to targeted actions to improve housing in 2013/14. The Manitoba government: • Invested approximately $100 million in housing portfolio restoration and redevelopment • Introduced the Residential Housing Construction Tax Credit – an 8% tax credit for the construction of new units where at least 10% of the units have rents at, or below, affordable rental rates • Invested an additional $34 million in the repair and maintenance of the existing housing portfolio stock • Eased large rent increases linked to renovations by shortening the amortization period used for some capital expenditure in the calculation used in new Above Guideline Rent Increase applications
Indicator 1
Total Units of Social and Affordable Housing Supported by the Manitoba Housing and Renewal Corporation1 What Does This Indicate?
Indicator Baseline
This indicator tallies social and affordable units supported by the Manitoba Housing and Renewal Corporation (MHRC). Social housing refers to rental accommodation for low‑income households with rates charged on a rent‑geared‑to‑income (RGI) scale and affordable housing refers to units with rental rates fixed at the median market rent. The number of units supported will fluctuate due to expiration of project mortgages.
In 2009/10, MHRC supported 30,257 units of social and affordable housing, (in addition to supporting 4,700 special purpose and personal care home beds,2 which accommodate low‑income individuals who can no longer manage independent living where assisted and supportive housing options are available).
Why is This Important? Support for social and affordable units represents the Manitoba government’s efforts to address housing affordability for those with low income. Social housing is a temporary measure to assist low‑income households transition out of poverty. Successful transition for many depends on capacity, adequate income and housing market supply, including the availability of affordable housing options.
Total Units of MHRC Social and Affordable Housing, 2009/10 to 2013/14 32,000 31,500 31,000 30,500 30,000 29,500
In 2013/14, MHRC supported 31,854 units of social and affordable housing, (in addition to supporting 4,3003 special purpose and personal care home beds).
Trend The number of social and affordable housing units has increased by 5.3% since 2009/10. MHRC continues to respond to community need by increasing the supply of social and affordable housing in Manitoba to support the following low‑income Manitobans:
4 /1 13 20
3 12
/1
2 20
1
/1 11 20
/1 10 20
09 20
Most Recent Data
/1
0
29,000
Budget 2013 Update In 2013/14, the Manitoba government announced a new three year housing plan, committing to build 500 new social housing units and 500 new affordable housing units.
• seniors;
All Aboard Status
Since 2009/10, there are 5.3% more units of social and affordable housing supported by MHRC.
• students; • newcomers; • single parents; • low‑income single individuals; • people with mental illness; • individuals leaving institutions; • those with Aboriginal ancestry; • people with disabilities; and • youth exiting the child welfare system.
Data on the number of social and affordable housing units supported by MHRC is provided by MHRC, annually. MHRC supports personal care home beds and special purpose beds that are hosted by community partners. 3 While these bed units remain in existence, they are no longer under an operating agreement with MHRC. 1 2
All Aboard: Manitoba’s Poverty Reduction and Social Inclusion Strategy 2013/14 Annual Report | Page 11
Indicator 2
New Households Served through the Manitoba Housing and Renewal Corporation’s Programs and Services4 What Does This Indicate?
Most Recent Data
This includes the number of new households assisted through Manitoba Housing and Renewal Corporation (MHRC) programs, which can include repair and renovation, new affordable supply, homeownership programs, shelter allowances and the number of new households entering social housing.
In 2013/14, 966 new households were assisted through MHRC programs and services. In addition, 1,915 new households entered social housing.
Why is This Important?
Trend Placing vulnerable Manitobans into affordable, healthy, safe and suitable housing is a long‑term priority for the Manitoba government.
This indicator demonstrates the commitment to improve the housing situation of low‑income Manitobans.
Indicator Baseline In 2009/10, 1,024 new households were assisted through MHRC programs and services (not including new households that entered social housing).
All Aboard Status
Since 2009/10, 12,594 new households received MHRC programming and services (including 6,615 that entered social housing since).
Programs and Services offered to New Households by MHRC, 2013/14
Households Entering Social Housing Number of Units Served: Repair and Renovation New Affordable Supply Units New Rent Supplement Units Homeownership Programs and Portable Housing Benefit
When Grace opens her pay stub, she does it with her children beside her. That’s because the 40‑year‑old single mother credits her children and her neighbours in her social housing community for inspiring her to obtain a college diploma. Today, she is off social assistance and working. Having stable housing and a supportive community made a difference in her and her family’s lives, she said. “I had rent I could afford, which was a huge thing. I had a landlord that cared about their units” said Grace, 40. “I had never lived in a place for longer than two years, until now.” Grace, who lives in Winnipeg, credits her kids with helping her finish high school and college programs by taking on housework and child care. She also says she’s met “some of the strongest, most inspiring” people who are her neighbours, and who have supported her as she’s pursued her educational goals. Grace is proud of the progress she’s made, and she’s encouraging her children to pursue their own dreams. “They open my pay stub with me” she said. “It’s we, it’s not me, because I couldn’t do this myself.” – Grace, Social Housing Resident
Data on new households served by MHRC is provided, annually, by MHRC.
4
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Indicator 3
Households in Core Housing Need 5
What Does This Indicate?
Why is This Important?
Core housing need refers to housing that falls below one of the affordability, suitability or adequacy standards described below:
This indicator reflects the extent of housing problems experienced by Manitobans.
• Affordable dwellings cost less than 30.0% of total before‑tax household income
Indicator Baseline
8%
In 2006, 11.3% of households (off‑reserve) in Manitoba reported living in core housing need.
6%
• Adequate dwellings are those that residents report as neither requiring any major repairs nor lacking systems (plumbing, wiring and structure) Note: if a household could spend less than 30.0% of its before‑tax income to pay the median rent for alternative local market housing that meets all three standards, it is not considered to be in core housing need.
All Aboard Status
Data is unavailable due to CMHC publication delays.
12% 10%
4% 2%
The Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) has not published provincial‑level core housing need data since 2006.
Trend Trends from 2006 to 2013 are not known at this time, due to data availability. In Manitoba, affordability is the primary standard driving core housing need and housing costs continue to increase; however, Manitoba remains comparably affordable, with CMHC data showing Winnipeg is 28.0% more affordable than the 2010 Canadian metropolitan area average.7
10
09
20
08
20
07
20
06
20
05
20
04
20
03
20
20
Most Recent Data
02
0% 20
• Suitable dwellings have sufficient bedrooms for the size and make‑up of households (according to National Occupancy Standard6 requirements)
Core Housing Need, Winnipeg,* 2002 to 2010
* Winnipeg‑specific data provided above is in lieu of current provincial‑level data, which is unavailable at this time.
Core Need, Housing Standard, Canada and Manitoba, 2006 Manitoba
11.3%
Canada
12.7%
Adequacy
Suitability
Affordability
Most households in core housing need have only an affordability issue and, in 2006, 7.0% of Manitoba households and 9.1% of Canadian households lived in homes below the affordability standard. In that same year, 2.1% of Manitoba households and 2.4% of Canadian households lived in homes that fell below more than one of the standards.
Core Housing Need, Population Group, Manitoba, 2006 31.0% 22.3%
22.4%
24.0%
11.3%
Data on core housing need is published by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC), based on information collected through Statistics Canada’s Census of Population (excluding farm, band‑owned and on‑reserve private households), which is conducted every five years. 6 National Occupancy Standards requirements specify one bedroom for each cohabitating adult couple; unattached household member 18 years of age and over; same‑sex pair of children under age 18; and additional boy and girl in the family, unless there are two opposite‑sex children under age 5 years of age, in which case they are expected to share a bedroom. A household of one individual can occupy a bachelor unit. 7 CMHC. 2013. Canadian Housing Observer 2013: Recent Trends in Housing Affordability and Core Housing Need. p. 6 & 9. 5
All Recent Aboriginal Renters Households Immigrants Ancestry (Off-reserve, only)
Lone Parents
All Aboard: Manitoba’s Poverty Reduction and Social Inclusion Strategy 2013/14 Annual Report | Page 13
Indicator 4
Sense of Community Belonging8
What Does This Indicate?
Most Recent Data
Community belonging represents the percentage of population (12 years and over) who report a sense of belonging to their local community as somewhat or very strong (versus somewhat or very weak).
In 2013, 69.8% of Manitobans (12 years and over) reported a somewhat or very strong sense of belonging to their local community.
70% 68%
There is generally greater social attachment to communities in rural areas than in Winnipeg.
64% 62%
All Aboard Status
Since 2008, sense of community belonging in Manitoba has improved by 2.3%.
Data on sense of community belonging is collected by Statistics Canada through the Canadian Community Health Survey. Statistics Canada. 2007 ‑ . Canadian Community Health Survey: Public Use Microdata File, 2011/2012. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82M0013X. biennially. Provincial‑level data is available from Statistics Canada. No date. Table 105‑0501 Health indicator profile, annual estimates, by age group and sex, Canada, provinces, territories, health regions (2013 boundaries) and peer groups, Occasional (table). CANSIM (database). (accessed: August 1, 2014). 9 Ross, N. March 2002. “Community belonging and health.” Health Reports, Vol. 13. No. 3. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82‑003. Ottawa. 8
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13
12
20
11
20
10
20
09
20
08
Manitoba
Canada
Sense of Community Belonging, Manitoba, Regional Health Authority (RHA), 2013
Indicator Baseline In 2008, 68.2% of Manitobans (12 years and over) reported a somewhat or very strong sense of belonging to their local community.
20
07
20
05
60% 20
Sense of community belonging in Manitoba has been increasing since 2010 and is consistently better than the national average.
66%
03
Trend
20
This indicator measures social attachment to the community and is related to social inclusion. Research shows that sense of community belonging is highly correlated with physical and mental health, even when age, socio‑economic status and other factors are taken into account.9
72%
20
Why is This Important?
Sense of Community Belonging, Manitoba, 2003 to 2013
74.6%
75.0%
Northern RHA
Southern Health
73.0% 71.1% 67.5%
Winnipeg RHA
InterlakeEastern RHA
Prairie Mountain Health
Creating Safe Affordable Housing in Supportive Communities The Manitoba government appreciates the importance of inclusive, vibrant and dynamic communities. Safe, stable and affordable housing underpins healthy lifestyles, meaningful participation in society, and serves as the nucleus of supports for those with complex needs. The Manitoba government is implementing the Manitoba Housing – Three‑Year Housing Plan (2013‑2016) to increase the supply of affordable rental housing. This plan will provide Manitobans with access to more affordable housing by building 500 new social housing units and 500 new affordable housing units, to be developed in partnership with the non‑profit and private sectors. This represents new housing options for seniors, families and Manitobans with unique needs, including those who are not housed, inappropriately housed, or precariously housed and who may live with multiple health and social barriers.
Building new units is half the battle, but ensuring existing stock remains adequate is also important, which is why in 2014/15 significant investments are being made in Manitoba Housing and Renewal Corporation’s portfolio. Restoration and redevelopment efforts will benefit from a $100 million investment; maintenance and repair work will be advanced by a $34 million investment. The Manitoba government has significantly increased investment in direct benefits to low‑income individuals and families to help with private rental expenses. The new Manitoba Rent Assist program provides significant benefit enhancements over the old Employment and Income Assistance (EIA) shelter benefit and the RentAid programs, with an increase of $20 million in added annual supports. Under Rent Assist, beginning in July 2014, EIA participants saw their
benefit increase between $600 and $840 annually. Since July 2014, all low‑income Manitobans, including individuals, are eligible for assistance outside of EIA with their private rental expenses. Rent Assist is a portable benefit so people do not have to give up all their benefits when making the transition from income assistance to work. The Manitoba government has also committed to raise the maximum benefit level to 75% of Median Market Rent over a four‑year period. The four‑year plan for Rent Assist will put Manitoba at the front‑line of efforts to reduce poverty and reinvent the income security system – moving away from the traditional concept of a single, stand‑alone “welfare” program where families had to lose everything before they could get help, while providing benefits that support successful and sustainable transitions from income assistance to work.
All Aboard: Manitoba’s Poverty Reduction and Social Inclusion Strategy 2013/14 Annual Report | Page 15
Pillar Two
Education, Jobs and Income Support
All Manitobans should share in Manitoba’s economic success. A good job is the easiest way out of poverty, but often requires higher education or specialized training. For that reason, providing opportunities for Manitobans to succeed in the classroom and the work force are important priorities. Graduation rates are important, but so too is participation in adult learning programs. They provide many with a second opportunity to gain the skills required to participate fully in the economy – be gainfully employed and earning a livable wage. Some students opt to pursue post‑secondary education, which offers further reward, as there is a positive correlation between level of education and earnings.
Low‑income individuals and families may face multiple barriers to finding and maintaining sustainable employment. Specialized training programs that help develop the necessary skills in a supportive environment can make the difference in a successful transition from income assistance, unemployment or underemployment into a good job. In addition to targeted and responsive training, individuals need an adequate level of financial supports as a strong foundation to build on, with benefits that support opportunities and progress rather than creating barriers.
The best part is that I feel better. I have learned better ways to cope with stress at home, make meals and give my kids a healthy routine and example. I feel like I can make a difference for my family. I want to give my kids the life I didn’t have at their age.
Budget 2013 Update Budget 2013 simplified and enhanced the RentAid shelter benefit ($240 per recipient) and introduced the $110 (per month) RentAid Transition Bonus in lead‑up to the introduction of Manitoba Rent Assist, which added $20.0 million annualized new benefits in Budget 2014. Budget 2013 increased the Seniors’ Education Tax Credit by $75 ($1,100 in 2013), for seniors with household incomes up to $40,000. Approximately 31,000 seniors’ households received an average $151 above their basic $700 Education Property Tax Credit. Budget 2013 also increased the basic income tax exemption by $250, removing approximately 5,500 more Manitobans from the tax roll.
– Michelle, former Reaching Forward / EIA participant
Strategy for Sustainable Employment and a Stronger Labour Market The first significant activity under the Strategy for Sustainable Employment and a Stronger Labour Market began in 2013/14, when 38 training and employment sessions were held with parents of young children living on Employment and Income Assistance. These sessions built confidence and inspired individuals to take transitional steps to employment by addressing their fears about leaving social assistance and providing clear information on supports available when (re)entering the labour force. Participants completed Employment and Training readiness assessments and were referred to appropriate training and employment services, including personal assistance from career development consultants. Results have been profound: as at March 2014, more than 400 parents who were reliant on financial assistance were on their path towards independence and 74 families were no longer dependant on social assistance.
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Indicator 5
High School Graduation Rates10
What Does This Indicate?
Most Recent Data
Manitoba’s high school graduation rate is the ratio of the total number of graduates from public and funded independent high schools each year to the total Grade 9 enrolment in these schools four years prior to the year of graduation.
In 2013, Manitoba’s high school graduation rate was 85.3%.
Graduation Rate, Manitoba, 2002 to 2013 90%
Trend From 2002 to 2013, Manitoba’s graduation rate increased by 20.0%, from 71.1% to 85.3%.
Why is This Important?
85% 80% 75% 70% 65% 13
12
20
11
20
10
20
09
20
08
20
07
20
06
20
05
20
04
20
03
20
20
20
02
60%
High School education is often considered the minimum level of education required to find and keep a job; it is therefore a key indicator of future risk of poverty.
Indicator Baseline In 2008, Manitoba’s high school graduation rate was 79.0%.
All Aboard Status
Since 2008, Manitoba’s graduation rate has improved by 8.0%.
10
Data on graduation rates is provided by Manitoba Education and Advanced Learning, annually.
All Aboard: Manitoba’s Poverty Reduction and Social Inclusion Strategy 2013/14 Annual Report | Page 17
Indicator 6
Participation in Adult Learning Programs11 What Does This Indicate?
Indicator Baseline
Participation in adult learning programs includes people participating in both adult literacy programs (ALP) and adult learning centres (ALC). Participants in ALP programs focus on basic literacy and numeracy skills, while ALCs deliver provincial high school curriculum leading to high school course credits and/or graduation.
In 2008/09, there were 10,658 participants in adult learning programs, including 8,056 ALC and 2,602 ALP learners.
A high school diploma may be a prerequisite for post‑secondary enrolment, and literacy and numeracy skills provide a foundation for further learning. Both ALPs and ALCs improve employability and earnings, as there is a very strong connection between academic attainment and income levels. As well, education contributes to improved health and well‑being for individuals, families and communities.
10,000 8,000
4,000 2,000
Trend Manitobans who have self-identified as having Aboriginal ancestry participate in ALC programming at a higher rate than other Manitobans; there were 29.2% more ALC graduates with Aboriginal ancestry in 2012/13 than there were in 2008/09. These Manitobans are taking concrete steps to prepare for post‑secondary education and the labour market.
3
2
/1 12
20
1
/1 11
20
0
/1 10
20
9
/1 09
20
8
/0 08
20
7
/0 07
20
6
/0 06
/0
20
/0
05
5
0
04
In 2012/13, there were 10,776 participants in adult learning programs, including 8,389 ALC and 2,387 ALP learners.
6,000
20
Most Recent Data
20
Why is This Important?
Participation in Adult Learning Programs, Manitoba, 2004/05 to 2012/13
Adult Literacy Program Learners Adult Learning Centre Learners
Adult Learning Centre Participation, Aboriginal Ancestry, Manitoba, 2012/13
All Aboard Status
Since 2008/09, participation in adult learning programs in Manitoba has been stable (increasing by 1.1%).
Non-Aboriginal
Aboriginal Participants
When I first came to school I didn’t think that I would complete my grade 12. With the daycare and housing so close to the school, it helped me do it. Graduation is something I was only capable of dreaming of, now I have achieved it …. My future plans are to enroll in Red River College to further my achievements. Right now I love my life and I cannot believe that I did it. – Jack, ALC Graduate
Data on participation in adult learning programs is provided by Manitoba Multiculturalism and Literacy, annually.
11
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Indicator 7 Employment Rates12
In 2008, 66.4% of all Manitobans aged 15 and older were employed.
Most Recent Data In 2013, 65.0% of all Manitobans aged 15 and older were employed.
All Aboard Status
Since 2008, Manitoba’s employment rate has decreased by 2.1%.
• The employment rate for women (15 years and older) increased by 4.3% between 1999 (57.5%) and 2013 (60.0%); however, the proportion of men employed in Manitoba (70.2%) continues to be higher than that of women (60.0%). • The employment rate of recent immigrants (landed 5 years or less) was 7.8% higher than the provincial average in 2013, 70.1% compared to 65.0%. First Nations Manitobans continued to experience low employment rates in 2013. These Manitobans were 27.5% less likely to be employed than the provincial average, 47.1% compared to 65.0%. This contributes to the higher rate of low income among First Nations Manitobans.
64% 62% 60% 58% 13
12
20
11
20
10
20
09
20
08
Manitoba
20
20
06
56% 04
Indicator Baseline
• The employment rate for those aged 55 years and older increased by 55.2% between 1999 (25.2%) and 2013 (39.1%).
66%
20
Employment is an important route out of poverty and social exclusion.
68%
02
Why is This Important?
Employment Rate, Manitoba and Canada, 1999 to 2013
20
Manitoba’s employment rate is stable and consistently higher than the national average; 65.0% compared to 61.8% in 2013. Manitoba’s workforce is aging and becoming more gender balanced and more ethnically diverse, as follows:
99
The employment rate shows the percentage of people aged 15 and older who are employed.
20
Trend
19
What Does This Indicate?
Canada
Employment Rate, Manitoba, Age, 2008 and 2013
2008
2013
15‑24 Years Old 25‑54 Years Old 55 Years and Older
65.6% 85.8% 34.7%
61.7% 83.5% 39.1%
Manitoba Average
66.4%
65.0%
Employment Rate, Sex, Manitoba, 2013
Data on employment rates are collected by Statistics Canada through the Labour Force Survey and the Manitoba Bureau of Statistics customizes this data for various sub‑populations. Statistics Canada. 1976 ‑ , Labour Force Survey Microdata File. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 71‑M0001‑X. Monthly; Statistics Canada. No date. Table 282‑0002 – Labour Force Survey estimates (LFS), by sex and detailed age group, annual (persons unless otherwise noted), CANSIM (database). (accessed: August 1, 2014).
12
All Aboard: Manitoba’s Poverty Reduction and Social Inclusion Strategy 2013/14 Annual Report | Page 19
Indicator 8
Average Weekly Earnings13
Statistics Canada’s calculation of average weekly earnings is based on a survey which asks people their usual wage or salary at their main job, before taxes and other deductions, including commissions and tips, and excluding farm income and income from self‑employment.
In 2013, the average weekly earnings in Manitoba were $793.90.
Why is This Important? Change in this indicator shows changes in average earnings, after inflation.
Indicator Baseline In 2008, the average weekly earnings in Manitoba were $764.55 (constant dollars 2013); figures have been adjusted to the most recent year to permit analysis of average earnings after accounting for inflation.
All Aboard Status
Since 2008, Manitoba’s average weekly earnings have increased by 3.8% after inflation.
Trend Wages in Manitoba are increasing. Average earnings (constant dollars) have risen by 13.4% since 1999 (from $700.39 to 793.90), meaning that after having accounted for inflation, the average working Manitoban earned $4,862.52 more in 2013 than they did in 1999. Average weekly earnings show an important disparity: the gap in earnings between men and women. On average, men still earn $207.43 more than women each week, representing a gender earnings gap of 23.2%, down from 33.1% in 1999. Despite many gains, women still experience gender discrimination and the goal of equal pay for work of equal value remains unmet, while progress has been made: the average working Manitoba woman earned $7,060.56 more in 2013 than she did in 1999 (constant dollars).
Data on average weekly earnings are collected by Statistics Canada through the Labour Force Survey and the Manitoba Bureau of Statistics customizes this data for various sub‑populations. Statistics Canada. 1976 ‑ . Labour Force Survey Microdata File. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 71‑M0001‑X. Monthly; Statistics Canada. No date. Table 282‑0074 ‑ Labour Force Survey estimates (LFS), wages of employees by job permanence, union coverage, sex and age group, annual (current dollars unless otherwise noted), CANSIM (database). (accessed: August 1, 2014)
13
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Average Weekly Earnings, Constant Dollars (2013), Canada and Manitoba, 1999 to 2013 $1,000 $800 $600 $400 $200 $0 19 9 20 9 0 20 0 0 20 1 0 20 2 0 20 3 0 20 4 0 20 5 0 20 6 0 20 7 0 20 8 0 20 9 1 20 0 1 20 1 1 20 2 13
Most Recent Data
Manitoba
Canada
Gap in Average Weekly Earnings, Men:Women, Canada and Manitoba, 1999 to 2013 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0%
19 9 20 9 0 20 0 0 20 1 0 20 2 0 20 3 0 20 4 0 20 5 0 20 6 0 20 7 0 20 8 0 20 9 1 20 0 1 20 1 1 20 2 13
What Does This Indicate?
Manitoba
Canada
Indicator 9 Minimum Wage Rates14
Trend
The minimum wage is the lowest amount, per hour, that employees may be paid for work in Manitoba. This rate is set by the Manitoba government.
Manitoba has a competitive minimum wage relative to other provinces and territories that, at March 31, 2014, ranged from $9.95 to $11.00.
Why is This Important? The minimum wage can be an important factor in reducing poverty by increasing the wages of the lowest paid workers, and increases the benefits of moving from income assistance to work in an entry‑level job.
Over the prior decade, Manitoba’s minimum wage has increased relative to inflation: between 1999 and 2013, Manitoba’s minimum wage increased by 74.2% (from $6.00 to $10.45), compared to an increase in the rate of inflation of 31.4% over the same period.15
Minimum Wage, Manitoba, 1999 to 2013 $12 $10 $8 $6 $4 $2 $0 19 9 20 9 0 20 0 0 20 1 0 20 2 0 20 3 0 20 4 0 20 5 0 20 6 0 20 7 0 20 8 0 20 9 1 20 0 1 20 1 1 20 2 13
What Does This Indicate?
Consumer Price Index, Annual, Manitoba, 1999 to 2013
Indicator Baseline In 2008, the minimum wage was $8.50 per hour.
140 120 100
Most Recent Data
80
In 2013, the minimum wage was $10.45 per hour.
40
60
20 19 9 20 9 0 20 0 0 20 1 0 20 2 0 20 3 0 20 4 0 20 5 0 20 6 0 20 7 0 20 8 0 20 9 1 20 0 1 20 1 1 20 2 13
0
All Aboard Status
Since 2008, Manitoba’s minimum wage has increased by 22.9%.
Minimum wage is regulated by the Manitoba government. Statistics Canada. No date. Table 326‑0021 – Consumer Price Index (CPI), 2011 basket, annual (2002=100 unless otherwise noted), CANSIM (database). (accessed: August 14, 2014)
14
15
All Aboard: Manitoba’s Poverty Reduction and Social Inclusion Strategy 2013/14 Annual Report | Page 21
Indicator 10 Low‑income Rates16
All Aboard Status
Since 2008, Manitoba’s rate of low income has risen by 2.3 percentage points.
16
Manitoba
11
10
20
09
20
08
20
07
20
06
20
05
20
04
20
03
0%
Canada
Trend
ata on low income rate and depth has previously been collected by Statistics Canada through the Survey of D Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). Provincial‑level data was reported annually by Statistics Canada. No date. Table 202‑0802 – Persons in low income families, annual, CANSIM (database) (accessed: 2014‑07‑14). Statistics Canada. No date. Table 202‑0804 – Persons in low income, by economic family type, annual, CANSIM (database). (accessed: July 14, 2014). In 2012, the SLID was discontinued and low income data is now being collected through the annual Canadian Income Survey.
Page 22 | All Aboard: Manitoba’s Poverty Reduction and Social Inclusion Strategy 2013/14 Annual Report
Average Low Income Depth, Market Basket Measure, Manitoba, 2002 to 2011 40% 30% 20% 10%
Manitoba
11
20
10
20
09
08
20
20
07
20
06
0% 05
Manitoba, like other provinces, suffered an economic set back with the 2008 global financial crises. Poverty rates increased in response and had not yet returned to pre‑crisis levels as of 2011. However, there were still 5,000 fewer Manitobans living in low income in 2011 than in 2002 and Manitoba has the fourth lowest rate of low income among Canadian provinces, with poverty rates in Manitoba consistently below the national average. Yet, there are persistent income disparities for children, lone parents, youth‑led families and unattached persons (aged 45 to 64 years of age), persons with disabilities and those of Aboriginal ancestry. “Depth of low income” measures the average shortfall in income compared to low‑income thresholds. Analysis of both rate and depth show that some groups, like youth‑led families and unattached adults, experience more severe income deprivation.
20
• 12.6% of Manitobans lived below a threshold set at one‑half the median family income (LIM).
2%
20
• 8.5% of Manitobans lived below After‑Tax LICOs thresholds;
4%
04
• 9.2% of Manitobans lived below the MBM low‑income thresholds;
6%
20
In 2008:
8%
03
Indicator Baseline
10%
02
Low income is a key measure of poverty and social exclusion.
• 14.0% of Manitobans lived below a threshold set at one‑half the median family income (LIM).
12%
20
Why is This Important?
• 8.9% of Manitobans lived below After‑Tax LICO thresholds;
14%
20
Statistics Canada uses various methods to set low‑income thresholds, with the most common being the Market Basket Measure (MBM), After‑Tax Low Income Cut‑Offs (After‑Tax LICOs) and the Low Income Measure (LIM).
• 11.5% of Manitobans lived below MBM thresholds;
Percentage of Persons Living in Low Income, Market Basket Measure, Canada & Manitoba, 2002 to 2011
20
Statistics Canada has not released 2012 data on low‑income, so 2011 data are republished below:
02
The low income rate shows the percentage of population living with disposable income below specified upper limits (thresholds).
20
Most Recent Data
20
What Does This Indicate?
Canada
Low‑Income Rate and Average Depth, Market Basket Measure, Risk Groups, Manitoba, 2011 Rate
Average Depth
Youth‑led Families 31.9% Unattached Persons (45 to 64 years) 28.0% Aboriginal Ancestry (off‑reserve) 16.0% Lone Parent Families 42.0% Persons with a Disability 13.0% Children 17.4%
55.0% 48.9% 47.0% 26.0% 39.3% 22.7%
Indicator 11 Income Inequality17
Gini Value, Canada and Manitoba, 2002 to 2011 0.40 0.39 0.38
Indicator Baseline In 2008, Manitoba’s Gini coefficient was 0.369 and the average after‑tax income of families in each income quintile (constant dollars, 2011) were as follows: Lowest
Second
Third
Fourth
Fifth
$15,800
$33,700
$49,900
$70,400
$124,400
All Aboard Status
Since 2008, income inequality has been stable in Manitoba, with the Gini value improving by 0.002.
11
10
20
09
20
08
20
07
Manitoba, Gini
20
06
20
05
20
20
0.35 04
This indicator reflects inequality in the distribution of income. High income inequality undermines progress on health and education, causes economic instability and undercuts durable growth.18
20
0.36
02
Why is This Important?
03
0.37
20
Income inequality is measured using the Gini coefficient, which shows the difference between absolute equality (where everyone shares equally in wealth) and actual income distribution; inequality is expressed as a value ranging from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (maximum inequality). The Gini coefficient is not necessarily sensitive to changes in income distribution, which is measured by examining the change in the average after‑tax income of families in each income quintile.
20
What Does This Indicate?
Canada, Gini
Percentage Share of After‑Tax Income, Income Quintiles, Manitoba, 2008 and 2011
42.3%
42.1%
23.9%
24.4%
17.0%
16.8%
11.5%
11.3%
5.4%
5.4%
2008 Second Lowest
Third
2011 Fourth
Highest
Data on the Gini coefficient and income distribution by quintile has previously been collected by Statistics Canada through the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). Provincial‑level data was reported annually by Statistics Canada. No date. Table 202‑0703 – Market, total and after‑tax income, by economic family type and after‑tax income quintiles, 2011 constant dollars, annual, CANSIM (database). (accessed: July 18, 2014). Statistics Canada. No date. Table 202‑0705 – Gini coefficients of market, total and after‑tax income, by economic family type, annual (number), CANSIM (database). (accessed: July 14, 2014). In 2012, the SLID was discontinued and low income data is now being collected through the annual Canadian Income Survey. 18 Ostry, Jonathan D. et al. February 2014. “Redistribution, Inequality, and Growth.” International Monetary Fund Staff Discussion Note. p. 4. 17
All Aboard: Manitoba’s Poverty Reduction and Social Inclusion Strategy 2013/14 Annual Report | Page 23
Most Recent Data Statistics Canada has not released 2012 data on income inequality so Manitoba’s 2011 Gini coefficient is republished, 0.367, as are the 2011 average after‑tax income of families in each income quintile, as follows:
Change in After‑Tax Income, Manitoba Families, Income Quintiles, 2002 to 2011 $14,400
Lowest $15,800
Second $33,000
Third $49,100
Fourth $71,300
Fifth $123,000
$7,600 $4,600 $2,900 $1,100 Lowest
Second
Third
Fourth
Highest
Trend Manitoba’s Gini coefficient is stable, consistently lower (better) than Canada overall, and always well‑placed amongst the provinces. Change in the average after‑tax income by quintile shows that economic growth continues to favour the ‘haves.’ Between 2002 and 2011, incremental growth in the top quintile grew to almost wholly cover the lowest quintile’s total average after‑tax income (constant dollars, 2011). The compounding impact of low income appears when examining net worth. Statistics Canada data shows that, between 1999 and 2012, the net worth of Canadian families in the highest quintile increased by 80.7% (from $763,700 to $1.4 million), compared to the lowest quintile, which decreased by 15.4% (from $1,300 to $1,100).19 A good job, homeownership and asset‑building are important elements of durable financial security.
Statistics Canada. February 25, 2014. “Survey of Financial Security, 2012.” Insights on Canadian Society. Catalogue no. 75‑006‑X.
19
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Change in Net Worth, Families, Canada, Income Quintiles, 1999 to 2012 78.8%
83.6%
80.7%
Fourth
Highest
41.7%
-15.4% Lowest
Second
Third
Indicator 12
Post‑secondary Education Participation20
What Does This Indicate?
Most Recent Data
Post‑secondary education participation includes the proportion of the population, 18 to 34 years, who are attending a public post‑secondary institution in Manitoba.
In 2013/14, 18.8% of 18 to 34 year olds in Manitoba attended a public post‑secondary institution in Manitoba, broken down as follows: 2013/14
Post‑secondary Education Participation, age 18 to 34 years, Manitoba, 2000/01 to 2013/14 25% 20% 15%
Why is This Important?
18 to 24 Years
32.1%
There is a direct correlation between level of education and earnings.
25 to 29 Years
11.3%
5%
30 to 34 Years
7.5%
0%
Indicator Baseline
18 to 34 Years
18.8%
2008/09 18 to 24 Years
33.4%
25 to 29 Years
12.5%
30 to 34 Years
6.5%
18 to 34 Years
19.9%
All Aboard Status
Trend While participation rates in Manitoba have been stable over time, enrolment numbers are expected to decrease over the coming decade, as the population aged 18 to 24 years is decreasing in number. However, the anticipated decrease in enrolment follows from a period of sustained growth. Between 1999/00 and 2013/14, university enrolment increased by 44.5%. Between 1999/00 and 2012/13, college enrolment increased by 51.8%.
Since 2008/09, 5.5% fewer 18 to 34 year olds are participating in post‑secondary education.
0 20 0/0 01 1 20 /02 0 20 2/0 03 3 20 /04 0 20 4/0 0 5 20 5/0 0 6 20 6/0 07 7 20 /08 0 20 8/0 09 9 20 /10 1 20 0/1 11 1 20 /12 1 20 2/1 13 3 /1 4
20
College and University Enrolment, Manitoba, 1999/00 to 2013/14 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 19 9 20 9/0 0 0 20 0/01 0 20 1/0 0 2 20 2/0 0 3 20 3/0 0 4 20 4/0 0 5 20 5/0 0 6 20 6/0 0 7 20 7/0 0 8 20 8/0 0 9 20 9/1 1 0 20 0/1 1 1 20 1/1 1 2 20 2/1 13 3 /1 4
In 2008/09, 19.9% of 18 to 34 year olds in Manitoba attended a public post‑secondary institution in Manitoba, broken down as follows:
10%
College*
University**
* College enrolment includes regular programs and apprenticeship (not continuing education, distance education and contract training) and covers a school year from July to June, annually. Therefore 2013/14 figures are unavailable until later in fall 2014. ** University enrolment includes undergraduate and graduate students registered from September to April (regular session).
Data on post‑secondary education participation is collected by Statistics Canada through the Labour Force Survey and customized for Manitoba, annually. Data on post‑secondary enrolment is collected by Manitoba Education and Advanced Learning, annually.
20
All Aboard: Manitoba’s Poverty Reduction and Social Inclusion Strategy 2013/14 Annual Report | Page 25
Advancing Education, Jobs and Income Support Despite prolonged uncertainty in the global economy, Manitoba’s economy has maintained steady growth and low unemployment. The Manitoba model has focused on protecting the services that Manitobans rely upon the most, such as support for education, training and workforce development. This has ensured that Manitobans continue to have opportunities to succeed, whether it is a young person thinking about employment, someone who wants a better job, or an individual struggling to find an opening in the job market, there are resources in place to help Manitobans get skills, qualifications and supports. Work is a healthy and effective route out of poverty. Manitoba Works! is an example of targeted support for low‑income Manitobans, to help them find sustainable employment and good jobs. This three‑year $3 million investment relies on a series of partnerships with community‑based agencies to provide supportive training and co‑op work opportunities with employers. Programming will specifically target Manitobans with barriers to employment and focus on Employment and Income Assistance participants. The new Gateway to Apprenticeship program is another example of an initiative that will provide targeted employment and training opportunities
for more low‑income Manitobans. It includes programs to develop skills in the trades for youth and under‑employed populations; create apprenticeship opportunities for Aboriginal persons and women; and launch new trade initiatives specific to community and Aboriginal economic development. Many vulnerable Manitobans cannot work and others are working for low wages. Measures that make an enriched and happy life in Manitoba affordable to low‑income Manitobans are important. Sustaining and enhancing these programs in uncertain economic times is particularly significant. Targeted income supports and income tax credits reach many who need help the most. In addition to the new $20 million dollar investment in the Rent Assist program, Manitoba continues to maintain programs such as the Manitoba Child Benefit, the Children’s Opti‑care Program, the Healthy Baby Prenatal Benefit, and the reversal of the claw‑back of the National Child Benefit, which returns approximately $48 million to low‑income parents annually. Manitoba also continues to provide broad based tax savings to Manitobans. The Manitoba government has
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introduced the Seniors’ School Tax Rebate, a phased‑in approach to the elimination of the education property tax paid by senior homeowners. The tax will be fully eliminated by 2016, save for those who reside in very expensive homes. In 2014, all senior homeowners who still pay education property tax will be eligible for a rebate of $235, which will take another 7,200 seniors off the education property tax roll. The Manitoba government is raising the Basic Income Tax Exemption by $250 in 2014, meaning a further 5,500 low‑income Manitobans will be removed from the income tax roll. Since 2011, these exemptions have increased by $1,000 and the number of low‑income Manitobans who pay no income tax has increased by 22,000. Enhancements to income supports, targeted training, workforce development and income tax credits, are an ongoing priority. The Strategy for Sustainable Employment and a Stronger Labour Force is a dynamic approach to cultivating rewarding job opportunities for those that might not otherwise participate in the labour force.
Pillar Three Strong, Healthy Families
Manitoba is a great place to raise a family and hosts a unique suite of advantages: affordability, strong economic fundamentals, a robust approach to early childhood development and a reliable health care system. These advantages, unfortunately, on their own are not enough to keep all Manitoba families out of poverty. A minority of our province’s children are born into poverty and some Manitoba families struggle to care and provide safety to their children. There are children who enter the school system without the physical, social, emotional, cognitive and communication prerequisites and who need targeted supports to succeed. Some families experience distinct challenges attributable to geography and ethnicity; teenage parents also know specific adversity. Those with lower incomes are more susceptible to chronic disease, and are more likely to have a premature death. Residents of lower income areas have significantly higher mortality rates and higher prevalence of physical and mental illness.21 Research shows that facing disadvantage early in life can have a huge negative impact, and conversely, strong investments in early childhood development can make a big difference. Manitoba is a leader with respect to prioritizing early childhood development (ECD), as well as in the research and monitoring progress of our initiatives. Targeted programs and investments, such as the unique pilot project at Lord Selkirk Park, which is delivering the Abecedarian program, is helping children achieve rapid improvement in reading, communication and numeracy. These types of programs are not only producing important results for children, but also their families and their broader communities. Manitoba continues progress on growing and strengthening one of the strongest community‑based child care programs in Canada. Affordability of child care in Manitoba remains one the best in Canada, and the workforce is being strengthened through targeted investments to ensure a qualified and strong ECD educator workforce. Manitoba continues to make investments in new schools and programming, with targeted investments into the early years, creating strong foundations and quality learning environments.
Family Choices: Manitoba’s Five‑Year Agenda for Early Learning and Child Care in Manitoba (2008‑2013) In 2013, the Manitoba government concluded Family Choices: Manitoba’s Five‑Year Agenda for Early Learning and Child Care. Highlights of commitments made under this agenda include: • Funding for 6,500 child care spaces across the province • Funding of $37 million committed for 121 projects to renovate, expand or create new child care centres and spaces • A province‑wide Online Child Care Registry to help parents locate licensed early learning and child care (ELCC) facilities and register their children on multiple waitlists at one time • Manitoba continued to maintain the lowest regulated parent fees in Canada outside of Quebec. Eligibility levels were increased for the Child Care Subsidy Program to help make child care more affordable for more low‑income families • A stronger workforce was supported through increases to operating grants and funding for pension plans and retirement supports for the child care sector • A wage adjustment fund was also introduced to support hourly wages of at least $15.50 for Early Childcare Educator (ECE) IIs and $12.25 for Child Care Assistants (CCAs)‑in‑training. These funding supports and increases to parent fees raised revenue to child care centers by more than 20%. In the fall of 2013, Manitoba undertook a provincial consultation on Early Learning and Child Care (ELCC) and gathered input from families, the workforce, students and key stakeholders through in‑person forums and online feedback for the development of options and recommendations for the next multi‑year plan for ELCC.
Fransoo, R., Martens, P., The Need To Know Team, Prior, H., Burchill, C., Koseva, I., Bailly, A., Allegro, E. October 2013. 2013 RHA Indicators Atlas. Manitoba Centre for Health Policy.
21
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Indicator 13
Early Development Instrument22
What Does This Indicate?
Indicator Baseline
The Early Development Instrument (EDI) measures the percentage of kindergarten children “very ready” (top 30th percentile) and “not ready” (lowest 10th percentile) to learn in school in five areas:
2008/09 school‑year EDI scores show that 14% of children were not ready to learn (lowest 10th percentile) in two or more areas and 29% were not ready in one or more areas; while 43% and 63% were very ready to learn (top 30th percentile) in two or more and one or more areas, respectively.
• physical health and well‑being • social competence
Most Recent Data
• language and thinking skills
2010/11 school‑year EDI scores show that 15% of children were not ready to learn (lowest 10th percentile) in two or more areas and 28% were not ready in one or more areas; while 45% and 65% were very ready to learn (top 30th percentile) in two or more and one or more areas, respectively.
The EDI includes all kindergarten children registered in a public school division. Independent (private) and First Nations Band‑operated schools may elect to collect EDI data.
Why is This Important? Children who begin school ready to learn are more likely to succeed. EDI results help communities identify opportunities to best support early childhood development.
All Aboard Status
Since 2008/09, EDI scores in Manitoba have been stable.
50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
• emotional maturity • communication skills and general knowledge
EDI Scores, Manitoba, 2005/06 to 2010/11
Trend EDI scores show that Manitoba children have similar school readiness as the Canadian average, and that children with Aboriginal ancestry are generally less ready to learn than non‑Aboriginal children in Manitoba – differences that largely disappear after accounting for socio‑economic status. Language and thinking skills in Manitoba are improving at a statistically significant rate.
Data on Manitoba’s Early Development Instrument is collected by the Healthy Child Manitoba Office, biennially.
22
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2005/06
2006/07
2008/09
2010/11
Not Ready in 1 or More Areas Very Ready in 2 or More Areas
The Abecedarian Project A child care centre in the Lord Selkirk Park neighbourhood is piloting the Abecedarian approach, including the well‑evaluated and successful Abecedarian curriculum, low educator:child ratios, an enhanced educator training model, a home visit‑family engagement component and a meal program. Thirty‑two infant and preschool spaces are available for participating children and their families.
Indicator 14
Availability of Licensed Child Care23
What Does This Indicate?
Most Recent Data
Availability of licensed child care measures the percentage of children in Manitoba (ages 12 and under) for whom there are regulated child care space. This excludes child care spaces on‑reserve.
In 2013/14, 17.3% of children under the age of twelve had access to a regulated child care space. There were regulated spaces for 24.4% of children 0 to 5 years of age.
Indicator Baseline In 2008/09, 16.4% of children under the age of twelve had access to a regulated child care space.
All Aboard Status
15% 10%
Trend Through Manitoba’s regulated child care program, the number of spaces has increased at a steady rate. In 2002/03, there were regulated child care spaces available for 13.5% of children (aged 12 and under); in 2013/14, availability had increased to 17.3%, a 28.1% improvement. In 2013/14, there were 32,555 spaces, including 21,778 for preschool and 10,777 for school‑age children. Program capacity increased by 921 spaces in 2013/14, which represents an increase of 2.9% from 2012/13. Demand for additional spaces remains, with the greatest demand being for infant spaces.
5% 0% 02 20 /03 03 20 /04 04 20 /05 05 20 /06 06 20 /07 07 20 /08 08 20 /09 09 20 /10 10 20 /11 11 20 /12 12 20 /13 13 /1 4
This measure shows access to quality, affordable child care, which can lead to better outcomes for children. It also gives parents the opportunity to work, pursue training or go to school while their children receive care, and early learning experiences.
20%
20
Why is This Important?
Availability of Licensed Child Care, Manitoba, 2002/03 to 2013/14
Budget 2013 Update In 2013/14, new funding was approved for an additional 386 new child care spaces in centres. In total, 392 new centre spaces were funded and opened in eleven centres, six of which were new sites.
Since 2008/09, 5.5% more Manitoba children have access to a regulated child care space.
Data on the availability of licensed child care spaces is collected by Manitoba Family Services, annually.
23
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Indicator 15 Children in Care24
Children in Care measures the percentage of Manitoba children (17 years and younger) who are in the care of a Child and Family Services agency.
The proportion of children in care continues to grow. The largest increase has been Aboriginal children taken into care by Aboriginal Child and Family Services agencies.
Why is This Important?
At March 31, 2014, there were 10,293 children in care. In addition to these cases, there were 542 extensions of care, where support was extended to youth 18 and older. Child and Family Services agencies also offer voluntary family and family enhancement services. At March 31, 2014, there were 10,287 families receiving these services, which help to keep children safe at home with their families.
An increase in the proportion of children in care (as a percentage of the total child population) may indicate that more families are struggling to care and provide safety for their children. It may also reflect changes in standards and practices in the field.
Indicator Baseline At March 31, 2008, 2.8% of Manitoba children were in the care of a Child and Family Services agency.
Most Recent Data At March 31, 2014, 3.6% of Manitoba children were in the care of a Child and Family Services agency.
All Aboard Status
Since 2008/09, the rate of children in care has increased by 0.8 percentage points.
In addition to the disruption in the lives of children in care, the Conference Board of Canada has found that, on average, a Canadian child aging‑out of foster care in 2013/14 would earn approximately $326,000 less income over his or her lifespan than the Canadian average.25 Children in care
Percentage of Children under Age 18 In Care, at March 31, Manitoba, 2001 to 2014 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% 0 20 1 0 20 2 0 20 3 04 20 0 20 5 06 20 0 20 7 0 20 8 0 20 9 1 20 0 1 20 1 12 20 1 20 3 14
Trend
20
What Does This Indicate?
are not the only people to lose: the cost to Canada of social assistance and forgone income and consumption taxes is estimated to be $289 million for each cohort (annually) of these children that age out of care.26 It is in everyone’s interest to see children grow in happy, healthy homes.
The General Authority (GA) has helped me in my journey, providing both emotional and financial support. During my first year of University, I received financial assistance through the GA Post‑Secondary Fund and was able to access counseling services through their Building Futures initiative. Those supports allowed me to grow stronger and more determined as an individual. Also with help from the General Authority, this year I was awarded a Youth in Care Tuition Waiver from the University of Manitoba. Not only will this help me to complete my degree in Social Work, this allows me to completely focus my attention on academic studies. – Amanda, a former Child in Care
Data on children in care is collected by Manitoba Family Services, annually. 25 Bounajm, Fares, Beckman, Kip, and Theriault, Louis. April 2014. Success for All: Investing in the Future of Canadian Children in Care. Ottawa: The Conference Board of Canada. p. 2. 26 Ibid. p. 23. 24
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Indicator 16 Teen Birth Rates27
The teen birth rate decreased 21.9% between 1999/2000 and 2012/2013.
Why is This Important? Manitoba Centre for Health Policy data shows a link between a mother having her first child when she is young and increased risk of poorer outcomes for both her children and herself.28
Indicator Baseline In 2008/09, there were 16.4 births per 1,000 females aged 10 to 19 years in Manitoba.
Most Recent Data In 2012/13, there were 13.9 births per 1,000 females aged 10 to 19 years in Manitoba.
Income, geography and ethnicity continue to largely shape this indicator, and in 2012/13: • there were 34.7 more teen births per 1,000 amongst rural Manitobans in the lowest income quintile (35.7 per 1,000) compared to urban Manitobans in the highest urban income quintile (1.0 per 1,000); • there were 12.4 more teen births per 1,000 amongst Manitobans in the lowest rural income quintile (35.7 per 1,000) than there were for Manitobans in the lowest urban income quintile (23.3 per 1,000); and • the teen birth rate was more than five times as high for First Nations Manitobans (51.4 and 50.5 on‑ and off‑reserve per 1,000, respectively) as it was for other Manitobans (9.0 per 1,000).
Teen Birth Rate, Manitoba, 1999/2000 to 2012/13 20 15 10 5 0 9 20 9/0 0 0 20 0/0 0 1 20 1/0 02 2 20 /03 0 20 3/0 04 4 20 /05 0 20 5/0 0 6 20 6/0 0 7 20 7/0 0 8 20 8/0 0 9 20 9/1 10 0 20 /11 1 20 1/1 12 2 /1 3
The teen birth rate shows the number of live births to females aged 10 to 19 years as a rate per 1,000 females the same age.
19
Trend
Live Births per 1,000 Teenage Females
What Does This Indicate?
Teen Birth Rates, Manitoba, Urban & Rural Income Quintiles, 2012/13 35.7
23.3 15.9
20.1
16.6
12.8 8.3 3.9
Lowest
Second
Third Urban
Fourth
6.4 1.0 Highest
Rural
All Aboard Status
In 2012/13, there were 15.2% fewer births to teen mothers than in 2008/09.
Manitoba’s crude teen birth rate is collected by Manitoba Health, Healthy Living and Seniors, annually. Martens, P. J., Brownell, M., Au, W., MacWilliam, L., Prior, H., Schultz, J., Guenette, W., Elliott, L., Buchan, S., Anderson, M., Caetano, P., Metge C, Santos, R., Serwonka, K. September 2010. Health Inequities in Manitoba: Is the Socioeconomic Gap Widening or Narrowing Over Time? Winnipeg, MB: Manitoba Centre for Health Policy. p. 47 – 54.
27 28
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Indicator 17 Potential Years of Life Lost by Income Quintile29
Potential years of life lost (PYLL) by income quintile measures premature mortality (before age 75) disaggregated by income. Information is presented as total years lost per 1,000 people up to age 75, by geography and income quintile to differentiate between rural and urban rates of low income.
Why is This Important? This indicator shows the link between income and risk of premature death.
Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL), Rural and Urban, Lowest Income Quintiles, Manitoba, 1999/00 to 2012/13 100
PYLL per 1,000
What Does This Indicate?
80 60 40 20
Indicator Baseline
Lowest
Second
Third
Fourth
Highest
Rural
94.3
48.4
56.9
47.0
42.1
Urban
84.3
55.8
44.5
35.5
26.1
19
9 20 9/0 00 0 20 /01 0 20 1/0 02 2 20 /03 0 20 3/0 0 4 20 4/0 05 5 20 /06 0 20 6/0 0 7 20 7/0 08 8 20 /09 0 20 9/1 1 0 20 0/1 11 1 20 /12 12 /1 3
0
In 2008/09, there were, on average, 53.8 years of life lost per 1,000 Manitobans, aged 0 to 74 years, broken down by income quintile, as follows:
Rural
Urban
Total 53.8 Yrs
Potential Years of Life Lost, Sex, Manitoba, 2012/13
Most Recent Data In 2012/13, there were, on average, 49.6 years of life lost per 1,000 Manitobans, aged 0 to 74 years, broken down by income quintile, as follows: Lowest
Second
Third
Fourth
Highest
Rural
77.4
58.3
45.7
47.3
39.1
Urban
80.5
48.3
38.3
27.8
26.2
60.0
39.1
Total 49.6 Yrs
Trend All Aboard Status
Since 2008/09, the potential years of life lost for all Manitobans has decreased by 4.2 years.
Men, northern residents and First Nations Manitobans have, on average, increased potential years of life lost. First Nations northern males face particular risk. Overall, PYLL disparities are decreasing, especially in rural Manitoba.
Data on the potential years of life lost by income quintile is collected by Manitoba Health, Healthy Living and Seniors, annually, and are not age adjusted.
29
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Potential Years of Life Lost, Regional Health Authority, Manitoba, 2012/13 84.3
40.1
Southern
46.8
Winnipeg
52.4
54.9
Prairie Mountain
InterlakeEastern
Northern
Indicator 18
Prevalence of Chronic Diseases by Income Quintile30 What Does This Indicate? The prevalence of chronic diseases by income quintile shows the relationship between income and the prevalence of arthritis, diabetes, hypertension, and respiratory diseases. Rates of these chronic diseases are based on the per cent of population aged 19 and over; except for respiratory diseases, which includes all ages.
Why is This Important?
Prevalence, Diabetes, Select Income Quintiles, Manitoba, 2012/13 10.5%
9.6%
8.6%
7.9% 6.2%
Lowest Income Quintile
Middle Income Quintile Rural
Chronic diseases are a major cause of death and disability; Manitobans living in low income are more likely to experience the burden of chronic disease than others.
6.1%
Highest Income Quintile
Urban
Prevalence, Respiratory Diseases, Select Income Quintiles, Manitoba, 2012/13
All Aboard Status
Since 2008/09, the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes have increased, while respiratory diseases have decreased. An update on the prevalence of arthritis among Manitobans is unavailable at this time.
13.4% 11.8% 8.9%
Lowest Income Quintile
9.0%
8.8%
Middle Income Quintile Rural
10.0%
Highest Income Quintile
Urban
Prevalence, Hypertension, Select Income Quintiles, Manitoba, 2012/13 32.2% 28.3% 26.9%
Lowest Income Quintile
26.9%
Middle Income Quintile Rural
25.7% 25.7%
Highest Income Quintile
Urban
Crude data on the prevalence of chronic disease by income quintile is collected by Manitoba Health, Healthy Living and Seniors, annually, and are not age adjusted.
30
All Aboard: Manitoba’s Poverty Reduction and Social Inclusion Strategy 2013/14 Annual Report | Page 33
Indicator Baseline The prevalence of select chronic diseases by income quintile in 2008/09 are shown below: Lowest
Diabetes Respiratory Diseases
Second
Third
Fourth
Highest
Rural
Urban
Rural
Urban
Rural
Urban
Rural
Urban
Rural
Urban
10.3%
9.0%
7.9%
7.4%
7.5%
7.0%
6.8%
6.2%
5.5%
5.1%
9.2%
13.9%
8.4%
12.0%
8.7%
10.9%
8.7%
9.9%
8.2%
8.8%
Hypertension
28.0%
26.8%
29.3%
25.4%
28.1%
26.6%
28.9%
25.6%
22.8%
24.3%
Arthritis
31.2%
34.8%
31.4%
31.3%
33.3%
31.9%
32.0%
31.0%
29.7%
31.2%
Most Recent Data The prevalence of select chronic diseases by income quintile in 2012/13 are shown below: Lowest
Diabetes Respiratory Diseases Hypertension
Second
Third
Fourth
Highest
Rural
Urban
Rural
Urban
Rural
Urban
Rural
Urban
Rural
Urban
10.5%
9.6%
9.6%
8.5%
8.6%
7.9%
7.8%
7.1%
6.2%
6.1%
8.9%
13.4%
9.4%
12.3%
9.0%
11.8%
8.0%
10.8%
8.8%
10.0%
28.3%
26.9%
31.9%
27.0%
32.2%
26.9%
27.1%
26.6%
25.7%
25.7%
Arthritis
Data Unavailable
Trend Risk of chronic disease, generally, increases with age and lower income. Chronic disease is on the rise, and diabetes in particular is a problem. The prevalence of diabetes has the strongest correlation with income and First Nations Manitobans are at the highest risk of this disease. Since 1999/00, the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension have risen by 69.4% and 33.3%, respectively. Although the prevalence of diabetes is on the rise, recent research shows that since the mid-1990s, the mortality associated with diabetes has dropped significantly, implying that people with diabetes are living longer, which would increase prevalence. This reflects the benefits of early detection, and improvements in healthcare and self-care for people with diabetes. For both diabetes and hypertension, the incidence of new cases is decreasing, meaning that the prevalence of these diseases is also expected to decrease over time. However, decreasing incidence rates are not found in lower income areas.31 Fransoo, et al. Pp. 67, 75 and 91.
31
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Growing Strong Healthy Families
Manitoba’s children are our greatest resource and responsibility. The best gift we can give them is a healthy start in their early years. Every parent wants the best for their children, but not all parents are in a position to provide their children with the same opportunities as others. The Manitoba government appreciates that parenting is challenging. The demands made on family time and funds can be exhaustive. The Manitoba government has recently added a new tool to help improve our ability to level the playing field: The Early Childhood Development Innovation Fund. This $1 million fund was seeded through $500,000 invested by The McConnell Foundation, which was matched by the Manitoba government. The first project supported under this fund is the Winnipeg Boldness Project, which will focus on innovative early childhood development initiatives for children and families in the Point Douglas community of Winnipeg. Lessons learned from this project will inform future investments. The Early Childhood Development Innovation Fund complements the suite of evidence‑based programs and services that help Manitoba
families and children to thrive, under the leadership of the Healthy Child Committee of Cabinet. An available child care space is an important prerequisite for many parents who participate in the labour force or attend school. Building on prior efforts to expand Manitoba’s child care system (see page 27), the Manitoba government is again committed to a new Multi‑year Child Care Plan that will build and open new child care centres over the next five years, as well as increase the number of licensed family child care homes. Over the next five years (2014/15 to 2018/19) Manitoba will invest in over 5,000 new and newly funded spaces. Increased operating grants will be provided and a wage enhancement grant for long‑term Early Childhood Educators will be established in support of higher wages for the sector. Children should be happy at home and the Manitoba government is working to reduce the number of children taken into care. Proactive measures have been introduced to identify problems early so that supports may be wrapped‑around the family before there is distress. In 2008, Differential
Response was introduced to Manitoba. This enables child protection workers to determine the kinds of supports and services needed to keep children safe and families healthy. Families receive holistic and collaborative services that have been adapted to their situation. Unfortunately, there remains a need to protect children from harm, but these children should not be left behind. Programming is now in place offering Tuition Waivers to eligible youth in care/formerly in care at public post‑secondary institutions across Manitoba.
Winnipeg Boldness Project The Project is a new initiative aiming to work alongside the North End community to improve outcomes for young children in the Point Douglas area. It is a child‑centred, early childhood development project that brings together deep community wisdom and world‑leading science in order to bring about large‑scale change.
MYTEAM Manitoba Youth Transitional Employment Assistance Mentorship (MYTEAM) is a community‑based pilot project in Winnipeg and Thompson to support youth 16 to 21 years of age who are leaving, or have recently left the care of Manitoba Child and Family Services (CFS) agencies as they transition to living independently as adults in the community. Emma (20), a young parent, finished the MYTEAM program in April 2013. She went on to complete her Mature Student diploma in June of that year, having built confidence and a number of skills as she worked on her personal goals. Emma left the program with a number of positive work and life experiences, stable housing, and a financial plan that would enable her to be secure in meeting her and her child’s needs. All Aboard: Manitoba’s Poverty Reduction and Social Inclusion Strategy 2013/14 Annual Report | Page 35
Pillar Four
Accessible, Co‑ordinated Services
Accessible and co‑ordinated services help all Manitobans and are especially important for those with complex problems. Indicators of accessible and co‑ordinated services include continuity of physician care, the use of ACCESS centres, and the number of Manitobans receiving co‑ordinated home care services. These measure some of the ways that the Manitoba government’s suite of services and programming is helping those with the greatest need, as: • Manitoba’s universal home care program offers both health and daily living services to vulnerable Manitobans where they live; • continuity of care is an important feature of a responsive health care system and can result in improved health outcomes as a result of one physician managing a person’s healthcare needs over an extended period of time; and
Poverty is an important determinant of health. “People low on the socio‑economic scale are likely to carry a higher burden of just about any disease”32 reports the Canadian Medical Association, which also found “that poverty underpinned most other social determinants of health such as adequate housing, nutritious food and proper early childhood development.”33 In 2013, the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy considered the health status of those living in social housing and determined that poverty is an important factor associated with many negative outcomes (including lower rates of high school completion and screening mammography, and higher rates of respiratory morbidity).34
• access to co‑ordinated health and social services at ACCESS centres can result in better co‑ordination of care, improved access to inter‑professional team members as well as improved continuity of care
Canadian Medical Association. 2013. Health Care in Canada: What Makes Us Sick? p. 4. Ibid. 34 Smith, M., Finlayson, G., Martens, P., Dunn, J., Prior, H., Taylor, C., Soodeen, RA, Burchill, C., Guenette, W., Hinds, A. June 2013. Social Housing in Manitoba Part II: Social Housing and Health in Manitoba: A First Look. Winnipeg, MB. Manitoba Centre for Health Policy. Manitoba Centre for Health Policy. p. XV & XVII. 32 33
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My Health Teams (MyHT) The Manitoba government is supporting the development of collaborative partnerships between regional health authorities, and other care providers such as fee‑for‑service primary care practices, community health agencies and other organizations, who work closely with one another to plan, develop and provide enhanced local primary care services through resource sharing and a team‑based approach. Each MyHT is a bit different, as services are specifically designed to meet community needs. However, all teams focus on being inclusive of their patients and working with them to help patients stay as well as they can be. As we go forward, MyHT will support improved access to primary care providers and improve continuity of care. There are 14 MyHealthTeams being developed and implemented across Manitoba.
Indicator 19
Average Monthly Number of People Receiving Co‑ordinated Home Care Services35 The average monthly number of people receiving co‑ordinated home care services shows the average number of Manitobans receiving Manitoba Home Care services (per month). This provides both support for activities of daily living and/or health services.
The average number of people receiving co‑ordinated home care services has increased by 15.8% since 1999/00, which demonstrates the Manitoba government’s commitment to respond to a growing and aging population.
Why is This Important? The Home Care Program provides services to vulnerable Manitobans, helping them remain in the community.
Indicator Baseline
Home care services are provided by various professionals and non‑professional regional program staff, comprising home support services, home care attendants, registered nurses, licensed practical nurses and various therapies.
In 2008/09, 23,075 Manitobans received co‑ordinated home care services, monthly (on average).
Co‑ordinated Home Care Services, Average Number of Individuals per Month, Manitoba, 1999/00 to 2012/13 25,000 24,000 23,000 22,000 21,000 20,000 19,000 18,000 99 20 /00 0 20 0/01 01 20 /02 0 20 2/0 03 3 20 /04 0 20 4/0 05 5 20 /06 0 20 6/0 07 7 20 /08 08 20 /09 09 20 /10 1 20 0/1 1 1 20 1/1 12 2 /1 3
Trend
19
What Does This Indicate?
Select Home Care Services, Average Number of Individuals per Month, Manitoba, 2012/13 16,000 14,000
Most Recent Data
12,000 10,000 8,000
In 2012/13, 24,514 Manitobans received co‑ordinated home care services, monthly (on average).
6,000 4,000 2,000 0
Therapy
Licensed Practical Nurse
Home Support Service
Registered Nursing
Home Care Attendant
*Individuals may receive more than one type of service.
All Aboard Status
Since 2008/09, there are 6.2% more Manitobans receiving co‑ordinated home care services.
35
Data on co‑ordinated home care services is collected by Manitoba Health, Healthy Living and Seniors, annually.
All Aboard: Manitoba’s Poverty Reduction and Social Inclusion Strategy 2013/14 Annual Report | Page 37
Indicator 20
Continuity of Physician Care36
Indicator Baseline For the two‑year period from 2007/08 to 2008/09, 70.6% of Manitobans received most of their care from the same physician.
Most Recent Data For the two‑year period from 2011/12 to 2012/13, 69.3% of Manitobans received most of their care from the same physician.
• 14.1% lower in the Northern Regional Health Authority (61.4%) than it was in the Winnipeg Regional Health Authority (71.5%); • 24.5% lower among those under the age of 19 (58.5%) than it was among those 65 years and older (77.5%); and • over 20% lower among First Nations Manitobans (58.5% and 54.2% on‑ and off‑reserve, respectively than it was for non‑First Nations Manitobans (70.3%). Disparities in physician care are converging. Inequities between rural and urban dwellers and among Manitobans with different levels of income are narrowing.
All Aboard Status
Since 2007/08 to 2008/09, Continuity of Physician Care has been stable (decreasing by 1.8%).
65% 60% 55%
3 /1
1 20
12
/1
8 /0
10 20
7 20
08
/0
5 /0
06 20
04
/0
3
50% 20
This indicator reflects the importance of having a relationship with the same primary care provider or clinic to ensure that people have a home base for ongoing care, co‑ordination and support from someone who knows them and their health needs.
70%
1
• 11.6% lower amongst rural Manitobans in the lowest income quintile (63.2%) than it was amongst urban Manitobans in the highest income quintile (71.5%);
75%
02
Why is This Important?
Continuity of Physician Care, Individuals, Manitoba, 1999/00 – 2000/01 to 2011/12 – 2012/13
/0
Continuity of Physician Care has improved by 5.2% from 1999/2000 – 2000/01 to 2011/12 – 2012/13. Income, geography, age and ethnicity largely shape this indicator, as in 2011/12 – 2012/13 continuity of physician care was:
20
Continuity of Physician Care shows the percentage of Manitobans who had most of their ambulatory physician visits from the same physician over a two‑year period.
00
Trend
20
What Does This Indicate?
Continuity of Physician Care, Population Groups, Manitoba, 2011/12 – 2012/13 69.3% 63.2%
61.4% 58.5% 54.2%
Manitoba Overall
Lowest Rural Income Quintile
Northern
Under the Age of 19
First Nations (off-reserve)
Continuity of Physician Care, Manitoba, Rural and Urban Income Quintiles, 1999/00 – 2000/01 to 2011/12 – 2012/13 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 55%
19 99 /0 020 00 20 /0 01 1 /0 220 02 20 /0 03 3 /0 420 20 04 05 /0 5 /0 620 06 20 /0 07 7 /0 820 08 20 /0 09 8 /1 020 10 20 /1 11 1 /1 220 12 /1 3
50%
36
Crude data on continuity of physician care is collected by Manitoba Health, Healthy Living and Seniors, annually.
Page 38 | All Aboard: Manitoba’s Poverty Reduction and Social Inclusion Strategy 2013/14 Annual Report
Lowest, Rural Highest, Rural
Lowest, Urban Highest, Urban
Indicator 21 Number of People Using ACCESS Centres37 What Does This Indicate? The number of people using ACCESS Centres measures the number of Manitobans who receive services from an ACCESS Centre.
Units of Service, ACCESS Centres, Winnipeg, Select Years 53,033
Why is This Important?
56,056
42,175
This indicator reflects the ongoing access to co‑ordinated and comprehensive health and social services from a single site.
Indicator Baseline
2010/11
2012/13
2013/14
In 2010/11, there were 42,175 units of service38 provided at ACCESS Centres in Manitoba (only available in Winnipeg). Note that individuals may receive multiple services.
All Aboard Status
Since 2010/11, there has been a 32.9% increase in the units of service provided at ACCESS Centres.
The Downtown Health and Social Service team has helped me find hope for a promising future. Employment and Income Assistance connected me with mental health services and advocated for additional financial supports to get me in better housing. Mental health supports gave me skills and insight to handle a difficult diagnosis and find stability. They kept everyone else in the loop when I could not, so I did not lose my EIA or MarketABILITIES supports. MarketABILITIES was patient with me as I made some mistakes along the way. Together, they all played an important role in getting me back to school and hopeful again. – Alex, Health and Social Service team client
Data on people using ACCESS centres is collected by Manitoba Health, Healthy Living and Seniors and Manitoba Family Services, annually. 38 Units of service comprise an array of health and social service supports, including Children’s disABILITY Services, Community Living disABILITY Services, Child Development MarketAbilities, Inclusion Support, prenatal/post partum referrals, Families First, communicable disease investigations, influenza vaccines, home care, mental health and the primary care programming. In addition to these units of care, there are also minor fee‑for‑service procedures, speech/language, dietician, audiology and midwifery services available at ACCESS Centres. 37
All Aboard: Manitoba’s Poverty Reduction and Social Inclusion Strategy 2013/14 Annual Report | Page 39
Most Recent Data In 2013/14, there were 56,056 units of service administered at ACCESS Centres in Winnipeg (with multiple units potentially delivered to one individual), including 9,642 units delivered at ACCESS Nor West which opened in 2013, as follows: 2013/14 River East
Transcona
Downtown
Nor West
Total
Primary Care Clinic Patients
8,363
3,562
6,349
5,339
23,613
Public Health Cases
5,083
2,912
4,314
2,778
15,087
Home Care
4,148
1,755
2,640
–
8,543
429
190
559
103
1,281
Mental Health
Notes
1
Employment and Income Assistance Cases
2393
1,917
1,004
5,314
2
Disability Cases
1025
492
333
1,850
3
178
105
85
368
4
Child Development Cases
1 Data collected on a calendar year basis. 2 Family Services administered programming at Access River East and Access Transcona are collected in aggregate. 3 Disability cases include Children’s disABILITY Services, Community Living disABILITY Services and MarketAbilities programming. 4 Child development cases include child development and inclusion support programming.
Trend ACCESS Centres provide community‑based co‑ordinated service delivery. In addition to ACCESS Centres, many services are also co‑ordinated at five Health and Social Service Centres in Winnipeg. In 2013/14, there were a further 9,581 Employment and Income Assistance cases, 3,601 Disability Cases and 266 Child Development cases administered alongside health programming in the areas of home care, mental health and public health at Health and Social Service Centres.
Page 40 | All Aboard: Manitoba’s Poverty Reduction and Social Inclusion Strategy 2013/14 Annual Report
Promoting Accessible, Co‑ordinated Services Many low‑income Manitobans rely on the services provided by the Manitoba government. This is why ensuring that services are accessible and co‑ordinated are important elements of Manitoba’s approach to reducing poverty and promoting social inclusion. Effective services need to reach those in need, capitalize on opportunities for prevention, build on the strengths of individuals and communities, and steer those in need towards appropriate programs and benefits. This is why the Manitoba government funds Citizens’ Bridge, which helps Manitobans to obtain proper identification and financial literacy training. This work acknowledges that there are systemic barriers that work against some Manitobans. In 2013/14 the Manitoba government, in collaboration with the City of Winnipeg, Winnipeg Police Service, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg School Division, and Community
Based Organizations, launched the new Block by Block Community Safety and Well‑being Initiative. The first project of this initiative, Thunderwing, aims to improve community safety by enhancing the well‑being of families living in a 21 block area within the William Whyte and Dufferin neighbourhoods of Winnipeg. This approach has two prongs: co‑ordinating/mobilizing services and addressing institutional barriers. Thunderwing brings together service providers, both government and non‑governmental, to co‑ordinate and mobilizing existing services and resources across sectors to give families the support they need so they can prevent and permanently stabilize crisis situations. Block by Block will use feedback from Thunderwing to find long‑term sustainable solutions to systemic barriers that prevent services from connecting with families and supporting them in reaching their full capacity.
There are also measures being taken to bring services to where Manitobans live. For example, the Families First program offers supports to families with children, from pregnancy to school entry. Available province‑wide, at no cost, public health nurses visit Manitobans in their homes to discuss whether there are community resources that would benefit their family, potentially to include regular home visitation that offers family supports to build a strong relationship between child and family members, while sharing information and suggesting activities to help children grow up healthy and happy.
All Aboard: Manitoba’s Poverty Reduction and Social Inclusion Strategy 2013/14 Annual Report | Page 41
Web: www.gov.mb.ca/allaboard/ Email:
[email protected] Phone: 204‑945‑3380
Available in alternate formats upon request.
