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Magnetic Nanoparticles: Biomedical Applicability as heating mediators M. Angelakeris Associate Professor Department of Physics Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece

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Contents Introduction • Magnetic nanoparticles • Biomedical Applications • Magnetic Particle Hyperthermia

Design Rules • Material selection • Particle Properties • Interactions

Perspectives • Clinical Practice • Side-effects • Theranostic Particles

M. Angelakeris

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Magnetic Nanoparticles: Biomedical Applicability as heating mediators

Introduction

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Heat treatments 500 BC: Hippocrates: “What medicine cannot cure, iron (the knife) cures; what iron cannot cure, fire cures ; what fire does not cure, is to be considered incurable” Hyperthermia is elevated body temperature due to 1957: Gilchrist and others proposed the use of magnetic materials in failed thermoregulation that occurs when a body produces or absorbs hyperthermia in 1957. more heat than it dissipates. Today: MPH: Magnetic Particle Hyperthermia: The use of magnetic Hyperthermia differs from fever in that the body's temperature set nanoparticles improves hyperthermia cancer treatment. point remains unchanged. • Many tumors thrive in which the oxygenation of the tumor much 1891in: aAhypoxic centuryenvironment ago, Dr. William Coley an innovative New Yorkissurgeon lower than in normal tissue. inducing a fever in the body of a cancer patient to stimulate the immune • Because tumorsresponse cannot dissipate heat as quickly as healthy tissue, they can get hotter than and cause cancer remission. that tissue if enough heat is applied. Coley’s toxins: Bacteria used to treat patients with a variety of types of cancer • Hyperthermia atup relatively levels — as in the early clinical use ofover thermal medicine — ends until thelow early 1950s. More than 1,000 patients 40 years. up increasing the amount of blood flow and oxygenation of the tumor, making it more M. Angelakeris 3 sensitive to radiation and chemotherapies. Magnetic Nanoparticles: Biomedical Applicability as heating mediators

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Introduction

Magnetic Nanoparticles Spheres with diameter < 50 nm, < 100.000 atoms Reproducibility

 varying stoichiometry

Arrangement

 structure & morphology  tunable Uniformness

 nano micro macro-

Stability

scopic magnetic behavior. Co-ordination

Dipolar Interactions Morphology

Exchange Interactions

Spin configuration

Nanomagnetism

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Introduction

Magnetic Nanoparticles 1G: Physics • To design, control and measure magnetic response at the nanoparticle unity.

2G: Chemistry • To achieve and reproduce nanoscale multicomponent fabrication.

3G: Biology • To introduce multifunctionality without sparing enhanced performance.

4G: Medicine • To increase biocompatibilty and sustain enhanced mulifunctionality in-vivo.

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Introduction

Biomedical Applications

Drug Delivery

Cell Regeneration Magnetic Hyperthermia

Cellural Proteomics MRI

Cell Capture Bioseparation Cell Tracing BioSensing M. Angelakeris

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Magnetic Nanoparticles: Biomedical Applicability as heating mediators

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Introduction

Magnetic Particle Hyperthermia

(t )

f

Bt

(1 e

)

PSPM = μ0πf χ’’H2 PFM SLP or SAR

0

f HdM

W mmagn

Q t mmagn

ILP

SAR H2 f

c

mf mmagn

t

A=αμοMSHC0

Γ=KV/kBT

M. Kallumadil et al. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 321 1509 -1513 (2009). A. Chalkidou et al. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 323 775-780 (2011). K. Simeonidis et al. J. Appl. Phys. 114, 103904 (2013).

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Introduction

Magnetic Particle Hyperthermia Constant frequency: 200, 765 kHz Varying magnetic field: 8-40 kA/m Varying ferrofluid concentration: 0.1-50 mg/mL

GaAs (SCBG) technology OTG series optical sensor Temperature-dependent bandgap of GaAs crystal Dimensions: 0.170mm OD Response time