LuMen Lighting System Alarm Clock Controlled Smart Room Lighting System

ECE4007 Senior Design Project Section L02, LuMen Team Project Advisor, Dr. Milor Artem Aginskiy Grayson Carr Yinuo James Chen Andrew McDowell

Submitted

February 10th, 2010

Table of Contents Executive Summary .......................................................................................................... ii 1. Introduction.................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 1.2 1.3

Objective ............................................................................................................. 1 Motivation ........................................................................................................... 2 Background ......................................................................................................... 3

2. Project Description and Goals .................................................................................... 3 3. Technical Specification ................................................................................................ 5 4. Design Approach and Details 4.1 Design Approach .................................................................................................. 7 4.2 Codes and Standards ........................................................................................... 11 4.3 Constraints, Alternatives, and Tradeoffs ............................................................ 12 5. Schedule, Tasks, and Milestones .............................................................................. 13 6. Project Demonstration .............................................................................................. 14 7. Marketing and Cost Analysis ................................................................................... 15 7.1 Marketing Analysis ............................................................................................. 15 7.2 Cost Analysis ...................................................................................................... 16 8. Summary .................................................................................................................... 18 9. References ................................................................................................................... 19 Appendix A ....................................................................................................................... 20

Appendix B ....................................................................................................................... 22

Executive Summary The home lighting automation market is an emerging market with limited companies involved in developing in consumer ready products. Majority of the products currently on the market are intended for electrician and home builders. The LuMen lighting system attempts to fill the gap in the consumer market presence by providing an alarm based lighting control system. It aims to provide both consumer satisfactions in automating the lighting, as well as decrease the consumer’s electricity consumption by using high efficiency LED light bulbs. Furthermore, the control panel functions as an alarm for consumer convenience; providing unique feature to turn lights on when the alarm turns on. The lighting system is designed to be implemented inside a single room of a personal home, but can be expanded to cover the whole house by adding extra control panels. The implementation of this system uses a control panel and independent LED light bulbs, all connected by low power wireless connections. The product is expected to take around three month to research, develop, and prototype an initial product. The development will have three primary milestones, wireless connectivity, LED light bulbs, and interaction between LED light bulb and control panel, spread out between February and March, with final development in April. Not including capital equipment and salary costs, the product will cost $301.17 for parts and $67.75 for prototyping equipment. The lifetime of the product is expected to last around four years, during which overall profit can be gained, first by accepting a loss in the first two years to develop the market and waiting for improvement in LED mass production to reduce the costs significantly. Years three and four are expected to provide high profit, allowing to recuperate all of the losses and come out ahead of the market.

ii

Alarm Clock Controlled Smart Room Lighting System

1.

Introduction Lighting control systems consist of a device that controls electric lights and provides essential

integration features, and often provides automation. These systems typically include an interface that allows users to adjust and program lighting levels. Most residential applications use a remote or wallmounted control panel with a keypad or touch panel interface. The proposed “LuMen Lighting System” uses a control panel that plugs into a standard electrical outlet and functions as an alarm clock. The control panel has a backlit LCD and pushbuttons. Lighting control systems may also provide the ability to automatically adjust lighting levels based on the time of day, room occupancy, presence of daylight, alarm conditions, or other events. The LuMen Lighting System can control lights according to the room occupancy and programmed alarms. Residential lighting control systems on the market that control in-ceiling lighting require at least one part of the system to be directly wired to the lights being controlled. In contrast, the LuMen Lighting System includes LED light modules that plug into any standard light socket and communicate wirelessly with the control panel. Thus the LuMen Lighting System can be used to control both lamps and in-ceiling lights, as long as they have a standard light socket, without the need to modify any existing in-wall wiring.

1.1

Objective The LuMen Lighting System is primarily designed to provide consumer convenience and

energy efficient savings. The light modules use LEDs instead of incandescent bulbs to save power while providing pleasant lighting. The wireless chips used in the control panel and light modules are based on the low-power Zigbee protocol further reducing the use of energy to communicate over resistive wiring. The control panel detects when the room is empty using a passive infrared (PIR) LuMen (ECE4007L02)

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occupancy sensor and turns the lights off automatically. Moreover, the control panel also provides the option to dim lights manually for further power savings. The LuMen Lighting System provides customizable lighting for consumer convenience; users can choose when lights turn on and off and how bright they are based on the room occupancy and programmed alarms. The LuMen Lighting System is easy to install; no in-wall wiring is necessary. The control panel plugs into a standard electrical outlet and the light modules plug into standard light sockets further reducing for any specialized equipment or technical knowledge as required by similar products on the market.

1.2

Motivation The LuMen Lighting System’s main selling points are its ease of installation, wireless

communication, flexibility, and built in alarm clock functionality. Additionally, due to ongoing energy crisis, this system also attempts to compensate by conserving the energy used. The system is targeted towards customers who are interested in lighting control systems that provide customizable lighting and power savings, but who don’t want to deal with a complicated installation and in-wall wiring. Other systems on the market require a minimum of replacing and rewiring wall mounted switches. The LuMen Lighting System’s control panel plugs into a standard electrical outlet and the light modules plug into standard light sockets, meaning no rewiring is necessary. The Lumen Lighting System is also flexible. The system can be uninstalled and moved simply by unplugging the control panel and unscrewing the light modules. The system can also be expanded to include new lamps or ceiling lights simply by purchasing additional light modules. The Lumen Lighting System’s alarm functionality is not unique, but the fact that its control panel plugs into a standard electrical outlet and can sit on a bedside table as a normal alarm clock would is unique. Some products on the market, like the Soleil Sun Alarm, feature a bedside alarm clock that can control lamps plugged into it, but none of these solutions offer the ability to control ceiling lighting as well [1].

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1.3

Background Automated lighting control is an emerging market with several key companies manufacturing

controllers with various numbers of features. Fully featured lighting controllers, such as Leviton’s Deluxe Wall Controller, can be bought to be installed during remodeling but require at least partial rewiring of the home [2]. This controller provides modular wireless control of many lighting modules that must be bought separately. The installation of this system is very complicated and usually requires an electrician. Leviton’s system is able to control appliances as well as lighting in addition to including several methods of communication (infrared, power source modulation, etc). However, to add additional appliances or lights to the network requires considerable technical knowledge, thus preventing from the common consumer base to enjoy the product. Generally automated lighting systems currently on the market do not provide energy savings. The LuMen Lighting System does not include as many features as some other systems on the market, such as controlling appliances, but it does provide a much more consumer friendly set up and maintenance procedure by allowing a direct plug-in-the-wall approach. Furthermore, this system provides energy saving features that are not commonly found in home automation systems, considerably increasing the market to people who want to conserve energy while having a modern lighting system. Because of the simplifications in this system, it can be produced at or below the cost of comparable products on the market, such as the Leviton Deluxe Wall Controller.

2.

Project Description and Goals The LuMen lighting system is a wireless lighting system that allows the user to customize their

home lighting and save power. It contains a control panel that plugs into a standard electrical outlet and at least one slave light bulb that plugs directly into a light bulb socket.

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2.1

Customization The control panel includes pushbuttons, LCD panel, PIR sensor, speaker, and a built-in alarm clock

with an internal coin-celled battery for the real time clock. The pushbuttons and the LCD panel will be used to select any settings available in the LuMen lighting system. The alarm clock can be set via the central control panel. When the alarm rings the backlight of the LCD and the LED light bulbs will turn on. The brightness of the LED light bulbs can be adjusted to the user’s preference by using the control panel. The LED bulbs will be connected wirelessly with the control panel. No extra wires means the LuMen lighting system will be easy to implement and use. The control panel will meet the following goals: 

Alarm



Adjustable brightness



Wireless



Easy to install



Easy to use

2.2

Low Power By using a LED lights and an infrared sensor (PIR sensor), power can be saved, but light emittance

can be maximized. LED light bulbs do not require as much power as other light bulbs in the market. LEDs only require around 6 watts per LED bulb versus the 60 watts in an incandescent light bulb [3]. The infrared sensor will detect if there any motion in its range. If the infrared sensor detects motion, the LED lights will turn on. If no motion is detected within a certain time period, the LED lights will dim or turn off. This saves energy by automatically turning the lights off if it is not being used. The LED light bulbs can also be manually dimmed with the central control panel. Since the brightness of the LED bulb will be a fraction of its maximum output, the power used will be less. The goals of being low power are 

Saves power



Uses LED lights

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3.



Lowers energy bills



Turns on/off the LED light bulbs automatically

Technical Specifications The LuMen lighting system consists of one or more light bulb units controlled through a

wireless Zigbee interface by a control panel unit with built-in alarm clock functionality. The overall system will allow for manually adjustable brightness, brightness variation based on motion detection, and flashing of lights in the room coinciding with an alarm clock time.

3.1

Control Panel Unit The control panel unit is a compact desk-mounted device with specifications listed in Table 3.1

that features an intuitive menu-based LCD interface. The control panel unit allows the user to adjust the settings for lighting in the room. Such settings include response of the system to the PIR motion detector module on the control panel and the brightness of the lights in the room. Additionally, the control panel unit provides alarm clock functionality by causing the light bulb units in the room to flash when the alarm is sounded. The control panel unit communicates with one or more LuMen lightbulb units by Zigbee when the light settings in the room are changed.

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Table 3.1. Specifications of Control Panel Unit

3.2

Operation Simple installation requiring no wiring Time maintained by lithium coin cell backup even when the unit is unplugged PIR sensor motion detection with timeout adjustable to up to 2 hours

Interface Intuitive menu-driven LCD interface

Performance < 5W power consumption

Physical < 25cm * 20cm * 15cm size

Power, Up, Down, Mode, and Select Pushbuttons to change device settings Backlit LCD for readability at night

PIR sensor range of at least 3m

Plugs into standard U.S. wall outlet

Zigbee Wireless communication to light bulb units with line-of-sight distances over five meters.

Designed to operate on a desk or flat surface

Alarm clock snooze period adjustable up to 20 minutes

User settings are stored in nonvolatile memory

Light Bulb Unit The light bulb unit is a LED based replacement for incandescent light bulbs with specifications

listed in Table 3.2. The light bulb unit is designed to be energy efficient through the use of switching power supplies and high power LEDs. Furthermore, the light bulb units are wirelessly controlled by a control panel unit for the dimming and alarm clock features of the LuMen lighting system.

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Table 3.2. Specifications of Light Bulb Unit Operation Simple installation requiring no wiring

Interface Dimming controlled wirelessly by Zigbee

Functions as a normal light bulb if control panel is off during installation

Can be made to Responds to flash wirelessly by changes in control Zigbee for alarm panel settings within 5 seconds

Constant 500mA current per LED at 100% brightness

4.

Design Approach and Details

4.1

Design Approach

Performance < 15W power consumption

Physical Able to plug into light bulb sockets as a direct replacement for incandescent bulbs Includes at least four high power LEDs

Efficient PWMbased dimming

The control panel unit consists of a PIC18LF4321 microcontroller interfacing to a speaker, a Digi XBee module, a backlit 16 x 2 character LCD display, a real time clock module, a PIR motion detection module, and at least five pushbutton switches as shown in figure 4.1. A program written with C for the microcontroller controls the unit in the manner described below.

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Figure 4.1. Block diagram of control panel unit.

Upon power up, the control panel attempts to connect to the light bulbs in range and transmit data stored in nonvolatile EEPROM which represents the current desired state of the lights. After power up, the user can select a variety of settings through a menu-driven interface which affect the intensity of the lights. In order to change the settings of the control panel, a proposed user interface is described below: 

When the Power switch is pressed, the on / off setting of the lights in the room is toggled regardless of the current menu screen.



When the Mode button is pressed, the various menu screens are toggled through.

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

When the Select button is pressed, different settings on a particular menu screen are selected to be changed.



When an Up / Down button is pressed, the setting selected on the current menu screen is increased / decreased or turned on / off. There are at least four different menus in the proposed user interface as shown in figures 4.2 –

4.5. A default menu displays the time and whether the alarm clock is on or off while allowing no settings except for power to be changed. A brightness menu has settings for on brightness, PIR mode dim brightness, PIR timeout period, and whether PIR motion detection mode is enabled or disabled. A set time mode allows for changing the clock time. Finally, a set alarm menu has settings to change the alarm time, the snooze period, and whether the alarm is enabled or disabled.

HH:MM AM ALARM OFF Figure 4.2. Proposed default menu display.

BRIGHTNESS: 100% PIR: 90%, 10MIN Figure 4.3. Proposed set brightness menu display.

SET TIME: HH:MM AM Figure 4.4. Proposed set time menu display.

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SET ALARM: OFF HH:MM AM SNZ 00 Figure 4.5. Proposed set alarm menu display. After any of the settings described above are changed, the new settings are transmitted to the light bulb units and stored in nonvolatile EEPROM in the control panel’s microcontroller. If during the control panel unit’s operation the clock time matches the alarm time and the alarm is enabled, the PWM module of the microcontroller is used to produce an alarm tone on the speaker and the light bulb units flash for about 60 seconds. If the snooze button is pressed while the alarm is sounding, the flashing of lights and the sounding of the alarm stops, and the alarm will sound again after the user set snooze period. The light bulb units are designed for low power operation using switch mode power supplies and high power LEDs as shown in figure 4.6. Like the control panel unit, a light bulb unit will also have a Zigbee module for communication with the control panel. The primary difference in the design, however, is that while the control panel unit is designed to let a user adjust settings easily, the light bulb units are designed to only be adjustable wirelessly, so that the user does not have to do anything with them after their simple installation in light bulb sockets.

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Figure 4.6. Block diagram of a light bulb unit.

4.2

Codes and Standards The connection between different Zigbee modules utilizes the IEEE 802.15.4 wireless protocol.

The protocol provides guaranteed low power consumption and full handshake connections to guarantee the transmissions [4]. This particular IEEE wireless standard is designed and optimized for wireless sensor networks that detect information and transmit to the central control, eliminating many issues present in other protocols in this application [5]. The protocol also leads itself into providing small indoor antennas that can be implemented on embedded devices. Following the protocol, the alarm central unit will function as the central control, communicating with the end device module LEDs. The protocol allows antennas to communicate on different channels (frequencies), so it guarantees that the connection network will not interfere with any other wireless devices the consumer may have. After proper channel is selected

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by finding a channel with the least energy, the central control antenna will communicate with every end device module to establish connections through a handshake [6]. Following the establishment of the connection, the protocol will make sure that packets are delivered through acknowledgements and resending procedure. The antennas are driven by 3.3V instead of the industry standard 5V to guarantee the low power consumption during wait periods.

4.3

Constraints, Alternatives, and Tradeoffs One of the main constraints that affected the design of the LuMen lighting system is energy

efficiency. This constraint played a role in the decisions to use high power LEDs instead of incandescent light bulbs and switching regulators in the light bulb units. Additionally, the LuMen lighting system’s ability to automatically or manually dim lights further enables efficient use of electricity since the LEDs will draw less current when they are dimmed using pulse width modulation. Another constraint that affected the design of the LuMen lighting system is cost. Since one of the main motives of the design is to save money by saving electrical energy, low cost components had to be selected in order to also save money. Unfortunately, the decision to use a switching regulator to drive the high power LEDs resulted in a significant tradeoff of low cost for an energy efficiency of 95% [7]. For example, the switching LED driver module we used costs almost 20$, while linear current regulator ICs are available for under 1$. There are a number of other alternative components and methods that could be used in our design. Power line communications could be used in place of the Zigbee wireless communications modules, but this would result in a more expensive product since Zigbee modules are cheap and readily available. The LED driver module could be replaced with a simple and cheap linear regulator chip like the LM317, but this would result in lower efficiency of the design. Similarly the linear 3.3v regulator for the light bulb wastes considerable energy stepping down 12v to run the microcontroller

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and the Zigbee module. Using a 3.3v switching power supply instead, however, could save close to 0.4 watts with the drawbacks of larger size and greater cost.

5.

Schedule, Tasks, and Milestones The LuMen lighting system will be completed over the next three months. Table 5.1 shows the

scheduled tasks with the duration, start date, end date, difficulty, and the person or people responsible for the task. Table 5.1. Project Schedule, Tasks, and Milestones

Major tasks are in bold, and milestones are in italics. The LuMen lighting system will begin immediately once the proposal is completed. There are three major sections to implement. The sections are control panel, LED lighting, and wireless implementation. Their respective milestones are on March LuMen (ECE4007L02)

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17th, March 25th, and March 22nd. If there is still time, a PCB board will be ordered, and the demonstration will be pushed back. Every group member will participate, but they will be responsible for different sections. The sections will all be conducted in parallel; however, there are parts of each section dependent on others. For instance, wireless integration of each component will go after each component is integrated into the control panel. A Gantt chart of the scheduled tasks is available in Appendix A.

6.

Project Demonstration The system will be considered complete when the function prototype of the control panel and the

functional prototype of the LED light bulbs are able to communicate with each other using wireless connection and all of the specifications are met. To demonstrate that the specification have been met, the LuMen lighting system will be tested in three phases: 1. Wireless syncing 

Demonstrate automatic syncing of the control panel and the LED light bulbs when the control panel boots up



Demonstrate automatic syncing of the control panel and the LED light bulbs when the LED light bulbs up

2. LED Light Bulbs 

Light bulbs will be demonstrated using a preprogrammed dimming procedure



Proper wiring and voltage/current regulation will be demonstrated using a digital multimeter

3. Complete LuMen Lighting System 

Remote dimming control will be demonstrated through menu navigation



Alarm set up and snoozing will be demonstrated by setting the alarm to ring one minute later

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

PIR module turn on procedure will be demonstrated by approaching the system



PIR module turn off procedure will be demonstrated by exiting the room and reentering after wait time has expired

7.

Marketing and Cost Analysis

7.1

Marketing Analysis Wireless light control and automation is an emerging market with several key companies

manufacturing controllers with various numbers of features. A very popular simple light controller is Insteon’s SwitchLinc Dimmer available for $45.99, which is able to dim the lights in the house remotely from any location in the house through the use of a wireless connection [8]. More advance options are available in the Insteon’s SwitchLinc Dimmer series, such as the 6 button version of the original dimmer, allowing preset brightness levels. Fully featured lighting controller, such as Leviton Deluxe Wall Controller, can be bought for $445.99 - $499.99 [2]. This advance controller provides modular wireless control of many lighting modules that must be bought separately. This system is requires an electrician to install, as well as proper regular maintenance provided by an electrician. Leviton Controller is able to control appliances as well as lighting in addition to including several method of communication (infrared, power source modulation, etc). The LuMen’s Lighting and Alarm System will not cover such a broad spectrum of features as the Leviton Controller; however, the LuMen’s system will provide a much more consumer friendly set up and maintenance procedure by allowing a direct plug-in-the-wall approach, thus eliminating the need for wall installation and rewiring. Furthermore, this system will concentrate primarily on controlling the lighting through both user preset alarm and automated passive infrared detection. Because of the simplifications in this system, it can be produced for the same or lower cost than the comparable products on the market, such as the Leviton Delux Wall Controller.

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7.2

Cost Analysis The total non reoccurring cost of the LuMen Lighting System is $102,535.59, estimated to cost

$4.66 per unit over 4 year production cycle. The parts for development total $301, and the prototyping equipment totals $67.7, as itemized in table 7.1. Table 7.1. Itemized Parts and Prototyping Equipment Cost Parts Xbee 1mW Chip Antena PIC18F4321 FE201 8Ohms Speaker Coin Battery Coin Battery Holder LCD 32.768kHz Crystal Tri-Star LED Star LED 1000 mA LED Driver 5V Power Supply 12V/15W Power Supply PIR Module Realtime Clock Low Drop Out 3.3V Regulator Total Prototyping Equipment Xbee Explorer USB Jameco Protoboard Total

Number

Price

Cost

3 6 1 1 1 1 3 2 8 2 1 1 1 1 1

$22.45 $4.32 $1.95 $1.25 $0.79 $12.95 $0.35 $22.36 $8.69 $17.77 $12.95 $10.95 $12.95 $2.59 $0.69

$67.35 $25.92 $1.95 $1.25 $0.79 $12.95 $1.05 $44.72 $69.52 $35.54 $12.95 $10.95 $12.95 $2.59 $0.69 $301.17

2 3

$24.95 $5.95

$49.90 $17.85 $67.75

The majority of non reoccurring cost of the LuMen Lighting System is spent on salary and development equipment. The salary of the required engineers is estimated at $50,000 per year, while the salary of the required non engineer workers is estimated at $30,000 per year as outlined in table 7.2. Furthermore, a 200% overhead is included to cover the cost of development location and other expenses.

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Table 7.2. Non-Reoccurring Cost of Equipment and Salaries Research and Number Development Employees 4 Engineers 1 Non-Engineers Materials and Supplies Parts Prototyping Equipment Computer Systems Other Capital Equipment Documentation 1 Engineers Design for Testability 1 Engineers Production Setup Charges 1 Engineers 1 Non-Engineers Testing Design 1 Engineers 1 Non-Engineers Packaging Package Design 1 Non-Engineers Marketing 1 Non-Engineers Sales 1 Non-Engineers Distribution 1 Non-Engineers Support 1 Engineers Total Non-Reoccuring Total Overhead

Salary/Yr.

$50,000 $30,000

Month

3 2

Cost

$50,000.00 $5,000.00 $301.17 $67.75 $3,000.00 $0.00

$50,000

1

$4,166.67

$50,000

1

$4,166.67

$50,000.00 $30,000.00

0.5 1

$2,083.33 $2,500.00

$50,000.00 $30,000.00

1 1

$4,166.67 $2,500.00

$30,000.00

0.5

$1,250.00

$30,000.00

3

$7,500.00

$30,000.00

2

$5,000.00

$30,000.00

1

$2,500.00

$50,000.00

2

$8,333.33 $102,535.59 $205,071.17

Reoccurring costs are estimated over the duration of 5 years, during which 16,500 LuMen Lighting System control panels and 49,500 LED light bulbs are estimated to be sold over 4 years. The cost of the light bulbs is projected to decrease significantly from year 2 through year 4 due to development in high power LED and projected outsourcing of LED development to specialized factories. At the same time, the

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redesign of the control panel will increase the number of features while allowing the increase in the cost of the unit and maintaining the growth in the market. The first two years are projected to be a loss of $982,865.64 while the market is being built; however, majority of the losses will be recovered in year 3 with revenue of $704,257.49, followed by a profit in year 4 with revenue of $519,628.75 as detailed in Appendix B.

8.

Summary The proposed LuMen Lighting System is a design to control lighting of a room through a remote

control panel using wireless protocol. The control panel functions as an alarm clock that can be set tabletop integrating well into the consumer’s already set up system. The light bulb modules are designed to be a simple plug-and-screw method as common with incandescence light bulbs, eliminating the need for any technical knowledge. This is in direct contrast with similar currently available on the market products because they require considerable technical knowledge, and in some cases proper electrician training is required. The implementation includes wireless protocol across Zigbee modules connecting to PIC18 microprocessors that will do all of the data analyzing and respond based on it. The whole system will allow for the following key features: wireless integration, low power LED light, manual and preset dimming, and an alarm clock for the user’s convenience. The cost of prototyping parts and equipment is approximately $370, while the actual parts used in the final product total approximately $70 for the control panel and $100 for the LED light bulb. The LED light bulb is projected to decrease in cost significantly due to expected improvements in the LED mass production. The price of the final product will be significantly lower than the comparable products on the market, while still providing improve user experience and consumer satisfaction.

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9.

References

[1]

Soleil Sun Alarm Co., [Online]. Available: http://www.soleilsunalarm.com/. [Accessed February 5, 2010]

[2]

SmartHome. “Leviton Deluxe Wall Controller,” SmartHome, 2010. [Online]. Avialable: http://www.smarthome.com/4209/Deluxe-Programmable-Wall-Controller-HCCPG-1TW/p.aspx. [Accessed Feb. 6, 2010]

[3]

Eartheasy. “LED Light Bulbs: Comparison Charts,” Eartheasy, 2010. [Online]. Available: http://www.eartheasy.com/live_led_bulbs_comparison.html#d. [Accessed Feb. 9, 2010]

[4]

IEEE Computer Society, " Part 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)," IEEE Std 802.15.4-2006, 8 Sept., 2006.

[5]

M. Petrova, J. Riihijarvi, P. Mahonen, and S. Labella, “Performance study of IEEE 802.15.4 using measurements and simulations,” In Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2006. WCNC 2006. IEEE Volume 1, 3-6 Apr., 2006, pp. 487–492.

[6]

I. W. Tseng, A. C. Pang, J. Chen, and C. F. Kuo, “An Adaptive Contention Control Strategy for IEEE 802.15.4-Based Wireless Sensor Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 58, no 9, Nov., pp. 5164–5173, 2009.

[7]

LuxDrive. (2005). “3021/3023 BuckPuck wide range LED power module,” LuxDrive, Randolph, Vermont. Tech. Report. [Online]. Available: http://www.leddynamics.com/LuxDrive/datasheets/3021-BuckPuck.pdf [Accessed Feb. 8, 2010]

[8]

SmartHome. “SwitchLinc Dimmer – INSTEON Remote Control Dimmer,” SmartHome, 2010. [Online]. Avialable: http://www.smarthome.com/2476D/SwitchLinc-Dimmer-INSTEON-RemoteControl-Dimmer-White/p.aspx. [Accessed Feb. 6, 2010]

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Appendix A Gantt Chart

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Appendix B Projected Revenue

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1. Research and Development Redesign Engr Change Order 2. Production $73.24 Parts - Controller $99.59 Parts - Light Bulb $2.00 PC Board $5.00 Assembly $0.50 Packaging $2.00 Testing $0.50 3. Package Non 4. Engr Marketing Non 5. Sales Engr Shipping $3.00 6. Distribution Non 7. Support Engr

$25,000.00 $10,000.00 $183,100.00 $746,925.00 $20,000.00 $50,000.00 $5,000.00 $20,000.00 $5,000.00 $30,000.00

$25,000.00 $10,000.00 $68.24 $59.24 $2.00 $5.00 $0.50 $2.00 $0.50

$30,000.00 $30,000.00

$341,200.00 $888,600.00 $40,000.00 $100,000.00 $10,000.00 $40,000.00 $2,500.00 $30,000.00

$25,000.00 $10,000.00 $68.24 $45.50 $2.00 $5.00 $0.50 $2.00 $0.50

$30,000.00 $3.00

$60,000.00

$409,440.00 $819,000.00 $48,000.00 $120,000.00 $12,000.00 $48,000.00 $3,000.00 $30,000.00

$0.00 $0.00 $68.24 $40.00 $2.00 $5.00 $0.50 $2.00 $0.50

$30,000.00 $3.00

$72,000.00

$204,720.00 $360,000.00 $24,000.00 $60,000.00 $6,000.00 $24,000.00 $1,500.00 $0.00 $20,000.00

$3.00

$36,000.00

$30,000.00

$30,000.00

$20,000.00

$20,000.00

Total Cost/Year 150% Overhead Adjusted Cost Cost/Unit

$1,231,632.08 $1,847,448.13 $3,079,080.21 $307.91

$1,700,514.17 $2,550,771.25 $4,251,285.42 $396.10

$1,758,297.00 $2,637,445.51 $4,395,742.51 $364.02

$812,148.50 $1,218,222.75 $2,030,371.25 $341.93

Total Profit/Year

($731,580.21)

($251,285.42)

$704,257.49

$519,628.75

$241,020.60 ($73.16)

($12.56)

$29.34

$43.30

Total Profit Profit/Unit

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