International Journal of Emerging Technology in Computer Science & Electronics (IJETCSE) ISSN: 0976-1353 Volume 13 Issue 1 –MARCH 2015.

Multiresonating antenna for GSM/UMTS/LTE Operations A.Sheeba, Mrs.C.T kalaivani

Abstract— A multi resonating antenna is designed for a mobile phone application to work on with both lower and upper band of GSM/UMTS/LTE/WWAN operations. The design begins with constructing a meandered monopole. With a parasitic and an impedance-adjustment structure subsequently added, the resulting antenna can be viewed as a printed planar inverted-F antenna with a parasitic resonant element. Two wide impedance bands can be generated by the designed antenna to support GSM, UMTS, LTE and WLAN operations. The measurement was found to agree reasonably well with the simulation with the help of Advance Design System software. Design procedures and rules along with the design concepts behind are all presented in detail to improve the gain of the antenna above 70%

started in1991.The first commercial launch of 3G was in 2001.Then came 4 G in 2004. In recent years, handheld mobile wireless communication devices (especially mobile phones) have been widely and rapidly developed. Besides keeping the appearances attractive, antenna must be such a way that they must be concealed in case of mobile phone. Upcoming mobile phone is that more components present, so the space in mobile phone allocated for antennas becomes more limited.

Index Terms— Global System for Mobile Communications, Long Term Evolution, and Planar inverted F antenna.

I. INTRODUCTION Human beings first started communicating by some hand signals and then by sound. Then slightly to more distance they made use of drums, smoke as signals nowadays we make use of mobile phones. FIGURE 2: Components present in a mobile phone.

Antenna designers are always looking for creative ways to improve performance. One method used in patch antenna design is to introduce shorting pins from the patch to the ground plane .Our application is also towards mobile phone so if we take parabolic, horn antenna they cannot be fitting with mobile phone so we go for planar inverted F antenna. This paper aims to design a multi resonating antenna to work on with GSM/UMTS/LTE. PROPERTIES OF BASIC ANTENNA

FIGURE 1: Different generations of mobile phone

The first cell phone was discovered by Martin cooper in 1973.The first commercial cellular network was started in 1981.The first network on digital 2G cellular network was

Planar inverted F antenna is used in majority of mobile phones .As they are of quarter wavelength the size of the antennas are reduced. The main concept of these antennas is adding shorting pin to ground. Hence it makes the antenna to work on with higher frequencies. This antenna efficiently converts the input power to radio waves and radio wave to electrical power .It’s simple and easy to modify these kinds of antennas.

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International Journal of Emerging Technology in Computer Science & Electronics (IJETCSE) ISSN: 0976-1353 Volume 13 Issue 1 –MARCH 2015. The electric field is zero at the center of the patch, maximum (positive) at one side, and minimum (negative) on the opposite side. It should be mentioned that the minimum and maximum continuously change side according to the instantaneous phase of the applied signal. The electric field does not stop abruptly at the patch's periphery as in a cavity rather; the fields extend the outer periphery to some degree.

DESIGN SPECIFICATION In its most basic form , antenna consists of a radiating patch on one side of a dielectric substrate which has a ground plane on the other side. The three essential parameters to design antenna are: Frequency of Operation: The resonant frequency of the antenna must be selected appropriately. The resonant frequency selected for my design is LTE 700/GSM850 and GSM1800/UMTS2100/LTE2400. Height of dielectric substrate (h): The height of dielectric substrate is 12 mm. Dielectric constant of the substrate: The dielectric material selected for my design is FR-4 which has a dielectric constant of 4.4. DESIGN PROCEDURE

FIGURE 3: Basic structure of Planar inverted F antenna.

Planar inverted F antenna can be fed by a variety of methods. These methods can be classified into two categoriescontacting and non-contacting. In the contacting method, the RF power is fed directly to the radiating patch using a connecting element such as a coaxial feed line. In the noncontacting scheme, electromagnetic field coupling is done to transfer power between the coaxial feed line and the radiating patch.

Characteristics

Coaxial feed

Aperture Coupled

Proximity coupled feed

feed Spurious radiation

feed More

Less

Minimum

Reliability Poor

Good

Good

Soldering

Alignment

Alignment

and

required

required

Easeof fabrication

drilling

Calculation of the wavelength (λ): Because c = 3x108 and f0 = 2.4 GHz, So λ = c/f0 , By substituting c = 3x10 8and f0 = 2.4 GHz, we get λ =0.125m=125mm. Calculation of Width of antenna (W): W = Leff - ( 2 L),Which gives the actual width of patch , were Leff= 61, L= 7.78, By substituting we get W=45mm,h=12mm.. Calculation of the Height of the ground (H) : H(g) =2W+h were h=12mm ,W=45mm;by substituting we get H(g) =100;

In particular the width, height of antenna is 45mm, 12mm is smaller. The designed antenna is expected to provide two impedance bands the lower and upper of which should cover the desired bandwidth the excitation mechanism and impedance matching of various resonant modes of the printed monopole presented step by step, systematic design procedures and rules are developed to achieve the goal. Fabricating mobile handset has become easy by printed internal antenna has been designed to be integrated with ground plane and system circuits on same substrate. Substrates employed are usually thinner the conductors printed on them much thinner, to describe antennas of these type only by their height and thickness. Antenna is occupying small area of width and height of 45x12mm.The ground plane size of 45x100 .The two wide impedance bands can be generated by designed antenna. Measurements were found to agree reasonably well with stimulation.

required

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International Journal of Emerging Technology in Computer Science & Electronics (IJETCSE) ISSN: 0976-1353 Volume 13 Issue 1 –MARCH 2015. roughly the total length of the meandered strip or the lengths of some particular sections bent in the meandered strip. In this study, the main strip, whose route is E-D-C-B-A from below figure with a total length of 80 mm, is also of meandered type.

FIGURE 4: Compact Multiresonating Antenna Top vie

ANTENNA CONFRIGATION

FIGURE 6: Metal Pattern of Antenna Structure

Geometry of the proposed antenna, which is fabricated using a 0.8-mm-thick, 45-mm-wide, and 112-mm-high, FR4 substrate with dielectric constant 4.4.In most mobile-phone antennas are making use of printed internal antennas which are used to support the following operations . The main radiator starts from the upper-right corner and is printed along the E-D-C-BA meandered path. This strip, which is to be excited at point A and whose bottom edge is 1-mm away from the ground plane, can be designed to resonate at about 960 and 2100 MHz .Point B of the main radiator and whose 6-mm-long vertical section connects to point H of the ground plane. This structure used to work on with lower band. Point F of the ground plane, extends upward along the right edge of the substrate by a length of 9 mm, and then extends leftward by a length of 12 mm.The parasitic structure is implemented to excite one additional resonant mode to widen the upper band.

FIGURE 5: Designed Antenna Top View

For convenience, the antenna so constructed is a folded monopole antenna referred to as the antenna resonant modes of the folded monopole antenna are excited at around 960, 2100, and 3500 MHz Simulated using ADS, the electric current distributions of the resonant modes on the meandered strip is the quarter-wavelength route of the electric current distribution at 960MHz roughly has the same length of the entire main radiator, whereas the A-B-C quarter-wavelength route at 2100MHz has a much shorter length of about 35.7 mm. For the third resonant mode at 3500 MHz, the halfwavelength route of the main electric current distributed between two current nulls has a length of about 33 mm. IMPEDANCE MATCHING Impedance for RF and Microwave sources are 50Ω.According to feed point chosen there will be efficient transfer of power from source to the receiver. Antenna input impedance must match with the source impedance. So that there will be an efficient transfer of power. If the transmission line impedance is 50Ω it should be able to match with impedance of the substrate called feed point. The feed type used should be suitable to be array feed structure .Different fashion used should not affect antenna characteristics ,so select carefully otherwise leads to cross polarization and affect the antenna working. So for efficient power flow from the Transmission line to antenna feed point is chosen in such away it radiate properly.

CONCEPTS AND PROCEDURES OF ANTENNA DESIGN For size reduction, many existing multi-band monopole antennas have been constructed by bending a metal strip into meandered shape. The meandered strip can be designed to resonate around multiple pre-selected frequencies. The quarter-wavelengths of the first few resonant modes are 118

International Journal of Emerging Technology in Computer Science & Electronics (IJETCSE) ISSN: 0976-1353 Volume 13 Issue 1 –MARCH 2015.

FIGURE 9: Reflection Coefficient of Antenna

RADIATION PATTERN

FIGURE 7: S – Parameter Graph

Radiation with respective to the given frequency is given by impedance locus (Schmitt chart).

FIGURE 10: Radiation Pattern of Antenna FIGURE 8: Stimulated output Graph

BANDWIDTH Another important parameter of any antenna is the bandwidth. There are several definitions of bandwidth exist impedance bandwidth, directivity bandwidth, polarization bandwidth, and efficiency bandwidth. The bandwidth is the ratio of the upper and lower frequencies of an operation. When ratio is of fL/fH= 2 the antenna is said to be broadband. We can judge the antenna’s performance by operating the antenna at a high frequency by observing VSWR, in our project VSWR≤3 the antenna is said to have performed well.

System with source of energy which turns into beams through transmission line it’s going to be radiated out. Now in terms of power to desired radiation pattern the Orientation of electric field with respect to time gives way to circular polarization.

Antennas are devices that are used to control the emitted radiation to free space and we can get back. In some point far away we look at the total emitted radiation is being captured. So by putting in a sphere the designed antenna can radiate efficiently. ADS SOFTWARE DESCRIPTIONADS SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION Advanced Design System is the world’s leading electronic design automation software. Advanced Design System uses designs to store the schematic and layout information you generate to accomplish your design goals. A design can consist of a single schematic or layout, or it can be made up of a number of schematics and layouts embedded as sub networks within a single design. All designs in a project can be displayed and opened directly from the Main window or from within a Design window. Place components

Rotate

Connect

Stimulate

Schematics

Configure

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International Journal of Emerging Technology in Computer Science & Electronics (IJETCSE) ISSN: 0976-1353 Volume 13 Issue 1 –MARCH 2015.

BLOCK DIAGRAM 1:ADS Software Description.

In a Design window you can... Create and modify circuits and layouts Place and configure components, shapes, and simulation controllers Specify layer and display preferences Generate layouts from schematics

FIGURE 12: 3D View of Antenna

Complete schematic capture and layout environment. Innovative and industry leading circuit and system simulator. Direct, native access to 3D planar and full 3D EM field solver.

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

Figure 11: Antenna Parameters

The antenna proposed in this paper has been successfully realized and discussed. The antenna was initially designed as a meandered monopole and subsequently step-bystep developed into a direct-fed printed PIFA with a parasitic resonant unit. The structurally simple antenna not only occupies a small area of only 45 × 12mm 2 but also has two VSWR ≤ 3 impedance bands of 810, 1010MHz and 1705, 2515 MHz, which can cover the desired operating bands required for GSM 850, GSM 900,UMTS, and 2.4- GHz LTE operations. This antenna was measured to have good radiation characteristics. The peak antenna gains in the lower and upper operating bands are as high as 1.5 and 3 dBi, respectively; it makes the antenna valuable to work on practical applications. Future work of this project is to fabricate this antenna to obtain best result.

KEY BENEFITS OF ADS

REFERENCE

• Its user friendly • It can be integrated so fast. • It has EM stimulator • It’s easy to interface .

. [1] J.Y. SZE and Y-F,WU “A compact Planar Hexa-band antenna internal antenna for Mobile phone “Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chung Cheng Institute Of Technology National Defense University 190 Sanyuan 1st. St., Dasi Township Taiyuan County 33508, Taiwan, R.O.C. [2] Zaakri Safa, Zenkouar Lahbib ,stimulation of a Rectangular Patch Antenna ,IRACST - International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology & Security (IJCSITS), ISSN: 2249-9555 Vol. 2, No. 1, 2012 [3] W.S Chen and W.C.Jhan,“A planar WWAN/LTE antenna for portable devices”, IEEE Antennas Wireless propag,Lett. [4]Journal of Theoretical and applied Information Technology,” Design of Microstrip Antenna for wireless communication at 2.4 Ghz ,A.BMUTIARA,R.REFIANTI, RACHMANSYAH.

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International Journal of Emerging Technology in Computer Science & Electronics (IJETCSE) ISSN: 0976-1353 Volume 13 Issue 1 –MARCH 2015. [5] Y.Li, Z.J.Zhang, W.H.Chen, Z.H.Feng, and M.F.Iskander(2010),“A switchable matching circuit for compact wideband antenna designs”, IEEE Trans . [6] Z.Chen, Y.LBan(2012), “Bandwidth enhancement of LTE/WWAN Printed mobile phone antenna using slotted ground structure”, prog.Electromagn.Res.Lett., vol.129. [7] Y.L.Ban, C.L.Liu, L.W.Li, and Y.Hao(2013), “Internal hexa-band folded monopole with distributed inductive strip for seven-band WWAN/LTE mobile phone”, IEEE Antennas wireless propag.Lett.vol.12. [8] K.J.Kim, S.H.Lee and Y.J.Yoon(2011), “Small antenna with coupling feed and parasitic elements for multiband mobile applications”, IEEE Antennas Wireless propag.Lett.,vol.10.

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