Literacy Status in Nepal (Literacy rate by age group 5 +)
KAT/2014/PI/H/3
Submitted to: UNESCO Kathmandu
By: Literacy Mapping Study Team 2013 i
Literacy Mapping Study Team Team Members: 1. Ashim Bajracharya, GIS expert 2. Sameer Khakha, Assistant
ii
Table of contents Acknowledgement ......................................................................................................... iii List of Figures ................................................................................................................ iv List of Tables................................................................................................................... v Acronyms ....................................................................................................................... vi 1.
Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1.
2.
Literacy Status in Nepal ............................................................................................... 1
Literacy Mapping .............................................................................................. 2 2.1.
What is GIS? ................................................................................................................ 2
2.2.
Main objectives ............................................................................................................ 3
2.3.
Methodology ................................................................................................................ 3
2.3.1. 2.3.2.
Prioritize ................................................................................................................................................ 4 Target ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
2.4.
Information needed ................................................................................................... 10
2.5.
Limitation ................................................................................................................... 10
3.
GIS Map Presentation and Interpretation ..................................................... 11 3.1.
National Level ............................................................................................................ 11
3.1.1. 3.1.2. 3.1.3. 3.1.4.
Literacy map by Age group 5 + ........................................................................................................... 11 Illiterate map by age 5+ ....................................................................................................................... 13 Female Literacy Status map by Age 5 + .............................................................................................. 15 Female Illiterates Number map by Age 5 ............................................................................................ 17
3.2.
Regional Level ........................................................................................................... 19
3.2.1. 3.2.2. 3.2.3. 3.2.4.
Regional level literacy map by age 5+ ................................................................................................. 19 Regional level total illiterate map by age group 5+ ............................................................................. 21 Regional level Female literacy map by age 5+ .................................................................................... 23 Regional level Female illiterate map by age 5+ ................................................................................... 25
3.3.
District Level ............................................................................................................. 27
3.3.1.
Dolkha ................................................................................................................................................. 27 3.3.1.1.
Dolkha District literacy map by age 5+ ................................................................................................................. 27
3.3.1.2.
Dolkha District illiterate map by age 5+ ............................................................................................................... 29
3.3.1.3.
Dolkha VDC and illiterates targeting by age 5+ ................................................................................................... 31
3.3.1.4.
Dolkha District Female literacy map by age 5+ .................................................................................................... 33
i
3.3.2.
3.3.3.
4.
Dolkha District Female illiterate map by age 5+ ................................................................................................... 35
3.3.1.6.
Dolkha VDC’s and illiterates targeting by Female age 5+ .................................................................................... 37
Rasuwa ................................................................................................................................................ 40 3.3.2.1.
Rasuwa District literacy map by age 5+ ................................................................................................................ 40
3.3.2.2.
Rasuwa District illiterate map by age 5+ .............................................................................................................. 42
3.3.2.3.
VDC and total illiterates targeting by age 5+ ........................................................................................................ 44
3.3.2.4.
Rasuwa District female literacy map by age 5+ .................................................................................................... 46
3.3.2.5.
Rasuwa District female illiterate map by age 5+ ................................................................................................... 48
3.3.2.6.
VDC and female illiterates targeting by age 5+ .................................................................................................... 50
Kailali .................................................................................................................................................. 52 3.3.3.1.
Kailali District literacy map by age 5+ ................................................................................................................. 52
3.3.3.2.
Kailali District illiterate map by age 5+ ................................................................................................................ 54
3.3.3.3.
VDC and total illiterates targeting by age 5+ ........................................................................................................ 56
3.3.3.4.
Kailali District female literacy map by age 5+ ...................................................................................................... 59
3.3.3.5.
Kailali District female illiterate map by age 5+..................................................................................................... 61
3.3.3.6.
VDC and female illiterates targeting by age 5+ .................................................................................................... 63
Major Findings ................................................................................................ 66 4.1.
Total: Age group 5 + .................................................................................................. 66
4.1.1. 4.1.2. 4.1.3.
Total Literacy rate................................................................................................................................ 66 Total illiterate number ......................................................................................................................... 66 Sum up ................................................................................................................................................. 67
4.2.
Female:Age 5+ ........................................................................................................... 67
4.2.1. 4.2.2. 4.2.3.
Literacy rate ......................................................................................................................................... 67 Female illiterates number .................................................................................................................... 68 Sum up ................................................................................................................................................. 69
5.
6.
3.3.1.5.
Major Implications .......................................................................................... 70 5.1.
Total: Age group 5 + .................................................................................................. 70
5.1.1. 5.1.2.
Total Literacy rate................................................................................................................................ 70 Total illiterate number ......................................................................................................................... 70
5.2.
Female: Age 5+ .......................................................................................................... 71
5.2.1. 5.2.2.
Female literacy rate.............................................................................................................................. 71 Female illiterates number .................................................................................................................... 71
Annexes .......................................................................................................... 72 Annex 1: Literacy Rate Status by Age group 5+ .................................................................. 72
ii
Acknowledgement We would like to express our gratitude and appreciation to UNESCO Kathmandu for trusting us for such an important assignment. We would also like to express our gratitude and appreciation to NFEC officials, for their commendable input towards the preparation of the report.
I would also like to extend special thanks for CBS for providing the latest 2011 literacy data by age group and gender. A special thanks to Mr. Babu Ram Poudel, Project Director, NFEC‘s for supporting in NFEC’s issues and agenda for preparation of the report. I would also like to extend my special thanks to Mr. Tap Raj Pant, Education Section Chief, UNESCO Kathmandu and UNESCO officials for heartily supporting us during the preparation of the report.
Sugam Bajracharya Team Leader
iii
List of Figures Figure 1: Literacy mapping using GIS .....................................................................................................2 Figure 2: Steps in literacy action planning ...............................................................................................3
iv
List of Tables Table 1: Literacy Status in Nepal by age 5 + ...........................................................................................1 Table 2: Score pattern for literacy rate status ...........................................................................................5 Table 3: Score pattern for preparing illiterate map by age 5+ and age 15+ .............................................5 Table 4: score pattern for preparing illiterate map by age 5 – 14 and age 15 – 24 ..................................6 Table 5: District level Score pattern for age group 5+ and 15+ ..............................................................7 Table 6: Example for VDCs and illiterates identification by priority score .............................................8 Table 7: Example for Targeting villages and Illiterates by Priority .........................................................9 Table 8: Districts are selected for district level identifying illiterates by age group 5+ .........................10 Table 9: Villages and illiterates identification by priority score in the Dolkha District.........................31 Table 10: Targeting villages and Illiterates by Priority in Dolkha district .............................................32 Table 11: Villages and female illiterates’ identification by priority score in Dolkha District ...............37 Table 12: Targeting VDCs and female Illiterates by Priority in the Dolkha district ..............................39 Table 13: VDC’s and illiterates’ identification by priority score in the Rasuwa District .....................44 Table 14: Targeting VDCs and illiterates by Priority in the Rasuwa district .........................................45 Table 15: Villages and female illiterates’ identification by priority score in the Rasuwa District........50 Table 16: Targeting villages and female Illiterates by Priority in Rasuwa district ................................51 Table 17: villages and illiterates’ identification by priority score in the Kailali District ......................56 Table 18: Targeting villages and Illiterates by Priority in Kailali district ..............................................57 Table 19: Villages and female illiterates’ identification by priority score in the Kailali District .........63 Table 20: Targeting villages and female illiterates by Priority in the Kailali district ............................64
v
Acronyms GIS CBS CLC
Geographic Information System Central Bureau of Statistics Community Learning Center
vi
INTRODUCTION
1. Introduction 1.1.
Literacy Status in Nepal
Literacy status by age 5+ is seen boom from year 1981 and it is in increasing trend up to 2001. Table 1: Literacy Status in Nepal by age 5 + Census year
Total
Female
Male
Gender Gap
1952/54
5.3
0.7
9.5
8.8
1961
8.9
1.8
16.3
14.5
1971
13.9
3.9
23.6
19.7
1981
23.3
12.0
34.0
22.0
1991
39.6
25.0
54.5
29.5
2001
54.1
42.8
65.5
22.7
2011
65.9
57.4
75.1
17.7
The literacy rate trend by age 5+ is seen little decreasing in 2011 in compare to previous CBS population survey 2001.The annual growth rate for literacy rate age 5+ is 1.2 percent and it implies that the overall literacy rate may not be reached at 90.0 percent by 2015 as EFA target. The male literacy rate is seen consistent onwards year 1991 to 2011. Annual growth rate for male literacy age 5+ is calculated as 1.0 percent. So it is envisaged that it could be hardly settled in 90.0 percent EFA target within year 2015. NFEC need more attention for such possibilities. The reduction in Females’ illiterates’ number is seen in slow pace.
1
LITERACY MAPPING
2. Literacy Mapping Literacy mapping can help us to better: (i) identify the priority target groups; (ii) determine the kind of literacy programmes that can be most effective for each of these target groups; and (iii) plan, organize and implement appropriate literacy actions. Information about where and who are the illiterates may or may not be fully available, up-to-date and reliable at the local level unless there is a systematic tracking system. An approach that can be adopted is to use the results of the latest national population census to produce initial national, regional and district literacy maps as the starting basis for the regional and district education offices to check and update. Such updated literacy maps and data can then be utilized to plan responsive and effective literacy actions.
2.1.
What is GIS?
A Geographic Information System is a set of computerized tools used to collect, archive, manage, retrieve, analyze and output geographic and other related kinds of attribute data. Most GIS have capabilities for database management, mapping, and image processing and statistical analysis. The following diagram (see figure 1 below) shows how the essential elements of computer hardware, software, data, and people combine together to produce literacy maps using GIS. Figure 1: Literacy mapping using GIS
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be particularly useful for analyzing the key question of where and who are the illiterates, and for prioritizing, targeting and
2
LITERACY MAPPING
planning literacy actions. Nowadays, most population census data are geo-referenced for literacy mapping using GIS. The primary objective of literacy mapping is to identify the geographic locations and concentrations of illiterate persons.
2.2.
Main objectives
The main objectives of the Literacy Mapping Study are given below; x To identify the Literacy status across the country through the GIS map. x To identify the Literacy status by regional, district level and village level. x To identify the illiterates remained in the district by prioritizing the VDCs x To identify the needy area for further Literacy programme intervention. x To help the NFEC for planning purposes and establishment of village level database. x Literacy mapping study will be milestone for preparing Literacy action plan by national, Districts and even up to village level. x The literacy maps and data tables produced during the mapping phase provide the basis for evidence-based literacy action planning.
2.3.
Methodology
The methodology is basically prepared on the foundation of evidence – based literacy action planning. Literacy action planning can follow in four steps (see figure 2 below): Figure 2: Steps in literacy action planning
PRIORITIZ
TARGET
STRATEGIZE
Country Literacy Acceleration Plan
The literacy mapping study methodology is classified as per the chart description given below; 3
LITERACY MAPPING
1. Prioritize x Identification of required indicator for literacy mapping. x Planning for essential scoring pattern for literacy mapping. x Literacy priority scores by villages and Municipalities. 2. Target x Priority scores for both literate and illiterate for identifying crucial area. x Target villages, Municipalities and illiterates by priority ranking. 3. Strategize x Information flow to district level regarding the targeting villages and illiterates. x Local literacy delivery capacities in districts. x Selecting literacy programmes in various districts by defined age group. 4. Country Literacy action Plan x Preparing district literacy action framework template x Preparing regional literacy action framework template x Preparing Country Literacy Acceleration Plan(CLAP) 2.3.1.
Prioritize
First of all the Literacy mapping study is based upon the different core EFA indicators. These different EFA indicators are considered as major factor for strengthening the existing Planning strategies in NFEC. There are many EFA indicators identified for preparing the Literacy maps and that are given as below; x Literacy rate by age 5+ x Literacy rate by male age 5+ x Literacy rate by female age 5+ x Literacy rate by age 15 + x Literacy rate by male age 15+ x Literacy rate by female age 15+ x Literacy rate by age 15 – 24 x Literacy rate by male age 15 – 24 x Literacy rate by female age 15 – 24 Statistically valid Literates and illiterates score patterns are developed for preparing the map in the GIS software. The main process for preparing GIS map is followed by well structured score pattern which should be statistically valid. 4
LITERACY MAPPING
Literacy rate are focused on different score number as given in the Table3. The literacy rate data is identified in huge variation. Statistical open ended class is chosen for such huge variation. The class interval was set up in 5 scales as considering the quintile method. Only Open ended class will addressed the huge variation in below and above cases. Score 1 implies that it have low degree literate people. Score 2 implies that it have moderately low degree literate people. Score 3 implies that it have medium degree literate people. Score 4 implies that it have moderately high degree literate people and ultimately score 5 implies that it have high degree literate people in the main sample population. Table 2 has provided us the detail indication of legend direction for allotting the different colour in 5 measuring score pattern. Table 2 Score pattern is developed for literacy mapping by age group and gender. Table 2: Score pattern for literacy rate status Literacy Rate in percent (%)
Dot Colour
Score
Below 50
Red
1
Low Degree Literate People
50 – 60
Orange
2
Moderate People
61 – 70
Yellow
3
Medium degree Literate People
71 – 80
Light green
4
Moderately high Degree Literate People
Above 80
Dark green
5
High Degree Literate People
Remarks
Low
Degree
Literate
Illiterates’ score pattern cases are provided in numbers for easy identification of illiterates in the VDCs. Illiterates score patterns are seen varied by age group, national level map and district level map. Table 3 shows the score patterns which are used for preparing illiterate maps by age 5+ and age 15+ for national level and regional level map due to similar type of population parameter exists in that group. Table 3: Score pattern for preparing illiterate map by age 5+ and age 15+ Illiterates Numbers
Dot Colour
Score
Remarks
Up to 1000
Dark green
5
Low Degree illiterate number
1001 - 2000
Light green
4
Moderate Low Degree illiterate number
2001 - 3000
Yellow
3
Medium degree illiterate People
3001 - 4000
Orange
2
Moderately high Degree illiterate People
Above 4000
Red
1
High Degree illiterate People
5
LITERACY MAPPING
Illiterates’ numbers are found huge and identified in high variation in all age groups. So that open ended class is also applied in illiterates’ cases. Table 4 has presented us the specific illiterate score pattern for preparing the illiterate mapping by age 5 – 14 and 15 – 24. It was due to low ratio of population parameter exists in that age group in National level, regional, district level and even up to VDC level. But rest of the dot colour, score and remarks are considered as same.
Table 4: score pattern for preparing illiterate map by age 5 – 14 and age 15 – 24 Illiterates Numbers
Dot Colour
Score
Remarks
0 – 100
Dark green
5
Low Degree Literate People
101 – 200
Light green
4
Moderate Low Degree Literate People
201 – 300
Yellow
3
Medium degree Literate People
301 – 400
Orange
2
Moderately high Degree Literate People
Above 400
Red
1
High Degree Literate People
There are small portion of illiterates identified in illiterates by age group 5 – 14 and age group 15 – 24. It is important to recall the score pattern type that it is similar to quintile method. The scoring pattern is specifically in five scales. The process for preparing score pattern is produced by subtracting maximum and minimum illiterates’ numbers within the villages and the remained value is divided by 5 so that the class interval can be estimated for anticipated 5 scales scoring for mapping procedure.
The score pattern may be changed in districts as per population pattern exists in the districts. It was due to presence of more low units of illiterates’ population parameter in many mountain and hill regions in compare to high units of illiterate population in most of the terai and hill region in the country. It becomes very much necessary to adjust all minimum and maximum portion of illiterates’ population parameter by villages for targeting illiterates for villages’ identification steps. One should understand about the changes in score pattern for illiterates’ numbers by national level, regional level and more specifically in district level. The given Table.5 shows the different score pattern for age group 5+ and 15+ for preparing illiterate map in districts. The score pattern is based upon VDC level population parameter. It will adjust all variation within the district.
6
LITERACY MAPPING
Table 5: District level Score pattern for age group 5+ and 15+ Score S.N
Districts Selected
District Number
Darchula, Achham, Humla, Dolpa, Palpa, Gulmi, Parbat, Myagdi, Mustang, Manang, Syangja, Tanahu, Lamjung, Gorkha, Rasuwa, Lalitpur, Kavrepalanchok, Khotang, Okhaladhunga, Solukhumbu, Bhojpur, Terhathum, Dhankuta, Taplejung , Dolkha
25
Baitadi , Dadeldhura, Doti, Bajhang, Mugu, Kalikot, Jumla, Jajarkot,Dailiekha, Surkhet, Salyan, Rukum,Rolpa, Pyuthan, Arghakhachi,Banglung,Sindhupalanchok, , Ramechhap, Sankhuwasabha, Ilam, Panchthar
21
Kaski , Nuwakot, Kathmandu, Sindhuli, Udaypur,
5
Kanchanpur, Kailali, Bajura, Bardiya,Banke, Dang, , Rupandehi, Nawalparasi,Chitwan, Parsa, Bara, Rautahat,Makawanpur,Dhading, haktapur,Sarlahi,Mahottari, Dhanusa, Sirha, Saptari,Sunsari, Morang, Jhapa, Kapilvastu
24
Pattern Below 500 500 - 1000 1
1001 - 1500 1501 - 2000 Above 2000 500 - 1000 1001 - 1500
2
1501 - 2000 2001 - 2500 Above 2500 Up to 1000 1001 - 2000
3
2001 - 3000 3001 - 4000 Above 4000 1001 - 2000 2001 - 3000
4
3001 - 4000 4001 - 5000 Above 5000
75
Some sorts of examples are highlighted related to district level illiterates score patterns. It is understood that the given examples will be helpful for grabbing all small and huge portion of illiterate from all different geographical distribution of the country. Such as we can use the national level score pattern for targeting illiterates in Kathmandu district because it has similar type of population parameter exists. But the national level score pattern for targeting illiterates may not be suitable for those 7
LITERACY MAPPING
Districts for examples Manang and Rasuwa due to relatively lower population parameter exists in those districts. So the score pattern for targeting illiterates should be different for each districts depending upon their population parameter exists. It implies that the previous score pattern (Table 2 and Table 3) for national level map will give glance of the location of illiterates across the country but the district level revised score pattern will helps to focus the comprehensive picture of illiterates within the districts. That will help any planner for complete direction for targeting every component of illiterates by minimum to maximum units in each and every village.
2.3.2.
Target
Two methods of identifying villages and illiterates within the district are focused for further improvement of literacy action plan. The first method followed by the preparation of priority score matrix and targeting VDCs and illiterates is explained below; To prioritize the villages on the bases upon their low and high population variation of illiterates number, one should be focused on score pattern by their literacy rates and number of illiterates under the columns ‘Score 1’ and ‘Score 2’ in on the example Table 6. Table 6: Example for VDCs and illiterates identification by priority score S.N
VDC
Adult literacy rate (%)
Score 1
No of adult illiterates
Score 2
Priority Score
5
E
49.8
1
1027
1
2
7
G
43.1
1
368
2
3
2
B
48.9
1
262
3
4
4
D
46.9
1
196
4
5
3
C
65.2
3
249
3
6
6
F
65.8
3
273
3
6
1
A
71.9
4
279
3
7
8
H
75.0
4
109
4
8
10
J
76.9
4
62
5
9
9
I
94.8
5
27
5
10
By adding up the corresponding Score 1 and Score 2 for each district, a Priority Score can be obtained as shown in the last column of example Table 6. The value of the
8
LITERACY MAPPING
priority scores can vary from 2 to 10, with highest priority to be given to villages with any lowest scores outcomes in the priority scoring. The priority score below 7 is considered alarming and need extra effort for reduction of illiterates’ number in the respective villages. The priority score above 7 indicated that there are low illiterates numbers remained in the respective villages and they have no problems of the evolution of illiterates. Even little effort is sufficient for them to maintain the current status. It is believed that villages belonging to priority score above 7 might be achieved total reduction of their illiterates’ number of people in the coming days.. The second method followed by the preparation of priority score matrix and targeting villages and illiterates is explained below; Table 7: Example for Targeting villages and Illiterates by Priority Priority ranking
Priority Score
No. of VDCs
No. of target illiterates
VDC names
1
2
1
1027
E
2
3
1
368
G
3
4
1
262
B
4
5
1
196
D
5
6
2
522
C,F
6
7
1
279
A
7
8
1
109
H
8
9
1
62
J
9
10
1
27
I
Total
10
Table 7 helps us to target the alarming VDCs and major concentration of illiterates within the villages. In Table 7, we can be confirmed that villages E, G, B, and D are found more alarming and these villages should be kept in higher priority for rapid reduction of illiterates. Villages C, F and H are also seen in alarming regarding the illiterates but literacy rate status is seen high in comparison to the illiterates. Two villages C and F belong to priority score 6. It gives us the villages’ status within this priority score.
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LITERACY MAPPING
The data analysis presentation steps which are very much indicative plan for identifying illiterates and their respective villages for implementing step 3 Strategize. For such data analysis presentation for steps 3, 3 districts are selected by age group 5+, 15+ and 15 – 24 and gender. These selected districts are focused on high illiterate numbers of populations in their villages. The selected districts are given in table 8 below; Table 8: Districts are selected for district level identifying illiterates by age group 5+
S.N
Districts
Literate Number
Illiterate Number
1
Dolkha
107238( 62.8)
63582
2
Rasuwa
192337 (62.9 )
113648
3
Kailali
465176 ( 66.3)
236255
VDC level analysis will be done for Dolkha, Rasuwa and Kailai districts by age group 5+, 15+, 15 – 24 and gender.
2.4.
Information needed
For literacy mapping, the following information is required: y The spatial distribution of illiterates and literacy rates by geographical areas, administrative levels, gender, age-group. y Illiterates showing overlays of terrain/topography, roads/waterways/paths, schools/CLCs, health centers, agricultural centers, places of religious worship, community facilities, and other relevant information.
2.5.
Limitation
The Literacy mapping study has some limitation observed during the study period. The main limitation issues are given below; x Literacy mapping study is based upon VDC level information. Only two Villages’ level information’s regarding illiterates and CLC’s are possible to present in the single layer of GIS map. x The literacy mapping study is limited in step 3 where as step 4 are not in the scope of work in the study.
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GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
3. GIS Map Presentation and Interpretation The GIS map presentation is accompanied by both literate map and illiterate map by all age group and gender. Literacy map by age group 5+ is presented by national, regional and various district levels.
3.1.
National Level
3.1.1.
Literacy map by Age group 5 +
Map 1 shows the literacy rate status by age 5+. The map is based upon given 5 scale legend. The following observations are drawn from the literacy map by age 5+ as given below; x Literacy rate by status by age 5+ is seen satisfactory in municipalities and its periphery VDC’s x Dark green and light green dot are identified sufficiently in Hilly region. x Eastern terai region is identified far behind in compare to eastern hill and eastern mountain regon in terms of literacy rate age 5+. Central development region is also seen lagging behind in terai and mountain area in terms of literacy age 5+ statuses. x Mid western development and Far western development region is also seen lagging behind in terms of literacy rate by age group 5+ x The central part of western development region is seen ahead in terms of literacy rate by age group 5+.
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GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
x
12
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
3.1.2.
Illiterate map by age 5+
Map 2 shows the illiterate number status by age 5+. The map is based upon given 5 scale legend. The following observations are drawn from the illiterate number map by age 5+ as given below; x Illiterates’ numbers are identified varied across the country. x Maximum numbers of illiterates are found in the terai region. x More illiterates are also found in the far mid western development, mid western development and the central development region. x Dark green and light green dots are significantly found in the Kathmandu valley and the hilly region of the western and the eastern development region. x There are varied illiterates’ numbers found in the central part the country. x Terai region should be given first priority for gradual reduction of illiterates’ number in the country.
13
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
x
14
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
3.1.3.
Female Literacy Status map by Age 5 +
Map 3 shows the female national literacy rate status by age 5+. The map is based upon given 5 scale legend. The following observations are drawn from the female national literacy status map by age 5+as given below; x Females’ national literacy rate by age 5+ is not seen satisfactory in the country. x Female literate population ratio is seen high in the Kathmandu Valley. It is also seen in most of the hilly region and some of the terai area in the eastern and the western development region. x The southern part of the central and the eastern region are identified lagging behind regarding the female literacy by age 5+. x Females focused literacy planning and programmes are seen highly required.
15
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
16
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
3.1.4.
Female Illiterates Number map by Age 5
Map 4 shows the female illiterates number by age 5+. The map is based upon given 5 scale legend. The following observations are drawn from the female illiterate map by age 5+ as given below; x Female illiterates’ numbers are analyzed high across the country. x Females are lagging behind in the terai region, Hilly region of the far and the midwestern development region. x Central development region is facing huge female illiterates’ numbers in their respective villages. x Although Female illiterates are seen on an average in the Kathmandu Valley. High ratios of female illiterates’ numbers are still present in the central region especially in the Kathmandu valley due to the high population numbers. x Female illiterates’ numbers are also found in the hilly region of the country. x Females are seen as prime actor for the increment of illiterates’ numbers across the country.
17
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
x
18
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
3.2.
Regional Level
3.2.1.
Regional level literacy map by age 5+
Map 5 shows the total literacy map by age 5+of the central development region. The map is based upon given 5 scale legend. The following observations are drawn from the central development region total literacy map by age 5+ as given below; x
Literacy rate status is seen steady in the central part of the central development region.
x
More red dots are found in the southern part of the central development region.
x
There are dark and light green dots identified in the Kathmandu valley.
x
The literacy rate status in the central development area is identified about 63.9 percent ( 5,614,815 out of the total 8,783,955 population)
19
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
x
20
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
3.2.2.
Regional level total illiterate map by age group 5+
Map 6 shows the central development region illiterates number by age group 5+. The map is based upon given 5 scale legend. The following observations are drawn from the central development region total illiterate map by age 5+ as given below; x Terai region has been found critical for the high illiterates’ numbers remained in their respective districts. More red dots (Above 4000 illiterates’ number legend) are identified in the terai region. x Some red dots are also identified in the central hilly region. x Yellow dots are also found in the terai region. Moreover illiterates’ numbers are identified with greater variation in that region. x Dark green and light green dots are found in the central and northern part of the central development region. x National literacy policy maker and planner should focus on the terai region for the rapid reduction in illiterates’ number. x CLC’s active implementation is seen steady in the hilly region.
21
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
x
22
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
3.2.3.
Regional level Female literacy map by age 5+
Map 7 shows the central development region literacy status of female by age group 5+. The map is based upon given 5 scale legend. The following observations are drawn from the central development region female literacy status map by age 5+ as given below; x Red dots are found densely in the terai region where as the red dots are found scattered in many places in central and northern part of the central development region. x Kathmandu valley is found more improving in the female literacy rate. x There are more orange and yellow dots also found scattered in the hilly region and the mountain region. x Female literacy rate is defined 55.2 percent (2,422,669 out of the total 4,389,789 population) in the central development region.
23
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x
24
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3.2.4.
Regional level Female illiterate map by age 5+
Map 8 is based upon given 5 scale legend showing the female illiterate in the central development region. The following observations are drawn from the regional female illiterate map by age 5+ as given below; x
There are variations observed in female illiterates’ number in the central development region.
x
Maximum Lower units of female illiterates (below 1000) are found in the central part and northern part of the central development region.
x
Female illiterates are found varied in the southern part of the central development region.
x
Female illiterates’ numbers are found significantly high in the Kathmandu Valley due to huge population existence.
x
The existing CLC’s in the different villages and municipality did not significantly effect in the gradual reduction of illiterates in the central development region.
x
There are 1967,120 female illiterates out of the total 436, 9789 population remained in the central development region.
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x
26
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3.3.
District Level
3.3.1.
Dolkha
3.3.1.1.
Dolkha District literacy map by age 5+
Map 9 shows the district level literacy by age 5+. The map is based upon given 5 scale legend. The following observations are drawn from the Dolkha District literacy map by age group 5+ as given below; x Dolkha district literacy rate status is analyzed on an average as more yellow dots are seen in the literacy map. x 3 red dots are identified in the Marbu, Bigu and the Alampu villages.
x 2 light green dots are identified in the Bhemeswor municipality and the Chayama village. x The literacy rate is defined 62.8 percent for the Dolkha district.
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x
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3.3.1.2.
Dolkha District illiterate map by age 5+
Map 10 shows the district level illiterate numbers by age 5+. The map is based upon given 5 scale legend. The following observations are drawn from the Dolkha District illiterate map by age group 5+ as given below; x There are still illiterates remained in the district. x More light green and yellow dots are found in the Dolkha districts illiterate map. Light green and yellow dots indicated lower illiterates numbers remained in most of the VDCs in the Dolkha district. x Bhemeswor municipality and Jiri village have found high illiterates number with respect to significant population exists over there. x Gauri Shankar village have less illiterates (below 500) with respect to relatively lower population exists in that VDC. x There are 37.2 percent (63,582 illiterate out of the total 170,820 population) illiterates identified in the Dolkha District.
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x
30
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3.3.1.3.
Dolkha VDC and illiterates targeting by age 5+
Targeting villages for further identification of illiterates and preparing literacy action plan for reduction of illiterates is the main motto of this literacy mapping study. Table 9 shows that the Priority Score from 4 to 6 is seen alarming and these villages need more attentive plans for gradual reduction of the illiterates’ number in the respective villages. Table 9: Villages and illiterates identification by priority score in the Dolkha District VDC/
Literacy Total
Literacy percent
Score 1
Illiterates
24
4802
67.2
Jhyaku
23
2401
3
Dandakharka
14
4
Gairimudi
5
Total
Score 2
Priority Score
3
2345
1
4
58.1
2
1733
2
4
2082
55.3
2
1681
2
4
17
2300
58.6
2
1628
2
4
Ghyang Sukathokar
19
2248
58.7
2
1580
2
4
6
Jungu
25
1991
56.3
2
1544
2
4
7
BhimeshworMunicipality
4
15777
72.8
4
5892
1
5
8
Namdu
42
2847
62.1
3
1738
2
5
9
Lapilang
35
2736
61.6
3
1705
2
5
10
Pawati
44
2572
61.1
3
1637
2
5
11
Sunkhani
47
2791
64.8
3
1517
2
5
12
Fasku
16
2374
61.1
3
1509
2
5
13
Thulopatal
52
1789
55.4
2
1439
3
5
14
Bhedapu
3
2035
59.0
2
1413
3
5
15
Kalinchowk
27
1309
52.5
2
1186
3
5
16
Magapauwa
36
1573
57.8
2
1147
3
5
17
Mali
37
1426
57.0
2
1074
3
5
18
Alampu
1
785
49.5
1
802
4
5
19
Bigu
7
752
49.2
1
776
4
5
20
Marbu
39
569
44.6
1
706
4
5
21
Kabhre
26
2947
67.7
3
1405
3
6
22
Lamidanda
34
2469
64.0
3
1389
3
6
23
Sailungeswor
46
2331
62.9
3
1373
3
6
24
Lakuridanda
32
2090
60.8
3
1348
3
6
25
Katakuti
28
2141
62.0
3
1314
3
6
26
Laduk
31
2161
63.0
3
1268
3
6
27
Mirge
41
1981
62.0
3
1216
3
6
28
Babare
2
1980
62.8
3
1175
3
6
29
Melung
40
2195
65.9
3
1135
3
6
30
Japhe
21
2426
69.0
3
1089
3
6
31
Suspa Kshyamawati
50
2043
65.6
3
1070
3
6
32
Bocha
8
1576
60.4
3
1033
3
6
S.N
VDC/MUN Name
MUN Code
1
Jiri
2
31
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33
Sahare
45
2030
66.3
3
1030
3
6
34
Tamchet Dudhpokhari
15
1275
56.1
2
996
4
6
35
Khopachagu
30
1010
51.7
2
943
4
6
36
Bhusafeda
6
1076
55.2
2
872
4
6
37
Lamabagar
33
1087
55.9
2
857
4
6
38
Khare
29
929
54.9
2
763
4
6
39
Chankhu
10
647
55.1
2
527
4
6
40
Suri
49
1782
64.2
3
993
4
7
41
Chilankha
12
1656
63.9
3
937
4
7
42
Bhirkot
5
1436
62.1
3
877
4
7
43
Sundrawati
48
1743
68.1
3
815
4
7
44
Chhetrapa
11
1470
65.3
3
781
4
7
45
Orang
43
1197
60.6
3
779
4
7
46
Jhule
22
1290
62.9
3
762
4
7
47
Malu
38
1585
68.5
3
728
4
7
48
Bulung
9
1206
63.4
3
695
4
7
49
Syama
51
1063
62.4
3
640
4
7
50
Hawa
20
965
61.6
3
602
4
7
51
Gauri Sankar
18
532
55.2
2
432
5
7
52
Chyama
13
1760
72.0
4
686
4
8
39 out of 52 villages in the Dolkha district are seen in alarming stage. It implies that there is extra effort needed for reduction of illiterates in many villages. Priority score from 7 and 8 are seen steady and these villages need to maintain their existing status and needed little effort for further reduction of their illiterates’ numbers in their villages. Moreover the local authorities of NFEC/DoE required this type of indicative template for development of the district level literacy action plan. Table 10 explained more about of villages and concentration of illiterates’ numbers within the priority score.
Table 10: Targeting villages and Illiterates by Priority in Dolkha district Priority ranking
Priority Score
No. of VDCs
No. of target illiterates
1st
4
6
10,511
Jiri, Jhyaku, Dandakharka, Sukanthokar, Jungu
2nd
5
14
22,541
Bhimeswor Municipility, Namdu, lapilang, Pawati, Sunkhani, Fasku, Thulopatal,Bhedapu, Kalinchowk, Magapauwa, Mali, Alampu, bigu,Marbu
3rd
6
19
20,803
Kabhre, Lamidanda, Sailungeswor, Lakuridanda, katakuti, Laduk, Mirge, Babare, Melung, japhe, suspa
VDC names
32
Gairimudi,
Ghyang
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
Kshyamawati, Bocha, Sahare, Tamchet Dudhpokhari, Khopachagu, Bhusafeda, Lamabagar, Khare, Chankhu
th
7
12
9,041
5th
8
1
686
Total
52
63,582
4
Suri, chilankha, Bhirkot, Sundrawati, Chhetrapa, Orang, Jhule, Malu, Bulung, Syama,Hawa, Gauri Sankar Chyama
Table 10 helps us to grab the important message for the literacy action plan. It indicated that there are more illiterates remained in 2nd priority ranking and it is followed by 3rd and 1st priority ranking. The 4th and 5th priority ranking has very less illiterates in compare to others. It gives in depth picture of villages status regarding the illiterates remained as given in the table. It implies that extra effort is needed in all most all villages for reduction of illiterates in the coming years. In addition these figures give an idea of the priority villages within the district, the size of target illiterates by priority, and the scale of literacy actions to be planned and organized in each coming year. For districts that lack the expertise and capacity to analyze the literacy maps and to plan literacy actions, the regional education office can help to handle these two initial steps (Table 9 and Table 10) in analyzing the corresponding district literacy maps and scoring the district literacy data table in order to prioritize the villages and target the illiterates. Those district education offices can then more reliably assess available literacy delivery capacities and plan appropriate literacy actions based on the identified priorities and targets.
3.3.1.4.
Dolkha District Female literacy map by age 5+
Map 11 shows the Dolkha district level female literacy map by age 5+. The map is based upon given 5 scale legend. The following observations are drawn from the Dolkha District female literacy map by age group 5+ as given below; x
More red and orange dots are found in the Dolkha District.
x
Only two yellow dots are found in the Dolkha district.
x
There are no dark green and light green dots are identified in the Dolkha district.
x
Dolkha District female literacy rate is found only 53.7 percent ( 49,249 out of the total 91,756 population )
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x
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3.3.1.5.
Dolkha District Female illiterate map by age 5+
Map 12 shows the Dolkha district level female illiterate map by age 5+. The map is based upon given 5 scale legend. The following observations are drawn from the Dolkha District female illiterate map by age group 5+ as given below;
x
Female Illiterates numbers are found below the average ratio in the Dolkha District.
x The existing CLC’s in the Dolkha villages did not influenced significantly on the reduction of the female illiterates’ number. x Bhemeswor municipality is still lagging behind the female illiterates number with respect to their relatively high population exists in the municipality. x 42,507 female out of the total 91756 population are still remained illiterates. x Bhimeswor municipality has still 4,228 female illiterates out the total 11.281 population still remained.
35
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x
36
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3.3.1.6.
Dolkha VDC’s and illiterates targeting by Female age 5+
Table 11 shows that only fewer villages in the Dolkha District have improved in the reduction of the female illiterates’ status. Priority score below 7 indicated that still 46 villages are seen in the alarming stage regarding high female illiterates’ number. Table 11: Villages and female illiterates’ identification by priority score in Dolkha District S.N
VDC/MUN Name
VDC/MUN Code
Literate Total
Literate Percent
Score 1
Illiterate Total
Score 1
Priority Score
1
BhimeshworMunicipality
4
7053
62.5
3
4228
1
4
2
Jiri
24
2206
58.4
2
1572
2
4
3
Jhyaku
23
1038
47.8
1
1134
3
4
4
Dandakharka
14
996
46.8
1
1131
3
4
5
Gairimudi
17
1029
48.2
1
1107
3
4
6
Ghyang Sukathokar
19
1044
49.8
1
1054
3
4
7
Bhedapu
3
965
49.1
1
1002
3
4
8
Namdu
42
1328
53.1
2
1175
3
5
9
Lapilang
35
1201
52.5
2
1086
3
5
10
Pawati
44
1268
54.0
2
1082
3
5
11
Sunkhani
47
1317
55.7
2
1049
3
5
12
Fasku
16
1193
53.3
2
1044
3
5
13
Jungu
25
931
48.3
1
998
4
5
14
Thulopatal
52
814
46.1
1
953
4
5
15
Magapauwa
36
736
49.3
1
758
4
5
16
Mali
37
694
49.6
1
704
4
5
17
Kalinchowk
27
539
43.4
1
703
4
5
18
Tamchet Dudhpokhari
15
567
46.4
1
654
4
5
19
Bhusafeda
6
476
44.9
1
584
4
5
20
Khopachagu
30
437
42.9
1
582
4
5
21
Lamabagar
33
453
46.2
1
528
4
5
22
Kabhre
26
1407
58.7
2
988
4
6
23
Sailungeswor
46
1137
55.0
2
929
4
6
24
Katakuti
28
1049
53.7
2
905
4
6
25
Lamidanda
34
1096
55.3
2
886
4
6
26
Lakuridanda
32
946
51.8
2
881
4
6
37
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27
Laduk
31
931
52.1
2
856
4
6
28
Mirge
41
962
54.2
2
812
4
6
29
Melung
40
1005
55.7
2
799
4
6
30
Babare
2
950
55.5
2
761
4
6
31
Japhe
21
1087
59.7
2
735
4
6
32
Suspa Kshyamawati
50
971
57.4
2
720
4
6
33
Sahare
45
956
57.1
2
717
4
6
34
Bocha
8
815
53.7
2
704
4
6
35
Suri
49
769
52.7
2
689
4
6
36
Chilankha
12
759
56.3
2
589
4
6
37
Bhirkot
5
694
54.3
2
583
4
6
38
Chhetrapa
11
691
55.7
2
549
4
6
39
Jhule
22
635
55.4
2
511
4
6
40
Malu
38
720
58.8
2
505
4
6
41
Alampu
1
346
41.7
1
483
5
6
42
Bigu
7
330
41.1
1
472
5
6
43
Khare
29
355
42.9
1
472
5
6
44
Marbu
39
249
38.4
1
400
5
6
45
Chankhu
10
259
42.5
1
351
5
6
46
Gauri Sankar
18
197
42.3
1
269
5
6
47
Sundrawati
48
809
60.1
3
536
4
7
48
Orang
43
504
50.8
2
488
5
7
49
Bulung
9
536
53.4
2
468
5
7
50
Syama
51
517
54.8
2
427
5
7
51
Hawa
20
456
53.1
2
402
5
7
52
Chyama
13
826
62.7
3
492
5
8
Females’ illiterates’ issues is considered remained in more villages. The given analysis about identifying villages and female illiterates will be instrumental for stakeholders’ for villages level planning for their annual planning in their district.
Table 12 show that the concentration of illiterates and the villages in their respective district.
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GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
Table 12: Targeting VDCs and female Illiterates by Priority in the Dolkha district Priority ranking
Priority Score
No. of VDCs
No. of target illiterates
VDC names
1st
4
7
11228
Jiri, Jhyaku, Dandakharka, , Ghyang Sukanthokar, BhemeshworMunicipality, Bhedapu, Gairimudi
2nd
5
14
11900
Namdu, Lapiling, Pawati, sunkhani, Fasku, Jungu, thulopatal, Magapauwa, Mali, Kalinchok, Tamchet dudhpokhari, Bhusafeda, Khopachagu, Lamabagar
3rd
6
25
16566
Kabhre, Sailungeswor, Katakuti, Lamidanda, Lakuridanda, laduk,Mirge, Melung,Babare, Japhe, Suspa Kshyamawati, Sahare, Bocha, Suri, Chilankha, Bhirkot, Chhetrapa, Jhule, Malu, Alampu, Bigu,Khare, Marbu, Chankhu, Gauri Sankar
4th
7
5
2321
Sundrawati, Orang, Bulung, Syama, Hawa
5th
8
1
492
Chyama
Total
52
42507
More illiterates are still remained in the priority ranking 3rd, 2nd and 1st. In 3rd priority ranking there are 16,566 illiterates and 25 villages are found and where as there are only 492 illiterates are found in 5th priority ranking. It implies that illiterates are spread in more districts. About 66.7 percent female (42,507 female illiterates out of 63,582 total illiterates) illiterates are analyzed remained in the Dolkha district.
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3.3.2. 3.3.2.1.
Rasuwa Rasuwa District literacy map by age 5+
Map 13 shows the Rasuwa district level Literacy map by age 5+. The map is based upon given 5 scale legend. The following observations are drawn from the Rasuwa district level Literacy map by age group 5+ as given below; x 50.0 percent villages are seen very poor regarding the literacy status in the Rasuwa district. x Only the Dhunche village lies in light green dots. Few villages belong to yellow and orange dots. x Rasuwa district literacy rate is defined as 53.6 percent. Rasuwa district literacy rate lies in orange score pattern.
It indicated that
x Rasuwa district need more extra effort for reduction of their illiterates from the respective villages.
40
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x
41
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3.3.2.2.
Rasuwa District illiterate map by age 5+
Map 14 shows the Rasuwa district level illiterate map by age 5+. The map is based upon given 5 scale legend. The following observations are drawn from the Rasuwa district level illiterate map by age group 5+ as given below; x CLC is established in all most all villages in the Rasuwa District. The CLC’s activities are seen in steady pace. There are lower illiterates’ numbers in more villages. x The illiterate are seen in low number in northern part of the Rsuwa district where as illiterates numbers are seen high in southern part of the Rasuwa Dsitrict. x
There are 18,348 illiterates out of the total 39,545 population identified.
42
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x
43
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3.3.2.3.
VDC and total illiterates targeting by age 5+
Table 13 shows that 5 out of 18 villages are seen steady regarding improvement of the literate status in the Rasuwa District. Priority score below 7 indicated that there are still 13 villages are found in the alarming stage regarding high illiterates’ number. Table 13: VDC’s and illiterates’ identification by priority score in the Rasuwa District S.N
VDC/MUN Name
VDC/M UN Code
Literate Total
Literate Percent
Score
Score
1
Illiterate Total
2
Priority Score
1
Yarsa
18
1180
33.9
1
2303
1
2
2
Bhorle
1
2599
51.4
2
2461
1
3
3
Saramthali
13
1753
49.3
1
1803
2
3
4
Ramche
12
697
33.6
1
1379
3
4
5
Haku
8
838
43
1
1111
3
4
6
Laharepouwa
10
2551
60.8
3
1648
2
5
7
Jibjibe(Nilkanth a)
9
3036
65
3
1633
2
5
8
Chilime
3
557
44.8
1
687
4
5
9
Gatlang
6
863
53.1
2
762
4
6
10
Goljung
7
417
46.6
1
477
5
6
11
Thuman
16
338
42.8
1
452
5
6
12
Bridhim
2
161
36.7
1
278
5
6
13
Langtang
11
161
37.4
1
270
5
6
14
Syafru
14
1446
65.3
3
767
4
7
15
Dandagoun
4
1256
62.1
3
766
4
7
16
Timure
17
279
57.5
2
206
5
7
17
Dhunche
5
2301
72.6
4
867
4
8
18
Thulogoun
15
764
61.5
3
478
5
8
Table 14 shows that priority ranking 1st and 2nd are seen highly vulnerable regarding the high illiterates number in the respective villages.
44
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
Table 14: Targeting VDCs and illiterates by Priority in the Rasuwa district Priority ranking
Priority Score
No. of VDCs
No. of target illiterates
VDC names
1st
2
1
2303
Yarsa
2nd
3
2
4264
Bhorle ,Saramthali
3rd
4
2
2490
Ramche, Haku
4th
5
3
3968
Laharepouwa, Jibjibe(Nilkantha),Chilime
5th
6
5
2239
Gatlang,Goljung,Thuman,Bridhim,Langtang
6th
7
3
1739
Syafru,Dandagoun,Timure
7th
8
2
1345
Total
18
18348
Priority ranking 4th and 3rd also found vulnerable regarding the high illiterates’ number. Priority ranking 5th, 6th and 7th are found less vulnerable regarding the illiterates’ numbers in their respective villages.
45
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
3.3.2.4.
Rasuwa District female literacy map by age 5+
Map 15 shows the Rasuwa district female literacy map by age 5+. The map is based upon given 5 scale legend. The following observations are drawn from the Rasuwa district literacy map by age group 5+ as given below; x More red dots are found in the Rasuwa district regarding the female literacy rate. x Few orange dots are also found in the Rasuwa district regarding the female literacy rate. x Only one yellow dot is found in the Dhunche VDC. x Female literacy rate by age 5+ status in the Rasuwa district is seen very poor. x Female literacy rate is found only 46.5 percent (9,291 out of the total 19,980 population) in the Rasuwa district.
46
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x
47
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
3.3.2.5.
Rasuwa District female illiterate map by age 5+
Map 16 shows the Rasuwa district female illiterate numbers map by age 5+. The map is based upon given 5 scale legend. The following observations are drawn from the Rasuwa district female illiterate map by age group 5+ as given below; x More dark green dots are found in the northern part of the Rasuwa District. x Light green dots are also found in the central part of the Rasuwa District. x Yellow dots are found in the southern part of the Rasuwa District. x The different dots distribution in the Rasuwa district female illiterate map implies that the remaining illiterates’ numbers are seen moderate in the Rasuwa district with respect to their total population. x There are still 10,689 illiterates out of the total 19,980 population exists.
48
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x
49
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
3.3.2.6.
VDC and female illiterates targeting by age 5+
Table 15 shows that 4 out of 18 villages are seen steady regarding the female literate status. Priority score below 7 indicated that there are still 14 villages are found alarming regarding high female illiterates’ number. Table 15: Villages and female illiterates’ identification by priority score in the Rasuwa District S.N
VDC/MUN Name
VDC/MUN Code
Literate Total
Literate Percent
Score 1
Illiterate Total
Score 2
Priority Score
1
Bhorle
1
1226
46
1
1424
3
4
2
Yarsa
18
472
28
1
1225
3
4
3
Saramthali
13
799
42
1
1119
3
4
4
Laharepouwa
10
1218
53
2
1071
3
5
5
Ramche
12
337
31
1
751
4
5
6
Haku
8
409
41
1
600
4
5
7
Jibjibe(Nilkantha )
9
1394
59
2
985
4
6
8
Gatlang
6
356
45
1
444
5
6
9
Chilime
3
267
42
1
362
5
6
10
Goljung
7
195
42
1
266
5
6
11
Thuman
16
151
38
1
244
5
6
12
Langtang
11
29
15
1
169
5
6
13
Bridhim
2
51
26
1
148
5
6
14
Timure
17
86
42
1
117
5
6
15
Dhunche
5
788
61
3
510
4
7
16
Syafru
14
552
53
2
488
5
7
17
Dandagoun
4
585
55
2
482
5
7
18
Thulogoun
15
376
57
2
284
5
7
Table 16 shows that priority ranking 1st and 2nd are seen highly vulnerable regarding the high female illiterates number in the respective villages.
50
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
Table 16: Targeting villages and female Illiterates by Priority in Rasuwa district Priority ranking
Priority Score
No. of VDCs
No. of target illiterates
VDC names
1st
4
3
3768
Bhorle, Yarsa, Saramthali,
2nd
5
3
2422
Laharepouwa,Ramche,Haku
3rd
6
8
2735
Jibjibe(Nilkantha),Gatlang,Chilime,Goljung,Thu man,Langtang,Bridhim,Timure
4th
7
4
1764
Dhunche,Syafru,Dandagoun,Thulogoun
Total
18
10689
Priority ranking 3rd and 4th are less vulnerable regarding the female illiterates’ number. About 58.3 percent (10689 females’ illiterates out of total 18348 illiterates) females’ illiterates are analyzed remained in the Rasuwa district by age group 5+.
51
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
3.3.3. 3.3.3.1.
Kailali Kailali District literacy map by age 5+
Map 17 shows the Kailali District literacy map by age 5+. The map is based upon given 5 scale legend. The following observations are drawn from the Kailali District literacy map by age group 5+ as given below; x More yellow dots are found across the Kailali District villages. x Only one red dot is found in the Khairala village in the Kailali District. x Light green dots are found in the Dhangadi municipality, Geta and the Darakh villages in the Kailali District. x Fewer orange dots are also seen scattered in many villages in the Kailali District. x Literacy rate is defined 66.3 percent (465,176 literate out of the total 701,431 population).
52
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
x
53
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
3.3.3.2.
Kailali District illiterate map by age 5+
Map 18 shows the Kailali District illiterate map by age 5+. The map is based upon given 5 scale legend. The following observations are drawn from the Kailali District illiterate map by age group 5+ as given below; x More red dots identified in the Kailali district. x Few dark green, light green and orange and yellow dots are also seen in many villages. x Both municipalities are lagging behind in terms of the high illiterate numbers. x CLC’s active implementation is seen passive in the Kailali District. x There are 236,255 illiterate out of the total 701,431 population identified.
54
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
x
55
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
3.3.3.3.
VDC and total illiterates targeting by age 5+
Table 17 shows that 9 out of 44 villages are seen steady regarding the literate status. Priority score below 7 indicated that there are still 35 villages are found alarming regarding high illiterates’ number in total. Table 17: villages and illiterates’ identification by priority score in the Kailali District S.N
VDC/MUN Name
VDC/M UN Code
Literate Total
Literate Percent
Scor e1
Illiterate Total
Sc ore 2
Priority Score
1
Joshipur
18
12338
59.6
2
8357
1
3
2
Chuha
6
10542
59.3
2
7239
1
3
3
Sugarkhal
40
6797
56.4
2
5259
1
3
4
Hasuliya
16
7718
59.7
2
5210
1
3
5
TikapurMunicipality
42
35526
67.8
3
16834
1
4
6
Baliya
1
25573
68.5
3
11745
1
4
7
Chaumala
7
15728
63.0
3
9226
1
4
8
Sadepani
37
14028
62.9
3
8257
1
4
9
Masuriya
24
14889
66.8
3
7387
1
4
10
Malakheti
23
15615
68.5
3
7167
1
4
11
Dododhara
11
10674
60.4
3
7009
1
4
12
Pathariya
31
9667
61.4
3
6080
1
4
13
Sreepur
39
10227
63.4
3
5898
1
4
14
Ramsikhar Jhala
35
10213
63.5
3
5873
1
4
15
Phulwari
33
12666
68.5
3
5824
1
4
16
Bhajani
4
8476
61.1
3
5405
1
4
17
Pratapapur
34
7640
60.1
3
5063
1
4
18
Urma
44
8767
63.6
3
5018
1
4
19
Kota Tulsipur
21
6891
59.7
2
4648
2
4
20
Lalbojhi
22
5728
56.9
2
4346
2
4
21
DhangadhiMunicipality
10
75702
79.2
4
19838
1
5
22
Geta
14
12566
71.3
4
5064
1
5
23
Godawari
15
8634
63.9
3
4887
2
5
24
Boniya
5
7798
61.5
3
4875
2
5
56
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
25
Thapapur
41
7682
61.3
3
4846
2
5
26
Pahalmanpur
29
8889
65.0
3
4795
2
5
27
Khailad
19
6714
62.1
3
4094
2
5
28
Khairala
20
1614
42.1
1
2219
4
5
29
Darakh
9
11858
72.3
4
4553
2
6
30
Durgauli
12
8585
68.7
3
3907
3
6
31
Munuwa
26
6827
64.5
3
3758
3
6
32
Gadariya
13
6648
65.0
3
3581
3
6
33
Beladevipur
3
6906
66.8
3
3433
3
6
34
Narayanpur
27
6906
67.3
3
3362
3
6
35
Basauti
2
3320
56.7
2
2538
4
6
36
Udasipur
43
5533
65.1
3
2960
4
7
37
Dhansinghapur
8
5180
65.1
3
2782
4
7
38
Sahajpur
38
4983
65.7
3
2604
4
7
39
Ratanpur
36
4361
67.2
3
2130
4
7
40
Mohanyal
25
2385
59.2
2
1647
5
7
41
Pawera
32
3538
64.8
3
1925
5
8
42
Nigali
28
3355
64.4
3
1852
5
8
43
Janakinagar
17
3506
65.6
3
1836
5
8
44
Pandaun
30
1983
68.2
3
924
5
8
Table 18 shows that there are high illiterates numbers observed in all priority ranking stage. Table 18: Targeting villages and Illiterates by Priority in Kailali district Priority ranking
Priority Score
No. of VDCs
No. of target illiterates
1st
3
4
26,065
Joshipur, Chuha, Sugarkhal, Hasuliya
VDC names
2nd
4
16
115,780
Tikapur Municipality, Baliya, Chaumala, Sadepani, Masuriya, Malakheti, Dododhara, Pathariya, Sreepur, Ramsikhar Jhala, Phulwari, Bhajani, Pratapapur, urma, Kot tulsipur, Lalbojha
3rd
5
8
50,618
DhangadhiMunicipality, Geta, Godawari, Thapapur, Pahalmanpur, Khailad, Khairala
57
Boniya,
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
4th
6
7
25,132
Darakh, Durgauli, Munuwa, Gadariya, Beladevipur, Narayanpur, Basauti
5th
7
5
12,123
Udasipur, Mohanyal
6th
8
4
6,537
Pawera, Nigali, Janakinnagar, Pandaun
TOTAL
44
236,255
Dhansinghapur,
Sahajpur,
Ratanpur,
Priority ranking 2nd, 1st and 3rd has found excess number of illiterates remained in their respective 20 VDCs. These 20 VDCs belongs to priority ranking 2nd, 1st and 3rd should be first priority target for rapid reduction of illiterates numbers. The priority ranking 3rd and 4th should be given second priority target for the reduction of illiterates in their respective 15 VDCs. The priority ranking 5th and 6th should be given third priority for the reduction of illiterates’ number in their respective 11 VDCs.
58
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
3.3.3.4.
Kailali District female literacy map by age 5+
Map 19 shows the Kailali District female literacy map by age 5+. The map is based upon given 5 scale legend. The following observations are drawn from the Kailali District female literacy map by age group 5+ as given below; x More orange dots are found in the Kailali District. x Fewer red dots are also seen in the Kailali District. x Only Dhangadhi municipality female literacy status is seen moderate where as Tikapur municipality is lagging behind. x The female literacy rate in the Kailali District is found 57.1 percent (206,068 out of the total 361,229 population).
59
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
x
60
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
3.3.3.5.
Kailali District female illiterate map by age 5+
Map 20 shows the Kailali District female illiterate map by age 5+. The map is based upon given 5 scale legend. The following observations are drawn from the Kailali District female illiterate map by age group 5+ as given below; x There are variations in dots observed in the Kailali district female illiterate numbers. x More dark green dots and light green dots are seen in compare to other dots. x Tikapur and Dhangadhi municipalities both are identified lagging behind the female illiterates’ numbers. x CLC’s active implementation is seen passive in the Kailali District. x 155,143 female out of the total 361,229 population are identified illiterates in the kailali District.
61
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
x
62
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
3.3.3.6.
VDC and female illiterates targeting by age 5+
Table 19 shows that 11 out of 44 villages are seen steady regarding the female literate status. Female literates’ status is seen steady in more Kailali villages. Priority score below 7 indicated that there are still 33 villages are found alarming regarding high female illiterates’ number. Table 19: Villages and female illiterates’ identification by priority score in the Kailali District S.N
VDC/MUN Name
VDC/MU N Code
Literate
Score 1
Illiterate Total
Score 2
Total
Literate Percent
Priority Score
1
TikapurMunicipality
42
16051
59.0
2
11138
1
3
2
Baliya
1
11738
59.2
2
8100
1
3
3
Chaumala
7
7154
53.6
2
6190
1
3
4
Sadepani
37
6189
53.9
2
5295
1
3
5
Joshipur
18
5265
50.7
2
5126
1
3
6
Malakheti
23
6463
57.0
2
4882
2
4
7
Masuriya
24
5910
55.1
2
4807
2
4
8
Chuha
6
4836
50.3
2
4774
2
4
9
Dododhara
11
4777
51.2
2
4562
2
4
10
Pathariya
31
4499
52.7
2
4040
2
4
11
Sreepur
39
4632
53.6
2
4006
2
4
12
Sugarkhal
40
2704
43.1
1
3566
3
4
13
DhangadhiMunicipalit y
10
33051
70.7
4
13726
1
5
14
Ramsikhar Jhala
35
4485
53.5
2
3896
3
5
15
Godawari
15
4020
53.5
2
3499
3
5
16
Bhajani
4
3436
50.8
2
3332
3
5
17
Urma
44
3940
54.9
2
3235
3
5
18
Pratapapur
34
3510
52.0
2
3234
3
5
19
Hasuliya
16
3424
51.6
2
3211
3
5
20
Boniya
5
3547
52.8
2
3173
3
5
21
Pahalmanpur
29
3890
55.5
2
3123
3
5
22
Thapapur
41
3322
52.2
2
3042
3
5
23
Lalbojhi
22
2395
47.6
1
2639
4
5
24
Phulwari
33
5986
61.0
3
3825
3
6
63
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
25
Geta
14
5745
63.3
3
3324
3
6
26
Kota Tulsipur
21
3009
50.2
2
2983
4
6
27
Khailad
19
3024
54.3
2
2549
4
6
28
Munuwa
26
3060
55.8
2
2420
4
6
29
Beladevipur
3
3159
57.6
2
2330
4
6
30
Gadariya
13
3010
57.8
2
2200
4
6
31
Basauti
2
1472
48.0
1
1597
5
6
32
Khairala
20
627
32.3
1
1317
5
6
33
Mohanyal
25
956
48.4
1
1018
5
6
34
Darakh
9
5249
63.9
3
2963
4
7
35
Durgauli
12
4133
61.4
3
2598
4
7
36
Narayanpur
27
3322
60.1
3
2208
4
7
37
Udasipur
43
2495
56.3
2
1937
5
7
38
Dhansinghapur
8
2373
56.0
2
1868
5
7
39
Sahajpur
38
2022
53.4
2
1766
5
7
40
Ratanpur
36
1842
57.1
2
1385
5
7
41
Nigali
28
1446
53.3
2
1269
5
7
42
Pawera
32
1583
55.6
2
1264
5
7
43
Janakinagar
17
1547
57.8
2
1130
5
7
44
Pandaun
30
788
56.9
2
596
5
7
Table 20 shows that there are also more illiterates concentrated in all priority ranking. Among that priority ranking 1st has huge female illiterates in their respective Villages. Table 20: Targeting villages and female illiterates by Priority in the Kailali district Priority ranking
Priority Score
No. of VDCs
No. of target illiterates
VDC names
1st
3
5
35,849
TikapurMunicipality, Baliya, Chaumala, Sadepani, Joshipur
2nd
4
7
30,637
Malakheti, Masuriya, Chuha, Pathariya, Sreepur, Sugarkhal
3rd
5
11
46,110
DhangadiMunicipality, Ramsikhar Jhala, Godawari, bhajani, Urma, Pratapur, Hasuliya, Boniya, Pahalmanpur, Thapapur, lalbojhi
23,563
Phulwari, Geta, Kota tulshipur, Khailad, Munuwa, Beladevipur, Gadariya, Basauti, Khairala, Mohanyal
4
th
6
10
64
Dododhara,
GIS MAP PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
5th
7
11
18,984
Total
44
155,143
Darakh, Durgauli, Naranyanpur, Udasipur, Dhandinghapur, Sahajpur, Ratanpur, Nigali, Pawera, Janakinagar, Pandaun
Priority ranking 2nd and 3rd has nearly similar type of illiterates’ portion remained in compare to priority ranking 1st. Priority ranking 1st , 2nd and 3rd should given first priority for the reduction female illiterate. Priority ranking 4th and 5th has very less illiterates remained in their respective villages in compared to others. About 65.7 percent female illiterates (155,143 females out of the total illiterates 236,255) are analyzed remained in the Kailali district.
65
MAJOR FINDINGS
4. Major Findings The major findings of the literacy mapping study by national level , regional level and district level scenario are presented in sub headings given below;
4.1.
Total: Age group 5 +
4.1.1.
Total Literacy rate
x Literacy rate by age group 5+ is seen satisfactory in the municipalities and its periphery villages. x Dark green and light green dot are identified sufficiently in the hilly region. x Terai region is seen weaker in literacy rate status by age group 5+. x Literacy rate status is seen steady in hilly region of the central development region. x More red dots are found in terai region in the central development region. x Dolkha district literacy rate status is analyzed steady as more yellow dots are seen in the Dolkha district literacy map. x The literacy rate is defined 62.8 percent for the Dolkha district. x 50.0 percent villages are seen very poor regarding the literacy status in the Rasuwa district. x Rasuwa district literacy rate is defined as 53.6 percent. x More yellow dots are found across the Kailali District villages. x The literacy rate is found 66.3 in the Kailali District. 4.1.2.
Total illiterate number
x Illiterates’ numbers are identified varied across the country. x Maximum Numbers of illiterates are found in the terai region. x More illiterates are also found in the far mid western development, mid western development and the central development region. x Dark green and light green dots are significantly found in the Kathmandu valley, hilly region of western and the eastern development region. x Southern part of the central development region has found more illiterate numbers in their respective districts. x Dark green and lighter green dots are found in the central and the northern part of the central development region. x CLC’s active implementation is seen steady in the hilly region. x There are still illiterates remained in the Dolkha district.
66
MAJOR FINDINGS
x There are 37.2 percent (63,582 illiterate out of the total 170,820 population) illiterates identified in the Dolkha District. x There are 53.5 percent( 10,689 out of the total 19,980 population) illiterates remained in the Rasuwa District x There are more red dots identified in the Kailali district regarding the illiterates. x CLC’s active implementation is seen passive in the Kailali District. x 236,255 out of the total 701,431 population are identified illiterates in the kailali District. 4.1.3.
Sum up
x 39 out of 52 villages in the Dolkha district are identified as more illiterates dominate villages. x 13 out of 18 villages in the Rasuwa district are identified as more illiterates dominate villages. x 35 out of 42 villages in the Kailali district are identified as more illiterates dominate villages.
4.2.
Female:Age 5+
4.2.1.
Literacy rate
x Female literacy rate by age 5+ is not seen satisfactory in most part of the country. x Most of the terai region specifically in the central and the eastern development region are identified far behind regarding the female literacy age 5+. x Red dots are found densely in the southern part in the central development region where as it is also found scattered in many places in the central and the northern part of the central development region. x Kathmandu valley is found more improving in the female literacy rate. x Female literacy rate is found 55.2 percent (2,422,669 out of the total 4,389,789 population)in the central development region x More red and orange dots are found in the Dolkha District. x There are no dark green and light green dots are identified in the Dolkha district. x Female literacy rate is found only 53.7 percent ( 49,249 out of the total 91,756 population ) in the Dolkha District x More red dots are found in the Rasuwa district regarding the female literacy rate. x Female literacy rate is found only 46.5 percent (9,291 out of the total 19,980 population) in the Rasuwa district.
67
MAJOR FINDINGS
x Female literacy rate in the Kailali District is found below on an average ratio. x The female literacy rate in the Kailali District is found 57.1 percent (206,068 out of the total 361,229 population). 4.2.2.
Female illiterates number
x Female illiterates’ numbers are analyzed high across the country. x Females are lagging in the terai region, Hilly region of the far mid western development and the mid western development. x Females are seen as prime actor for illiterates’ numbers remained in across the country. x There are variations observed in illiterates’ number in the central development region. Maximum Lower units of female illiterates (below 1000) dots are found in the central part of central development region. x More light green dots are found across the central development region. x Illiterates’ numbers are found significantly high in the Kathmandu Valley due to the huge population exists in the valley. x The existing CLC’s in the different villages and the municipality did not significantly effect in the gradual reduction of illiterates in the central development region. x There are 1967,120 female illiterates out of the total 436, 9789 population remained in the central development region. x Dark green dots, light green dots and yellow dots indicated that Female Illiterates are found below the average ratio in the Dolkha District. x The existing CLC in the Dolkha villages did not influenced significantly on the reduction of the female illiterates’ number. x There are 42,507 female illiterates out of the total 91756 population still remained in the Dolkha District. x More dark green dots are found in Northern part of the Rasuwa District. x Light green dots are found in central part of the Rasuwa District. x Yellow dots are found in the southern part of the Rasuwa District. x 10,689 out of the total 19,980 female population are still found illiterates in the Rasuwa District. x More dark green dots and light green dots are seen in the Kailali District. x CLC’s active implementation is seen passive in the kailali District. x 155,143 female out of the total 361,229 population are identified illiterate in the Kailali District. 68
MAJOR FINDINGS
4.2.3.
Sum up
x 46 out of the total 52 villages are found in critical situation due to high female illiterates’ number in the Dolkha District. x 14 out of the total 18 villages are found in critical situation due to high female illiterates’ number in the Rasuwa District. x 33 out of the total 14 villages are found critical due to female illiterates’ number in the Kailali District.
69
MAJOR IMPLICATIONS
5. Major Implications The major implications of the literacy mapping study by national level , regional level and district level scenarios are presented in sub headings given below;
5.1.
Total: Age group 5 +
5.1.1.
Total Literacy rate
x National Literacy programme should be given more focused especially in the Terai region. x Terai region should be first priority in the central development region for overall development of the literacy status. x Dolkha District literacy rate should be maintained and need to improve upon the periodic plan. x Rasuwa district literacy rate should be rapidly improved. x Kailali District literacy rate should be maintained and need to improve upon the periodic plan. 5.1.2.
Total illiterate number
x More priority should be given to the terai region, far mid western development, mid western development and the central development region for the reduction of illiterates. x In central development region, Terai region (Bara, Parsa, Rautahat, Sarlahi,Mahottari Dhanusa District) should be given in high priority for the reduction of illiterate numbers. x CLC’s should make more active in the Dolkha, Rasuwa and the kailali District with different strategies and progammes. x The remained 63,582 illiterate should be identified by the Dolkha villages and periodic plan is required for gradual reduction of illiterates. x The remained 10,689 illiterates should be identified by the Rasuwa villages and periodic plan is required for gradual reduction of illiterates. x The remained 236,255 illiterates should be identified in the Kailali villages and periodic plan is required for rapid reduction of illiterates. x The number of villages’ found critical due to remaining illiterates’ numbers should be identified and need planned strategy for the reduction of illiterates in the same villages are highly required.
70
MAJOR IMPLICATIONS
5.2.
Female: Age 5+
5.2.1.
Female literacy rate
x National Female literacy rate should be increased by periodic plan. x The female literacy rate status of the central development region should be improved. x Dolkha District female literacy rate 53.7 percent should be improved by periodic plan. x Female literacy rate should be rapidly improved in the Rasuwa District. x The existing female literacy rate in the Kailali District should be maintained and improved by periodic plan. 5.2.2.
Female illiterates number
x Female illiterates’ number by age group 5+ should be gradually reduced in the country. x
The high variation in female illiterates’ number should be minimized over the country.
x The remaining female illiterates in the central development region should be reduced by periodic plan. x Dolkha District female illiterates’ numbers should be minimized by implementing various literacy programmes. x Rasuwa District female illiterates’ number should be reduced by periodic plan. x Kailai District illiterates’ number should be reduced gradually. x CLC’s active implementation across the country is highly appreciated. x The number of villages regarding the illiterate issues in all Dolkha, Rasuwa and Kailali District should be targeted and high priority is required for those villages for rapid reduction in current stage.
71
ANNEXES
6. Annexes Annex 1: Literacy Rate Status by Age group 5+ Total Population by age 5+ S.N
Literate by 5+
Literate Percent
Districts Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
1
Taplejung
54077
60490
114567
42880
38803
81683
79.3
64.1
71.3
2
Panchthar
81486
93077
174563
65471
61226
126697
80.3
65.8
72.6
3
Ilam
130666
139094
269760
109964
100215
210179
84.2
72.0
77.9
4
Jhapa
349759
394198
743957
288007
270608
558615
82.3
68.6
75.1
5
Morang
423298
456931
880229
333245
288442
621687
78.7
63.1
70.6
6
sunsari
336594
358841
695435
259040
217063
476103
77.0
60.5
68.5
7
Dhankuta
69168
79767
148935
56991
53773
110764
82.4
67.4
74.4
8
Terhathum
42507
49959
92466
35504
33492
68996
83.5
67.0
74.6
9
Sankhuwasabha
67469
76009
143478
52267
47275
99542
77.5
62.2
69.4
10
Bhojpur
76971
87661
164632
60340
53809
114149
78.4
61.4
69.3
11
Solukhumbu
46224
49670
95894
33922
27662
61584
73.4
55.7
64.2
12
Okhaldhunga
61577
72409
133986
45770
40556
86326
74.3
56.0
64.4
13
Khotang
86695
99013
185708
67334
60492
127826
77.7
61.1
68.8
14
Udaypur
133746
152299
286045
103225
93618
196843
77.2
61.5
68.8
15
Saptari
281465
294562
576027
188539
125385
313924
67.0
42.6
54.5
16
siraha
274767
293566
568333
169956
115081
285037
61.9
39.2
50.2
17
Dhanusa
340300
339145
679445
206250
136444
342694
60.6
40.2
50.4
18
Mahottari
275017
281254
556271
155532
102810
258342
56.6
36.6
46.4
19
Sarlahi
345544
337339
682883
192691
123477
316168
55.8
36.6
46.3
20
Sindhuli
126320
138945
265265
88173
72385
160558
69.8
52.1
60.5
21
Ramechhap
85361
101262
186623
62003
54147
116150
72.6
53.5
62.2
22
Dolkha
79064
91756
170820
57989
49249
107238
73.3
53.7
62.8
23
Sindhupalanchok
126532
137742
264274
86010
71459
157469
68.0
51.9
59.6
24
Kavre
168411
185513
353924
134037
113012
247049
79.6
60.9
69.8
25
Lalitpur
222592
216037
438629
200577
161419
361996
90.1
74.7
82.5
26
Bhaktapur
144259
140570
284829
130526
102131
232657
90.5
72.7
81.7
27
Kathmanduu
853486
779154
1632640
786704
621495
1408199
92.2
79.8
86.3
72
ANNEXES
28
Nuwakot
121619
134068
255687
82642
70261
152903
68.0
52.4
59.8
29
Rasuwa
19565
19980
39545
11906
9291
21197
60.9
46.5
53.6
30
Dhading
142433
163552
305985
101240
91097
192337
71.1
55.7
62.9
31
Makwanpur
187219
195049
382268
141190
118185
259375
75.4
60.6
67.9
32
Rautahat
310238
295052
605290
157845
94496
252341
50.9
32.0
41.7
33
Bara
311464
297756
609220
195448
121103
316551
62.8
40.7
52.0
34
Parsa
278048
255126
533174
186101
111964
298065
66.9
43.9
55.9
35
Chitwan
256694
280489
537183
215282
198244
413526
83.9
70.7
77.0
36
Gorkha
109273
138584
247857
82054
82370
164424
75.1
59.4
66.3
37
Lamjung
68736
84890
153626
55491
53760
109251
80.7
63.3
71.1
38
Tanahu
129445
166166
295611
108317
112877
221194
83.7
67.9
74.8
39
Syangja
113340
151685
265025
97531
105503
203034
86.1
69.6
76.6
40
Kaski
216624
238368
454992
195181
179621
374802
90.1
75.4
82.4
41
Manang
3481
2680
6161
2890
1721
4611
83.0
64.2
74.8
42
Mustang
6676
5912
12588
5034
3300
8334
75.4
55.8
66.2
43
Myagdi
45372
56421
101793
36781
36379
73160
81.1
64.5
71.9
44
Parbat
58306
74749
133055
48636
49621
98257
83.4
66.4
73.8
45
Baglung
103827
137278
241105
83675
89625
173300
80.6
65.3
71.9
46
Gulmi
106310
145742
252052
86799
96102
182901
81.6
65.9
72.6
47
Palpa
103503
133688
237191
87853
92935
180788
84.9
69.5
76.2
48
Nawalparasi
274920
312978
587898
219593
196418
416011
79.9
62.8
70.8
49
Rupandehi
390651
409779
800430
309480
249086
558566
79.2
60.8
69.8
50
Kapilvastu
253216
255282
508498
164431
114788
279219
64.9
45.0
54.9
51
Arghakhachi
75231
101607
176838
61509
66851
128360
81.8
65.8
72.6
52
Pyuthan
85054
113418
198472
66499
66502
133001
78.2
58.6
67.0
53
Rolpa
88582
107387
195969
63379
54211
117590
71.5
50.5
60.0
54
Rukum
86955
97296
184251
61936
52460
114396
71.2
53.9
62.1
55
Salyan
101916
112899
214815
75292
62284
137576
73.9
55.2
64.0
56
Dang
233721
265388
499109
184354
166614
350968
78.9
62.8
70.3
57
Banke
219393
223092
442485
153486
122584
276070
70.0
54.9
62.4
58
Bardiya
185149
202474
387623
136153
117331
253484
73.5
57.9
65.4
59
Surkhet
149173
162340
311513
122382
105385
227767
82.0
64.9
73.1
73
60
Dailekh
108973
117493
226466
79374
62105
141479
72.8
52.9
62.5
61
Jajarkot
72824
73211
146035
47988
35651
83639
65.9
48.7
57.3
62
Dolpa
15795
16010
31805
10719
6503
17222
67.9
40.6
54.1
63
Jumla
47370
46590
93960
32326
19029
51355
68.2
40.8
54.7
64
Kalikot
57732
57573
115305
39197
26326
65523
67.9
45.7
56.8
65
Mugu
23671
22998
46669
15426
8492
23918
65.2
36.9
51.3
66
Humla
22169
21293
43462
13759
7026
20785
62.1
33.0
47.8
67
Bajura
56160
59817
115977
38662
25917
64579
68.8
43.3
55.7
68
Bajhang
78875
89123
167998
57570
35753
93323
73.0
40.1
55.6
69
Achham
101551
119537
221088
71796
51249
123045
70.7
42.9
55.7
70
Doti
81673
99471
181144
59956
42115
102071
73.4
42.3
56.3
71
Kailali
340202
361229
701431
259090
206086
465176
76.2
57.1
66.3
72
Kanchanpur
193331
213952
407283
157270
130556
287826
81.3
61.0
70.7
73
Dadeldhura
57805
67121
124926
46049
35535
81584
79.7
52.9
65.3
74
Baitadi
101046
117869
218915
79836
58018
137854
79.0
49.2
63.0
75
Darchula
55418
61732
117150
43927
32646
76573
79.3
52.9
65.4
11534084
12392457
23926541
8666282
7111504
15777786
75.1
57.4
65.9
Total
74
